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43-1131: Iara or IARA may refer to: Iara (mythology) , a figure from Brazilian mythology Iara, Cluj , a commune in Cluj County, Romania Iara (Arieș) , a tributary of the Arieș in Cluj County, Romania Iara, a tributary of the Petrilaca in Mureș County, Romania Iara, Madagascar , a town and commune Iara Oil Field , off the coast of Brazil Institute for Anthropological Research in Africa, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Belgium Islamic American Relief Agency Increasing absolute risk aversion , used in economics, finance, and decision theory Iara Dias dos Santos (born 1983), Brazilian singer and songwriter Iara Lee (born 1966), Brazilian film producer, director and activist Iara Vargas (1921–2007), Brazilian philosopher and politician Topics referred to by

86-522: A sjó kona ( siókona [sic.]; "sea-woman"). Old Norse marmennill , -dill , masculine noun , is also listed as cognate to "†mermin", as well as ON margmelli , modern Icelandic marbendill , and modern Norwegian marmæle . Old English męrewif is another related term, and appears once in reference not so much to a mermaid but a certain sea hag , and not well-attested later. Its MHG cognate merwîp , also defined as " meerweib " in modern German with perhaps " merwoman "

129-584: A beautiful woman but it’s only an illusion as she is really a water snake. She always kills the warriors she loves and she spends her story arcs trying to make Dar her latest love/victim. Mermaid In folklore , a mermaid is an aquatic creature with the head and upper body of a female human and the tail of a fish. Mermaids appear in the folklore of many cultures worldwide, including Europe, Asia, and Africa. Mermaids are sometimes associated with perilous events such as floods, storms, shipwrecks , and drownings. In other folk traditions (or sometimes within

172-472: A distinct meaning, being used in general for any riverine or freshwater lacustrine place) who sits on a rock by the river combing her hair or dozing under the sun. When she felt a man around, she would start to sing gently to lure him. Once under the spell of the Iara, a man would leave anything to live with her underwater forever due to the fact that she was pretty and would cater for all the needs of her lover for

215-519: A famed clan of merfolk with a place in Denmark, i.e., Sjælland. Sjælland was the divided portion of Villcina-land inherited by the bastard prince Vaði/Wade according to the saga. The Swedish epilogue transposed the locations concerning the battle (from Italy to Germany), and claimed the rescued Viðga/Witige was brought to Sjælland. That is to say, the crucial battle had been in Ravenna, Northern Italy in

258-449: A family scuffle and was turned into a mermaid by nature itself. In Love, Death & Robots season 3 (2022), episode 9 "Jibaro", a deaf warrior meets an Iara who lures his comrades with her screams, causing them to enter a dancing frenzy, rushing to her to ultimately drown in the lake. Iara is a minor antagonist in the TV series adaptation of Beastmaster, presenting as a siren who appears as

301-404: A medieval Þiðreks saga only in a late, reworked Swedish version, i.e., one of the closing chapters of Ðiðriks saga (fifteenth century, also known as the "Swedish epilogue" ). The mermaid/undine is here translated as Old Swedish haffru . The Old Norse Þiðreks saga proper calls the same mermaid a sjó kona ( siókona [sic.]) or "sea-woman". The genealogy is given in

344-408: A mermaid upon being saved by nearby fish on the night of a full moon or by Jaci in some versions, she decided to take revenge on all men by seducing them and drowning them in the river. According to some folkloric accounts, those who survive end up going crazy or survive with teeth marks on their neck. It is often claimed that, until the 18th century, the Iara legend did not pertain to the image of

387-511: A part of the siren may be bird or fish. In a ninth-century Physiologus manufactured in France (Fig., top left), the siren was illustrated as a "woman-fish", i.e., mermaid-like, despite being described as bird-like in the text. The Bodleian bestiary dated 1220–12 also pictures a group of fish-tailed mermaid-like sirens (Fig. bottom), contradicting its text which likens it to a winged fowl ( volatilis habet figuram ) down to their feet. In

430-412: A seductive, docile river mermaid . Instead, it was originally about an aggressive and monstrous river merman known as Ipupiara ("freshwater monster" ) who would readily devour fishermen. Iara is immortal, but many of her lovers age and die, so she is condemned to live most of eternity alone. The legend of the Iara was one of the usual explanations for the disappearance of those who ventured alone into

473-499: A valid English definition. The word is attested, among other medieval epics, in the Nibelungenlied , and rendered "merwoman", "mermaid", "water sprite", or other terms; the two in the story are translated as ON sjó konur ("sea-women"). The siren of Ancient Greek mythology became conflated with mermaids during the medieval period. Some European Romance languages still use cognate terms for siren to denote

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516-738: Is British author William Bond , who has written several books about it. Two prophetic merwomen (MHG pl.: merwîp ), Sigelinde (MHG: Sigelint) and her maternal aunt Hadeburg (MHG: Hadeburc) are bathing in the Danube River when Hagen von Tronje encounters them ( Nibelungenlied , Âventiure 25). They are called sjókonar ("sea women") in the Old Norse Þiđreks saga . There is a swan maiden tale motif involved here (Hagen robs their clothing), but Grimm argued they must have actually been swan maidens, since they are described as hovering above water. In any case, this brief segment became

559-501: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Iara (mythology) According to oral tales, Iara is a beautiful young woman sometimes described as having green hair, light brown or copper-colored skin (like that of an Indigenous person from Brazil or of a caboclo ), and brown eyes with a tail similar to a freshwater river dolphin , manatee, or fish (the Tupi word y did not have

602-488: Is explicit in the aforementioned Old German Physiologus (eleventh century ). The Middle English bestiary (mid-13th century) clearly means "mermaid" when it explains the siren to be a mereman , stating that she has a body and breast like that of a maiden but joined, at the navel, by a body part which is definitely fish, with fins growing out of her. Old French verse bestiaries (e.g. Philipp de Thaun 's version, written c. 1121–1139) also accommodated by stating that

645-566: Is formed from " mere " (sea), and " maid ". Another English word "†mermin" ( headword in the OED ) for 'siren or mermaid' is older, though now obsolete. It derives from Old English męremęnen , ad. męre 'sea' + męnen 'female slave', earliest attestation mereminne , as a gloss for "siren", in Corpus Glossary (c. 725). A Middle English example mereman in a bestiary (c. 1220?; manuscript now dated to 1275–1300 )

688-476: Is indeed a 'mermaid', part maiden, part fish-like. Its Old High German cognate merimenni is known from biblical glosses and Physiologus . The Middle High German cognate merminne , (mod. German " meerweib "), "mermaid", is attested in epics, and the one in Rabenschlacht is a great-grandmother; this same figure is in an Old Swedish text a haffru , and in Old Norse

731-832: The Caribbean , may have been sightings of manatees or similar aquatic mammals. While there is no evidence that mermaids exist outside folklore, reports of mermaid sightings continue to the present day. Mermaids have been a popular subject of art and literature in recent centuries, such as in Hans Christian Andersen 's literary fairy tale " The Little Mermaid " (1837). They have subsequently been depicted in operas, paintings, books, comics, animation, and live-action films. The English word "mermaid" has its earliest-known attestation in Middle English ( Chaucer , Nun's Priest's Tale , c. 1390). The compound word

774-696: The jungle . The Iara is similar to several other folkloric female figures from other regions of Latin America such as the Colombian La Patasola and the Tunda . They all function as sirens leading men to their deaths, though the Patasola and Tunda are specifically forest spirits and the Tunda does not target only men and can treat the people it kidnaps nicely. Andrew Lang wrote an adaptation of

817-582: The "foundational" groundwork of subsequent water-nix lore and literature that developed in the Germanic sphere. They are a probable source of the three Rhine maidens in Richard Wagner 's opera Das Rheingold . Though conceived of as swan-maidens in Wagner's 1848 scenario, the number being a threesome was suggested by the woodcut by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld and Eugen Napoleon Neureuther in

860-688: The Macedonian king's material via some unnamed source. There is a mermaid legend attached to Alexander the Great's sister, but this is of post-medieval vintage (see below ). Sometime before 546 BC, Milesian philosopher Anaximander postulated that mankind had sprung from an aquatic animal species, a theory that is sometimes called the Aquatic Ape Theory . He thought that humans, who begin life with prolonged infancy , could not have survived otherwise. There are also naturalist theories on

903-513: The Middle Ages. The traits of the classical sirens, such as using their beautiful song as a lure as told by Homer, have often been transferred to mermaids. These change of the medieval siren from bird to fish were thought by some to be the influence of Teutonic myth, later expounded in literary legends of Lorelei and Undine ; though a dissenting comment is that parallels are not limited to Teutonic culture. The earliest text describing

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946-525: The Pfizer edition of 1843 (fig. on the left). Middle High German mereminne 'mermaid' is mentioned, among other epics, in the Rabenschlacht ("Battle of Ravenna", 13th cent.) of the Dietrich cycle. The mermaid (or undine ) is named Wâchilt and is the ancestress of the traitorous Wittich who carries him off at the time of peril to her "submarine home". This material has been found translated as

989-433: The blow hole in the back of her neck that gives her away as the creature she is and not the beautiful woman he mistook her for. In 2021 Brazilian supernatural TV series, Invisible City , the protagonist meets an Iara but survives her drowning attempts. She tells him that she became an Iara after her lover killed and drowned her in a river, but she was resurrected. In the 2021 DC Comics ' Wonder Girl comic book starring

1032-399: The contamination of the siren myth with Scylla and Charybdis. The female oceanids , nereids and naiads are mythical water nymphs or deities, although not depicted with fish tails. "Nereid" and "nymph" have also been applied to actual mermaid-like marine creatures purported to exist, from Pliny (cf. §Roman Lusitania and Gaul ) and onwards. Jane Ellen Harrison (1882) has speculated that

1075-470: The female collectively are sometimes referred to as merfolk or merpeople. The Western concept of mermaids as beautiful, seductive singers may have been influenced by the sirens of Greek mythology , which were originally half-birdlike, but came to be pictured as half-fishlike in the Christian era. Historical accounts of mermaids, such as those reported by Christopher Columbus during his exploration of

1118-541: The future Brazilian Wonder Woman , Yara Flor , Iara was a great Brazilian warrior who was later transformed into a mermaid-like divine being as the protector of the sacred waters . It was she who bestowed on Yara Flor her characteristic weapon of power, the Golden Boleadoras . Iara appears in AdventureQuest Worlds . It was mentioned that Iara was knocked off the cliff into the river during

1161-403: The interim, the siren as pure mermaid was becoming commonplace, particularly in the so-called "Second Family" Latin bestiaries, as represented in one of the early manuscripts classified into this group ( Additional manuscript 11283, c. 1170–1180s. Fig., top right). While the siren holding a fish was a commonplace theme, the siren in bestiaries were also sometimes depicted holding the comb, or

1204-535: The legend of Yara in The Brown Fairy Book . American naturalist Herbert Huntingdon Smith recorded a version of the legend of Yara, which he titled Oiará, The Water-Maidens . Iara (or Yara) is a very popular female name in Brazil. In the film version of the novel Macunaíma (1969), the eponymous protagonist meets his death at the hands of an Iara. He embraces her eagerly and sees too late

1247-486: The mermaid, e.g., French sirène and Spanish and Italian sirena . Some commentators have sought to trace origins further back into § Ancient Middle Eastern mythology . In the early Greek period, the sirens were conceived of as human-headed birds, but by the classical period, the Greeks sporadically depicted the siren as part fish in art. The siren's part-fish appearance became increasingly popular during

1290-476: The mermaids or tritonesses of Greek and Roman mythology may have been brought from the Middle East , possibly transmitted by Phoenician mariners. The Greek god Triton had two fish tails instead of legs, and later became pluralized as a group. The prophetic sea deity Glaucus was also depicted with a fish tail and sometimes with fins for arms. Depictions of entities with the upper bodies of humans and

1333-469: The mirror. The comb and mirror became a persistent symbol of the siren-mermaid. In the Christian moralizing context (e.g the bestiaries), the mermaid's mirror and comb were held as the symbol of vanity. The sea-monsters Scylla and Charybdis , who lived near the sirens, were also female and had some fishlike attributes. Though Scylla's violence is contrasted with the sirens' seductive ways by certain classical writers, Scylla and Charybdis lived near

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1376-406: The night. The legend says Iara knew how to defend herself from her brothers' attacks and accidentally killed them. Discovered by her father, she took refuge in the woods but was captured and punished for the murders of her brothers by being drowned in the river. Other versions claim they killed her and dumped her body in the river and blamed the night goddess, Jaci, for her disappearance. Turned into

1419-407: The origins of the mermaid, postulating they derive from sightings of manatees , dugongs or even seals . Still another theory, tangentially related to the aforementioned Aquatic Ape Theory , is that the mermaids of folklore were actually human women who trained over time to be skilled divers for things like sponges , and spent a lot of time in the sea as a result. One proponent of this theory

1462-400: The rest of his life. Other versions indicate that she slew the men or drowned them. According to Brazilian folklore, Iara was a beautiful young Indigenous woman in a tribe of patriarchal customs who developed a talent for warfare and gained admiration from all of her tribe and respect from her father, the chief of the tribe, but aroused the envy of her brothers who decided to murder her during

1505-452: The saga: the sea-woman and Villcinus (Vilkinus), king of Scandinavia together had a son, Vaði ( Wade ) of (Sjóland= Sjælland , Zealand) who was a giant ( risi ); whose son was Velent ( Wayland the Smith ), whose son after that was Viðga Velentsson (Wittich or Witige ), who became a companion/champion of King Þiðrekr (Dietrich von Bern). Thus the saga is an early source which associates

1548-444: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Iara . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iara&oldid=1225727977 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1591-407: The same traditions), they can be benevolent or beneficent, bestowing boons or falling in love with humans. The male equivalent of the mermaid is the merman , also a familiar figure in folklore and heraldry . Although traditions about and reported sightings of mermen are less common than those of mermaids, they are in folklore generally assumed to co-exist with their female counterparts. The male and

1634-508: The siren as fish-tailed occurs in the Liber Monstrorum de diversis generibus (seventh to mid-eighth century), which described sirens as "sea girls" ( marinae pullae ) whose beauty in form and sweet song allure seafarers, but beneath the human head and torso, have the scaly tail-end of a fish with which they can navigate the sea. "Sirens are mermaids" (Old High German/Early Middle High German : Sirêne sínt méremanniu )

1677-472: The sirens' domain. In Etruscan art before the sixth century BC, Scylla was portrayed as a mermaid-like creature with two tails. This may be tied to images of two-tailed mermaids ranging from ancient times to modern depictions, and is sometimes attached to the later character of Melusine . A sporadic example of sirens as mermaids (tritonesses) in Early Greek art (third century BC), can be explained as

1720-710: The tails of fish appear in Mesopotamian artwork from the Old Babylonian Period onwards, on cylinder seals . These figures are usually mermen ( kulullû ), but mermaids do occasionally appear. The name for the mermaid figure may have been *kuliltu , meaning "fish-woman". Such figures were used in Neo-Assyrian art as protective figures and were shown in both monumental sculpture and in small, protective figurines. A mermaid-like goddess, identified by Greek and Roman writers as Derceto or Atargatis,

1763-409: The upper body of a woman and the tail of a fish. He noted the contrast with the grand statue located at her Holy City ( Hierapolis Bambyce ), which appeared entirely human. In the myth, Semiramis's first husband is named Onnes. Some scholars have compared this to the earlier Mesopotamian myth of Oannes , one of the apkallu or seven sages described as fish-men in cuneiform texts. While Oannes

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1806-443: Was a servant of the water deity Ea , having gained wisdom from the god, English writer Arthur Waugh understood Oannes to be equivalent to Ea, and proposed that surely "Oannes had a fish-tailed wife" and descendants, with Atargatis being one deity thus descended, "through the mists of time". Diodorus's chronology of Queen Semiramis resembles the feats of Alexander the Great (campaigns to India, etc.), and Diodorus may have woven

1849-433: Was worshipped at Ashkelon . In a myth recounted by Diodorus Siculus in the first century BC, Derceto gave birth to a child from an affair. Ashamed, she abandoned the child in the desert and drowned herself in a lake, only to be transformed into a human-headed fish. The child, Semiramis , was fed by doves and survived to become a queen. In the second century, Lucian described seeing a Phoenician statue of Derceto with

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