Đồng Dương was the capital city of the kingdom of Champa from 875 AD until 982, or until 12th century AD. It was built and ruled under the reign of Buddhist king Indravarman II (r. 875-890) and some of his successors belonging to the Bhrgu dynasty in Đồng Dương. The word Indrapura means "City of Indra " in Sanskrit , Indra being the Hindu God of Storm and War, and King of the Gods in the Rig Veda .
31-662: [REDACTED] Look up इन्द्रप्रस्थ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Indrapura may refer to: Indrapura (Champa) , capital city of the Champa Kingdom in the 9th century A.D. the old name of Pahang , a state in Malaysia Siak Sri Indrapura , a town in Riau province of Indonesia, former capital of subsequent Islamic kingdoms and sultanates
62-576: A substantial amount of disciples. He was thought to have founded Trúc Lâm , the only indigenous Zen Buddhist sect in Vietnam . In addition, he travelled across the nation to teach Zen practices to monks and encourage his subjects to follow the Ten Good Acts theory ( Daśakuśalakarmāṇi ). In 1301, he visited Champa , and lived for nine months at Jaya Sinhavarman III 's court. In 1306, he gave his daughter, Princess Huyen Tran , in marriage to
93-517: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Indrapura (Champa) The name "Indrapura" (the modern toponym is "Đồng Dương") was translated in Chinese and Vietnamese sources as Fóshì/Phật Thệ (Chinese: 佛逝) or Fóshìchéng (Chinese: 佛逝城, lit. 'the City of Indra' or 'the city of Buddha'). Previous generations of scholars had posited that "Fóshì"
124-771: The Khmer empire in the West, posed new threats to Champa. A war between Champa and the Khmer empire in 945, and another with Đại Cồ Việt under the Early Lê dynasty in 979, together weakened Champa. In 982, King of the Đại Việt, Lê Hoàn , led armies to sack a city in Northern Champa (Quảng Bình) in the Cham–Vietnamese War (982) , killing the Cham king Paramesvaravarman I . His successor retreated 700 li (300 km/186 mi) to
155-552: The era name to Thiệu Bảo ( 紹 寶 , 1278–1285), during his reign, the emperor had one more era name which was Trùng Hưng ( 重 興 , 1285–1293). Although passing the throne to his son, Thánh Tông continued to co-rule the country with Nhân Tông from 1279 to his death in 1290. In 1279, the Yuan dynasty won a decisive victory over the Song dynasty in Battle of Yamen which marked
186-575: The Battle of Đà Mạc while defending the two emperors. In the southern border, Quang Khải had to retreat under pressure from Sogetu's navy and the defection of the governor of Nghệ An. The critical situation began to change with the dynasty's victory in the Battle of Hàm Tử in April 1285 where troops commanded by Trần Nhật Duật , Prince Chiêu Thành, Quốc Toản and Nguyễn Khoái were finally able to defeat Sogetu's fleet. On 10 May 1285, Quang Khải fought in
217-453: The Trần dynasty and passed the throne to him on 3 March 1293. Nhân Tông would then spend more time in seeking spiritual awakening. In 1295, he was ordained as Buddhist monk . In 1299, he came to the mountain of Yên Tử in modern-day Quảng Ninh, where he vowed to follow the ten ascetic practices as a Buddha 's student. He also established a monastery, teaching about Buddhist principles and receiving
248-540: The Trần dynasty by the name "Ả Trần" ("the woman named Trần") meaning that Trần Ích Tắc would be known as a "coward as a woman". The Retired Emperor Thánh Tông died on 25 May 1290 at the age of 50. As the sole ruler of Đại Việt, Nhân Tông ordered to relax the taxing policy, relieving the poor and postponing the military campaign against Ai Lao so that the country could recover after two fierce wars, several famines and natural disasters. On 3 February 1292, Nhân Tông entitled his first son Trần Thuyên as Crown Prince of
279-477: The Trần dynasty defected to the Yuan, this included Thánh Tông's own brother, Prince Chiêu Quốc (also known as Trần Ích Tắc ) and Trần Kiện who was son of Prince Tĩnh Quốc (also known as Trần Quốc Khang ). For the safety of Thánh Tông and Nhân Tông's retreat, Princess An Tư was offered as a gift and diversion for prince Toghan while Marquis Bảo Nghĩa (also known as Trần Bình Trọng ) was captured and later killed in
310-520: The Yuan's military campaign. This invasion ended after only one year due to a disastrous defeat of the Yuan navy in the Battle of Bạch Đằng on 8 March 1288. Besides Quốc Tuấn, other notable generals of the Trần dynasty during this time were Prince Nhân Huệ (also known as Trần Khánh Dư ) who destroyed the logistics convoy of the Yuan navy in the Battle of Vân Đồn . Another was general Phạm Ngũ Lão who took charge of ambushing prince Toghan's retreating troops. In rewarding generals and mandarins after
341-794: The ancient name of Indore , the largest city and the commercial capital of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh Indrapura (Khmer) , the first capital city of Khmer king Jayavarman II Indrapura (play) , a 2006 play An old name of Mount Kerinci , a volcano on Sumatra Indrapura (bug) , a genus of bugs in the subfamily Pentatominae See also [ edit ] Indrapur (disambiguation) Indrapuri , Madhya Pradesh, India Indrapuri, Patna , Bihar, India Indrapuri Barrage , Bihar, India Indrapuri Studio , Kolkata, India Indrapuri railway station , Delhi India Indraprastha , ancient Indian city in Delhi Topics referred to by
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#1732772245101372-531: The city of Indrapura. In 983, a Vietnamese named Lưu Kế Tông (Liu Jizong) dethroned the ruling king of Champa, and in 986 he proclaimed himself king of Champa, while sending envoy to Song China to find recognition, and his story was recorded in the History of the Song dynasty ( Song Shi ) and Song Huiyao Jigao . Many Chams fled to China's Hainan Island . In 988, the new king of Champa, Harivarman II , who
403-497: The country. Trần Nhân Tông was born on 11 November 1258 as Trần Khâm, the first son of Emperor Trần Thánh Tông , who had ceded the throne by Trần Thái Tông for only eight months, and Empress Thiên Cảm Trần Thị Thiều. It was said that the newborn Trần Khâm was so becoming in appearance that his grandfather Thái Tông and father Thánh Tông named him as Kim Tiên đồng tử (Pupil of the Heavenly Kim Tiên). Prince Trần Khâm
434-471: The crown prince's professor with two famous scholars Nguyễn Sĩ Cố and Nguyễn Thánh Huấn as assistants. The Emperor himself also composed poems and a literary work named Di hậu lục to educate prince Trần Khâm. On 8 November 1278, Thánh Tông decided to cede the throne to the Crown Prince Trần Khâm, now Trần Nhân Tông, and held the title Emperor Emeritus. After the coronation, Nhân Tông changed
465-492: The decisive Battle of Chương Dương where Sogetu's navy was almost destroyed and the war turned in the favour of the Trần dynasty. Ten days after Sogetu was killed, Nhân Tông and Thánh Tông returned to the capital Thăng Long on 6 June 1285. In March 1287, the Yuan dynasty launched their third invasion of Đại Việt. Unlike the second attack, this time Quốc Tuấn affirmed with the Emperor that Đại Việt's army could easily break
496-415: The end of the Song dynasty and the total control of Kublai Khan over China. As a result, Kublai Khan began his conquest over the southern regions such as Đại Việt and Champa . Being aware of the situation, Thánh Tông and Nhân Tông began to prepare the country for the war while trying to keep a flexible policy with the Yuan dynasty. Prince Chiêu Văn (also known as Trần Nhật Duật ) was appointed to pacify
527-456: The late 1980s and 1990s. In recent decades, Indrapura/Đồng Dương has been re-excavated, revealing new insights about the city during its magnificence. Modern-day vestiges of Indrapura/Đồng Dương are barely recognizable: eroded citadel; the royal palace area; watch towers; ruins of the Monastery; paved roads, bridges, and sewer system. It was a highly organized, well-urbanized city. Except for
558-455: The remaining temples and shrines, most buildings in medieval Indrapura might have been constructed with wooden materials such as logs or bamboo. Tr%E1%BA%A7n Nh%C3%A2n T%C3%B4ng Trần Nhân Tông (7 December 1258–16 December 1308), personal name Trần Khâm , temple name Nhân Tông , was the third emperor of the Trần dynasty , reigning over Đại Việt from 1278 to 1293. After ceding
589-629: The revolt led by Trịnh Giác Mật in Đà Giang . He tried by diplomacy to keep the country stable before the war. With his knowledge of a minority people's language and culture, he successfully accomplished his task in 1278, so now the country was free to deal with the threat from the North. In October 1282, the Retired Emperor Thánh Tông and the Emperor Nhân Tông gathered all members of the royal family, and officials in
620-596: The royal court in Bình Than to discuss the unavoidable war. Two prominent generals of Đại Việt's army were called Trần Khánh Dư , former commander of the army but was deprived of all titles and Trần Quốc Tuấn , who would later be called Prince Hưng Đạo. In 1283 Quốc Tuấn was appointed as commander-in-chief (Quốc công tiết chế) of the army while the Retired Emperor and the Emperor began to hold military exercises with their generals and troops. In December 1284,
651-513: The same Indrapura dynasty in modern-day Quảng Bình. Early scholarship misinterpretation had failed to recognize the fact that 'Foshi' in both Chinese and Vietnamese sources was indeed Indrapura, not Vijaya. Michael Vickery suggests it was likely an ostensibly endeavor of colonial-era scholars to link Chinese eponym Foshi with Southeast Asian Vijaya to solder the existence of the posited Srivijaya empire (rediscovered in 1911) which located in modern-day Indonesia . The possession of Champa power
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#1732772245101682-454: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Indrapura . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indrapura&oldid=1218534230 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
713-656: The second Yuan's invasion of Đại Việt commenced under the command of Kublai Khan's prince Toghan . Đại Việt was attacked in two directions, Toghan himself conducted the infantry and invaded from the north while the Yuan navy (under general Sogetu ) advanced from the southern border through Champa 's territory. In the beginning of the war, Thánh Tông and Nhân Tông had to call for retreat when Prince Chiêu Minh (also known as Trần Quang Khải ) who commanded troops, were trying to stop Sogetu's fleet in Nghệ An Province . During this time, several high-ranking officials and members of
744-502: The throne to his son Trần Anh Tông , Nhân Tông held the title Emperor Emeritus (Vietnamese: Thái thượng hoàng ) from 1294 to his death in 1308. During the second and third Mongol invasions of Đại Việt, the Emperor Nhân Tông and his father the Emperor Emeritus Thánh Tông were credited with the decisive victory against the Yuan dynasty and would thenceforth establish a long period of peace and prosperity over
775-405: The victory, Thánh Tông and Nhân Tông cautioned them of the northern border. As to the defectors during the war, the Emperor issued an order in which the family name of every defected member of the Trần clan was changed to Mai, for example Trần Kiện was renamed as Mai Kiện. The only defected prince of the Trần clan, Trần Ích Tắc, was exempted from this order but he was called in historical accounts of
806-624: Was a transcription of Vijaya (Chinese: 尸唎皮奈; pinyin: Shīlì Pínài ; Vietnamese: Thị Lợi Bi Nai ; alternate: Chà Bàn ). The city was built around 875 CE by Indravarman II , a Cham Buddhist king who also was the founder the Bhrgu dynasty of Champa . Under the Bhrgu dynasty, Indrapura was made the prime capital of Champa for around a century. Indravarman II took the construction of a Mahayana Buddhist temple complex named Lasmindra Lokesvara at Indrapura. The dynasty also left many spatial Buddhist temples around Indrapura. A high-ranking Cham court official
837-464: Was entitled as Crown Prince of the Trần dynasty in December 1274, he had a younger brother, Prince Tá Thiên (also known as Trần Đức Việp) who was born in 1265 and an elder sister, Princess Thiên Thụy, who would die on the same day as her brother Nhân Tông. Always concerned with the education of his son, in 1274, Thánh Tông appointed the prominent mandarin and general Lê Phụ Trần in the position of
868-406: Was known for Buddhist pilgrimage travel from Indrapura to Java Island around 911–912. Buddhist temples extended as far north as Quảng Bình and across northern Champa. This led the 13th century Vietnamese king Trần Nhân Tông , a Buddhist devotee, to travel to Champa for nine months during which he visited Buddhist sacred sites. The rise of two neighboring powers, Đại Cồ Việt in the north and
899-473: Was once in Cham territory, or had been belonged to the Principality of Foshi [Indrapura]. There was no proof that yāï po ku vijaya śrī Harivarman (r. 989–997), who was elected by the Cham to overthrow Lưu Kế Tông , had ever moved the capital south to Bình Ðịnh. These historical accounts could be seen as evidence that a Vietnamese attack in 982 not on Indrapura, but on a city ruled by a minor king from
930-454: Was referred to in Chinese sources (in the Song Shi and SHYJG ) as Yángtuópái (楊陀排), sent an envoy to the Song dynasty . The Song Shi reports that a Cham envoy in 1007 reported that "my country was formerly subject to Jiaozhou, then we fled to Foshi [Indrapura], 700 li south of our former location." The Vietnamese chronicle Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục relates that Huế
961-607: Was then transferred to the hand to Vijaya in Binh Dinh by the 12th century. Dong Duong and My Son were struck by USAF carpet bombs in August 1969, leaving both historic sites in ruins of bricks. Đồng Dương and surrounding sites during the height of the war were hotspots of the NLF (Vietcong) activities and bunkers. After the war as Champa sites throughout South Vietnam had received massive destructions, research on Champa resumed in