Ingrid Christensen (10 October 1891 – 18 June 1976) was an early polar explorer. She was known as the first woman to view Antarctica and land on the Antarctic mainland.
74-468: Christensen (née Dahl) was the daughter of Alfhild Freng Dahl and wholesaler and ship owner Thor Dahl, who was at the time one of the largest merchants in Sandefjord , Norway. The Norwegian Antarctic historian Hans Bogen described her in 1955: “Ingrid Dahl was exactly what in our time we call a kjekk og frisk jente (a Norwegian expression meaning a girl who could be at once one of the boys, then one of
148-534: A Norwegian ship, who were probably Christensen and Wegger, during his BANZARE expedition . He wired back to the Australian media: "...much astonishment was excited by the dramatic appearance on their decks of two women attired in the modes of civilisation. Theirs is a unique experience, for they can make much merit of the fact that they are, perhaps, the first of their sex to visit Antarctica". In 1933, Christensen sailed with Lillemor (Ingebjørg) Rachlew , who kept
222-589: A book, Deutsche Fibel . They were also given a copy of Adolf Hitler's book Mein Kampf translated into the Norwegian language. German forces constructed two coastal forts in Sandefjord, located at the southern tips of two local peninsulas: Vesterøya and Østerøya . The largest German construction in Sandefjord took place at Folehavna , where a fortress was erected in the spring of 1941. Four cannons with
296-612: A diary and took photographs, which appeared in Lars Christensen's book even though no landing was possible. Christensen sailed south for the third time in 1933–34 with Ingebjørg Dedichen. They again did not manage a landing, though circumnavigated almost the entire continent. In 1934/35 Danish-born Caroline Mikkelsen , wife of Captain Klarius Mikkelsen, sailed to Antarctica and landed on the Tryne Islands on
370-408: A given day. The likelihood of snow falling is highest in late January and the season in which it is likely to snowfall spans from early November until early April. The coldest day of the year in Sandefjord is 4 February, with an average low temperature of −6 °C (21 °F) and average high of only −1 °C (30 °F). Sandefjord Municipality includes several larger urban areas in addition to
444-757: A municipal reform by the Solberg Cabinet . The "new" municipality became the most populous in Vestfold county. Proposed names for the "new" municipality were Gokstad , Sandar , and Torp , however, the name Sandefjord was ultimately kept. A poll conducted by the Sandefjords Blad newspaper in January 2015 called 600 residents in Andebu, 750 in Stokke, and 1,000 in Sandefjord. All were given
518-429: A nationwide municipal reform. This merger was the first one to take place during the reform. The name Sandefjord was first mentioned in chapter 169 of Sverris saga from the year 1200. It was then referring to the fjord which is now known as Sandefjordsfjord . The municipality (originally the city of Sandefjord) is named after the local fjord, now called Sandefjordsfjorden since the city of Sandefjord grew up at
592-483: A number of seamen. Håkon Andersen of Framnes was killed onboard Arcturus when the ship was attacked by British Beaufighters . Albert K. J. Skålsvik (1921–1944) of Krokemoa, a member of the Norwegian Homefleet ("Hjemmeflåten"), was 18 years when the war broke out. Skålsvik was killed, along with the captain, when the ship DS Kong Bjørn was attacked by allied warplanes by Ryvingen Lighthouse in 1944. He
666-862: A number of smaller skerries and islets. There were two natural lakes in Sandefjord prior to the 2017 merger: Goksjø , which is the third-largest in Vestfold County, and the smaller 2,000-square-metre (22,000 sq ft) lake Napperødtjern. Napperødtjern lies a few hundred meters north of Goksjø and is a nature preserve surrounded by swamp forests and wetland. Artificial ponds include Bugårdsdammen , Brydedammen , Virikdammen, Kroksjø, Veradammen, Svarttjern, and others. Local wildlife such as moose, deer, and avifauna can often be observed near freshwater lakes and rivers. Sandefjord has four fjords: Sandefjordsfjord , Lahellefjord , Mefjord , and Tønsbergfjord , which it shares with neighboring Tønsberg and Færder municipalities. The highest point in
740-423: A seaport defined by the twin industries of shipping and shipbuilding throughout the 1600s and 1700s. It was formally recognized as a market town ( kjøpstad ) by King Oscar in 1845. Its population at the time was 749 residents. The city of Sandefjord became known as a world-renowned health resort destination between 1837 and 1939. Royalty and Prime Ministers from throughout Europe visited the town for its spas in
814-550: A small group of municipalities in the Hardanger region of Western Norway still use the name herad such as Voss herad , Ulvik herad , and Kvam herad . Ullensvang Municipality used the name herad until 2020. Norway also has some municipalities that are bilingual or trilingual due to the presence of many native Sami people living there. In Northern Sámi , there are two words for a municipality: suohkan and gielda . Both are loan words from Scandinavian languages,
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#1732797321429888-439: A target range of 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) were installed at the site, along with a 120-metre (390 ft) tunnel. The four 15-centimetre (5.9 in) cannons were installed in concrete gun pits on the sloping rocks. German construction also took place by the lake Goksjø , and also at Jernbaneallén, where a former garage structure was turned into a prison camp. Many local residents were killed during World War II, including
962-467: A total coastline of 146 kilometres (91 mi), and form the Sandefjordsfjorden and Mefjorden . The coastline offers a wide variety of sandy beaches, skerries , and islets , along with bays and sloping rocks. Forested areas are often laced with paths and lighted for trails for summer hikes and winter skiing. Of Sandefjord's total area, 37.7 square kilometres (14.6 sq mi) (31%)
1036-426: A variety of other shops were destroyed. The fire started in the factory Nordmannen . The fire caused the loss of 51 buildings for a total value of 1.5 million kr in addition to 1 million kr in loss of store items. Sandefjord Church (built in 1872) also burnt down during the town fire of 1900. A new town fire on 27–28 March 1915 led to the death of two people and destroyed seven farms. Large parts of
1110-407: Is " Or , a Viking ship sable with a sail paly gules and argent under a whale embowed " . This means the arms have a field (background) has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The arms usually showed a mural crown over the shield. The charge is a Viking ship with a red and white striped sail with an arched whale over
1184-434: Is agricultural and 36.2 square kilometres (14.0 sq mi) (26%) is forest. About 2 percent is made up of lakes and rivers. Sandefjord is located east of Larvik Municipality , west of Færder Municipality , and southwest of Tønsberg Municipality . The coastal municipality includes about 124 islands. Small island bays give shelter for overnight campers, and many islets have relatively accessible beaches. Sandefjord
1258-428: Is also known as the "whaling capital of the world." It has also been dubbed the "Bathing City" (Badebyen), due to its many beaches and former resort spas. It is still considered a resort town, due to high numbers of visitors during summer months. Sandefjord has become a transportation hub, home of Torp Airport , one of Norway's largest airports. Daily ferry connections to Sweden are provided by Color Line from
1332-483: Is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. Law enforcement and church services are provided at a national level in Norway. Municipalities are undergoing continuous change by dividing, consolidating, and adjusting boundaries. In 1930, there were 747 municipalities in Norway. As of 2024, there are 357 municipalities. See
1406-441: Is home to several peninsulas, including the 12-square-kilometre (4.6 sq mi) Vesterøya , the 8-square-kilometre (3.1 sq mi) Østerøya , the 1-square-kilometre (0.39 sq mi) Engø , Marøy, and Årø. The island of Langøya (Langø) is the largest island at 0.55 square kilometres (140 acres), while other islands include the 0.4-square-kilometre (99-acre) Ravnø, the 0.25-square-kilometre (62-acre) Skogøy/Storøya,
1480-512: Is loaned from the French word commune , which ultimately derives from Latin word communia , communis ("common"). The Kven equivalent is kommuuni . Historically, the word herred ( Bokmål ) or herad ( Nynorsk ) was used in Norway as the name for municipalities. That word derived from the old hundred that was used all over northern Europe. Since the 1960s, that name has fallen out of use across Norway, although
1554-458: Is made out of metal, then gold is used. The charge is a whaler with a harpoon standing on a boat that is coming out of the base of the shield. The arms show part of a local whale hunting monument to symbolize the historical importance of whaling . The arms were designed by Erik Raastad from Sandefjord who called the design "courage and strength". There were also minor modification done by the heraldic expert Jan Eide from Oslo. The municipal flag has
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#17327973214291628-583: Is named Sandefjord Cove in honor of Larsen's hometown. Sandefjord Ice Bay in continental Antarctica is also named after Sandefjord. Mount Nils Larsen in Queen Maud Land , Mount Nils in Enderby Land and Nils Larsen Glacier are examples of many geographical names given in honor of Nils Larsen. A week after Operation Weserübung , German forces entered Sandefjord on 16 April 1940. About 30-40 men arrived in semi-trucks from Horten under
1702-664: Is now commemorated at the Hall of Remembrance in the town of Stavern in neighborin Larvik Municipality . Skålsvik's younger brother, Bernard, was also a part of the Homefleet and was killed at age 17 in 1945. Radios were illegal, and people of Sandefjord such as Henry Melby of Gokstad was arrested for having a radio in 1942. He was incarcerated at the tanker Inger Johanne , which was attacked by allied warplanes in 1944, killing 15 people, including Henry Melby. In
1776-566: Is symbolically right that it should be she who, from an aircraft threw down the Norwegian flag." For her contribution to Norway's cause in America during the war and for her public efforts, Christensen received Norway's Knighthood, First Class, Order of St Olav , in 1946. Ingrid Christensen Coast in East Antarctica was discovered and named by Klarius Mikkelsen in 1935. Christensen's four journeys to Antarctica were fictionalised in
1850-470: Is that municipalities should only merge voluntarily, and studies are underway to identify potential gains. There are two different writing standards in Norway: Bokmål and Nynorsk . Norwegian municipalities are named kommuner ( Bokmål ) or kommunar ( Nynorsk ) (plural) or kommune (the singular form is the same in both Bokmål and Nynorsk). The Norwegian word kommune
1924-438: Is the 233rd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sandefjord is the most populous municipality in Vestfold and the 14th most populous municipality in Norway, with a population of 65,574. The municipality's population density is 158.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (410/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6.5% over the previous 10-year period. Sandefjord is known for its rich Viking history and
1998-410: Is the warmest month of the year in Sandefjord when temperatures often rise above 20 °C (68 °F). Sandefjord has a relatively humid continental climate ( Dfb ) with warm summers, no dry season, and relatively much precipitation year long. During the colder season, which is from the end of November until early March, there is a 56 percent average chance that precipitation will be observed during
2072-628: The Faroe Islands in 1894, which was located at Gjánoyri on the island of Streymoy . As of 1903, half of all whaling companies in the Faroe Islands were operated out of Sandefjord. Furthermore, Sandefjord was the headquarters of the South African Whaling Company (SAWC), which was established in 1908 and managed by shipowner Johan Bryde of Sandefjord. Sandefjordian whaling firms were also established on
2146-644: The Southern Ocean . In the 1910s, affluent resident August F. Christensen was given a grant to practice whaling outside Peru and Ecuador . He was also appointed Ecuador's consul to Norway. He achieved an agreement with Ecuadorian government officials which allowed Norwegians to inhabit the Galápagos Islands , and also receive 200 hectares (490 acres) of land, pay no taxes for ten years, and be allowed to keep their Norwegian citizenship. Christensen created huge local interest of Galápagos, and
2220-675: The city of Sandefjord (population: 45,816): List of municipalities of Norway Municipalities in Norway are the basic unit of local government. Norway is divided into 15 administrative regions, called counties . These counties are subdivided into 357 municipalities (as of 2024). The capital city Oslo is both a county and a municipality. Municipalities are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality
2294-510: The list of former municipalities of Norway for further details about municipal mergers. The consolidation effort has been underway since the work of the Schei Committee in the 1960s. This work has been complicated by a number of factors. Since block grants are made by the national government to the municipalities based on an assessment of need, there is little incentive for the municipalities to lose local autonomy. The national policy
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2368-416: The municipal council ( kommunestyre ). The mayor is the executive leader. The municipal council is the deliberative and legislative body of the municipality and it is the highest governing body in the municipality. The members of the municipal council are elected for a four-year term . A subdivision of the full council is the executive council ( formannskap ), composed of five members. Historically,
2442-516: The 0.2-square-kilometre (49-acre) Natholmen , the 0.13-square-kilometre (32-acre) Storholmen, the 0.1-square-kilometre (25-acre) Ormestadholmen, the 0.08-square-kilometre (20-acre) Grindholmen, and the 12-acre (0.049 km ) Granholmen . Despite its location in between Flautangen and Lindholmen (both part of Færder Municipality ) in the Tønsbergfjorden , the archipelago of Stauper belongs to Sandefjord. It consists of ten large islands and
2516-464: The 20 February 1935 and was, until recently, thought to be the first woman to land on Antarctica. However, since Mikkelsen landed on an Antarctic island, Christensen is considered the first woman to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. In 1936–37 Christensen made her fourth and final trip south, with daughter Augusta Sofie Christensen, Lillemor Rachlew , and Solveig Widerøe, the ‘four ladies’ for whom
2590-744: The 2013 novel Chasing the Light . Sandefjord Sandefjord ( Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈsɑ̂nːəfjuːr] ) is a municipality in Vestfold county, Norway . It is located in the traditional district of Vestfold . The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sandefjord . Other population centres in Sandefjord include Andebu , Fevang , Fokserød , Fossnes , Freberg , Hafallen , Helgerød , Himberg , Høyjord , Kodal , Lahelle , Melsomvik , Råstad , Solløkka , Stokke , Storevar , Strand , and Unneberg . The 422-square-kilometre (163 sq mi) municipality
2664-651: The Gokstad ship, called Gaia , currently has Sandefjord as home port. Other known replicas include the Munin , (a half scale replica) located in Vancouver, Canada. The Gokstad Ship, Norway's largest preserved Viking ship, was discovered during an excavation at Gokstad Mound in 1880. The Vikings first settled here due to its speedy route from Sandefjord and along the coast. Viking settlements and grave sites have been discovered in Sandefjord. Sandefjord functioned as
2738-479: The South Sandwich Islands . South Georgia Island lies a few thousand kilometers east of Cape Horn . Nils Larsen (1900–1976) was a sea captain from Sandefjord, famous for his expeditions of Antarctica in the early 20th century. It was under his expeditions that Norway achieved annexation of Bouvet Island in 1927 and Peter I Island two years after. A cove on Antarctica's Peter I Island
2812-463: The bath from 1837 to 1939. A majority of spa visitors were from Norway, but international guests from Germany, Britain , and the United States also visited the spas of Sandefjord. Today the bath's building, Kurbadet , has been restored and hosts cultural events and various annual activities. Sandefjord has experienced numerous town fires, including a town fire in 1800 which led to most of
2886-671: The city harbor. European Route E18 , one of Norway's main north–south highways, traverses the municipality. Sandefjord is a stronghold for the Conservative Party ; the Conservative coalition received over 70 percent of votes cast in 2011. Current mayor is Bjørn Ole Gleditsch from the Conservative Party, who has been mayor since 2004. The ladested of Sandefjord was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). In 1845,
2960-686: The coast of Africa, in Portugal , Mexico , Western Australia , among other places. Towards the beginning of World War I , Norwegian whaling spread throughout the world, most and foremost from Sandefjord. Expeditions from Sandefjord went as far as Norwegian Bay in Australia, Stewart Island in New Zealand, Walvis Bay in Namibia, Corral, Chile , and also isolated places such as Kerguelen Islands , South Georgia Island , Bouvet Island , and
3034-462: The excursions, Lars and Ingrid Christensen have been united in the undertaking—in thick and thin, in storm and bad weather, in good weather and joys. It is almost unique in the history of exploration that two persons have thus thriven for the same goal, kept the distant target in sight and never given up before achieving it... Ingrid Christensen’s part in the whole enterprise is not the smaller, by reason of her incredibly bold, fearless personality, and it
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3108-474: The fall of 1941, German occupation forces replaced Sandefjord's city manager Finn Sandberg with NS -member Frithjof Holtedahl who was soon appointed mayor. The neighboring Sandar Municipality received its NS mayor in November 1941, Ole Kristian Holtan. Olaf Bøe from Nasjonal Samling was appointed editor for Sandefjords Presse by Anders Beggerud in 1944. Following World War II, Norway became one of
3182-431: The first of which is related to the Norwegian words sokn and sogn (a parish). The second term is related to the Norwegian word gjeld ( prestegjeld ). Lule Sámi likewise has two words for municipalities: suohkan and giellda . The Southern Sámi word is tjïelte . Each municipality has its own governmental leaders: the mayor ( ordfører ( Bokmål ) or ordførar ( Nynorsk ) ) and
3256-556: The founding members of NATO and several air bases were constructed in Norway using NATO funds. One of these was Sandefjord Airport Torp , which was to be used by the United States Air Force in case of war. Construction began in 1953 and was completed in July 1956. The municipalities of Sandefjord (S), Andebu (A) and Stokke (S) merged on 1 January 2017. The merge was the first of numerous nationwide merges following
3330-481: The girls, without losing her femininity or charm). She was the natural leader of the girls in her age group because of her initiative, humour and fearlessness, qualities she has preserved unwaveringly to the present day”. Ingrid married Lars Christensen in 1910, uniting two of Sandefjord's most powerful ship owning families, and they had six children. Christensen made four trips to the Antarctic with her husband on
3404-474: The head of the fjord. The first element of the name comes from the old Sande farm ( Old Norse : Sandar ). The old farm name is the plural form of sandr which means " sand " or " sandbanks ". The last element comes from the word fjǫrðr which means " fjord ". Sandefjord has had two coats of arms over the course of its history. The original coat of arms was granted on 9 May 1914 and they were in use until 1 January 2017. The official blazon
3478-401: The ladested of Sandefjord was made a kjøpstad (giving it market town rights). On 1 January 1889, a part of the neighboring municipality of Sandeherred (population: 318) was transferred into Sandefjord. In 1931, an area of the neighboring municipality of Sandar (population: 66) was transferred into Sandefjord. In 1950, another area of the neighboring municipality of Sandar (population: 226)
3552-728: The largest population growth of any Norwegian town, and over twice the growth of other towns in Vestfold County. From 1875 to 1900, the disposable income of people from Sandefjord increased by over 200 percent. Total assets in local banks also increased, and in 1895–1900, total assets went from NOK 0.6 to 1.9 million in Aktiekreditbanken and from NOK 1.1 million to 1.3 million in Sandefjords Sparebank. Even after whaling lost its importance, Sandefjord remained Norway's richest city, and from 1913 to 1917,
3626-508: The late 1800s. It gained its reputation as a health and pleasure community when Sandefjord sulfur spa and resort ( Sandefjord Kurbad ) was established in 1837. It was the first spa in town and functioned as a medical institution focusing on the treatment of symptoms for rheumatic diseases. The original bathhouse has been restored and is now a culture house by the city center. It was one of Europe's most visited baths until its closure in 1939. Around 50,000 people, mostly Norwegians, visited
3700-470: The leadership of Erik von Drydalski. After handing their directives to Sandefjord police chief Kjartan Bruun Hansen, the men left for Hotel Atlantic, where they established their headquarters in Sandefjord. German troops in Sandefjord soon rose to 200. At the beginning of the German occupation of Norway , a German Hafenkapitän ( harbormaster ) was placed at Tollboden, and a representative for Admiral Norwegen
3774-573: The local company La Colonia de Floreana A/S was established on 21 March 1925. Its main goal was to exploit the Norwegian fishing rights at the Galápagos Islands. A ship named Floreana departed from Sandefjord on 15 May 1925, equipped with enough men and goods to establish a colony. On 16 November 1904, Carl Anton Larsen of Sandefjord established the whaling community of Grytviken , the largest settlement in South Georgia and
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#17327973214293848-574: The median income increased by over 350 percent. Sandefjord is a coastal municipality on the western shore of the Oslo Fjord . It can be described as a suburb of Oslo , situated 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of the capital. Sandefjord is the largest municipality in Vestfold county. Its coastline has various beaches and sheltered coves, and several forests are scattered across the municipality. The two peninsulas called Østerøya ("East Island") and Vesterøya ("West Island") contribute to
3922-583: The memories of this important period of Sandefjord's history are kept alive at the Whaling Museum ( Hvalfangstmuseet ). This museum is the only museum in Europe specializing in whales and the history of whaling. The history of the whalers can also be explored at the Museum's Wharf with a visit aboard the whale-catcher Southern Actor . Whaling is considered to be the industry which made Sandefjord
3996-761: The most important remains from the Viking Age was found at the grave site Gokstadhaugen (Gokstad Mound) in Sandefjord. The Gokstad ship was excavated by Nicolay Nicolaysen and is now in the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo . The Viking , an exact replica of the Gokstad ship, crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Bergen to be exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. A replica of
4070-542: The municipality is Brånafjell at 398.9 metres (1,309 ft), which lies northwest of the village of Høyjord . Hjertås at 148 metres (486 ft) above sea level is the highest point within the city of Sandefjord . From the peak are surrounding views of the Oslofjord , Vealøs by Skien , Skrim and Torp . The climate of the entirety of Norway is extremely affected by the Gulf Stream . Were it not for
4144-495: The nearby international airport. About 78 percent of Stokke residents ultimately voted to merge into Sandefjord during the September 2015 elections. The municipality experienced a 98.6 percent population growth from 1875 to 1900. Even not including the boundary adjustments between the municipalities of Sandar and Sandefjord in 1888, this population increase was substantially higher than most Norwegian cities. Sandar experienced
4218-448: The prosperous whaling industry, which made Sandefjord the richest city in Norway. Today, it has built up the third-largest merchant fleet in Norway. Sandefjord Museum is the only museum in Europe dedicated to whaling, and is home to Gokstad Mound where the 9th-century Gokstad Ship was discovered. Sandefjord has numerous nicknames, including the whaling "capital" of Norway or as the undisputed summer city of Norway . Sandefjord
4292-487: The question "Do you think Stokke, Andebu, and Sandefjord should establish one single municipality?". About 69% of Sandefjord residents answered "yes", while 64% (Andebu) and 61% (Stokke) answered "yes" in Stokke and Andebu. Few Stokke residents read Sandefjords Blad , the main newspaper of Sandefjord, and relatively few residents commute to the city of Sandefjord for work. Despite this, Stokke residents voted to merge with Sandefjord due to two key features: its wealth and
4366-408: The richest city in Norway. Sandefjord also has shipping traditions of tall sailing ships and steam ships. The full-rigged sailing ship Christian Radich , three-masted barquentine Endurance , whale catcher Jason and Viking ship replica Viking were some of the many ships built by Framnæs Mekaniske Værksted . Hans Albert Grøn of Sandefjord established the first whaling station in
4440-681: The same design as the coat of arms. Sandefjord has been inhabited for thousands of years. Excavations indicate that people have inhabited Sandefjord for around 3,000 years. Rock carvings at Haugen farm by Istrehågan in Jåberg are dated to 1,500–500 BCE. Haugen farm is home to Vestfold county's largest petroglyph site. In 1961–1962, 78 rock carvings were discovered at the site. They consist of ships, spiral figures, circular hollows, and much more. The Vikings lived in Sandefjord and surrounding areas about 1,000 years ago, and numerous Viking artifacts and monuments can be found in Sandefjord. One of
4514-402: The ship Thorshavn in the 1930s, becoming the first woman to see Antarctica, the first to fly over it, and—arguably—the first woman to land on the Antarctic mainland. In 1931, Christensen sailed with Mathilde Wegger. The expedition sighted and named Bjerkö Head on 5 February 1931, making Christensen and Wegger the first women to see Antarctica. Douglas Mawson reported spotting two women aboard
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#17327973214294588-427: The street Storgata were also destroyed. Sandefjord is perhaps best known as a whaling community. The centre of the world's modern whaling industry was located in town, and local residents not only made up practically all the crew on the Norwegian whaling fleet, but substantial numbers of them also worked within the whaling industry in nearby countries. For over fifty years in the late 1800s, Sandefjord functioned as
4662-569: The summer months. Warm breezes from the Skagerrak cause a mild climate, and Sandefjord experiences the highest annual number of cloud-free days in Norway. The climate is relatively mild for its latitude. Fields become green in early May, but the air remains slightly cold. The summer seldom begins before the end of May, when temperatures often rapidly increase. The whole month of June and most of July experience little darkness during night and songbirds are silent for only 2–3 hours at most. July
4736-430: The top. The Viking ship symbolizes the famous Gokstad ship , which was found in Sandefjord in 1880, one of the best preserved Viking ships known. The whale symbolizes that in the late 19th and early 20th century, Sandefjord was a main home port for whalers operating in the southern oceans. The arms were designed by Andreas Bloch . The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms. The current coat of arms
4810-534: The town burning down and subsequently having to be rebuilt. An additional fire in 1900 destroyed 56 houses and caused major damage. Sandefjord's ships and the shipping industry remained untouched from the major fire of March 1900. The fire, which started on the night before 16 March 1900, led to the entire city center burning down, including important business offices. Both newspapers in town, Sandefjords Blad and Vestfold , saw their offices burnt down. Six jewelry stores, three watchmakers, eight grocery stores, and
4884-527: The underwater Four Ladies Bank was named during the voyage. Christensen flew over the mainland, becoming the first woman to see Antarctica from the air. On 30 January 1937, Lars Christensen's diary records that Ingrid Christensen landed at Scullin Monolith , becoming the first woman to set foot on the Antarctic mainland, followed by the other three of the 'four ladies'. In 1998 and 2002, polar researchers investigated Caroline Mikkelsen's landing and concluded it
4958-587: The warming effects of the Gulf Stream, coastal cities along the Oslo Fjord would be up to 4 °C (39 °F) colder. This means that the climate, the summers especially, are warmer than in other regions at the same latitude, i.e. the State of Alaska or Siberia . Sandefjord has a higher latitude than Juneau, Alaska ; Sandefjord is at 59°08′N, while the capital of Alaska is at 58°18′N. Sandefjord experiences more sun than any other Norwegian municipality during
5032-485: The whalers, but from the mid-1950s whaling was gradually reduced. The number of southbound expeditions rapidly decreased during the 1960s, and the 1967–1968 season became the last for Sandefjord. In 1971, Sandefjord's last whale processing vessel was sold to Japan . The shipping industry was gradually readjusted from whaling to other ship types during this period. The local Framnæs Mekaniske Værksted and Jotun Group Private Ltd. had major roles in this business. Today,
5106-434: The world center for the whaling industry, including the manufacture and equipment of whaling vessels, floating factories, and whale-catchers. Sandefjord has also been named the "whaling capital of the world." There were 25 whaling companies that were established in Sandefjord between 1905 and 1914. During the 1911–1912 season, Sandefjord had 27 whaling companies with a total of 115 vessels. This made up over 30 percent of
5180-550: The world's whaling firms. Starting in 1850, a number of ships from Sandefjord were whaling and sealing in the Arctic Ocean and along the coast of Finnmark . The first whaling expedition from Sandefjord to the Antarctic Ocean was sent in 1905. Towards the end of the 1920s, Sandefjord had a fleet of 15 factory ships and more than 90 whalers. In 1954, more than 2,800 men from the district were hired as crew on
5254-427: Was approved for use starting on 1 January 2017, after the merger of Andebu , Stokke , and Sandefjord. The official blazon is " Or , a whaler with raised harpoon on a boat issuant from the base sable " ( Norwegian : I gull i en oppvoksende båt en hvalfanger med hevet harpun, alt i svart ). This means the arms have a field (background) has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it
5328-579: Was on the Tryne Islands, rather than the Antarctic mainland. Other research confirmed Christensen was the first to disembark on Scullin Monolith on 30 January 1937, making her the first woman to step on the Antarctic mainland. Christensen played a major role in her husband's Antarctic expeditions. Archaeologist Waldemar Brøgger , wrote in the cover story of the inaugural issue of the Norwegian magazine Verden I Bilder (The World in Pictures): "In all
5402-453: Was placed in an office building at Framnes verft . German soldiers could be seen marching throughout the city. At the beginning of the occupation, over 2,000 German officers visited Socitetsbygningen (today's Park Hotel ), which belonged to Sandefjord Spa . The Nazi flag was waving over the building during the visit. Norwegian students were told to learn the German language, and handed out
5476-453: Was transferred into Sandefjord. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee . On 1 January 1968 the municipality of Sandefjord (population: 6,242) was merged with the surrounding municipality of Sandar (population: 24,898), creating a much larger municipality of Sandefjord. On 1 January 2017, the rural municipalities of Andebu and Stokke were merged into Sandefjord as part of
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