Ice Haven is a 2005 graphic novel by acclaimed cartoonist Daniel Clowes . The book's contents were originally published as the comic book Eightball #22 before being reformatted to make the hardcover Ice Haven book. Originally, Eightball #22 was a comic book series that Clowes released in 2001. The work was initially inspired by Leopold and Loeb, and by Charles Schultz' Peanuts .
46-413: Set in the fictional small town of Ice Haven, the graphic novel comprises 29 short, stylistically diverse comic strips. These strips explore the lives of the town's residents, each providing a unique perspective on the town's dynamics. Although each strip is separately titled and presented as if it is self-contained, together they tell a story about the characters' interrelated lives. Collectively, they create
92-738: A Fula maabo , was appointed as the court poet of the Songhai chief Mossi Gaidou in Dargol, Niger . Poets Laureate of Nigeria include Obo Aba Hisanjani and Niyi Osundare . Mamman Jiya Vatsa was the inaugural poet laureate of Abuja, Nigeria . Tanure Ojaide was the Poet Laureate of the Niger Delta . During the 18th century in Rwanda 's history, Semidogoro was the official court poet of Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo . Sekarama
138-517: A career as a poet, they can be helpful as training, and for giving the student several years of time focused on their writing. Lyrical poets who write sacred poetry (" hymnographers ") differ from the usual image of poets in a number of ways. A hymnographer such as Isaac Watts who wrote 700 poems in his lifetime, may have their lyrics sung by millions of people every Sunday morning, but are not always included in anthologies of poetry . Because hymns are perceived of as " worship " rather than "poetry",
184-597: A continuation of patronage of poets by royalty. Many poets, however, had other sources of income, including Italians like Dante Aligheri , Giovanni Boccaccio and Petrarch 's works in a pharmacist's guild and William Shakespeare 's work in the theater. In the Romantic period and onwards, many poets were independent writers who made their living through their work, often supplemented by income from other occupations or from family. This included poets such as William Wordsworth and Robert Burns . Poets such as Virgil in
230-751: A dozen national governments continue the poet laureate tradition. In Algeria , during the 11th century, Ibn Sharaf al-Qayrawani was the court poet of the Zīrids . Al-Thaghri Al-Tilimsani was appointed as a court poet during the Zayyanid dynasty . Boûbacar Tinguidji, a Fula maabo , was appointed as the court poet of the Ruler of Dori . Poets Laureate of Cameroon include René Philombé . Poets Laureate of Cape Verde include Eugénio Tavares . Ahmed Shawqi became Egypt 's Poet Laureate in 1894. Poets Laureate of Eritrea include Reesom Haile. In Ethiopia ,
276-400: A narrative centered around the kidnapping of a young boy named David Goldberg. This central plot ties together the seemingly disparate lives of the characters, revealing their connections and the impact of the event on the community. Random Wilder – The supposedly humble narrator of the story who is neither humble nor much of a narrator. He is mainly concerned with his own problems. Wilder
322-465: A short comic, Blue Bunny is shown in his anthropomorphic form, where he is revealed to be psychotic. Penrod – Violet's love interest. He doesn't return Violet's affection at all. Rocky – A caveman mainly concerned with survival, procreation, and other aspects of living in the year 100,000 B.C. He apparently was the first man to arrive at the location of modern-day Ice Haven. Officer Kaufman – A police officer who appears on and off throughout
368-450: A stationery store and is generally miserable. Kim Lee – A convenience store worker who is uncommunicative with customers. Paula – A young girl who goes to school with Charles and Carmichael. She is taking ballet and is revealed to have a particularly gloomy outlook. George – Charles's young neighbor in whom he confides. George rarely speaks and is never seen without his toy, Blue Bunny. Blue Bunny – George's stuffed animal. In
414-487: A well established poet, was banished from Rome by the first Augustus for one of his poems. During the High Middle Ages , troubadors were an important class of poets. They came from a variety of backgrounds, often living and traveling in many different places and were looked upon as actors or musicians as much as poets. Some were under patronage, but many traveled extensively. The Renaissance period saw
460-804: Is also popular with regional and community groups. Examples include the Pikes Peak Poet Laureate, which is designated by a "Presenting Partners" group from within the community, the Minnesota poet laureate chosen by the League of Minnesota Poets (est. 1934), the Northampton Poet Laureate chosen by the Northampton Arts Council, and the Martha's Vineyard Poet Laureate chosen by ten judges representing
506-518: Is an aspiring writer who nurses a bitter rivalry with Ice Haven's current poet laureate , Ida Wentz. He lives alone and looks down on the general public. Vida – Described as an "out-of-town guest", Vida is a struggling writer who is visiting her grandmother, Ida Wentz. She writes a magazine which doesn't sell. After reading some of Random Wilder's poems, she becomes obsessed with the neighbor who she describes as an "owlish oddity", and begins to follow him around. David Goldberg – The silent boy who
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#1732798584841552-446: Is essentially one of communication, expressing ideas either in a literal sense (such as communicating about a specific event or place) or metaphorically . Poets have existed since prehistory , in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary greatly in different cultures and periods. Throughout each civilization and language, poets have used various styles that have changed over time, resulting in countless poets as diverse as
598-469: Is kidnapped during the course of the story. Charles – A quiet boy who only talks at length and intelligently to his young neighbor, George. He's disturbed by the behavior he observes from Carmichael, with whom he goes to school. Secretly, Charles is madly in love with his stepsister, Violet, and wishes to end the marriage of their parents in order for them to be together at a later date. Carmichael – A "troubled youth." He speaks mainly to Charles, though
644-532: Is otherwise emotionally unreadable. He cares deeply for both his wife and his work. Mrs. Ames – Mr. Ames's wife, who is investigating the case alongside her husband. She grows increasingly fed up with him and their marriage. It is implied that she pursues multiple extramarital affairs while in Ice Haven. Ida Wentz – Vida's kindly and emotional grandmother. A poet laureate residing in Ice Haven. Julie Rathman – An overweight friend of Violet's who works at
690-440: Is teased at school, and appears to be friendly only with a girl named Julie. Harry Naybors – A serious comic book enthusiast and critic . He is the first character to be introduced after David Goldberg. Harry is the only character to break the fourth wall and speak directly to the reader. Mr. Ames – A private investigator who comes to Ice Haven to look into the disappearance of David Goldberg. He has angry outbursts but
736-575: The Aeneid and John Milton in Paradise Lost invoked the aid of a Muse . Poets held an important position in pre-Islamic Arabic society with the poet or sha'ir filling the role of historian, soothsayer and propagandist. Words in praise of the tribe ( qit'ah ) and lampoons denigrating other tribes ( hija' ) seem to have been some of the most popular forms of early poetry. The sha'ir represented an individual tribe's prestige and importance in
782-1115: The Arabian Peninsula , and mock battles in poetry or zajal would stand in lieu of real wars. 'Ukaz, a market town not far from Mecca , would play host to a regular poetry festival where the craft of the sha'irs would be exhibited. Poets of earlier times were often well read and highly educated people while others were to a large extent self-educated. A few poets such as John Gower and John Milton were able to write poetry in more than one language. Some Portuguese poets, as Francisco de Sá de Miranda , wrote not only in Portuguese but also in Spanish. Jan Kochanowski wrote in Polish and in Latin, France Prešeren and Karel Hynek Mácha wrote some poems in German, although they were poets of Slovenian and Czech respectively. Adam Mickiewicz ,
828-636: The Campidoglio on April 8, 1341. Because the Renaissance figures who were attempting to revive the Classical tradition lacked detailed knowledge of the Roman precedent they were attempting to emulate, these ceremonies took on the character of doctoral candidatures. In Persia, the poet laureate ( amīr- or malek-al-šoʿarāʾ ) carried artistic authority and were provided sources of income. Since
874-469: The literature that (since the advent of writing systems) they have produced. The civilization of Sumer figures prominently in the history of early poetry, and The Epic of Gilgamesh , a widely read epic poem, was written in the Third Dynasty of Ur c. 2100 BC; copies of the poem continued to be published and written until c. 600 to 150 BC. However, as it arises from an oral tradition ,
920-465: The 10th century, Muhammad ibn Hani al-Andalusi al-Azdi was appointed as the chief court poet to the Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz . Also, in the 10th century, Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi was the court poet of Fatimid caliphs al-Qa'im , al-Mansur , and al-Mu'izz . Poets Laureate of Tunisia include Qasim Shabi. Poets Laureate of Uganda include Akena Adoko. Ginyilitshe Hlabangana was
966-560: The Martha's Vineyard Poetry Society. In ancient Greece , the laurel was used to form a crown or wreath of honour for poets and heroes. The custom derives from the ancient myth of Daphne and Apollo (Daphne signifying "laurel" in Greek), and was revived in Padua for Albertino Mussato , followed by Petrarch 's own crowning ceremony in the audience hall of the medieval senatorial palazzo on
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#17327985848411012-475: The Republic of Liberia have included Roland T. Dempster , Melvin B. Tolson (1947), and Patricia Jabbeh Wesley . Libya -born Callimachus was appointed as an imperial court poet to Ptolemy II Philadelphus . Poets Laureate of Madagascar include Jacques Rabemananjara . Poets Laureate of Malawi include Jack Mapanje . Poets Laureate of Mali include Ban Sumana Sisòkò. Mohamed Ould Taleb
1058-469: The book. The comic generated controversy when Nate Fisher, a high school teacher in Guilford , Connecticut gave Eightball #22 ( Ice Haven ) to a student as a make-up summer reading assignment. The student's parents had concerns about the book's appropriateness. The superintendent of Guilford High School said the book was inappropriate for 13-year-olds and placed Fisher on leave. Fisher resigned before
1104-947: The chief. In the Xhosa language , Imbongi YeSizwethe can be translated to mean either "poet laureate" or " national poet ". Similar to what is expressed in the Xhosa term, some poets have been dually noted as "poet laureate" and "national poet" depending upon the source: Kazi Nazrul Islam ( Bangladesh ), Rabindranath Tagore ( India ), José Craveirinha ( Mozambique ), Mahmoud Darwish ( Palestine ), Mohamed Ibrahim Warsame 'Hadrawi' ( Somalia ), Edwin Thumboo ( Singapore ) and Taras Shevchenko ( Ukraine ). This contrasts with other figures such as Shamsur Rahman ( Bangladesh ), Thomas Moore ( Bermuda ), Francisco Borja da Costa ( Timor–Leste ) and Haji Gora Haji ( Zanzibar ) —who are conferred an "unofficial poet laureate" status due to their poetical works. As of modern times, over
1150-500: The greatest poet of Polish language, wrote a Latin ode for emperor Napoleon III . Another example is Jerzy Pietrkiewicz , a Polish poet. When he moved to Great Britain, he ceased to write poetry in Polish, but started writing a novel in English. He also translated poetry into English. Many universities offer degrees in creative writing though these only came into existence in the 20th century. While these courses are not necessary for
1196-449: The matter was fully investigated. Poet laureate A poet laureate (plural: poets laureate ) is a poet officially appointed by a government or conferring institution, typically expected to compose poems for special events and occasions. Albertino Mussato of Padua and Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) of Arezzo were the first to be crowned poets laureate after the classical age, respectively in 1315 and 1342. In Britain,
1242-499: The office of poet laureate has become widely adopted, the term "laureate" has come to signify recognition for preeminence or superlative achievement ( cf. Nobel laureate ). A royal degree in rhetoric , poet laureate was awarded at European universities in the Middle Ages . The term therefore may refer to the holder of such a degree, which recognized skill in rhetoric, grammar, and language. During England 's seventeenth century,
1288-557: The official poet laureate (or Imbongi YeNkosi ) for the Ndebele Kingdom (now called Matabeleland, Zimbabwe ). During the 10–11th century, Unsuri was made poet laureate by Sultan Maḥmūd of Ghazna . Modern Poets Laureate of Afghanistan include Abdullah "Malik al-Shu'Ara" Qari, Sufi Abdul Bitab, and Ustad Khalilullah Khalili . Poets Laureate of Armenia include Avetik Isahakian and Hovhannes Toumanian (1970). In 1502, Azerbaijan -born court poet Habibi earned
1334-464: The officially designated Laureate includes Tsegaye Gebre-Medhin . Tsegaye's award was granted in 1966 by His Majesty, Haile-Selasie II. Poets Laureate of The Gambia include Lenrie Peters . Poets Laureate of Ghana include Atukwei Okai . Muyaka bin Haji al-Ghassaniy was the Poet Laureate of Mombasa, Kenya . Poets Laureate of Lesotho include Joshua Pulumo Mohapeloa . Poets Laureate for
1380-535: The poet is unknown. The Story of Sinuhe was a popular narrative poem from the Middle Kingdom of Egypt , written c. 1750 BC, about an ancient Egyptian man named Sinuhe , who flees his country and lives in a foreign land until his return, shortly before his death. The Story of Sinuhe was one of several popular narrative poems in Ancient Egyptian . Scholars have conjectured that Story of Sinuhe
1426-431: The poet laureate served as the "court poet" of royalty, and was often called upon to celebrate state occasions until that role was abolished during the early 1800s. The skald in ancient Scandinavia often spent their careers too serving as the court poets of Norway 's kings. Just like the first English poet laureates, ministers during China 's feudal era presented "commanded poems" at royal events and were beholden to
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1472-627: The poet laureate. During the Tang dynasty , He Zhichang was appointed as the poet laureate of Emperor Ho Kwei. Zhou Boqi was a court poet appointed during the Yuan Dynasty . During the 19th century, after the Turks invaded Cyprus , Mufti Hilmi Efendi was appointed the poet laureate of Sultan Mahmud II . In 1980, the World Academy of Arts and Culture awarded Cyprus -born Costas Montis
1518-722: The ruling class. In Japan , the poet laureate ( keikanshijin ) was also imperially appointed and were often called upon to read at the annual Utakai Hajime . Comparatively, in Africa , kingdoms such as the Kuba in the Belgian Congo (modern day Democratic Republic of the Congo ) appointed bards that served as both the royal historian and poet laureate. In addition to being known as poet laureates, bards were also referred to as "praise-poets" due to their special function of venerating
1564-726: The term dates from the appointment of Bernard André by Henry VII of England . The royal office of Poet Laureate in England dates from the appointment of John Dryden in 1668. In modern times a poet laureate title may be conferred by an organization such as the Poetry Foundation , which designates a Young People's Poet Laureate, unconnected with the National Youth Poet Laureate and the United States Poet Laureate . The office
1610-401: The title "king of poets" from Safavid king Ismail I . Poets Laureate of Azerbaijan include Bakhtiyar Vahabzadeh . Bahrain -born Muḥammad Sharīf al-Shībānī served as the poet laureate of the court of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (c. 1967). During the 15th century, Zainuddin was appointed the court poet of Bengal while under the patronage of Prince Yusuf Khan . Yusuf-Zulekha
1656-486: The title of Poet Laureate. Heraclius II of Georgia appointed Sayat-Nova as his poet laureate at the court of Tblisi . In India , poet laureates were maintained at the royal courts beginning in ancient times. For instance, in Ancient India , Harisena was designated poet laureate by Emperor Samudragupta . During the 7th century, Emperor Harsha proclaimed Bāṇabhaṭṭa as the poet laureate. Jayamkondar
1702-553: The two are not exactly friends. After he loans Charles a book about the Leopold and Loeb murder (the contents of which are summarized in a one-page comic strip), Charles suspects he might be involved in David Goldberg's disappearance. Violet – A teenager in her senior year of high school. She is romantically involved with a boy named Penrod and often daydreams about him. She is unhappy at home with her mother and stepfather,
1748-440: Was a Paramama court poet. In the mid-11th century, Nannaya was the poet-laureate of Rajaraja Narendra . In the 15th century, Cherusseri Namboothiri was the court poet of Udaya Varma. During the 15th-16th centuries, Allasani Peddana was the poet laureate of Emperor Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara . In the 16th century, Shaikh Gadai Kamboh was the poet laureate in the court of Sultan of Sikandar Lodhi. In 1665, Nusrati
1794-492: Was actually written by an Ancient Egyptian man named Sinuhe, describing his life in the poem; therefore, Sinuhe is conjectured to be a real person. In Ancient Rome , professional poets were generally sponsored by patrons , including nobility and military officials. For instance, Gaius Cilnius Maecenas , friend to Caesar Augustus , was an important patron for the Augustan poets, including both Horace and Virgil . Ovid ,
1840-626: Was appointed as the official court poet during Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz 's presidency in Mauritania . Poets Laureate of Mauritius include Édouard Maunick . In the 13th century, Abdelaziz al-Malzuzi was the court poet of Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq . During the 16th-17th centuries in Morocco 's history, Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali was appointed as the poet laureate of the Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur . Burkina Faso -born Boûbacar Tinguidji,
1886-490: Was made a poet laureate by Sultan ʿAlī II ( r. 1656–1672) of the ʿĀdil-Shāhī dynasty . During the Mughal Empire , Emperor Akbar made Birbal the poet laureate. In the aforementioned empire's later history, Taleb Amoli was Emperor Jahangir 's poet laureate from 1618–1627, and Emperor Shah Jahan appointed Jagannatha Panditaraja as the poet laureate during his reign. In the 18th century, Bharatchandra Ray
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1932-455: Was made poet laureate by Chola Emperor Kulottunga I . In the 10th century, Ranna was the poet laureate of Western Chalukya Kings Tailapa II and Satyashraya . Adikavi Pampa was the court poet of Vemulavada Chalukya king Arikesari II . Also, in the 10th century, Ponna received the title Kavichakravarthi (poet laureate) and Ubhaya-Chakravarthi (imperial poet in two languages) from Rashtrakuta king Krishna III . Padmagupta Parimala
1978-571: Was the court poet of Shaka Zulu . During the 10th century, David Livingstone Phakamile (Yali-Manisi) was the poet laureate of Kaiser Matanzima . Poets Laureate of South Africa include Mazisi Kunene (2005), Keorapetse Kgositsile (2006), and Mongane Wally Serote (2018– ). During the 1800s in Sudan , Al U'aysir was the court poet ( inqīb ) of the Ja'alin tribe King Mek Nimr . Poets Laureate of Tanzania include Saadani Kandoro (1969). During
2024-794: Was the court poet of Sultan of Bengal , Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah . Sometime during the 15th-16th century, Shah Muhammad Saghir was the poet laureate of the Sultan of Bengal Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah . Daulat Qazi , born in what is now modern day Bangladesh , was officially appointed as the poet for the Arakan court in Myanmar (then ruled by King Thiri Thudhamma ). Poets Laureate of Brunei include royal poet Omar Ali Saifuddien III . Poets Laureate of Cambodia include Ind (1907–1924). In Ancient China , Emperor Yuan of Han appointed Shi You as
2070-404: Was the court poet of Maharaja Krishnachandra. Poet A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry . Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator ( thinker , songwriter , writer , or author ) who creates (composes) poems ( oral or written ), or they may also perform their art to an audience . The work of a poet
2116-461: Was the official court poet during the reigns of Kigeli IV Rwabugiri and Mutara III Rudahigwa . Poets Laureate of Rwanda include Edouard Bamporiki Uwayo. Poets Laureate of Senegal include Léopold Sédar Senghor and Robert Hayden (1966). Poets Laureate of Sierra Leone include the Italian authors Roberto Malini and Dario Picciau . In the 19th century, Magolwane kaMkhathini Jiyane
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