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52-449: Detective Chief Inspector Endeavour Morse , GM , is the eponymous fictional character in the series of detective novels by British author Colin Dexter . On television, he appears in the 33-episode drama series Inspector Morse (1987–2000), in which John Thaw played the character, as well as the (2012–2023) prequel series Endeavour , portrayed by Shaun Evans . The older Morse

104-696: A private investigator , colloquially referred to, especially in fiction, as a "PI" or "private eye", "private ducky" or "shamus". The detective branch in most large police agencies is organized into several squads and departments, each of which specializes in investigation into a particular type of crime or a particular type of undercover operation, which may include: homicide , robbery , burglary , auto theft , organized crimes , missing persons , juvenile crime , fraud , narcotics , vice , criminal intelligence , aggravated assault / battery , sexual assault , computer crime , domestic violence , surveillance , and arson , among others. In police departments of

156-440: A case. Forensic science (often shortened to forensics) is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system. This may be in relation to a crime or to a civil action. Many major police stations in a city, county, or state, maintain their own forensic laboratories while others contract out the services. Detectives may use public and private records to provide background information on

208-415: A competitive examination, testing their knowledge, skills and abilities regarding criminal investigation, criminal procedure, interview and interrogation, search and seizure, collection and preservation of evidence, investigative report writing, criminal law, court procedure, and providing testimony in court. Competitive examinations are conducted by selected senior law enforcement officials. Following testing,

260-436: A completely different job and therefore require completely different training, qualifications, qualities, and abilities than uniformed officers. The other side says that a detective who has worked as a uniformed officer will excel as a private detective due to their knowledge about standard police procedures, their contact network and their own experience with typical problems. Some are not public officials, and may be known as

312-557: A detective is a licensed or unlicensed person who solves crimes , including historical crimes, by examining and evaluating clues and personal records in order to uncover the identity and/or whereabouts of criminals. In some police departments , a detective position is obtained by passing a written test after a person completes the requirements for being a police officer . In many other police systems, detectives are college graduates who join directly from civilian life without first serving as uniformed officers. Some argue that detectives do

364-406: A half-sister named Joyce with whom he is on better terms. Morse was devastated when Joyce's daughter Marilyn took her own life. Morse prefers to use only his surname, and is generally evasive when asked about his first name, sometimes joking that it is Inspector . In The Dead of Jericho and The Wench Is Dead it is noted that his initial is E. At the end of Death Is Now My Neighbour , his name

416-405: A list of results is provided by the department. At the department's discretion, some or all of the officers on the list are promoted to the rank of detective. Some departments have classes of detectives which increase the detective's rank after successful experience. Private investigators are licensed by the state in which they work (some states do not require licensing, but most do). In addition to

468-804: A police agency in addition to being a criminal himself. Police detective activities were pioneered in England by the Bow Street Runners and later by the Metropolitan Police Service in Greater London. The first police detective unit in the United States was formed in 1846 in Boston. Detectives have a wide variety of techniques available in conducting investigations. However, the majority of cases are solved by

520-414: A police detective, one must attend a law enforcement academy, which provides the officer with a foundation of education with 16 to 24 college units . After graduation from the law enforcement academy, the officer undergoes job training with a field training officer for a period specified by the law enforcement agency and continues to work while on a probationary period, ranging from one to two years. During

572-523: A private citizen might try to solve a crime vary from trying to ensure justice for a friend or relative, a strong dislike for crime and support for law and order , or just recreational enjoyment. As with other kinds of detectives, citizen detectives try to solve crimes in multiple ways such as searching a crime scene , interviewing and/or interrogating suspects and witnesses, doing surveillance on persons of interest , collecting evidence , acting as sources for local news , giving anonymous tips to

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624-555: A subject. Police detectives can search through files of fingerprint records. Police maintain records of people who have committed felonies and some misdemeanors . Detectives may search through records of criminal arrests and convictions, photographs or " mug shots " of persons arrested, hotel registration information, credit reports, answering machine messages, phone conversations, surveillance camera footage, and technology used for communication. Before 2017, prospective British police detectives must have completed at least two years as

676-534: A suspect into an admission or confession as long as they do this within procedural boundaries and without the threat of violence or promises outside their control. This is not permitted in England and Wales , where interview of suspects and witnesses is governed by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and its extensive Codes of Practice. Physical forensic evidence in an investigation may provide leads to closing

728-698: A uniformed officer before applying to join the Criminal Investigation Department . Since 2017, applicants from outside the police force have been able to apply directly for positions as trainee detectives. UK Police must also pass the National Investigators' Examination in order to progress to subsequent stages of the Initial Crime Investigators Development Program in order to qualify as a detective. Before becoming

780-510: Is Selective Service . In the United States, voluntary enrollments at the Peace Corps and AmeriCorps are also known as national service. Around 100 AD, Plutarch quoted an early case for national service made by a Roman general sometime around the 5th century BC: With the politic design of preventing intestine broils by employment abroad, and in the hope that when rich as well as poor, plebeians and patricians, should be mingled again in

832-698: Is a senior Criminal Investigation Department (CID) officer with the Thames Valley Police in Oxford in England and, in the prequel, Morse is a young detective constable rising through the ranks with the Oxford City Police and, in later series, the Thames Valley Police. Morse presents, to some, a reasonably sympathetic personality, despite his sullen and snobbish temperament, with a classic Jaguar Mark 2 (a Lancia in

884-406: Is conducted by the police. Criminal activity can relate to road use such as speeding, drunk driving, or to matters such as theft, drug distribution, assault, fraud, etc. When the police have concluded their investigation, a decision on whether to charge somebody with a criminal offence will (depending on legal jurisdiction) often be made by prosecuting counsel having considered the evidence produced by

936-404: Is deductive, and one of his key tenets is that "there is a 50 per cent chance that the person who finds the body is the murderer". Morse uses immense intuition and his fantastic memory to apprehend the perpetrator. Among Morse's conservative tastes are that he likes to drink real ale and whisky , and in the early novels, drives a Lancia . In the television and radio productions (and reprints of

988-659: Is developing due to the demands of modern society . Detective service companies primarily offer investigation and surveillance services for individuals and businesses in matters such as marriage , business fraud , information retrieval , or tracking subjects. The detective profession in Vietnam still lacks a clear legal framework and can easily fall into legal grey areas. However, many detective companies have made efforts to provide professional services , adhering to ethical standards and legal regulations to build trust with clients. National Service National service

1040-419: Is not shy to show his liking for attractive women and often dates those involved in cases. Indeed, a woman he falls in love with sometimes turns out to be the culprit. Morse is highly intelligent. He is a crossword addict and dislikes grammatical and spelling errors; in every personal or private document that he receives, he manages to point out at least one mistake. He claims that his approach to crime-solving

1092-463: Is ostensibly the embodiment of middle-class Englishness, with a set of prejudices and assumptions to match, although his background, being the son of a taxi driver, might be considered working class. As a result, he may be considered an example of the gentleman detective , a staple of British detective fiction . This is in sharp contrast to the working-class lifestyle of his assistant Lewis (named after another rival clue-writer, Mrs. B. Lewis); in

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1144-457: Is revealed to be Endeavour. Two-thirds of the way through the television episode based on the book, he gives the cryptic clue "My whole life's effort has revolved around Eve, nine letters". In the series, it is noted that Morse's reluctance to use his Christian name led to his receiving the nickname Pagan while at Stamford School (which Colin Dexter , the author of the Morse novels, attended). In

1196-558: Is the system of compulsory or voluntary government service, usually military service . Conscription is mandatory national service. The term national service comes from the United Kingdom's National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939 . The length and nature of national service depends on the country in question. In some instances, national service is compulsory, and citizens living abroad can be called back to their country of origin to complete it. In other cases, national service

1248-485: Is voluntary. Many young people spend one or more years in such programmes. Compulsory military service typically requires all citizens to enroll for one or two years, usually at age 18 (later for university-level students). Most conscripting countries conscript only men, but Norway , Sweden , Israel , Eritrea , Morocco and North Korea conscript both men and women. Voluntary national service may require only three months of basic military training. The US equivalent

1300-482: The Aga Khan ". In the episode of the television adaptation Cherubim and Seraphim , it is revealed that Morse's parents divorced when he was 12. He remained with his mother until her death three years later, upon which he had to return to his father. Morse had a dreadful relationship with his stepmother Gwen. He claims that he only read poetry to annoy her, and that her petty bullying almost drove him to suicide. He has

1352-608: The Royal Corps of Signals as a cipher clerk. Upon leaving, he joined the police at Carshall-Newtown, before being posted to Oxford with the Oxford City Police . He was awarded the George Medal in the last episode of Endeavour Series 4. He is assigned to a uniformed position in Series 6 despite having his opinions and observations disregarded by CID. He does not wear his GM ribbon, leaving his uniform breast bare. Morse

1404-463: The 19th century, there were few municipal police departments, though the first had been created in Paris as long ago as 1667. As police work went from being done by appointed people with help from volunteers to being done by professionals, the idea of dedicated detectives did not come up right away. The first private detective agency was founded in Paris in 1833 by Eugène François Vidocq , who had headed

1456-555: The Bible from memory, agreeing with the phrases, as he does with lines from various literary books/texts. The novels in the series are: Inspector Morse also appears in several stories in Dexter's short story collection, Morse's Greatest Mystery and Other Stories (1993, expanded edition 1994). The Inspector Morse novels were made into a TV series (also called Inspector Morse ) for the British commercial TV network ITV . The series

1508-493: The United States, a regular detective typically holds the rank of "Detective". The rank structure of the officers who supervise them (who may or may not be detectives themselves) varies considerably by department. In some Commonwealth police forces, detectives have equivalent ranks to uniformed officers but with the word "Detective" prepended to it; e.g. "Detective Constable" (DC) or " Detective Sergeant " (DS). In some countries , courts and judicial processes have yet to recognize

1560-469: The bank of the River Thames at Oxford, opposite the boathouse belonging to 22nd Oxford Sea Scout Group; the building is named T.S. Endeavour . Although details of Morse's education are kept vague, it is hinted that he won a scholarship to study at St John's College, Oxford . He lost the scholarship as the result of poor academic performance stemming from a failed love affair, which is mentioned in

1612-452: The early novels), a thirst for English real ale , and a love of classical music (especially opera and Wagner ), poetry, art and cryptic crossword puzzles. In his later career, he is usually assisted by Sergeant Robbie Lewis . Morse's partnership and formal friendship with Lewis is fundamental to the series. Morse's father was a taxi driver, and Morse likes to explain the origin of his additional private income by saying that he "used to drive

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1664-402: The interrogation of suspects and the interviewing of witnesses, which takes time. Detectives may also use their network of informants, which they have built up over the years. Informants often have connections with people a detective would not be able to approach formally. Evidence collection and preservation can also help in identifying a potential suspect(s). Investigation of criminal activity

1716-574: The ninth series, bringing the total number of Endeavour episodes to 36. The ninth and final series comprised the final three episodes, which aired from 26 February 2023 to 12 March 2023. An adaptation by Melville Jones of Last Bus to Woodstock featured in BBC Radio 4 's Saturday Night Theatre series in June 1985, with Andrew Burt as Morse and Christopher Douglas as Lewis. In the 1990s, an occasional BBC Radio 4 series (for The Saturday Play )

1768-403: The novels), this is altered to a suitably British classic Jaguar Mark 2 . His favourite music is opera, which is echoed in the soundtracks to the television series. The original music is by Barrington Pheloung . His dying words, said to Jim Strange, are "Thank Lewis for me." Morse is portrayed as being an atheist . However, in some scenes, he does entertain the possibility of God and/or quote

1820-611: The novels, Lewis is Welsh , but in the TV series this is altered to a Tyneside ( Geordie ) background, appropriately for the actor Kevin Whately . Morse is in his forties at the start of the books ( Service of all the Dead , Chapter Six: "… a bachelor still, forty-seven years old …"), and Lewis slightly younger (e.g. The Secret of Annexe 3 , Chapter Twenty-Six: "a slightly younger man – another policeman, and one also in plain clothes"). John Thaw

1872-533: The novels, Morse's first name came from the vessel HMS Endeavour ; his mother was a member of the Religious Society of Friends ( Quakers ) who have a tradition of " virtue names ", and his father admired Captain James Cook . Dexter was a fan of cryptic crosswords and named Morse after champion setter Jeremy Morse , one of Dexter's arch-rivals in writing crossword clues. Dexter used to walk along

1924-607: The police and at times even making citizens’ arrests while a crime is being committed. Citizen detectives can also help law enforcement by becoming witnesses for prosecutors , participating in local neighborhood watch groups, acting as citizen observers for law enforcement, or even aiding the police in searching for and arresting suspects as a posse . However, there have been cases of citizen detectives unintentionally compromising investigations if they lack real crime solving skills or even committing acts against suspected criminals that could be deemed vigilantism in nature. Before

1976-478: The police department, the prequel also consisted of Fred Thursday’s family members: Win Thursday, (Caroline O’Neill), Sam Thursday ( Jack Bannon ), Joan Thursday ( Sara Vickers ) and the newspaper editor Dorothea Frazil ( Abigail Thaw ). A second series of four episodes followed, screening between 30 March 2014 and 20 April 2014. On 3 January 2016, the third series aired, also containing four episodes. A fourth series

2028-513: The police. In criminal investigations, once a detective has suspects in mind, the next step is to produce evidence that will stand up in a court of law. One way is to obtain a confession from the suspect; usually, this is done by developing rapport and, at times, by seeking information in exchange for potential perks available through the attorney's office, such as entering for a lesser sentence in exchange for usable information. In some countries, detectives may lie, mislead and psychologically pressure

2080-589: The practice of private detectives. In Portugal, presented proof loses significance when private detectives collect it. Even under these circumstances, the practice is in demand and governed by a code of conduct. A citizen detective, also known as an amateur detective, is an individual who devotes his or her time and expertise to aid in the solving of crime , without compensation or expectation of reward. Citizen detectives are private citizens that have no real professional relationship with law enforcement and lack any rational-legal authority whatsoever. The reasons why

2132-516: The probationary period, the officer is assigned to look for evidence. During this time, the officer is supervised and mentored by a sergeant with years of experience. Some police officers go to a two-year or four-year college or university to get a degree in criminal justice or the management of criminal justice. You can get a concentration or a certificate in a specialized field of criminal investigation at some colleges. Through years of on-the-job training or college education, officers may participate in

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2184-561: The second episode of the third series, "The Last Enemy", and recounted in detail in the novel The Riddle of the Third Mile , Chapter 7. Further details are revealed piece-by-piece in the prequel series. He often reflects on such renowned scholars as A. E. Housman who, like himself, failed to get an academic degree from Oxford. After university, he entered the army on National Service . This included serving in West Germany with

2236-450: The series has been recommissioned for an eighth series, screened on 12 September 2021, also containing three episodes. Morse was voted number two on the top 25 list in ITV 's Britain's Favourite Detective first broadcast on 30 August 2020. On 23 May 2022, a day after filming began for the ninth series, ITV announced that Endeavour would end production after a decade on air at the conclusion of

2288-406: The state examination, applicants testing for a private investigation license must also meet stringent requirements, which include college education, a range of two to four years of full-time investigation experience and the successful adjudication of a criminal and civil background check conducted by state investigators. Private investigators are licensed to conduct civil and criminal investigations in

2340-412: The state in which they are licensed, and are protected by statutes of that state. In states requiring licensing, statutes make it unlawful for any person to conduct a criminal investigation without a license, unless exempted by the statute (i.e., law enforcement officers or agents, attorneys, paralegals , claims adjusters ). In Vietnam , private detective work is not yet officially recognized by law but

2392-485: The television incarnation of Lewis , was titled Lewis ; it first aired on 29 January 2006 and last showed on 10 November 2015. The spin-off consisted the following cast members: Kevin Whately as DI Robbie Lewis, Laurence Fox as DS James Hathaway, Clare Holman as Dr Laura Hobson and Rebecca Front as CS Jean Innocent. In August 2011, ITV announced plans to film a prequel drama called Endeavour , with author Colin Dexter's participation. English actor Shaun Evans

2444-438: Was 45 at the beginning of shooting the TV series and Kevin Whately was 36. Morse's relationships with authority, the establishment, bastions of power and the status quo, are markedly ambiguous, as are some of his relations with women. He is frequently portrayed as patronising female characters, and once stereotyped the female sex as not naturally prone to crime, being caring and non-violent, but also often empathises with women. He

2496-459: Was aired, once again with four episodes, on 8 January 2017. Filming of a fifth series of six episodes began in early 2017 with the first episode of the fifth series aired on 4 February 2018. On 10 February 2019 the sixth series aired, which comprises four 1-hour-30-minute episodes. A seventh series of three episodes was filmed in late 2019, aired on 9 February 2020 and in August 2019 ITV announced that

2548-656: Was cast as a young Morse in his early career. The pilot episode was broadcast on 2 January 2012 on ITV. The prequel was made by Mammoth Screen . Four new episodes were televised from 14 April 2013, showing Morse's early cases working for DI Fred Thursday ( Roger Allam ) and with Jim Strange ( Sean Rigby ), initially as PC Jim Strange, later DS Jim Strange, and pathologist Max De Bryn ( James Bradshaw ), plus Chief Superintendent Reginald Bright ( Anton Lesser ), DS Peter Jakes ( Jack Laskey ), WPC Shirley Trewlove ( Dakota Blue Richards ), DC George Fancy (Lewis Peek), DI Ronnie Box (Simon Harrison) and DS Alan Jago (Richard Riddell). Alongside

2600-578: Was made by Zenith Productions for Central (a company later acquired by Carlton ) and comprised 33 two-hour episodes (100 minutes excluding commercials)—20 more episodes than there are novels—produced between 6 January 1987 and 15 November 2000. The last episode was adapted from the final novel The Remorseful Day , in which Morse dies from a heart attack. Morse was played by John Thaw and Lewis by Kevin Whateley . A spin-off series, similarly comprising 33 two-hour episodes and based on

2652-596: Was made starring the voices of John Shrapnel as Morse and Robert Glenister as Lewis. The series was written by Guy Meredith and directed by Ned Chaillet . Episodes included: The Wench is Dead (23 March 1992); Last Seen Wearing (28 May 1994); and The Silent World of Nicholas Quinn (10 February 1996). In 2018, Alma Cullen wrote an original drama entitled Morse: In The Shallows , with Neil Pearson as Morse and Lee Ingleby as Lewis. An Inspector Morse stage play appeared in 2010, written by Alma Cullen (writer of four Morse screenplays for ITV). The part of Morse

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2704-560: Was played by Colin Baker . The play, entitled Morse—House of Ghosts , saw DCI Morse looking to his past, when an old acquaintance becomes the lead suspect in a murder case that involves the on-stage death of a young actress. The play toured the UK from August to December 2010. It was broadcast by BBC Radio 4 on 25 March 2017 with Neil Pearson playing Morse and Lee Ingleby playing Lewis. Detective Informally, and primarily in fiction ,

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