68-660: [REDACTED] Look up inquirer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Inquirer or The Inquirer may refer to: The Inquirer , a British technology news website The Inquirer (Liberia) , a Liberian newspaper The Inquirer (Perth) a newspaper published in Perth, Western Australia, between 1840 and 1855 The Inquirer , a British Unitarianism magazine that has been published since 1842 The Philadelphia Inquirer , an American newspaper Philippine Daily Inquirer ,
136-467: A composite character based on American media barons William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer , Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick , as well as aspects of the screenwriters' own lives. Upon its release, Hearst prohibited any mention of the film in his newspapers. After the Broadway success of Welles's Mercury Theatre and the controversial 1938 radio broadcast " The War of
204-468: A Filipino newspaper Radyo Inquirer , its AM radio station The New York Daily Inquirer , a fictional newspaper in the film Citizen Kane The St. Louis Inquirer , a fictional newspaper in the film Citizen Kane The Indianapolis Daily Inquirer , a fictional newspaper in the film The Magnificent Ambersons The US Inquirer , an American newspaper See also [ edit ] Enquirer (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
272-411: A boy ever had". Welles signed his contract with RKO on August 21, which stipulated that Welles would act in, direct, produce and write two films. Mercury would get $ 100,000 for the first film by January 1, 1940, plus 20% of profits after RKO recouped $ 500,000, and $ 125,000 for a second film by January 1, 1941, plus 20% of profits after RKO recouped $ 500,000. The most controversial aspect of the contract
340-461: A fictional newspaper in the film Citizen Kane The Indianapolis Daily Inquirer , a fictional newspaper in the film The Magnificent Ambersons The US Inquirer , an American newspaper See also [ edit ] Enquirer (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Inquirer . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
408-785: A harsh, raspy tone. Other scenes shot in secret included those in which Thompson interviews Leland and Bernstein, which were also shot on sets built for other films. During production, the film was referred to as RKO 281 . Most of the filming took place in what is now Stage 19 on the Paramount Pictures lot in Hollywood. There was some location filming at Balboa Park in San Diego and the San Diego Zoo . Photographs of German-Jewish investment banker Otto Hermann Kahn 's real-life estate Oheka Castle were used to portray
476-413: A movie. RKO hired Toland on loan from Samuel Goldwyn Productions in the first week of June 1940. "And he never tried to impress us that he was doing any miracles," Welles recalled. "I was calling for things only a beginner would have been ignorant enough to think anybody could ever do, and there he was, doing them." Toland later explained that he wanted to work with Welles because he anticipated
544-444: A negative review of Susan's disastrous opera debut, Kane fired him but finished the negative review and printed it. Susan protested that she never wanted the opera career anyway, but Kane forced her to continue the season. Susan consents to an interview with Thompson and describes the aftermath of her opera career. She attempted suicide, and Kane finally allowed her to abandon singing. After many unhappy years living at Xanadu with Kane,
612-432: A newspaper published in Perth, Western Australia, between 1840 and 1855 The Inquirer , a British Unitarianism magazine that has been published since 1842 The Philadelphia Inquirer , an American newspaper Philippine Daily Inquirer , a Filipino newspaper Radyo Inquirer , its AM radio station The New York Daily Inquirer , a fictional newspaper in the film Citizen Kane The St. Louis Inquirer ,
680-458: A remarkable contract. RKO Pictures studio head George J. Schaefer wanted to work with Welles after the notorious broadcast, believing that Welles had a gift for attracting mass attention. RKO was also uncharacteristically profitable and was entering into a series of independent production contracts that would add more artistically prestigious films to its roster. Throughout the spring and early summer of 1939, Schaefer constantly tried to lure
748-518: A small appearance as a reporter smoking a pipe at the end of the film. Hollywood had shown interest in Welles as early as 1936. He turned down three scripts sent to him by Warner Bros. In 1937, he declined offers from David O. Selznick , who asked him to head his film company's story department, and William Wyler , who wanted him for a supporting role in Wuthering Heights . "Although
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#1732772933737816-500: A time with more than 30 groups, and together we have seen, I believe, pretty much everything that is there on the screen. The more clearly I can see its physical manifestation, the more I am stirred by its mystery." In a mansion called Xanadu , part of a vast palatial estate in Florida , the elderly Charles Foster Kane is on his deathbed. Holding a snow globe , he utters his last word, "Rosebud", and dies. A newsreel obituary tells
884-416: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages inquirer [REDACTED] Look up inquirer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Inquirer or The Inquirer may refer to: The Inquirer , a British technology news website The Inquirer (Liberia) , a Liberian newspaper The Inquirer (Perth)
952-628: Is proud to introduce them." The cast is then listed in the following order, with Orson Welles ' credit for playing Charles Foster Kane appearing last: Additionally, Charles Bennett appears as the entertainer at the head of the chorus line in the Inquirer party sequence, and cinematographer Gregg Toland makes a cameo appearance as an interviewer depicted in part of the News on the March newsreel. Actor Alan Ladd , still unknown at that time, makes
1020-598: The Screen Writers Guild and claim full credit for writing the entire script by himself. After lodging a protest with the Screen Writers Guild, Mankiewicz withdrew it, then vacillated. The question was resolved in January 1941 when the studio, RKO Pictures , awarded Mankiewicz credit. The guild credit form listed Welles first, Mankiewicz second. Welles's assistant Richard Wilson said that
1088-477: The right of final cut . Granting the final cut privilege was unprecedented for a studio because it placed artistic considerations over financial investment. The contract was deeply resented in the film industry, and the Hollywood press took every opportunity to mock RKO and Welles. Schaefer remained a great supporter and saw the unprecedented contract as good publicity. Film scholar Robert L. Carringer wrote: "The simple fact seems to be that Schaefer believed Welles
1156-494: The 1958 World Expo. The Library of Congress selected Citizen Kane as an inductee of the 1989 inaugural group of 25 films for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Roger Ebert wrote of it: "Its surface is as much fun as any movie ever made. Its depths surpass understanding. I have analyzed it a shot at
1224-510: The Air , which would be presented entirely through a first-person camera . After elaborate pre-production and a day of test shooting with a hand-held camera—unheard of at the time—the project never reached production because Welles was unable to trim $ 50,000 from its budget. Schaefer told Welles that the $ 500,000 budget could not be exceeded; as war loomed, revenue was declining sharply in Europe by
1292-448: The RKO executives who opposed him, Welles rehearsed scenes extensively before actually shooting and filmed very few takes of each shot set-up. Welles never shot master shots for any scene after Toland told him that Ford never shot them. To appease the increasingly curious press, Welles threw a cocktail party for selected reporters, promising that they could watch a scene being filmed. When
1360-542: The Worlds " on The Mercury Theatre on the Air , Welles was courted by Hollywood. He signed a contract with RKO Pictures in 1939. Although it was unusual for an untried director, he was given freedom to develop his own story, to use his own cast and crew, and to have final cut privilege . Following two abortive attempts to get a project off the ground, he wrote the screenplay for Citizen Kane , collaborating with Herman J. Mankiewicz. Principal photography took place in 1940,
1428-484: The Worlds" radio broadcast. Welles said that he would consider making the project but wanted to make a different film first. At this time he did not inform them that he had already begun filming Citizen Kane . The early footage was called "Orson Welles Tests" on all paperwork. The first "test" shot was the News on the March projection room scene, economically filmed in a real studio projection room in darkness that masked many actors who appeared in other roles later in
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#17327729337371496-589: The best journalists available to build the Inquirer ' s circulation. Kane rose to power by successfully manipulating public opinion regarding the Spanish–American War and marrying Emily Norton, the niece of the President of the United States. Thompson interviews Kane's estranged best friend, Jedediah Leland, in a retirement home . Leland says that Kane's marriage to Emily disintegrated over
1564-602: The cast members were already well known to the public. Cotten had recently become a Broadway star in the hit play The Philadelphia Story with Katharine Hepburn and Sloane was well known for his role on the radio show The Goldbergs . Mercury actor George Coulouris was a star of the stage in New York and London. Not all of the cast came from the Mercury Players. Welles cast Dorothy Comingore , an actress who played supporting parts in films since 1934 using
1632-516: The collection of script records—"almost a day-to-day record of the history of the scripting"—that was then still intact at RKO. He reviewed all seven drafts and concluded that "the full evidence reveals that Welles's contribution to the Citizen Kane script was not only substantial but definitive." Citizen Kane was a rare film in that its principal roles were played by actors new to motion pictures. Ten were billed as Mercury Actors, members of
1700-442: The crew informed Welles that he was infringing on Toland's responsibilities. During the first few weeks of June, Welles had lengthy discussions about the film with Toland and art director Perry Ferguson in the morning, and in the afternoon and evening he worked with actors and revised the script. On June 29, 1940—a Saturday morning when few inquisitive studio executives would be around—Welles began filming Citizen Kane . After
1768-450: The disappointment of having Heart of Darkness canceled, Welles followed Ferguson's suggestion and deceived RKO into believing that he was simply shooting camera tests . "But we were shooting the picture ," Welles said, "because we wanted to get started and be already into it before anybody knew about it." At the time RKO executives were pressuring him to agree to direct a film called The Men from Mars , to capitalize on "The War of
1836-455: The executives. When the executives would sometimes arrive on set unannounced the entire cast and crew would suddenly start playing softball until they left. Before official shooting began the executives intercepted all copies of the script and delayed their delivery to Welles. They had one copy sent to their office in New York, resulting in it being leaked to press. Principal shooting wrapped October 24. Welles then took several weeks away from
1904-738: The fall of 1939. He then started work on the idea that became Citizen Kane . Knowing the script would take time to prepare, Welles suggested to RKO that while that was being done—"so the year wouldn't be lost"—he make a humorous political thriller. Welles proposed The Smiler with a Knife , from a novel by Cecil Day-Lewis . When that project stalled in December 1939, Welles began brainstorming other story ideas with screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz , who had been writing Mercury radio scripts. "Arguing, inventing, discarding, these two powerful, headstrong, dazzlingly articulate personalities thrashed toward Kane ", wrote biographer Richard Meryman . One of
1972-457: The fictional Xanadu . In the end of July, RKO approved the film and Welles was allowed to officially begin shooting, despite having already been filming "tests" for several weeks. Welles leaked stories to newspaper reporters that the "tests" had been so good that there was no need to re-shoot them. The first "official" scene to be shot was the breakfast montage sequence between Kane and his first wife Emily. To strategically save money and appease
2040-522: The film for a lecture tour, during which he also scouted additional locations with Toland and Ferguson. Filming resumed November 15 with some re-shoots. Toland had to leave due to a commitment to shoot Howard Hughes ' The Outlaw , but Toland's camera crew continued working on the film and Toland was replaced by RKO cinematographer Harry J. Wild . The final day of shooting on November 30 was Kane's death scene. Welles boasted that he only went 21 days over his official shooting schedule, without factoring in
2108-548: The film. "At $ 809 Orson did run substantially beyond the test budget of $ 528—to create one of the most famous scenes in movie history," wrote Barton Whaley. The next scenes were the El Rancho nightclub scenes and the scene in which Susan attempts suicide. Welles later said that the nightclub set was available after another film had wrapped and that filming took 10 to 12 days to complete. For these scenes Welles had Comingore's throat sprayed with chemicals to give her voice
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2176-506: The film. Production advisor Miriam Geiger quickly compiled a handmade film textbook for Welles, a practical reference book of film techniques that he studied carefully. He then taught himself filmmaking by matching its visual vocabulary to The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari , which he ordered from the Museum of Modern Art, and films by Frank Capra , René Clair , Fritz Lang , King Vidor and Jean Renoir . The one film he genuinely studied
2244-618: The first draft screenplay under the supervision of John Houseman , Welles's former partner in the Mercury Theatre . Welles later explained, "I left him on his own finally, because we'd started to waste too much time haggling. So, after mutual agreements on storyline and character, Mank went off with Houseman and did his version, while I stayed in Hollywood and wrote mine." Taking these drafts, Welles drastically condensed and rearranged them, then added scenes of his own. The industry accused Welles of underplaying Mankiewicz's contribution to
2312-412: The first-time director's inexperience and reputation for audacious experimentation in the theater would allow the cinematographer to try new and innovative camera techniques that typical Hollywood films would never have allowed him to do. Unaware of filmmaking protocol, Welles adjusted the lights on set as he was accustomed to doing in the theater; Toland quietly re-balanced them, and was angry when one of
2380-629: The flue caught fire. "Orson was delighted with the commotion", he said. When "Rosebud" was burned, Welles choreographed the scene while he had composer Bernard Herrmann 's cue playing on the set. Unlike Schaefer, many members of RKO's board of governors did not like Welles or the control that his contract gave him. However such board members as Nelson Rockefeller and NBC chief David Sarnoff were sympathetic to Welles. Throughout production Welles had problems with these executives not respecting his contract's stipulation of non-interference and several spies arrived on set to report what they saw to
2448-436: The journalists arrived Welles told them they had "just finished" shooting for the day but still had the party. Welles told the press that he was ahead of schedule (without factoring in the month of "test shooting"), thus discrediting claims that after a year in Hollywood without making a film he was a failure in the film industry. Welles usually worked 16 to 18 hours a day on the film. He often began work at 4 a.m. since
2516-463: The life story of Kane, an enormously wealthy newspaper publisher and industry magnate. Kane's death becomes sensational news around the world, and the newsreel's producer tasks reporter Jerry Thompson with discovering the meaning of "Rosebud". Thompson sets out to interview Kane's friends and associates. He tries to approach Kane's second wife, Susan Alexander Kane, now an alcoholic who runs her nightclub, but she refuses to talk to him. Thompson goes to
2584-504: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inquirer&oldid=1245448576 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Citizen Kane Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film directed by, produced by, and starring Orson Welles . Welles and Herman J. Mankiewicz wrote
2652-523: The long-standing controversies about Citizen Kane has been the authorship of the screenplay. Welles conceived the project with screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz, who was writing radio plays for Welles's CBS Radio series, The Campbell Playhouse . Mankiewicz based the original outline on the life of William Randolph Hearst , whom he knew socially and came to hate after being exiled from Hearst's circle. In February 1940 Welles supplied Mankiewicz with 300 pages of notes and put him under contract to write
2720-545: The low-angle scene between Kane and Leland after Kane loses the election. For the final scene, a stage at the Selznick studio was equipped with a working furnace, and multiple takes were required to show the sled being put into the fire and the word "Rosebud" consumed. Paul Stewart recalled that on the ninth take the Culver City Fire Department arrived in full gear because the furnace had grown so hot
2788-507: The mansion's staff. They find a sled, the one on which eight-year-old Kane was playing on the day that he was taken from his home in Colorado, and throw it into a furnace with other items. Unknown to the staff, the sled's trade name, printed on top, becomes visible through the flames: "Rosebud". The beginning of the film's ending credits states that "Most of the principal actors in Citizen Kane are new to motion pictures. The Mercury Theatre
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2856-499: The name "Linda Winters", as Susan Alexander Kane. A discovery of Charlie Chaplin , Comingore was recommended to Welles by Chaplin, who then met Comingore at a party in Los Angeles and immediately cast her. Welles had met stage actress Ruth Warrick while visiting New York on a break from Hollywood and remembered her as a good fit for Emily Norton Kane, later saying that she looked the part. Warrick told Carringer that she
2924-414: The parents and Thatcher discussed arrangements inside the boarding house, the young Kane played happily with a sled in the snow outside. When Kane's parents introduced him to Thatcher, the boy struck Thatcher with his sled and attempted to run away. By the time Kane gained control of his trust at the age of 25, the mine's productivity and Thatcher's prudent investing had made Kane one of the richest men in
2992-464: The person who circled Mankiewicz's name in pencil, then drew an arrow that put it in first place, was Welles. The official credit reads, "Screenplay by Herman J. Mankiewicz and Orson Welles". Mankiewicz's rancor toward Welles grew over the remaining twelve years of his life. Questions over the authorship of the Citizen Kane screenplay were revived in 1971 by influential film critic Pauline Kael , whose controversial 50,000-word essay " Raising Kane "
3060-414: The possibility of making huge amounts of money in Hollywood greatly attracted him," wrote biographer Frank Brady, "he was still totally, hopelessly, insanely in love with the theater, and it is there that he had every intention of remaining to make his mark." Following the 1938 " The War of the Worlds " broadcast of his CBS radio series The Mercury Theatre on the Air , Welles was lured to Hollywood with
3128-404: The private archive of the late banker Walter Parks Thatcher. Through Thatcher's written memoirs, Thompson learns about Kane's rise from a Colorado boarding house and the decline of his fortune. In 1871, gold was discovered through a mining deed belonging to Kane's mother, Mary Kane. She hired Thatcher to establish a trust that would provide for Kane's education and assume guardianship of him. While
3196-400: The reluctant Welles to Hollywood. Welles was in financial trouble after failure of his plays Five Kings and The Green Goddess . At first he simply wanted to spend three months in Hollywood and earn enough money to pay his debts and fund his next theatrical season. Welles first arrived on July 20, 1939, and on his first tour, he called the movie studio "the greatest electric train set
3264-413: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Inquirer . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inquirer&oldid=1245448576 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3332-426: The same year its innovative trailer was shown, and the film was released in 1941. Although it was a critical success, Citizen Kane failed to recoup its costs at the box office. The film faded from view after its release, but it returned to public attention when it was praised by French critics such as André Bazin and re-released in 1956. In 1958, the film was voted number 9 on the prestigious Brussels 12 list at
3400-464: The scene in which Kane breaks up the furniture in Susan's bedroom. While shooting the scene in which Kane shouts at Gettys on the stairs of Susan Alexander's apartment building, Welles fell ten feet; an X-ray revealed two bone chips in his ankle. The injury required him to direct the film from a wheelchair for two weeks. He eventually wore a steel brace to resume performing on camera; it is visible in
3468-586: The screenplay. The picture was Welles's first feature film . Citizen Kane is frequently cited as the greatest film ever made. For 40 years (5 decennial polls: 1962, 1972, 1982, 1992 and 2002), it stood at number 1 in the British Film Institute 's Sight & Sound decennial poll of critics, and it topped the American Film Institute 's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list in 1998, as well as its 2007 update . The film
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#17327729337373536-413: The script, but Welles countered the attacks by saying, "At the end, naturally, I was the one making the picture, after all—who had to make the decisions. I used what I wanted of Mank's and, rightly or wrongly, kept what I liked of my own." The terms of the contract stated that Mankiewicz was to receive no credit for his work, as he was hired as a script doctor . Before he signed the contract Mankiewicz
3604-622: The skilled repertory company assembled by Welles for the stage and radio performances of the Mercury Theatre , an independent theater company he founded with Houseman in 1937. "He loved to use the Mercury players," wrote biographer Charles Higham, "and consequently he launched several of them on movie careers." The film represents the feature film debuts of William Alland , Ray Collins , Joseph Cotten , Agnes Moorehead , Erskine Sanford , Everett Sloane , Paul Stewart , and Welles himself. Despite never having appeared in feature films, some of
3672-500: The small part of the waiter at the El Rancho broke his heart. Corrado had appeared in many Hollywood films, often as a waiter, and Welles wanted all of the actors to be new to films. Other uncredited roles went to Thomas A. Curran as Teddy Roosevelt in the faux newsreel; Richard Baer as Hillman, a man at Madison Square Garden, and a man in the News on the March screening room; and Alan Ladd , Arthur O'Connell and Louise Currie as reporters at Xanadu. Ruth Warrick (died 2005)
3740-434: The special effects make-up used to age him for certain scenes took up to four hours to apply. Welles used this time to discuss the day's shooting with Toland and other crew members. The special contact lenses used to make Welles look elderly proved very painful, and a doctor was employed to place them into Welles's eyes. Welles had difficulty seeing clearly while wearing them, which caused him to badly cut his wrist when shooting
3808-536: The two had an argument that culminated in Kane slapping Susan. Susan decided to leave Kane. Kane's butler Raymond recounts that, after Susan moved out of Xanadu, Kane began violently destroying the contents of her former bedroom. When Kane discovered a snow globe, he calmed down and tearfully said "Rosebud". Thompson concludes that he cannot solve the mystery and that the meaning of Kane's last word will remain unknown. At Xanadu, Kane's belongings are cataloged or discarded by
3876-479: The world. Kane took control of the New York Inquirer newspaper and embarked on a career of yellow journalism , publishing scandalous articles that attacked Thatcher's (and his own) business interests. Kane sold his newspaper empire to Thatcher after the 1929 stock market crash left him short of cash. Thompson interviews Kane's personal business manager, Mr. Bernstein. Bernstein recalls that Kane hired
3944-538: The years, and he began an affair with amateur singer Susan Alexander while running for Governor of New York . Both his wife and his political opponent discovered the affair, and the public scandal ended his political career. Kane married Susan and forced her into a humiliating career as an opera singer (for which she had neither the talent nor the ambition). Kane arranged for a large opera house to be built in Chicago for Susan to perform in. After Leland began to write
4012-414: Was John Ford 's Stagecoach , which he watched 40 times. "As it turned out, the first day I ever walked onto a set was my first day as a director," Welles said. "I'd learned whatever I knew in the projection room—from Ford. After dinner every night for about a month, I'd run Stagecoach , often with some different technician or department head from the studio, and ask questions. 'How was this done?' 'Why
4080-836: Was commissioned as an introduction to the shooting script in The Citizen Kane Book , published in October 1971. The book-length essay first appeared in February 1971, in two consecutive issues of The New Yorker magazine. In the ensuing controversy, Welles was defended by colleagues, critics, biographers and scholars, but his reputation was damaged by its charges. The essay's thesis was later questioned and some of Kael's findings were also contested in later years. Questions of authorship continued to come into sharper focus with Carringer's 1978 thoroughly researched essay, "The Scripts of Citizen Kane ". Carringer studied
4148-524: Was going to pull off something really big almost as much as Welles did himself." Welles spent the first five months of his RKO contract trying to get his first project going, without success. "They are laying bets over on the RKO lot that the Orson Welles deal will end up without Orson ever doing a picture there," wrote The Hollywood Reporter . It was agreed that Welles would film Heart of Darkness , previously adapted for The Mercury Theatre on
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#17327729337374216-429: Was granting Welles complete artistic control of the two films so long as RKO approved both projects' stories and so long as the budget did not exceed $ 500,000. RKO executives would not be allowed to see any footage until Welles chose to show it to them, and no cuts could be made to either film without Welles's approval. Welles was allowed to develop the story without interference, select his own cast and crew, and have
4284-449: Was nominated for Academy Awards in nine categories and it won for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) by Mankiewicz and Welles. Citizen Kane is praised for Gregg Toland 's cinematography, Robert Wise 's editing, Bernard Herrmann 's music, and its narrative structure, all of which have been considered innovative and precedent-setting. The quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane , played by Welles,
4352-494: Was particularly advised by his agents that all credit for his work belonged to Welles and the Mercury Theatre, the "author and creator". As the film neared release, however, Mankiewicz began wanting a writing credit for the film and even threatened to take out full-page advertisements in trade papers and to get his friend Ben Hecht to write an exposé for The Saturday Evening Post . Mankiewicz also threatened to go to
4420-529: Was something new in Hollywood: nobody seemed interested in bringing in a group to rehearse before scenes were shot. But Orson knew it was necessary, and we rehearsed every sequence before it was shot." When The March of Time narrator Westbrook Van Voorhis asked for $ 25,000 to narrate the News on the March sequence, Alland demonstrated his ability to imitate Van Voorhis, and Welles cast him. Welles later said that casting character actor Gino Corrado in
4488-420: Was struck by the extraordinary resemblance between herself and Welles's mother when she saw a photograph of Beatrice Ives Welles. She characterized her own personal relationship with Welles as motherly. "He trained us for films at the same time that he was training himself," recalled Agnes Moorehead. "Orson believed in good acting, and he realized that rehearsals were needed to get the most from his actors. That
4556-418: Was the last surviving member of the principal cast. Sonny Bupp (died 2007), who played Kane's young son, was the last surviving credited cast member. Kathryn Trosper Popper (died March 6, 2016) was reported to have been the last surviving actor to have appeared in Citizen Kane . Jean Forward (died September 2016), a soprano who dubbed the singing voice of Susan Alexander, was the last surviving performer from
4624-425: Was this done?' It was like going to school." Welles's cinematographer for the film was Gregg Toland , described by Welles as "just then, the number-one cameraman in the world." To Welles's astonishment, Toland visited him at his office and said, "I want you to use me on your picture." He had seen some of the Mercury stage productions (including Caesar ) and said he wanted to work with someone who had never made
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