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43-459: The village of Psychro ( 35°09′54″N 25°27′04″E  /  35.165°N 25.451°E  / 35.165; 25.451  ( Psychro (village) ) ) is 1,025 metres above sea level. The cave is located in the prefecture of Lasithi . In Minoan times, the town of Malia was the closest metropolitan center. Dictaean Cave is famous in Greek mythology as the place where Amalthea , nurtured

86-647: A Roman district. The term prefecture is used for the modern first-level subdivisions of the Central African Republic , Japan , and Morocco . Prefecture originally refers to a self-governing body or area since the tetrarchy , when Emperor Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into four districts (each divided into dioceses ), grouped under a Vicarius (a number of Roman provinces , listed under that article), although he maintained two pretorian prefectures as an administrative level above

129-537: A classical style and stands on Beaumont Street. One wing of the building is occupied by the Taylor Institution , the modern languages faculty of the university, standing on the corner of Beaumont Street and St Giles' Street. This wing of the building was also designed by Charles Cockerell, using the Ionic order of Greek architecture. Sir Arthur Evans , who was appointed keeper in 1884 and retired in 1908,

172-522: A prefettura is the office of a prefetto , the representative of the Government in each province . In France, a préfecture is the capital city of a department , and by metonymy also designates the office and residence of the prefect. As there are 101 departments in France, there are 101 prefectures. A préfecture de région is the capital city of an administrative region . This is the city where

215-582: A doubling of the display space, as well as new conservation studios and an education centre. The renovated museum re-opened on 7 November 2009. On 26 November 2011, the Ashmolean opened to the public the new galleries of Ancient Egypt and Nubia . This second phase of major redevelopment now allows the museum to exhibit objects that have been in storage for decades, more than doubling the number of coffins and mummies on display. The project received lead support from Lord Sainsbury's Linbury Trust , along with

258-514: A picture of the destruction wrought by primitive archaeological methods: immense fallen blocks from the upper cave roof were blasted before removal; the rich black earth had been previously ransacked. The stuccoed altar in the upper cave was discovered in 1900, surrounded by strata of ashes, pottery and "other refuse", among which were votive objects in bronze , terracotta , iron and bone, with fragments of some thirty libation tables and countless conical ceramic cups for food offerings. Bones among

301-541: A restaurant and large gift shop. In 2000, the Chinese Picture Gallery, designed by van Heyningen and Haward Architects , opened at the entrance of the Ashmolean and is partly integrated into the structure. It was inserted into a lightwell in the Grade I listed building and was designed to support future construction from its roof. Apart from the original Cockerell spaces, this gallery was the only part of

344-399: Is also a unique sacred cave for a bronze leg, also known as a votive body part, which is the only votive body part to be found in a sacred cave. More common sacred cave finds at Psychro include stone and ceramic lamps. Psychro yielded an uncommon number of semi-precious stones, including carnelian , steatite , amethyst , jasper and hematite . Psychro's artefacts are now on display at

387-667: Is largely responsible for the current museum. Evans found that the keeper and the vice-chancellor ( Benjamin Jowett ) had managed to lose half of the Ashmole collection and had converted the original building into the Examination Rooms. Charles Drury Edward Fortnum had offered to donate his personal collection of antiques on condition that the museum was put on a sound footing. A donation of £10,000 from Fortnum (£1.44 million as of 2024) enabled Evans to build an extension to

430-649: The Oxford English Dictionary . Since 1924, the building has been established as the Museum of the History of Science , with exhibitions including the scientific instruments given to Oxford University by Lewis Evans , amongst them the world's largest collection of astrolabes . Charles Buller Heberden left £1,000 (£56,000 as of 2024) to the university in 1921, which was used for the Coin Room at

473-795: The Egypt Exploration Society 's Oxyrhynchus Papyri held by the museum were allegedly stolen from the collection and sold to the American Museum of the Bible . In 2024, the museum agreed to return a 500-year-old bronze sculpture of the Hindu poet and saint Thirumangai Alvar that it had purchased at an auction at Sotheby's in 1967, after the Indian High Commission in the United Kingdom filed

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516-742: The Heraklion Museum , the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford , the Louvre and the British Museum . Idaean Cave ( Greek : Ιδαίο άντρο ) is a system of caves located on the slopes of Mount Ida on Crete ( 35°12′30″N 24°49′44″E  /  35.2082°N 24.8290°E  / 35.2082; 24.8290  ( Idaean Cave ) ). The deep cave has a single entrance and features stalagmites and stalactites. In antiquity it

559-648: The 17th-century "Tudor House" at Broadway, Worcestershire , in the Cotswolds, in partnership with the Ashmolean Museum. In 2017 the museum became known as the Broadway Museum and Art Gallery. The collection includes paintings and furniture from the founding collections of the Ashmolean Museum, given by Elias Ashmole to the University of Oxford in 1683, and local exhibits expand upon elements of

602-434: The 75 second-level administrative subdivisions are 13 prefectures and 62 provinces . They are subdivisions of the 12 regions of Morocco . Each prefecture and province are subdivided in their turn into districts ( cercles , sing. cercle ), municipalities ( communes , sing. commune ) or urban municipalities ( communes urbaines , sing. commune urbaine ), and arrondissements in some metropolitan areas. Traditionally

645-492: The Ashmolean, opened in 2001 and has allowed an expansion of the book collection, which concentrates on classical civilization, archaeology, and art history. Between 2006 and 2009, the museum was expanded to the designs of architect Rick Mather and the exhibition design company Metaphor , supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund . The $ 98.2 million rebuilding resulted in five floors instead of three, with

688-536: The Selz Foundation, Mr Christian Levett, as well as other trusts, foundations, and individuals. Rick Mather Architects led the redesign and display of the four previous Egypt galleries and the extension to the restored Ruskin Gallery, previously occupied by the museum shop. In May 2016, the museum opened new galleries dedicated to the display of its collection of Victorian art. This development allowed for

731-546: The University Galleries and move the Ashmolean collection there in 1894. In 1908, the Ashmolean and the University Galleries were combined as the Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology. The museum became a depository for some of the important archaeological finds from Evans' excavations in Crete. After the various specimens had been moved into new museums, the "Old Ashmolean" building was used as office space for

774-512: The Younger . It included antique coins, books, engravings, geological specimens, and zoological specimens—one of which was the stuffed body of the last dodo ever seen in Europe; but by 1755 the stuffed dodo was so moth-eaten that it was destroyed, except for its head and one claw. The present building dates from 1841 to 1845. It was designed as the University Galleries by Charles Cockerell in

817-530: The also surviving dioceses (a few of which were split). As canon law is strongly inspired by Roman law, it is not surprising that the Catholic Church has several offices under a prefect. That term occurs also in otherwise styled offices, such as the head of a congregation or department of the Roman Curia . Various ecclesiastical areas, too small for a diocese , are termed prefects. In Brazil ,

860-498: The ash layer attest to sacrifice of bulls, sheep and goats, deer and a boar. The undisturbed lowest strata of the upper cave represented the transition between Late Minoan Kamares ware to earliest Mycenaean levels; finds represented the Geometric Style of the ninth century BCE, but few later than that. More recent excavation has revealed the use of the cave reached back to Early Minoan times, and votive objects attest to

903-524: The bequest of Arthur Evans and so has a collection of Greek and Minoan pottery. The department also has an extensive collection of antiquities from Ancient Egypt and the Sudan , and the museum hosts the Griffith Institute for the advancement of Egyptology . Highlights of the Ashmolean's collection include: Recent major bequests and acquisitions include: In 2013 a museum was opened in

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946-553: The cave are part, are known in Crete as Dikte . The cave was first excavated in 1886 by Joseph Hatzidakis, President of the Syllogos at Candia, and F. Halbherr. In 1896, Sir Arthur Evans investigated the site. In 1898 Pierre Demargne conducted brief investigations, followed by David George Hogarth of the British School at Athens in 1900 who carried out more extensive operations. Hogarth's reports published in 1900 give

989-579: The cave's being the most frequented shrine by Middle Minoan times (MM IIIA). The lower grotto falls steeply with traces of a rock-cut stair to a pool, out of which stalactites rise. "Much earth had been thrown down by diggers of the Upper Grotto," Hogarth reported, "and this was found full of small bronze objects." In the vertical chinks of the lowest stalactites, Hogarth's team found "toy double-axes , knife-blades, needles, and other objects in bronze, placed there by dedicators, as in niches. The mud at

1032-531: The cave, so that the clamour would keep Cronus from hearing the infant's crying. Excavations have revealed a large number of votive cult offerings on the site. Prefecture A prefecture (from the Latin praefectura ) is an administrative jurisdiction traditionally governed by an appointed prefect . This can be a regional or local government subdivision in various countries, or a subdivision in certain international church structures, as well as in antiquity

1075-504: The country's main administrative units. These are most commonly translated into English as "prefectures" or "counties". Each nomos was headed by a prefect ( νομάρχης , nomarches ), who was a ministerial appointee until ca. 1990, but was then elected by direct popular vote in a process of decentralization that saw the prefectures become local government units. Municipal elections in Greece are held every four years and voting for

1118-452: The edge of the subterranean pool was also rich in similar things and in statuettes of two types, male and female and engraved gems ." In 1961, the art historian and archaeologist John Boardman published the finds uncovered by these and other excavations. While clay human figurines are normally found in peak sanctuaries , Psychro and the sanctuary on Mount Ida stand out as the only sacred caves that have yielded human figurines. Psychro

1161-461: The election of prefects and mayors was carried out concurrently but with separate ballots. The 2010 Kallikratis plan , which took effect on 1 January 2011, abolished the prefectures as separate administrative units, and transformed them into regional units within the country's thirteen administrative regions . When used in the context of Chinese history , especially China before the Tang dynasty ,

1204-426: The infant Zeus with her goat's milk. The archaeology attests to the site's long use as a place of cult worship . The nurse of Zeus, who was charged by Rhea to raise the infant Zeus in secret here, to protect him from his father Cronus (Krónos) is also called the nymph Adrasteia in some contexts. It is one of a number of caves believed to have been the birthplace or hiding place of Zeus. The mountains, of which

1247-408: The modern province . In modern-day China , the prefecture ( 地区 ; pinyin : dìqū ) is an administrative division found in the second level of the administrative hierarchy. In addition to prefectures, this level also includes autonomous prefectures, leagues , and prefecture-level cities . The prefecture level comes under the province level , and in turn oversees the county level . In Italy

1290-652: The modern sense. The capital, Hanyang ( Seoul ), can sometimes be translated as "Hanseong Prefecture". In 1895, Hyeon and Dohobu divisions were abolished. From 1910 to 1949, the term "prefecture" was used to translate Bu ( 부 ; 府 ). Since 1949 neither Hyeon nor Bu have been used, and there has been no division in either the South Korean or North Korean administrative system which translates as "prefecture". Mongolian prefectures ( Aimags ) were adopted during Qing dynasty's rule . Today these are usually translated as "provinces". In Morocco ,

1333-553: The museum also opened redisplayed galleries of 19th-century art. The museum opened on 24 May 1683, with naturalist Robert Plot as the first keeper. The building on Broad Street (later known as the Old Ashmolean ) is sometimes attributed to Sir Christopher Wren or Thomas Wood. Elias Ashmole had acquired the collection from the gardeners, travellers, and collectors John Tradescant the Elder and his son, John Tradescant

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1376-534: The museum retained in the rebuilding. The gallery houses the Ashmolean's own collection and is also used from time to time for the display of loan exhibitions and works by contemporary Chinese artists. It is the only museum gallery in Britain devoted to Chinese paintings. The Bodleian Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library (formerly the Sackler Library ), incorporating the older library collections of

1419-564: The museum. In 2012, the Ashmolean was awarded a grant of $ 1.1m by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to establish the University Engagement Programme or UEP. The programme employs three teaching curators and a programme director to develop the use of the museum's collections in the teaching and research of the university. The interior of the Ashmolean has been extensively modernised in recent years and now includes

1462-448: The painting has been described as an important work illustrating the transition from early to mature Cézanne painting. As the thieves ignored other works in the same room, and the stolen Cézanne has not been offered for sale, it is speculated that this was a case of an artwork stolen to order. The Cézanne has not been recovered and is one of the FBI's Top Ten Art Crimes. In 2010 several of

1505-407: The prefect - the appointed government representative - resides. In English, "prefecture" is used as the translation for todōfuken ( 都道府県 ) , which are the main subdivisions of Japan. They consist of 43 prefectures (県 ken) proper, two urban prefectures (府 fu, Osaka and Kyoto), one "circuit" or "territory" (道 dō, Hokkaido) and one "metropolis" (都 to, Tokyo). Before the end of World War II, the word

1548-589: The prefecture ( prefeitura or prefeitura municipal in Portuguese ) is the executive branch of the government of each Brazilian municipality ( município in Portuguese). The term also refers to the office of the mayor ( prefeito in Portuguese). The Central African Republic is divided into twenty prefectures . From 1836 until 2011, modern Greece was divided into nomoi ( Greek : νομοί , singular νομός , nomos ) which formed

1591-499: The prefecture as being the City Hall and the prefect as being the equivalent of a mayor and commissioner until recently; now the prefectures and prefect are analogous with the figure of Town Clerk . Ashmolean Museum The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology ( / æ ʃ ˈ m oʊ l i ən , ˌ æ ʃ m ə ˈ l iː ən / ) on Beaumont Street , Oxford , England, is Britain's first public museum. Its first building

1634-464: The return to the Ashmolean of the Great Bookcase , designed by William Burges , and described as "the most important example of Victorian painted furniture ever made." The main museum contains huge collections of archaeological specimens and fine art. It has one of the best collections of Pre-Raphaelite paintings, majolica pottery, and English silver. The archaeology department includes

1677-476: The timeline of the village. Upcoming planned exhibitions include: Major exhibitions in recent years include: Beginning in 1973, the position of Keeper was superseded by that of Director: On 31 December 1999, during the fireworks that accompanied the celebration of the millennium , thieves used scaffolding on an adjoining building to climb onto the roof of the museum and stole Cézanne 's landscape painting View of Auvers-sur-Oise . Valued at £3 million,

1720-582: The word "prefecture" is used to translate xian ( 縣 ). This unit of administration is translated as "county" when used in a contemporary context, because of the increase of the number of "xian" and the decrease of their sizes over time in the Chinese history. In the context of Chinese history during or after the Tang dynasty , the word "prefecture" is used to translate zhou (Wade–Giles chou ( 州 ), another ancient unit of administration in China, equivalent to

1763-499: Was a place of worship because it was believed to be the cave where the titan Rhea hid the infant Zeus , to protect him from his father Cronus , who intended to swallow him like others of his progeny. It is one of a number of caves believed to have been the birthplace or hiding place of Zeus. According to a variant of this legend, the Kouretes , a band of mythical warriors, undertook to dance their wild, noisy war dances in front of

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1806-656: Was also used for overseas areas 庁 (chō)、州 (shu) and 道 (dō, in Korea). Until 1894 Hyeon ( Korean :  현 ; Hanja :  縣 ) was the lowest level administrative division in Korea and can be translated into "Petty Prefecture" in the modern sense. It was below Gun ( 군 , 郡 ; "county") in the administrative hierarchy. Dohobu ( 도호부 ; 都護府 ) was a higher level administrative division and can be translated into "Protectorate General", "Greater Prefecture", "Metropolitan Prefecture", or "Martial Prefecture" in

1849-658: Was erected in 1678–1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities that Elias Ashmole gave to the University of Oxford in 1677. It is also the world's second university museum , after the establishment of the Kunstmuseum Basel in 1661 by the University of Basel . The present building was built between 1841 and 1845. The museum reopened in 2009 after a major redevelopment, and in November 2011, new galleries focusing on Egypt and Nubia were unveiled. In May 2016,

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