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75-708: The House of Charm is a historic museum building in Balboa Park in San Diego, California . It was built for the 1915–16 Panama–California Exposition , and like most buildings from the exposition, it features Mission Revival architecture . It acquired its current name during the California Pacific International Exposition . It now houses the Mingei International Museum as well as rehearsal space for

150-495: A Reception Center for sailors until 1944, when those activities were transferred to Camp Elliott ; this allowed for additional hospital expansion. It was returned to civilian authority in 1946, and repair costs to return the buildings and infrastructure to their pre-war status totaled $ 840,000, with the majority reimbursed by the Navy. In 1948, the funds were used to restore seven buildings that were deemed unsafe. A new addition to

225-522: A bill in the California state legislature to repeal the 1870 law. A San Diego resident learned of the plan and informed higher powers at the state level in Sacramento, California . The conspiracy was leaked to the press, exposing the city officials involved. A public safety committee formed and collected signatures supporting the current existence of the park. Their plea was successful and the bill

300-529: A camp for Camp Fire . The Central Mesa is home to much of the park's cultural facilities, and includes scout camps, the San Diego Zoo , the Prado, and Inspiration Point. East Mesa is home to Morley Field and many of the active recreation facilities in the park. The park is crossed by several freeways, which take up a total of 111 acres (0.45 km ) once designated for parkland. In 1948, State Route 163

375-532: A city-appointed committee hired an architect to review the buildings, and he determined that they could be restored by a slight margin over any costs to demolish the buildings. The necessary funds and materials for restoration were donated by San Diegans and the labor was financed by the federal government. Some of the buildings and infrastructure constructed for the Panama–California Exposition that still exist include: Balboa Park's second big event,

450-586: A long row of ramshackle firetraps." Several proposals were developed for converting buildings to museums and several groups attempted to have some of the park land sold to finance other projects. During both the Great War and World War II, the park was handed over to the Department of the Navy to be used as a barracks and training ground and was an extension of Naval Medical Center San Diego . By 1917, after $ 30,000 in repairs and modifications were made to

525-475: A name change in 1910 with the name “Balboa” becoming the reigning champion. The second theory made by Nancy Carol Carter, historian and former director of the Legal Research center at USD states that this theory is false. Through her research she discovered that the naming of the park was a four month long effort from the parks commissioners. In October of 1910 during a meeting, the commissioners decided on

600-417: A reigning style for decades, and still the primary vernacular style in much of California. Goodhue's associate architect was Carleton M. Winslow, who is solely credited with the lattice-work Botanical Building and other structures. Goodhue's team, which included Kate Sessions and Lloyd Wright for landscape design , had won out over the local and more modernist Irving Gill to get the commission. One of

675-519: A slight profit, which was donated to the San Diego Museum in the park. Roosevelt, approving of the buildings' architecture, recommended that the "buildings of rare phenomenal taste and beauty" be left as permanent additions. The majority of the buildings were only supposed to remain standing through 1916 and were not constructed with long-lasting materials. When the expo ended, several city discussions were held to determine what to do with

750-614: A song entitled "Balboa Park" focusing on the unpleasant aspects of the park. One of the Old Globe Theatre's starring actors was stabbed to death in the middle of the day in February 1985. A 36-year-old woman was gang-raped and murdered in the park in June 1986. To counter the increase in crime, city officials expanded police patrols in the park, and many of the individual museums hired security guards. After two murders in 1993 and

825-540: A telegraph button in Washington, D.C., to symbolically open the ceremonies by turning on the power at the park. Yellow and red were the themed colors of the event and were displayed throughout. All of the employees, workers, security people, and management staff were dressed in period Spanish and Mexican military uniforms, and much of the park was filled with plantings of exotic plants . Over 40,000 red Poinsettia plants, all in full bloom, were used. The event attracted

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900-521: A temporary outdoor stage, which was later upgraded to become one of the Globe's three theaters. The Old Globe Theatre itself was rebuilt and reopened in 1981. Queen Elizabeth II presented at the dedication ceremony for the theatre in 1983. Throughout the 1980s, there were multiple reports throughout Balboa Park of vandalism, murder, rape, arson, and minor petty crimes. The resulting negative publicity during this period inspired Bruce Springsteen to write

975-548: A walking silver robot; and a strange new electrical device called a "television". Like the first exposition, the 1935 Fair was so successful it was extended for a second year. Opening ceremonies for the second season began when President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressed a gold telegraph key in the White House to turn on the exposition's lights. He later visited the exposition; other notable guests included Herbert Hoover , Mae West , and Jack Dempsey . Funded at $ 20 million,

1050-575: Is a 1,200-acre (490 ha) historic urban cultural park in San Diego, California . Placed in reserve in 1835, the park's site is one of the oldest in the United States dedicated to public recreational use. The park hosts various museums, theaters, restaurants, and the San Diego Zoo . It is managed and maintained by the Parks and Recreation Department of the City of San Diego. Balboa Park hosted

1125-487: Is a primary attraction in San Diego and the region. Its many mature, and sometimes rare, trees and groves comprise an urban forest . Many of the original trees were planted by the renowned American landscape architect , botanist , plantswoman , and gardener Kate Sessions . An early proponent of drought tolerant and California native plants in garden design , Sessions established a nursery to propagate and grow for

1200-497: Is currently a two-lane road providing vehicle access to the park. A plan to divert vehicle traffic around to the south of the California Quadrangle, so as to restore it as a pedestrian-only promenade, was dropped after legal challenges, but was reapproved after the legal challenges failed and was scheduled for completion in 2019. El Prado, a long, wide promenade and boulevard, runs through the park's center. Most of

1275-578: Is essentially rectangular, bounded by Sixth Avenue to the west, Upas Street to the north, 28th Street to the east, and Russ Boulevard to the south. The rectangle has been modified by the addition of the Marston Hills natural area in the northwest corner of the park, while the southwest corner of the rectangle is occupied by a portion of the Cortez Hill neighborhood of downtown San Diego and San Diego High School , both of which are separated from

1350-400: Is now Naval Medical Center San Diego . Its existence survived the 1852 effort to remove Kumeyaay villages within half a mile of the city. The village was kept active under Jośe Manuel Polton, also known as Hatam, who transformed the village into an urban Native American neighborhood for urbanized Native Californians and Baja Californians in San Diego seeking jobs. The neighborhood lasted into

1425-471: The California Pacific International Exposition , came in 1935. This Exposition was intended to promote the city and remedy San Diego's Great Depression ills. Balboa Park was reconfigured by San Diego architect Richard S. Requa , who also oversaw the design and construction of many new buildings, some to be permanent. Facilities added at that time and still in use include the Old Globe Theatre ,

1500-631: The National Register of Historic Places . The following year two historic park structures burned down in two separate arson fires: the Aerospace Museum in the former Electric Building, and the 1935 Old Globe Theatre . The Aerospace Museum (now the San Diego Air & Space Museum ) lost over $ 4 million in exhibits, and was reopened after moving into the old Ford Building . The Old Globe Theatre produced its 1978 season on

1575-754: The Old Globe Theatre . It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . San Diego staged the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal and to call attention to the fact that San Diego would be the first American port of call north of the Panama Canal on the Pacific coast . In 1910 San Diego had a population of 39,578, San Diego County 61,665, Los Angeles 319,198, and San Francisco 416,912. San Diego's scant population made it

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1650-1027: The San Diego Model Railroad Museum , the San Diego Natural History Museum , the San Diego History Center , the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center , and the Timken Museum of Art . Other features along El Prado include the Reflection Pond, the latticed Botanical Building, and the Bea Evenson Fountain . Next to the promenade are the San Diego Air & Space Museum and the San Diego Automotive Museum . Theatrical and musical venues include

1725-799: The San Diego Velodrome ; baseball and softball fields; cross country running course; the USTA -honored Balboa Tennis Club and tennis courts; archery ranges; the Bud Kearn public swimming pool; and a disc golf course . Among the institutions and facilities within the park's borders but not administered by the city's Parks Department are the San Diego Zoo, the Naval Medical Center San Diego (NMCSD), and San Diego High School . Other attractions in various areas of

1800-737: The Spanish Colonial architecture created during the Spanish colonization era in New Spain-Mexico and the lower Americas, with Churrigueresque and Plateresque detailing "updating" the already popular Mission Revival style—to create the Spanish Colonial Revival style . The buildings and the style were extremely well received by the public and design professionals in California and nationally, becoming

1875-576: The artist's work from the museum's permanent collection and loans from the Niki Charitable Art Foundation. In its 30-year history, Mingei International has presented 140 exhibitions, accompanied by related lectures, films, demonstrations, workshops, music, theater and dance. Mingei International Museum closed its Escondido museum galleries to the public on June 26, 2010. The museum's collections comprise 17,500 objects from 141 countries. The collections contain artifacts from

1950-484: The 1890s through the advocacy of Hatam and his successor Juan Gonzales before it was dismantled and became Balboa Park. Spain and later Mexico made a practice of setting aside large tracts of land for the common use of citizens. In 1835, the Alta California authorities set aside a 1,400-acre (570 ha) tract of pueblo land in San Diego to be used for the public's recreational purposes. This land included

2025-489: The 1915 opening of the Panama Canal . Davidson believed an expo would help improve commerce (it would advertise that San Diego was the first U.S. port of call vessels encountered after passing through the canal and sailing north), build the city's population, and expand the infrastructure of the park. He later explained the significance of holding the expo in San Diego: "I felt something must be done to get our city on

2100-437: The 1915–16 Panama–California Exposition and 1935–36 California Pacific International Exposition , both of which left architectural landmarks. The park and its historic exposition buildings were declared a National Historic Landmark and National Historic Landmark District in 1977, and placed on the National Register of Historic Places . Balboa Park contains museums, gardens, attractions, and venues. The park

2175-469: The 1915–16 Panama-California Exposition, had urged that the temporary buildings on Balboa Park's main avenue, El Prado , be torn down. However, San Diego's citizens scorned this advice. With the assistance of money from the federal government, they patched up the plaster palaces in 1922 and 1933. This meant that most of the original buildings were available for re-use in the second exposition in 1935. The California-Pacific International Exposition used many of

2250-419: The 1935–1936 event counted 6.7 million visitors—almost double the total of the 1915–16 exposition. At the conclusion of the expo, San Diegans voted again on what to do with the park and its buildings. Banker Joseph Sefton Jr. called for the buildings' removal, "They are hideous and badly placed. Had we torn out the 1915 exposition buildings and landscaped the park we would have a beautiful place there now and not

2325-695: The House of Charm, along with the House of Hospitality which was in similar disrepair. The recreated House of Charm building was reopened on September 21, 1996, with external features carefully duplicating the original highly ornamented exterior. The building now houses the San Diego Art Institute, the Mingei International Museum, and rehearsal space for the Old Globe Theatre . The San Diego Art Institute 's (SDAI) Museum of

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2400-598: The International Cottages, and the Spanish Village. The 1935 Exposition left behind colorful stories of its exhibits and entertainments. The Gold Gulch was a forerunner of the many "frontier town" themed areas of later amusement parks. The controversial Zoro Garden Nudist Colony , "Midget Village", and sideshow entertainments including fan dancer Sally Rand added to the lore. The Exposition also provided visitors with early glimpses of 'Alpha',

2475-467: The Living Artist (MoLA) had a 10,000-square-foot (930 m) gallery in the House of Charm, featuring works by San Diego artists. A new exhibit opened every four to six weeks. Solo artist exhibitions were also featured. Mingei International Museum reveals the beauty of use in folk art , craft and design from all eras and cultures of the world. The word mingei , meaning 'art of the people,'

2550-553: The Mission Revival Style buildings remaining from the 1915–16 Panama-California Exposition, including the Science of Man Building. During the 1935–36 exhibition the building was renamed the House of Charm, by which name it is still known today. During 1935, it housed commercial concessions devoted to women's clothing, jewelry, hosiery, shoes, cosmetics and perfumes, as well as a drug store and refreshment stand. In 1936,

2625-555: The Panama Canal opening, the majority of the funds went to the San Francisco expo. In anticipation of the exposition, many of San Diego's business and city leaders began to develop separate plans for the park. John D. Spreckels , owner of the San Diego Electric Railway , wanted to shift the location of the main public plaza to add room for exhibitors — and to allow his streetcar system to traverse

2700-557: The San Diego Men's Art Club (forerunner of the San Diego Art Institute ). In 1978, the building was condemned as unsafe and was temporarily evacuated, but the San Diego Art Institute moved back in after sprinklers were installed. During the 1980s various tenants competed for use of the building, but none could afford the necessary renovations. Finally in 1989, the city of San Diego decided to tear down and rebuild

2775-714: The Spreckels Organ Pavilion, featuring one of the world's largest outdoor pipe organs; the Old Globe Theatre complex, which includes a replica of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre as well as an outdoor stage and a theatre in the round ; and the Starlight Bowl – an outdoor amphitheatre . The Casa Del Prado Theater is the home of San Diego Junior Theatre, the country's oldest children's theatre program. The House of Pacific Relations International Cottages collected on El Prado offer free entertainment shows. The Botanical Building, designed by Carleton Winslow ,

2850-465: The building was called the "Indian Arts Building." When the fair was extended to 1916, the exhibits changed and the building was once again renamed, this time to the "Russia and Brazil Building." From 1917 to 1922 it was known as the "Science of Man Building" and housed specimens, casts, statues, and photographs illustrating the development of the human species. It was later used for refreshment stands and flower shows. Bertram Goodhue , master architect of

2925-542: The buildings lining this street are in the Spanish Colonial Revival architecture style, a richly ornamented mixture of European Spanish architecture and the Spanish Colonial architecture of New Spain - Mexico . Along this boulevard are many of the park's museums and cultural attractions, including the Museum of Us , the San Diego Museum of Art , the Museum of Photographic Arts , the San Diego Art Institute ,

3000-453: The buildings were kept. Donated funds allowed for improvements to the buildings' integrity and interiors. During World War II, the park was renamed Camp Kidd , after Rear Admiral Isaac Kidd . Buildings within the park were used for multiple purposes, including hospital wards, training facilities, and barracks . After the attack on Pearl Harbor , many of the wounded were transported to Camp Kidd's hospital wards. Camp Kidd also served as

3075-787: The buildings. Goodhue recommended demolishing the buildings, saying "They are now crumbling, disintegrating and altogether unlovely structures, structures that lack any of the venerability of age and present only its pathos, and the space they occupy could readily be made into one of the most beautiful public gardens in the New World." Joseph W. Sefton Jr., president of the Society of Natural History, also called for their demolition, citing fire hazards: "All those old exposition buildings are nothing but fire traps. ... They are pretty to look at, but we may wake up any morning and find them gone, and our million dollars['] worth of exhibits with them." However,

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3150-569: The city and private charities such as the Committee of 100 undertook a major effort to restore the park's historic buildings. Most of the original Exposition buildings were continuing to deteriorate with some lacking foundations and minimal structural support. By the 1990s some of the Prado buildings were deteriorating so badly that "pieces of plaster regularly fell off the walls." Several crumbling buildings were torn down and replaced with permanent structures which were carefully detailed to maintain

3225-480: The city's Board of Trustees was asked to create a public park out of two 160-acre (65 ha) plots of land just northeast of the growing urban center of "New Town"—present-day Downtown San Diego . The request was made by one of the Trustees, E. W. Morse , who had picked the site in coordination with real estate developer Alonzo Horton . There is a sculptural group of Horton, Marston, and Morse by Ruth Hayward in

3300-409: The development and use of the land during this time, but no comprehensive plan for development was adopted until 1902. Nevertheless, some buildings were constructed, including an orphanage and women's shelter (later burned down), a high school (Russ High School – later San Diego High School ), and several gardens maintained by various private groups. One of the most celebrated of these early usages

3375-607: The exhibition buildings. Several new museums opened during the 1960s and 1970s: the Timken Museum of Art in 1965, the Centro Cultural de la Raza in 1970, and the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center in 1973. The 1915–1916 exposition's Food and Beverage Building was rebuilt and reopened in 1971 as Casa del Prado. Balboa Park, and the historic Exposition buildings, were declared a National Historic Landmark and National Historic Landmark District in 1977, and placed on

3450-628: The exhibition, Dolls and Folk Toys of the World. In August 1996, Mingei International was relocated to the historic House of Charm on the Plaza de Panama in Balboa Park . It shares the central square with the San Diego Museum of Art and the Timken Museum of Art . In 2003, Mingei International opened a second museum in downtown Escondido , in North San Diego County. The premiere exhibition, Niki de Saint Phalle Remembered featured

3525-430: The expo; he made major decisions such as locating the expo on the park's central mesa, using California Mission Revival Style architecture for the buildings, and featuring "human progress" as the theme. A similar fair, the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition , was also planned in "far to the north" San Francisco to celebrate the canal opening. Although $ 5 million had been set aside by Congress for celebrations of

3600-401: The map and advertise it to the rest of the world. I knew we had something here that no other city had, and that all that was necessary was for the people to know about it." It has been long debated as to how Balboa Park’s name changed from City Park to Balboa Park. The most popular theory states that in order to prepare for the 1915 Panama-California Exposition, city officials held a contest for

3675-659: The most significant improvements to the park from that time was the construction of the Cabrillo Bridge across a major canyon in the city. The bridge connects the main portion of the park with the western portion and with Laurel Street. A lavish groundbreaking ceremony for the fair's construction was held in July 1911. On December 31, 1914, the Panama–California Exposition opened, with Balboa Park "crammed full" of spectators. President Woodrow Wilson pushed

3750-456: The municipal authorities of said city for the purpose of a park". It was around this time that San Diego residents were developing fondness for the park, as illustrated by their insistence on keeping the park intact when in 1871 there was an attempt to overturn the state law so as to allow for private purchase of some of the park land. At the urging of would-be land speculators and the city attorney, State Senator James McCoy quietly introduced

3825-427: The name Balboa. San Diego would be the smallest city to ever hold a World's Fair; its population at the time was less than 40,000. The expo was organized by a group of San Diego business leaders, including Ulysses S. Grant Jr. , and was funded at an initial cost of $ 5 million (including $ 1 million from voter-approved bonds for landscaping). Developer and civic leader D. C. Collier was chosen as General Director of

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3900-546: The name was changed again to Palace of International Arts, featuring gems and artifacts from all over the world, some for sale and some for exhibit. Although there were ongoing doubts about the soundness of the building, which was not intended to be a permanent structure, it continued to be used during the 1940s and 1950s. Tenants included the Model Railroad Museum, the San Diego Hall of Champions , and

3975-457: The national attention organizers had sought. Even Pennsylvania's Liberty Bell made a brief three-day appearance in November 1915. The event was such a success the fair was extended through 1916. Over the two years, it drew more than 3.7 million visitors, including Henry Ford , William Jennings Bryan , Thomas Edison , Theodore Roosevelt , and William Howard Taft . The expo actually turned

4050-673: The old Federal Building. Mingei International Museum Mingei International Museum was founded by Martha Longenecker , Professor of Art Emerita, San Diego State University . As an artist craftsman who studied pottery-making in Japan, she became acquainted with and learned from the founders and leaders of the Mingei Association of Japan. Under her guidance, the museum was established and developed over more than 27 years. In May 1978, Mingei International Museum of World Folk Art opened at University Towne Centre in San Diego with

4125-536: The original appearance. The Science and Education Building and the Home Economy Building were demolished to make room for the expansion of two new wings for the Timken Museum of Art . The loss of these two buildings along with the Casa de Balboa , the House of Charm , and the House of Hospitality , resulted in the formation of the independent organization, Committee of One Hundred, to attempt to preserve

4200-544: The original buildings, over 5,000 U.S. troops were using the park for training. Coinciding with the Panama–California Exposition, the Commandant of the Marine Corps instructed 2nd Battalion of the newly established 4th Marines to represent the Marine Corps at the event. On December 19, 1914, Marine Barracks, Balboa Park , was established as the second, and during its period, and only Marine base in San Diego. It

4275-636: The park and extend to the North Park and University Heights neighborhoods. The Exposition's lead designer and site planner was architect Bertram Goodhue , well known for his Gothic Revival style churches in New York and Boston, who sought a regionally appropriate aesthetic to use in Southern California . Goodhue and associate architect Carleton Winslow chose to use the styles of highly ornamented Spanish Baroque architecture with

4350-487: The park and the public. The park's gardens include Alcazar Garden , Botanical Building , Desert Cactus Garden , Casa del Rey Moro Garden, Inez Grant Parker Memorial Rose Garden , Japanese Friendship Garden , Bird Park, George W. Marston House and Gardens, Palm Canyon, and Zoro Garden . The main entrance to the park is via the Cabrillo Bridge and through the California Quadrangle . That entry

4425-400: The park by Interstate 5 . Also encroaching on the northern perimeter of the park is Roosevelt Middle School. Two north-south canyons—Cabrillo Canyon and Florida Canyon—traverse the park and separate it into three mesas. The Sixth Avenue Mesa is a narrow strip bordering Sixth Avenue on the western edge of the park, which provides areas of passive recreation, grassy spaces, and tree groves, and

4500-898: The park during the post-war 1940s was the carillon in the California Tower (1946), which chimes the time every quarter-hour. The San Diego Junior Theater, a program of the Old Globe Theatre, was established in 1948, performing in the Prado Theatre. The amphitheater formerly known as the Ford Bowl became the Starlight Bowl , home of the Starlight Musical Theater (also known as the San Diego Civic Light Opera and as Starlight Opera), which performed Broadway musicals outdoors in

4575-463: The park include chess and bridge outdoor tables, horseshoe pits , playgrounds, walking and jogging trails, sports fields and courts, and picnic areas. Clubs and facilities for pétanque and lawn bowling are based in the park. There is also Spanish Art Village which consists of art shops. Prior to the establishment of the park, the area was home to a Kumeyaay village informally known as Hatam's Village (or Hata'am) in Florida Canyon just south of what

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4650-492: The park were in the "Golden Hill Park" area off 25th street. The National Register listed the rustic stone fountain designed by architect Henry Lord Gay as the oldest surviving designed feature in the park. Other attractions in the area included a children's park, walking trails, and a redwood bird aviary . Indigenous Californians and Bajenos began to flock to the Kumeyaay village in Florida Canyon looking for work in San Diego during this period. A Native Californian urban exclave

4725-420: The park. Subsequently, a resolution to set aside for a large city park not just two plots of land, but nine plots totaling 1,400 acres (570 ha), was approved by the city's Board of Trustees on May 26, 1868. Then in 1870, a new law called the "Act to Insure the Permanency of the Park Reservation", was passed by the state legislature, which said, "These lands (lots by number) are to be held in trust forever by

4800-406: The park. Her work was so progressive that she was in fact the first woman awarded the Meyer Medal for "foreign plant importation" by the American Genetic Association . Other developments from this time include two reservoirs, an animal pound in Pound Canyon (later renamed Cabrillo Canyon), and a gunpowder magazine in the area now known as Florida Canyon. The earliest recreational developments in

4875-406: The shooting of a young drama student walking across the Cabrillo Bridge in 1994, nighttime lighting in the park was increased, and video cameras were installed in several locations to allow park rangers and police to better monitor the area. In 1998, the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center opened a larger building at its present location. The following year, the Hall of Champions Sports Museum moved to

4950-422: The site of present-day Balboa Park, making it one of the oldest places in the United States dedicated to public recreational usage. No further activity took place until 1845, when a survey was done by Henry D. Fitch to map the 47,000 acres. Three years later, the Mexican government was forced by the Mexican–American War to cede Alta California, including San Diego, to the United States. On February 15, 1868,

5025-419: The smallest city ever to attempt holding an international exposition. However, the Exposition was a huge success and was extended for a second year. The building now known as the House of Charm was originally named the Mining Building, intended to showcase the mineral wealth and abundance of the region of San Diego. Another temporary name was the "Arts and Crafts Building," but by the time the fair opened in 1915

5100-412: The summer. In 1959, the city hired an architectural firm to map out a plan for the park based on the suggestions of San Diegans along with the firm's recommendations. The initial review called for 13 of the original 1915 buildings to remain while replacing 11 others with new buildings in their place. The plan also called for adjusted roadways, additional landscaping, and improvements in parking. By 1967,

5175-434: Was a 36-acre nursery owned and maintained by local horticulturist and botanist Kate Sessions, who is often referred to as "the mother of Balboa Park." Although owned by Sessions, by agreement with the city the nursery was open to the public, and Sessions donated trees and plants to the city every year for its beautification. Sessions is responsible for bringing in many of the different varieties of native and exotic plants in

5250-401: Was built through Cabrillo Canyon and under the Cabrillo Bridge . This stretch of road, initially named the Cabrillo Freeway, has been called one of America's most beautiful parkways. A portion of Interstate 5 was built in the park in the 1950s. Surrounding the park are many of San Diego's older neighborhoods, including Downtown , Bankers Hill , North Park , and Golden Hill . Balboa Park

5325-420: Was built up in the canyon, which lasted up until the 1900s when the neighborhood was torn down in preparation for the Panama–California Exposition. Preparations for the 1915 Panama–California Exposition created much of the park's present-day look-and-feel and designed amenities. Beginning in 1909, San Diego Chamber of Commerce president G. Aubrey Davidson suggested that the park hold an expo to coincide with

5400-609: Was coined by the Japanese scholar Sōetsu Yanagi by combining the Japanese words for all people ( min ) and art ( gei ). Yanagi's teachings awakened people to the essential need to make and use objects that are unfragmented expressions of head, heart and hands. Established in 1978, Mingei International Museum collects, conserves and exhibits these arts of daily use – by anonymous craftsmen of ancient times, from traditional cultures of past and present and by historical and contemporary designers. Balboa Park (San Diego) Balboa Park

5475-558: Was established by Marines under the command of Colonel Pendleton . It remained in place until 1921, when a more permanent base was established in Dutch Flats , itself a predecessor of Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego . Under the conditions of usage, upon closing, the Marine Corps returned the buildings they had used in the exact condition that they had received them. Although some buildings were scheduled to be demolished due to disrepair, several San Diego groups organized to ensure

5550-453: Was killed in the legislature. San Diego was the second city in the U.S. to dedicate a large park after New York City's 1858 establishment of Central Park . For the first few decades of its existence, "City Park" remained mostly open space. The land, lacking trees and covered in native wildflowers, was home to bobcats, rattlesnakes, coyotes, and other wildlife. Numerous proposals, some altruistic, some profit-driven, were brought forward for

5625-554: Was the largest wood lath structure in the world when it was built in 1915 for the Panama-California Exposition. It contains large specimen palms and other plants and sits next to a long reflecting pool on the El Prado side. Located in the eastern third of the park is Morley Field Sports Complex , which includes the Balboa Park Golf Complex, which contains a public 18-hole golf course and 9-hole executive course;

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