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25-542: The park opened in 1922. It is named after a boundary line that was determined in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis between the Odawa , Ojibwe , and Potawatomi tribes and the United States government. The line ran through the present park. Indian Boundary Park once had a small zoo, which began with a single American black bear . In later years, it primarily housed farm animals, such as goats, ducks, and chickens. The zoo

50-794: A 20-mile (32 km) strip of land on either side of the Chicago River extending from Lake Michigan to the Fox River (Illinois River tributary) . This was to ultimately clear the way for the Illinois and Michigan Canal and eventually the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal connecting Lake Michigan , Chicago, Illinois to the Illinois River and ultimately the Mississippi. The survey done in 1818-1819 on land ceded by

75-467: A due west line from the southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the Mississippi river. And they moreover cede to the United States all the land contained within the following bounds, to wit: beginning on the left bank of the Fox river of Illinois, ten miles above the mouth of said Fox river; thence running so as to cross Sandy creek, ten miles above its mouth; thence, in a direct line, to a point ten miles north of

100-705: A set of rapids on the Mississippi River called the Des Moines Rapids defined the northern navigational end of the Mississippi which was 2.4 feet (0.73 m) deep in the rapids. In 1824, treaties for the Ioway , Sac and Fox ceding their land in Missouri implied that the Sullivan Line was Missouri's northern border all the way to the Mississippi. Missouri did not formally move to claim

125-698: The Bootheel to accommodate the wishes of Mississippi River towns to stay with their Missouri compatriots. The state's official description was: The wording in the Constitution of "north along the said meridian line, to the intersection of the parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the River Des Moines, making said line correspond with the Indian boundary-line" was to stir problems later since Sullivan had not crossed any rapids while

150-487: The Illinois and Michigan Canal was built on the ceded land and, in 1900, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal . The specific land given up included: The said chiefs and warriors, for themselves and the tribes they represent, agree to relinquish, and hereby do relinquish, to the United States, all their right, claim, and title, to all the land contained in the before-mentioned cession of the Sacs and Foxes, which lies south of

175-816: The Indian Removal Act in 1830 all Native Americans west of the Mississippi River and many east of the river were moved west of the Indian Boundary Line. In 1838 disputes over the Sullivan Line were to touch off the bloodless Honey War over the boundary between Missouri and Iowa. In the Treaty of Fort Clark in 1808, the Osage Nation , the most influential tribe in Missouri, ceded all lands west of Fort Clark near Sibley, Missouri in Jackson County, Missouri . In exchange for this,

200-711: The Platte Purchase bought all the land west from the Indian Boundary Line and then permitted Missouri to annex the land. As part of the purchase, Missouri wanted the Sullivan Line resurveyed. Joseph C. Brown who was involved with establishing the Fifth Principal Meridian from which most of land in the Louisiana Territory was mapped was hired by Missouri to resurvey the land. Brown was to say that instead of using

225-592: The Des Moines which he described as shallow and calm when he crossed it at just south of Farmington, Iowa . Sullivan was a delegate to the Missouri Constitutional Convention that defined the state's borders. The initial proposal for the boundaries of Missouri were close to the boundaries of today and followed the original Osage territory. There was a debate about extending the northern border 80 miles (130 km) further north to

250-869: The Iowa-Missouri border was placed just north of Sheridan, Missouri . Joseph C. Brown in 1823 survey the boundary south to the Arkansas boundary. From Arkansas it has a small eastward angle to the Arkansas River at Fort Smith, Arkansas where it then heads due south before briefly following the Red River of the South to the Texas border. The line now forms the border between Missouri and Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, and Arkansas and Oklahoma. Sullivan drifted northward by 2 degrees as he headed east to

275-528: The governors eventually agreed to let the Supreme Court decide the case which it did in State of Missouri v. State of Iowa , 48 U.S. 660 (1849), upholding the Sullivan Line noting that is how it was written in state's constitution. The line was resurveyed to correct various jogs as disputes were to continue over the line into the 20th century. In addition to his surveys in Missouri, Sullivan also surveyed

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300-545: The help of neighborhood residents. The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995, and the fieldhouse was named a Chicago Landmark in 2005. The historic fieldhouse was extensively damaged by a fire on May 20, 2012. Restoration to the fieldhouse began in the late summer of 2013 after extensive negotiations between the Chicago Park District and the insurance provider. It

325-581: The land south of the Sullivan Line to the mouth of the Des Moines at Keokuk, Iowa became known as Half Breed Tract and was declared part of Iowa when it joined the Union in 1846. Since it is 25 miles (40 km) south of the Sullivan Line it is the southernmost point in Iowa. After Sullivan died in 1830, the Sullivan Line was extended in the west to the Missouri River in 1836 as the U.S. government in

350-522: The mouth of the Rock River (Illinois) at Rock Island, Illinois and the western boundary 30 miles (48 km) further west to the mouth of the Wolf River (Kansas) at White Cloud, Kansas . The additions would have made Missouri the largest state in the Union and under Congressional pressure it was dropped back to the current configuration since the lines were already marked (plus the addition of

375-704: The mouth of the Kansas, the northern should have been determined by its relation to the mouth of Ohio River . Brown said the border should be 9.5 miles (15.3 km) north of the Sullivan Line at what is now Lacey-Keosauqua State Park in Keosauqua, Iowa . Brown's Line was not recognized by Iowa. Missouri sent Clark County, Missouri sheriff to collect taxes in the strip and was arrested. According to legend Missouri tax collectors cut down three trees that had honey bee hives to collect honey in lieu of taxes. State militias from both Missouri and Iowa were called out before

400-529: The new line, the United States began to survey the new boundary line to which all were to be removed. Sullivan was instructed to run by his boss William Rector, head of the survey agency for Missouri and Illinois territories to draw a line 100 miles (160 km) north from the mouth of the Kansas River and thence east 150 miles (240 km) and 40 chains to the Des Moines River . Sullivan

425-498: The said Kankakee and the Illinois river, to the mouth of Fox river, and thence to the beginning: Provided, nevertheless, That the said tribes shall be permitted to hunt and fish within the limits of the land hereby relinquished and ceded, so long as it may continue to be the property of the United States. In exchange the tribes were to be paid $ 1,000 in merchandise over 12 years. The land was surveyed by John C. Sullivan and its land

450-451: The treaty, the tribes, their chiefs, and their warriors relinquished all right, claim, and title to land previously ceded to the United States by the Sac and Fox tribes on November 3, 1804 (see, Treaty of St. Louis (1804) ), In the treaty, the united tribes also ceded a 20-mile strip of land to the United States, which connected Chicago and Lake Michigan with the Illinois River . In 1848,

475-573: The tribe was paid merchandise worth $ 1,500 along with a fort to protect them and a government sanctioned trading post . The specific boundaries: The treaty provided the following provision: In 1816 the boundary was "adjusted" 23 miles (37 km) west to the mouth of the Kansas River on the Missouri River which was a more significant geographic boundary than Fire Prairie Creek . Although no treaties were in place acknowledging

500-540: The west end of the Portage, between Chicago creek, which empties into Lake Michigan, and the river Depleines, a fork of the Illinois; thence, in a direct line, to a point on Lake Michigan, ten miles northward of the mouth of Chicago creek; thence, along the lake, to a point ten miles southward of the mouth of the said Chicago creek; thence, in a direct line, to a point on the Kankakee, ten miles above its mouth; thence, with

525-522: Was treaty signed by Ninian Edwards , William Clark , and Auguste Chouteau for the United States and representatives of the Council of Three Fires (united tribes of Ottawa , Ojibwa , and Potawatomi ) residing on the Illinois and Milwaukee rivers, signed on August 24, 1816, and proclaimed on December 30, 1816. Despite the name, the treaty was conducted at Portage des Sioux, Missouri , located immediately north of St. Louis, Missouri . By signing

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550-523: Was fully restored on July 14, 2014 with help from the park supervisor, Philip Martini. Official website Treaty of St. Louis (1816) The Treaty of St. Louis is the name of a series of treaties signed between the United States and various native tribes from 1804 through 1824. The fourteen treaties were all signed in the St. Louis, Missouri area. The Treaty of St. Louis of 1816

575-547: Was maintained by the Zoological Society of the Lincoln Park Zoo . In 2013, the zoo at Indian Boundary Park was closed and the remaining few animals were sent to Lincoln Park Zoo. Indian Boundary Park is noted for its fieldhouse, which was completed in 1929. The design of the fieldhouse incorporates Native American and Tudor elements. In 1989, a large playground was added to the park and assembled with

600-702: Was originally intended as land grant rewards for volunteers in the War of 1812 . Today, Indian Boundary Park in West Ridge, Chicago commemorates this Treaty. John C. Sullivan John C. Sullivan (December 9, 1788 - July 27, 1830) was a surveyor who established the Indian Boundary Line and the Sullivan Line which were to form the boundary between Native Americans and white settlers in Indian Territory from Iowa to Texas . Following

625-677: Was to be criticized later for not extending the line all the way to the similarly named (but different) Des Moines Rapids on the Mississippi River at about the latitude of Fort Madison, Iowa . Sullivan was to begin his survey on the "far bank" of the confluence on the Left Bank of the Missouri at what is now the Clay County, Missouri and Platte County, Missouri line at what is now property owned by Kansas City Downtown Airport . The 100-mile (160 km) mark that now forms

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