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85-536: The first Ibanez Universe models, the UV7 and UV77 , appeared on the market in 1990, though Vai had played prototypes in live performances before that. The UV7 was available in white ( UV7PWH ) or black with green appointments ( UV7BK ). The UV77 was available in a swirled multicolor finish (UV77MC) and is now considered a collector's item. The production UV77MCs were swirled first in Japan. Steve Vai had agreed to only allow

170-601: A progressive metal band, Fear Factory , an industrial metal band, as well as progressive metal bands Meshuggah and Voivod , and also death metal bands Cannibal Corpse and Morbid Angel . In 1997 Ibanez introduced an 'all black' variation with model designation UV7SBK. Instead of the green details used in UV7BK, the UV7SBK had silver dots on the rosewood fretboard and a silver Ibanez logo headstock inlay. The pickups, knobs and pickup toggle switch were black as well. The UV7SBK

255-554: A windbreak . It produces a hard-wearing, white or cream close-grained timber that turns golden with age. The wood can be worked and sawn in any direction and is used for making musical instruments, furniture, joinery , wood flooring and parquetry . Because it is non-staining, is used for kitchen utensils, wooden spoons, bowls, rolling pins and chopping boards. In Scotland it has traditionally been used for making fine boxes, sometimes in association with contrasting, dark-coloured laburnum wood. Occasionally, trees produce wood with

340-592: A "Premium" (Indonesian made) tribute to the original UV7 called the UV70P (and later UV71PWH) as the only available Universe models alongside a 7 string version of the JEM. Maple See either species grouped by sections alphabetical list of species Acer is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples . The genus is placed in the soapberry family Sapindaceae . There are approximately 132 species , most of which are native to Asia , with

425-483: A "nutlet" attached to a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue. They are shaped to spin as they fall and to carry the seeds a considerable distance on the wind. People often call them "helicopters" due to the way that they spin as they fall. During World War II, the US Army developed a special airdrop supply carrier that could carry up to 65 pounds (29 kg) of supplies and was based on the maple seed. Seed maturation

510-424: A 'sycamore felt gall' on the underside of leaves of both sycamore and Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ). The sycamore aphid Drepanosiphum platanoidis sucks sap from buds and foliage, producing large quantities of sticky honeydew that contaminate foliage, cars and garden furniture beneath. The sycamore is susceptible to sooty bark disease, caused by the fungus Cryptostroma corticale . This causes wilting of

595-568: A black (white pearloid on some models) pickguard and green/yellow appointments ( UV777GR ). It also featured a maple fingerboard as opposed to rosewood . The UV7PWH and UV77MC were produced from 1990–1993, the UV777 from 1991–1993 and the UV7BK from 1990-1994. Ibanez did not produce any Universe guitars in 1995 due to low demand, but re-introduced the UV7BK in 1996 largely due to renewed popularity due to its adoption by numerous heavy metal bands: Korn , an alternative metal band, Dream Theater ,

680-450: A few exceptions such as sugar maple . Many of the root systems are typically dense and fibrous, inhibiting the growth of other vegetation underneath them. A few species, notably Acer cappadocicum , frequently produce root sprouts , which can develop into clonal colonies . Maples are distinguished by opposite leaf arrangement. The leaves in most species are palmate veined and lobed, with 3 to 9 (rarely to 13) veins each leading to

765-476: A girth of 5.9 metres (19 feet, 4 inches) and a 2005 study dated the tree to 1680. The tree is cared for by the National Trust , which has pollarded the tree in 2002 and 2014. An ancient sycamore (sometimes described as a "plane") with distinctive yellow foliage formerly stood in the village of Corstorphine , now a suburb of Edinburgh , Scotland. The tree was reputedly planted in the 15th century and

850-524: A height of 10–45 m (33–148 ft). Others are shrubs less than 10 meters tall with a number of small trunks originating at about ground level. Most species are deciduous , and many are renowned for their autumn leaf colours , but a few in southern Asia and the Mediterranean region are mostly evergreen . Most are shade-tolerant when young and are often riparian, understory, or pioneer species rather than climax overstory trees. There are

935-1035: A lobe, one of which is central or apical. A small number of species differ in having palmate compound, pinnate compound, pinnate veined or unlobed leaves. Several species, including Acer griseum (paperbark maple), Acer mandshuricum (Manchurian maple), Acer maximowiczianum (Nikko maple) and Acer triflorum (three-flowered maple), have trifoliate leaves. One species, Acer negundo (box-elder or Manitoba maple), has pinnately compound leaves that may be simply trifoliate or may have five, seven, or rarely nine leaflets. A few, such as Acer laevigatum (Nepal maple) and Acer carpinifolium (hornbeam maple), have pinnately veined simple leaves. Maple species, such as Acer rubrum , may be monoecious , dioecious or polygamodioecious . The flowers are regular, pentamerous , and borne in racemes , corymbs , or umbels . They have four or five sepals , four or five petals about 1–6 mm long (absent in some species), four to ten stamens about 6–10 mm long, and two pistils or

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1020-483: A monastery at Clonenagh in County Laois , Ireland, in the sixth century and it had a spring beside it. This was considered holy and was visited by pilgrims. In the nineteenth century, a Protestant land owner, annoyed at people visiting the site, filled the well in, whereupon the water started to flow into the hollow interior of a sycamore tree on the other side of the road. Filled with amazement, people hung rags on

1105-681: A number also appearing in Europe , northern Africa , and North America . Only one species, Acer laurinum , extends to the Southern Hemisphere . The type species of the genus is the sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus , one of the most common maple species in Europe. Most maples usually have easily identifiable palmate leaves (with a few exceptions, such as Acer carpinifolium , Acer laurinum , and Acer negundo ) and all share distinctive winged fruits . The closest relative of

1190-724: A pistil with two styles. The ovary is superior and has two carpels , whose wings elongate the flowers, making it easy to tell which flowers are female. Maples flower in late winter or early spring , in most species with or just after the appearance of the leaves, but in some before the trees leaf out. Maple flowers are green, yellow, orange or red. Though individually small, the effect of an entire tree in flower can be striking in several species. Some maples are an early spring source of pollen and nectar for bees . The distinctive fruits are called samaras , "maple keys", "helicopters", "whirlybirds" or "polynoses". These seeds occur in distinctive pairs each containing one seed enclosed in

1275-740: A problem for mowing lawns. Particularly popular are Norway maple (although it is considered invasive in North America), silver maple , Japanese maple , and red maple . The vine maple is also occasionally used as an ornamental tree. Other maples, especially smaller or more unusual species, are popular as specimen trees. Numerous maple cultivars that have been selected for particular characteristics can be propagated only by asexual reproduction such as cuttings, tissue culture , budding or grafting . Acer palmatum (Japanese maple) alone has over 1,000 cultivars, most selected in Japan, and many of them no longer propagated or not in cultivation in

1360-800: A syrup similar to that of the sugar maple . Bees often collect the nectar to make honey. Acer pseudoplatanus was first described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum in 1753. It is the type species in the maple genus Acer , which is in the soapberry family Sapindaceae . Many forms and varieties have been proposed, including natural varieties such as var. macrocarpum Spach , var. microcarpum Spach, and var. tomentosum Tausch , and forms such as f. erythrocarpum ( Carrière ) Pax , f. purpureum ( Loudon ) Rehder , and f. variegatum ( Weston ) Rehder. These are all now considered to be synonyms of Acer pseudoplatanus L. The specific name pseudoplatanus refers to

1445-472: A variety of different flower types. Most are morphologically bisexual , with both male and female organs, but function as if they were unisexual. Some are both morphologically and functionally male, others morphologically bisexual but function as males, and still others are morphologically bisexual but function as females. All of the flower types can produce pollen , but the pollen from functionally female flowers does not germinate . All flowers produce nectar ,

1530-546: A wavy grain , greatly increasing the value for decorative veneers . The wood is a medium weight for a hardwood, weighing 630 kg per cubic metre. It is a traditional wood for use in making the backs, necks and scrolls of violins . The wood is often marketed as rippled sycamore. Whistles can be made from straight twigs when the rising sap allows the bark to be separated, and these, and sycamore branches, are used in customs associated with early May in Cornwall . The wood

1615-574: Is Dipteronia , which only has two living species in China, but has a fossil record extending back to the middle Paleocene in North America. The oldest known fossils of Acer are from the late Paleocene of Northeast Asia and northern North America, around 60 million years old. The oldest fossils of Acer in Europe are from Svalbard , dating to the late Eocene ( Priabonian ~38–34 million years ago). Most maples or acers are trees growing to

1700-542: Is 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 in) long, is often tinged red with no stipules or leaf-like structures at the base. The functionally monoecious or dioecious yellow-green flowers are produced after the leaves in early summer, in May or June in the British Isles, on pendulous panicles 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 in) long with about 60–100 flowers on each stalk. The fruits are paired winged seeds or samaras,

1785-688: Is a major producer of maple syrup, an industry worth about 500 million Canadian dollars annually. Also, as these trees are a major source of pollen in early spring before many other plants have flowered, maple flowers are a source of foraging for honeybees that play a commercially important role in general agriculture and in natural habitats. Maple is used as pulpwood . The fibers have relatively thick walls that prevent collapsing upon drying. This gives good bulk and opacity in paper . Maple also gives paper good printing properties. Many maples have bright autumn foliage , and many countries have leaf-watching traditions. The sugar maple ( Acer saccharum )

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1870-751: Is cultivated and widely naturalised north of its native range in Northern Europe, notably in the British Isles and Scandinavia north to Tromsø , Norway (seeds can ripen as far north as Vesterålen); Reykjavík , Iceland ; and Tórshavn on the Faroe Islands . It now occurs throughout the British Isles, having been probably introduced in the 16th century. Sycamores make new growth from the stump or roots if cut down and can therefore be coppiced to produce poles and other types of small timber. Its coppice stools grow comparatively rapidly, reaching as much as 1.3 metres (4 ft 3 in) in length in

1955-600: Is named as the form Acer pseudoplatanus f. corstorphinense Schwer. Not only was it claimed to be the "largest sycamore in Scotland" but also the scene of James Lord Forrester 's murder in 1679. The tree was blown down in a storm on Boxing Day 1998, but a replacement, grown from a cutting , now stands in the churchyard of Corstorphine Kirk. The tree is commemorated in the badge of the Corstorphine Bowling Club of Edinburgh, designed in 1950 to feature

2040-500: Is often used for the smoking of food. Charcoal from maples is an integral part of the Lincoln County Process used to make Tennessee whiskey . They are also cultivated as ornamental plants and have benefits for tourism and agriculture . Some of the larger maple species have valuable timber , particularly Sugar maple in North America and Sycamore maple in Europe. Sugar maple wood—often known as "hard maple"—is

2125-400: Is placed in the subfamily Hippocastanoideae . The genus is subdivided by its morphology into a multitude of sections and subsections. Molecular studies incorporating DNA sequence data from both chloroplast and nuclear genomes, aiming to resolve the internal relationships and reconstruct the evolutionairy history of the group, suggest a Late Paleocene origin for the group, appearing first in

2210-458: Is sought for fine woodworking. Some maple wood has a highly decorative wood grain , known as flame maple , quilt maple , birdseye maple and burl wood . This condition occurs randomly in individual trees of several species and often cannot be detected until the wood has been sawn, though it is sometimes visible in the standing tree as a rippled pattern in the bark. These select decorative wood pieces also have subcategories that further filter

2295-437: Is the fungus Rhytisma acerinum which often forms the disease known as tar spot, in which black spots with yellow margins form on the foliage. The leaves may fall prematurely but the vigour of the tree is little affected. Sycamore leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cristulariella depraedans , results in pale blotches on leaves which later dry up and fall. This disease can cause moderate leaf loss but trees are little affected in

2380-545: Is the primary contributor to fall " foliage season " in north-eastern North America . In Japan , the custom of viewing the changing colour of maples in the autumn is called momijigari . Nikkō and Kyoto are particularly favoured destinations for this activity. In Korea, the same viewing activity is called danpung-nori and the Seoraksan and Naejang-san mountains are among the best-known destinations. Acer pseudoplatanus Acer pseudoplatanus , known as

2465-481: Is the standard maple bat most in use by professional baseball. Maple is also commonly used in archery as the core material in the limbs of a recurve bow due to its stiffness and strength. Maple wood is often graded based on physical and aesthetic characteristics. The most common terminology includes the grading scale from common #2; which is unselected and often used for craft woods; common #1, used for commercial and residential buildings; clear; and select grade, which

2550-491: Is used for fuel, being easy to saw and to split with an axe, producing a hot flame and good embers when burnt. In Scotland, sycamores were once a favoured tree for hangings, because their lower branches rarely broke under the strain. Both male and female flowers produce abundant nectar, which makes a fragrant, delicately flavoured and pale-coloured honey. The nectar and copious dull yellow ochre pollen are collected by honeybees as food sources. The sap rises vigorously in

2635-654: Is used in numerous musical instruments . Maple is harder and has a brighter sound than mahogany , which is another major tonewood used in instrument manufacturing. The back, sides, and neck of most violins , violas , cellos , and double basses are made from maple. Electric guitar necks are commonly made from maple, having good dimensional stability. The necks of the Fender Stratocaster and Telecaster were originally an entirely maple one piece neck, but later were also available with rosewood fingerboards. Les Paul desired an all maple guitar, but due to

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2720-425: Is usually in a few weeks to six months after flowering, with seed dispersal shortly after maturity. However, one tree can release hundreds of thousands of seeds at a time. Depending on the species, the seeds can be small and green to orange and big with thicker seed pods. The green seeds are released in pairs, sometimes with the stems still connected. The yellow seeds are released individually and almost always without

2805-647: The Western world . Some delicate cultivars are usually grown in pots and rarely reach heights of more than 50–100 cm. Maples are a popular choice for the art of bonsai . Japanese maple ( Acer palmatum ), trident maple ( A. buergerianum ), Amur maple ( A. ginnala ), field maple ( A. campestre ) and Montpellier maple ( A. monspessulanum ) are popular choices and respond well to techniques that encourage leaf reduction and ramification , but most species can be used. Maple collections, sometimes called aceretums , occupy space in many gardens and arboreta around

2890-715: The eucalypt forests. The sycamore is also scattered in north-eastern Tasmania and also at Taroona , near the Derwent River , in southern Hobart. It is considered to be an invasive species in New Zealand, Norway, and environmentally sensitive locations in the United Kingdom. In about 1870, the sycamore was introduced into the United States, and was planted in New York state and New Jersey . It

2975-615: The former Yugoslavia . Reports of it occurring in eastern Turkey have been found to refer to A. heldreichii subsp. trautvetteri . It was probably introduced into Britain in the Tudor period by 1500 and was first recorded in the wild in 1632 in Kent . The date of its first introduction into Ireland is unclear, but the oldest specimen in Ireland is in County Cavan and dates from

3060-476: The seeds 5 to 10 mm ( 1 ⁄ 4 to 3 ⁄ 8  in) in diameter, each with a wing 20 to 40 mm ( 3 ⁄ 4 to 1 + 5 ⁄ 8  in) long developed as an extension of the ovary wall. The wings are held at about right angles to each other, distinguishing them from those of A. platanoides and A. campestre , in which the wings are almost opposite, and from those of A. saccharum , in which they are almost parallel. When shed,

3145-540: The sycamore in the British Isles and as the sycamore maple in the United States, is a species of maple native to Central Europe and Western Asia . It is a large deciduous , broad-leaved tree , tolerant of wind and coastal exposure. Although native to an area ranging from France eastward to Ukraine , northern Turkey and the Caucasus , and southward to the mountains of Italy and northern Iberia ,

3230-437: The 1970s to the 1990s, maple drum kits were a vast majority of all drum kits made, but in recent years, birch has become popular for drums once again. Some of the best drum-building companies use maple extensively throughout their mid-pro range. Maple drums are favored for their bright resonant sound. Certain types of drum sticks are also made from maple. During late winter to early spring in northeastern North America , when

3315-831: The Canadian ice hockey team, the Toronto Maple Leafs . The first attested use of the word was in 1260 as "mapole", and it also appears a century later in Geoffrey Chaucer 's Canterbury Tales , spelled as "mapul". The maple is also a symbol of Hiroshima , ubiquitous in the local meibutsu . The maple leaf appears in the coat of arms of Sammatti , a former municipality of Uusimaa , Finland . Some species of maple are extensively planted as ornamental trees by homeowners, businesses, and municipalities due to their fall colour, relatively fast growth, ease of transplanting, and lack of hard seeds that would pose

3400-485: The Corstorphine sycamore tree and a single horn, and redesigned in 1991 for the club's centenary. The Newbattle Abbey sycamore near Dalkeith , planted in 1550, was the specimen with the earliest known planting date in Scotland. It had achieved a girth of 5 m (16 ft) and a height of 26 m (85 ft) by the time it was toppled by a gale in May 2006 at the age of 456 years. Saint Fintan founded

3485-464: The Gaelic settlement at Dál Riata in the late 6th and early 7th centuries. This would make it either an archaeophyte (a naturalised tree introduced by humans before 1500) or perhaps native if it can be seen to have reached Scotland without human intervention. At the moment it is usually classified as a neophyte , a plant that is naturalised but arrived with humans on or after the year 1500. Today,

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3570-556: The UV77MC as the limited-edition UV77REMC to celebrate the Universe's 20th anniversary. Only 100 examples will be made with only 60 of these guitars available in the United States. Many of Ibanez's competitors soon began to add 7-strings to their lineups, Around this time, Ibanez also added 7-string guitars to the RG series, its standard line of hard rock guitars. In 2014 Ibanez introduced

3655-649: The United States and Ontario, Canada. Maples are affected by a number of fungal diseases. Several are susceptible to Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium species, which can cause significant local mortality. Sooty bark disease , caused by Cryptostroma species, can kill trees that are under stress due to drought . Death of maples can rarely be caused by Phytophthora root rot and Ganoderma root decay. Maple leaves in late summer and autumn are commonly disfigured by "tar spot" caused by Rhytisma species and mildew caused by Uncinula species, though these diseases do not usually have an adverse effect on

3740-409: The aesthetic looks. Crotch wood, bees wing, cats paw, old growth and mottled are some terms used to describe the look of these decorative woods. Maples have a long history of use for furniture production in the United States. The Cherokee people would produce a purple dye from maple bark, which they used to dye cloth. Maple is considered a tonewood , or a wood that carries sound waves well, and

3825-418: The basal lobes of the leaf are reduced in size, making the leaves appear almost three-lobed ( trifoliate ). The sycamore is native to central and eastern Europe and western Asia. Its natural range includes Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, southern Russia, Spain, Switzerland, East Thrace and

3910-479: The branches forming a broad, domed crown . The bark of young trees is smooth and grey but becomes rougher with age and breaks up into scales, exposing the pale-brown-to-pinkish inner bark. The buds are produced in opposite pairs, ovoid (approximately oval in shape) and pointed, with the bud scales (the modified leaves that enclose and protect the bud) green, edged in dark brown and with dark brown tips, 0.5–1 centimetre ( 1 ⁄ 4 – 3 ⁄ 8  in). When

3995-419: The bridge and black finish with white binding and mirror pickguard. The UV777BK also is the first Universe to feature Ibanez's AANJ (All Access Neck Joint), a rounded heel that replaces the old Strat-style plate attachment to the body. The AANJ makes playing more comfortable and increases the sustain of the upper frets, since they are located over the neck itself, instead of an extension. In 2010, Ibanez reissued

4080-409: The country, with at least one in each province. Although the idea of the tree as a national symbol originally hailed from the province of Quebec where the sugar maple is significant, today's arboreal emblem of Canada rather refers to a generic maple. The design on the flag is an eleven-point stylization modeled after a sugar maple leaf (which normally bears 23 points). It is also in the name of

4165-408: The crown and the death of branches. Rectangular patches of bark become detached exposing thick layers of black fungal spores. The fungus may be present in the heartwood without symptoms for many years, working its way towards the bark following long, hot summers. The spores are hyper-allergenic and cause a condition called maple bark stripper's disease, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis . Less serious

4250-422: The first year after initial harvesting. It is grown as a species for medium-to-large bonsai in many areas of Europe, where some fine specimens can be found. Sycamore is planted in parks for ornamental purposes, and sometimes as a street tree, for its tolerance of air pollution makes it suitable for use in urban plantings. Owing to its tolerance to wind, it has often been planted in coastal and exposed areas as

4335-481: The functionally female flowers producing it in greater volume and with a higher sugar content. Sycamore trees are very variable across their wide range and have strategies to prevent self-pollination , which is undesirable because it limits the genetic variation of the progeny and may depress their vigour. Most inflorescences are formed of a mixture of functionally male and functionally female flowers. On any one tree, one or other of these flower types opens first and

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4420-591: The greenstriped mapleworm ( Dryocampa rubicunda ), can feed on the leaves so much that they cause temporary defoliation of host maple trees. Aphids are also very common sap-feeders on maples. In horticultural applications a dimethoate spray will solve this. Infestations of the Asian long-horned beetle ( Anoplophora glabripennis ) have resulted in the destruction of thousands of maples and other tree species in Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Ohio in

4505-645: The ground when ripe. They germinate freely in the following spring. In its native range, the sycamore is associated with a biodiverse range of invertebrates and fungi, but these are not always present in areas to which it has been introduced. It is sometimes planted in urban areas for its value as an ornamental . It produces a hard-wearing, creamy-white close-grained timber that is used for making musical instruments, furniture, joinery, wood flooring and kitchen utensils. It also makes good firewood. The rising sap in spring has been used to extract sugar and make alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, and can be processed into

4590-647: The guitars to be produced if they were swirled at the same place his prototypes were: About Time Designs. After a brief period, the UV77MC Japanese Swirls were aborted in favor of the ATD-Swirled ones. The ATD swirled models were done at the ATD factory by Darren Johansen on Long Island N.Y. In 1991, Ibanez also introduced the UV777 . The most expensive Universe at the time, it was available in green with

4675-481: The laurel forest in Madeira and Portugal and is a potential threat to the rare endemic Madeiran orchid, Dactylorhiza foliosa . It is tolerant of a wide range of soil types and pH, except heavy clay, and is at its best on nutrient-rich, slightly calcareous soils. The roots of the sycamore form highly specific beneficial mycorrhizal associations with the fungus Glomus hoi , which promotes phosphorus uptake from

4760-459: The leaves are shed they leave horseshoe-shaped marks called leaf scars on the stem. The leaves are opposite, large, 10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 in) long and broad, palmate with 5 pointed lobes that are coarsely toothed or serrated . They have a leathery texture with thick veins protruding on the underside. They are dark green in colour with a paler underside. Some cultivars have purple-tinged or yellowish leaves. The leaf stalk or petiole

4845-462: The long run. Fungal species Coniothyrium ferrarisianum has also been isolated from leaves of Acer pseudoplatanus in Italy in 1958. Horses eating seeds or emergent seedlings of A. pseudoplatanus can suffer from an often fatal condition of atypical myopathy . Sycamore self-seeds very vigorously, the seeds germinating en masse in the spring so that there is little, or no, seed bank in

4930-508: The maples is the small east Asian genus Dipteronia , followed by the more widespread genus Aesculus (buckeyes and horse-chestnuts). Maple syrup is made from the sap of some maple species. It is one of the most common genera of trees in Asia. Many maple species are grown in gardens where they are valued for their autumn colour and often decorative foliage, some also for their attractive flowers, fruit, or bark. The closest relative of Acer

5015-599: The night-to-day temperatures change from freezing to thawing, maple trees may be tapped for sap to manufacture maple syrup . The sap is sent via tubing to a sugar house where it is boiled to produce syrup or made into maple sugar or maple taffy . It takes about 40 litres (42 US qt) of sugar maple sap to make 1 litre (1.1 US qt) of syrup. While any Acer species may be tapped for syrup, many do not have sufficient quantities of sugar to be commercially useful, whereas sugar maples ( A. saccharum ) are most commonly used to produce maple syrup. Québec, Canada

5100-619: The northeastern Palearctic. Rapid lineage divergence was followed by several independent dispersals to the Nearctic and Western Palearctic regions. Fifty-four species of maples meet the International Union for Conservation of Nature criteria for being under threat of extinction in their native habitat. The leaves are used as a food plant for the larvae of a number of the order Lepidoptera (see List of Lepidoptera that feed on maples). In high concentrations, caterpillars, like

5185-725: The other type opens later. Some trees may be male-starters in one year and female-starters in another. The change from one sex to the other may take place on different dates in different parts of the crown , and different trees in any one population may come into bloom over the course of several weeks, so that cross-pollination is encouraged, although self-pollination may not be completely prevented. The sycamore may hybridise with other species in Acer section Acer , including with A. heldreichii where their natural ranges overlap and with A.velutinum . Intersectional hybrids with A. griseum ( Acer section Trifoliata ) are also known, in which

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5270-416: The plumed prominent ( Ptilophora plumigera ). The horse-chestnut leaf miner ( Cameraria ohridella ) occasionally lays its eggs on the sycamore, although 70% of the larvae do not survive beyond the second instar . The leaves attract aphids, and also the ladybirds and hoverflies that feed on them. The flowers produce copious amounts of nectar and pollen and are attractive to bees and other insects, and

5355-495: The seeds are eaten by small mammals such as voles and birds. As an introduced plant, in Britain the sycamore has a relatively small associated insect fauna of about 15 species, but it does have a larger range of leafhoppers than does the native field maple. The tree may also be attacked by the horse chestnut scale insect ( Pulvinaria regalis ), which sucks sap from the trunk and branches, but does not cause serious damage to

5440-399: The seventeenth century. It was introduced into Sweden around 1770 with seeds obtained from Holland. The lack of old native names for it has been used to demonstrate its absence in Britain before introduction in around 1487, but this is challenged by the presence of an old Scottish Gaelic name for the tree, fior chrann which suggests a longer presence in Scotland at least as far back as

5525-566: The soil. It is readily propagated from seed in cultivation, but varieties cannot be relied on to breed true. Special cultivars such as A. pseudoplatanus 'Brilliantissimum' may be propagated by grafting. This variety is notable for the bright salmon-pink colour of the young foliage and is the only sycamore cultivar to have gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit . A rare weeping form with dangling branches, A. pseudoplatanus var. pendulum ,

5610-402: The soil. Sycamore mycorrhizas are of the internal arbuscular mycorrhizal type, in which the fungus grows within the tissues of the root and forms branched, tree-like structures within the cells of the root cortex. The larvae of a number of species of moth use the leaves as a food source. These include the sycamore moth ( Acronicta aceris ), the maple prominent ( Ptilodon cucullina ) and

5695-668: The spring and like that of sugar maple can be tapped to provide a refreshing drink, as a source of sugar and to make syrup or beer. Under this sycamore tree at Tolpuddle in Dorset , England, six agricultural labourers, known as the Tolpuddle Martyrs , formed an early trades union in 1834. They were found to have breached the Unlawful Oaths Act 1797 and were transported to Australia. The subsequent public outcry led to their release and return. The tree now has

5780-708: The stems. Most species require stratification in order to germinate , and some seeds can remain dormant in the soil for several years before germinating. The genus Acer , together with genus Dipteronia , were formerly often classified in a family of their own, the Aceraceae , but recent botanical consensus, including the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system, includes them in the family Sapindaceae ; their exclusion from Sapindaceae would leave that family paraphyletic . Within Sapindaceae, Acer

5865-604: The superficial similarity of the leaves and bark of the sycamore to those of plane trees in the genus Platanus , the prefix pseudo- (from Ancient Greek) meaning "false". However, the two genera are in different families that are only distantly related. Acer and Platanus differ in the position in which leaves are attached to the stem (alternate in Platanus , paired or opposite in Acer ) and in their fruit, which are spherical clusters in Platanus and paired samaras (winged fruit) in Acer . The common name "sycamore"

5950-779: The sycamore establishes itself easily from seed and was introduced to the British Isles by 1500. It is now naturalised there and in other parts of Europe , North America , Australia and New Zealand , where it may become an invasive species . The sycamore can grow to a height of about 35 m (115 ft) and the branches form a broad, rounded crown . The bark is grey, smooth when young and later flaking in irregular patches. The leaves grow on long leafstalks and are large and palmate , with five large radiating lobes. The flowers are greenish-yellow and hang in dangling flowerheads called panicles . They produce copious amounts of pollen and nectar that are attractive to insects. The winged seeds or samaras are borne in pairs and twirl to

6035-422: The sycamore is a natural component of birch ( Betula sp.), beech ( Fagus sp.) and fir ( Abies sp.) forests. It readily invades disturbed habitats such as forest plantations, abandoned farmland and brownfield land , railway lines and roadsides verges, hedgerows, native and semi-natural woodland. In New Zealand, it invades the high country tussock grassland. As an introduced, invasive species, it may degrade

6120-456: The sycamore is present in 3,461 (89.7%) of hectads in Britain, more than any native tree species. The sycamore has been introduced to suitable locations outside Europe as an attractive tree for park, street or garden. These include the United States, Canada, Australia ( Victoria and Tasmania ), Chile and New Zealand, Patagonia and the laurel forests of Madeira and the Azores . At

6205-473: The time of its introduction it was probably not appreciated that its prolific production of seeds might one day cause a problem to the landscape as it spread and out-competed native species. The tree is now considered to be an environmental weed in some parts of Australia ( Yarra Ranges , Victoria) and also Mount Macedon , near Daylesford , parts of the Dandenong Ranges , where it is naturalised in

6290-544: The tree and pressed coins into its trunk as votive offerings and it became known as the "Money Tree". Some years later, it fell down, but new shoots appeared from its base, and the water still welled up. It remains a place of veneration on St Fintan's day, February 17. The Sycamore Gap Tree or Robin Hood Tree was a sycamore tree standing next to Hadrian's Wall near Crag Lough in Northumberland , England. It

6375-418: The tree. Sometimes squirrels will strip the bark off branches, girdling the stem; as a result whole branches may die, leaving brown, wilted leaves. The sycamore gall mite Eriophyes macrorhynchus produces small red galls , similar to those of the nail gall mite Eriophyes tiliae , on leaves of sycamore and field maple, Acer campestris from April onwards. Another mite, Aceria pseudoplatani causes

6460-483: The trees' long-term health. A maple leaf is on the coat of arms of Canada , and is on the Canadian flag . The maple is a common symbol of strength and endurance and has been chosen as the national tree of Canada. Maple leaves are traditionally an important part of Canadian Forces military regalia, for example, the military rank insignia for generals use maple leaf symbols. There are 10 species naturally growing in

6545-422: The weight of maple, only the tops of Gibson 's Les Paul guitars are made from carved maple, often using quilted or flamed maple tops. Due to its weight, very few solid body guitars are made entirely from maple, but many guitars have maple necks, tops or veneers. Maple is also often used to make bassoons and sometimes for other woodwind instruments like maple recorders. Many drums are made from maple. From

6630-511: The wing of the samara catches the wind and rotates the fruit as it falls, slowing its descent and enabling the wind to disperse it further from the parent tree. The seeds are mature in autumn about four months after pollination. The sycamore is tetraploid (each cell having four sets of chromosomes, 2n=52), whereas A. campestre and A. platanoides are diploid (with 2 sets of chromosomes, 2n=26). Sycamore trees produce their flowers in hanging branched clusters known as panicles that contain

6715-406: The wood of choice for bowling pins, bowling alley lanes, pool and snooker cue shafts , and butcher's blocks . Maple wood is also used for the manufacture of wooden baseball bats , though less often than ash or hickory due to the tendency of maple bats to shatter if they do break. The maple bat was introduced to Major League Baseball (MLB) in 1998 by Sam Bat founder Sam Holman. Today it

6800-806: The world including the "five great W's" in England : Wakehurst Place Garden , Westonbirt Arboretum , Windsor Great Park , Winkworth Arboretum and Wisley Garden . In the United States , the aceretum at the Harvard -owned Arnold Arboretum in Boston is especially notable. In the number of species and cultivars, the Esveld Aceretum in Boskoop, Netherlands , is the largest in the world. Maples are important as sources of syrup and wood. Dried wood

6885-590: Was first sold by Knight & Perry's exotic nursery in Chelsea, England, before 1850 when the name was published by W.H. Baxter in the Supplement to Loudon's Hortus Brittanicus , but no specimens of this cultivar are known to survive. The sycamore is noted for its tolerance of wind, urban pollution, salt spray, and low summer temperatures, which makes it a popular tree for planting in cities, along roads treated with salt in winter, and in coastal localities. It

6970-481: Was in production only in 1997 and the manufacturing quantities are unknown. In 1998, the UV7BK was replaced with the UV777BK . It has been through some minor changes since its inception, but currently features a 5 piece maple/wenge neck with bound rosewood fingerboard, bound head, 24 large frets, a basswood body, DiMarzio Blaze pickups, "disappearing pyramid" fingerboard inlays, a "Light without Heat" pyramid logo below

7055-662: Was later cultivated as a park or street tree in New England and the Mid-Atlantic states . By the early part of the 21st century, it was naturalised in fourteen states ( Connecticut , Delaware , Illinois , Kentucky , Maine , Michigan , North Carolina , New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania , Rhode Island and Washington, D.C. ), and in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia , New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and Ontario . The United States Department of Agriculture considers it an invasive species. In its native range,

7140-498: Was located in a dramatic dip in the landscape and was a popular photographic subject, described as one of the most photographed trees in the country. It derived its alternative name from featuring in a prominent scene in the 1991 film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves . The tree was a few hundred years old and once stood with others, but they had been removed over time, possibly to improve sightlines or for gamekeeping purposes. It

7225-468: Was originally applied to the fig species Ficus sycomorus , the sycamore or sycomore referred to in the Bible , that is native to Africa and Southwest Asia. Other common names for the tree include false plane-tree, great maple, Scottish maple, mount maple, mock-plane, or Celtic maple. The sycamore is a large, broad-leaved deciduous tree that reaches 20–35 m (66–115 ft) tall at maturity,

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