The Indonesian Broadcasting Commission ( Indonesian : Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia , abbreviated as KPI ) is an independent broadcasting agency in Indonesia that functions as a regulating body for broadcasting companies in the country. The commission was established in 2002 based on Act No. 32 of 2002 on Broadcasting. KPI consists of the Central Indonesian Broadcasting Commission ( KPI Pusat ) and the Regional Indonesian Broadcasting Commission ( KPID ) who work on the provincial level.
15-587: The predecessor of today's KPI was the National Broadcasting Advisory and Controlling Agency ( Badan Pertimbangan dan Pengendalian Penyiaran Nasional , or BP3N), mandated upon the provision of Act No. 24 of 1997 on Broadcasting, but it did not came into formation. The succeeding Act No. 32 of 2002 on Broadcasting is the main basis for the establishment of the KPI. The broadcasting system is managed by an independent body free from any influence of
30-691: A double-taxation treaty with the US, accepted by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Non-qualified dividends paid by other foreign companies or entities; for example, those receiving income derived from interest on bonds held by a mutual fund, are taxed at the regular and generally higher rate of income tax. When applied to 2013, this is on a sliding scale up to 39.6%, with an additional 3.8% surtax for high-income taxpayers ($ 200,000 for singles, $ 250,000 for married couples). A financier ( / f ɪ n ə n ˈ s ɪər , f ə -, - ˈ n æ n -/ )
45-496: Is risk attitude . Investor protection through government involves regulations and enforcement by government agencies to ensure that market is fair and fraudulent activities are eliminated. An example of a government agency that protects investors is the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which works to protect reasonable investors in the United States . Similar protections exist in other countries, including
60-451: Is a person whose primary occupation is either facilitating or directly providing investments to up-and-coming or established companies and businesses , typically involving large sums of money and usually involving private equity and venture capital , mergers and acquisitions , leveraged buyouts , corporate finance , investment banking , or large-scale asset management . A financier makes money through this process when their investment
75-417: Is based on the principles of diversity of ownership and diversity of content . In September 2021, one of KPI employees filed a criminal case regarding sexual abuse he had received, which lasted from 2012. The KPI organize Indonesian Broadcasting Commission Awards ( Anugerah KPI ), which is held every year since 2006. Investor An investor is a person who allocates financial capital with
90-403: Is paid back with interest, from part of the company's equity awarded to them as specified by the business deal, or a financier can generate income through commission , performance, and management fees. A financier can also promote the success of a financed business by allowing the business to take advantage of the financier's reputation. The more experienced and capable the financier is, the more
105-654: The United Kingdom where individual investors have certain protections via the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS). Company dividends are paid from net income , which has the tax already deducted. Therefore, shareholders are given some respite with a preferential tax rate of 15% on " qualified dividends " in the event of the company being domiciled in the United States. Alternatively, in another country having
120-407: The financiers , powerful people, and political institutions such as the government. In comparison, Section 7 of the former Act No. 24 of 1997 on Broadcasting states that " broadcasting is dominated by the country's structure and operations are undertaken by the government ", indicating that the broadcasting agency was subject to the government of Indonesia . Indonesia's democratization process puts
135-419: The expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity , debt , securities , real estate , infrastructure , currency , commodity , token , derivatives such as put and call options , futures , forwards , etc. This definition makes no distinction between
150-481: The financier will be able to contribute to the success of the financed entity, and the greater reward the financier will reap. The term, financier, is French , and derives from finance or payment . Financier is someone who handles money. Certain financier avenues require degrees and licenses including venture capitalists , hedge fund managers, trust fund managers, accountants , stockbrokers , financial advisors , or even public treasurers . Personal investing on
165-411: The financiers bring to bear in their decisions gives a wide range of entrepreneurial ideas a chance for insightful evaluation. And, importantly, the financier and the entrepreneur do not need the state's or social partners' approval. Nor are they accountable later on to such social bodies if the project goes badly, not even to the financier's investors. So projects that would be too opaque and uncertain for
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#1732791203615180-555: The investors in the primary and secondary markets . That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors. An investor who owns stock is a shareholder . There are two types of investors: retail investors and institutional investors . A retail investor is also known as an individual investor . There are several sub-types of institutional investor: Investors might also be classified according to their profiles . In this respect, an important distinctive investor psychology trait
195-483: The other hand, has no requirements and is open to all using the stock market or by word-of-mouth requests for money. A financier "will be a specialized financial intermediary in the sense that it has experience in liquidating the type of firm it is lending to". Economist Edmund Phelps has argued that the financier plays a role in directing capital to investments that governments and social organizations are constrained from playing: [T]he pluralism of experience that
210-533: The public as both owner and controller of the broadcasting sphere industry. This is because the frequencies are public property and limited in nature; their use should be for the greater public interest. This means that the media broadcasting services must perform the function of provision of information for public health. The information is varied, ranging from news, entertainment, science, etc. The healthy function of information services, as set out in Act No. 32 of 2002,
225-430: The state or social partners to endorse can be undertaken. The concept of the financier has been distinguished from that of a mere capitalist based on the asserted higher level of judgment required of the financier. However, financiers have also been mocked for their perceived tendency to generate wealth at the expense of others, and without engaging in tangible labor. For example, humorist George Helgesen Fitch described
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