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72-415: Île Saint-Louis ( French: [il sɛ̃ lwi] ), eleven hectares (27 acres) in size, is one of two natural islands in the Seine river, in Paris , France (the other natural island is the Île de la Cité , where Notre-Dame de Paris is located). Île Saint-Louis is connected to the rest of Paris by four bridges to both banks of the river and to the Île de la Cité by the Pont Saint-Louis . The island

144-409: A basin to store rainwater, which would then be slowly released into the sewer system, preventing overflow. Plans also call for several public swimming areas to be made available by 2025, ending a ban instituted in 1923 due to the polluted water. These efforts have produced mixed results, as E. coli levels have often been found to be far higher than what is safe to swim in, though this could depend on

216-459: A population over 100,000 are in the Seine watershed: Le Havre at the estuary, Rouen in the Seine valley and Reims at the northern limit—with an annual urban growth rate of 0.2 percent. The population density is 201 per square kilometer. Tributaries of the Seine are, from source to mouth: Due to concentrated levels of industry, agriculture and urban populations of Paris and its surroundings,

288-582: Is 98 km (61 mi) long and has 8 locks. At Charenton-le-Pont is the mouth of the Marne . Upstream from Paris seven locks ensure navigation to Saint Mammès , where the Loing mouth is situated. Through an eighth lock the river Yonne is reached at Montereau-Fault-Yonne. From the mouth of the Yonne, larger ships can continue upstream to Nogent-sur-Seine (48 km [30 mi], 7 locks). From there on,

360-588: Is a 777-kilometre-long (483 mi) river in northern France . Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin (a geological relative lowland) covering most of northern France. It rises at Source-Seine , 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plateau, flowing through Paris and into the English Channel at Le Havre (and Honfleur on the left bank). It

432-585: Is associated with Latin; the Latin word seems to derive from the same root as Latin sequor (I follow) and English sequence , namely Proto-Indo-European *seik - , signifying 'to flow' or 'to pour forth'. On 28 or 29 March 845, an army of Vikings led by a chieftain named Reginherus, which is possibly another name for Ragnar Lothbrok , sailed up the River Seine with siege towers and sacked Paris . On 25 November 885, another Viking expedition led by Rollo

504-496: Is highly unusual in that Champaigne later reworked it as a portrait of a religious figure, Saint Louis (King Louis IX), to enable Voiture's daughter to keep it with her when she entered a convent. In depicting their faces, he refused to show a transitory expression, instead capturing the psychological essence of the person. His works can be seen in public buildings, private collections, churches such as Val-de-Grâce , Sorbonne , Saint Severin , Saint-Merri , Saint-Médard and in

576-477: Is located in the center of the island, going east to west from one end to the other. Despite its commercial character, it still retains many early residential buildings, the most notable of which is Hôtel Lambert , located at the Quai Anjou on the eastern end of the island. This large town house, with a rotunda overlooking the Seine, was constructed beginning in 1640 by the royal architect, Louis Le Vau. Due to

648-452: Is located within the 4th arrondissement of Paris and has a population of 4,453. The island was first known as the Île Notre-Dame , and was used mostly for grazing cattle, fishing, drying laundry, and occasionally for fighting duels. In 1360 it was cut in half by a canal, at about the current Rue Poulettiere, in order to bring it into the protection of the new wall around the city built by King Charles V , The slightly smaller eastern portion

720-490: Is navigable by ocean-going vessels as far as Rouen , 120 kilometres (75 mi) from the sea. Over 60 percent of its length, as far as Burgundy , is negotiable by large barges and most tour boats, and nearly its whole length is available for recreational boating; excursion boats offer sightseeing tours of the river banks in the capital city, Paris. There are 37 bridges in Paris across the Seine (the most famous of which are

792-752: The French school . He was a founding member of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in Paris, the premier art institution in the Kingdom of France in the eighteenth century. Born of a poor family in Brussels ( Duchy of Brabant , Southern Netherlands ), during the reign of the Archduke Albert and Isabella , Champaigne was a pupil of the landscape painter Jacques Fouquier . In 1621 he moved to Paris , where he worked with Nicolas Poussin on

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864-533: The Palais Cardinal , the dome of the Sorbonne and other buildings. Champaigne was the only artist who was allowed to paint Richelieu enrobed as a cardinal, which he did eleven times. He was a founding member of the Académie de peinture et de sculpture in 1648. Later in his life (from 1640 onwards), he came under the influence of Jansenism . After his paralysed daughter was allegedly miraculously cured at

936-587: The Pont Alexandre III and the Pont Neuf ) and dozens more outside the city. A notable bridge, which is also the last along the course of the river, is the Pont de Normandie , the ninth longest cable-stayed bridge in the world, which links Le Havre and Honfleur . The Seine rises in the commune of Source-Seine , about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Dijon . The source has been owned by

1008-487: The 1800s, the river was much shallower within the city, and consisted of a small channel of continuous flow bordered by sandy banks (depicted in many illustrations of the period). Today the depth is tightly controlled and the entire width of the river between the built-up banks on either side is normally filled with water. The average flow of the river is very low, only a few cubic metres per second, but much higher flows are possible during periods of heavy runoff. Dredging in

1080-495: The 1960s marked an upturn in agricultural pollution due to land use changes that had previously scaled with population growth. Heavy industries near Paris and along the Oise River discharged virtually untreated wastewaters from the turn of the 19th century, causing concentrations of toxins in the river that were ignored until the late 1980s. Major French laws to address water quality were passed in 1898, 1964, 1996, and 2006. At

1152-704: The 1960s mostly eliminated tidal bores on the lower river, known in French as "le mascaret." Four large storage reservoirs have been built since 1950 on the Seine as well as its tributaries Yonne, Marne, and Aube. These help in maintaining a constant level for the river through the city, but cannot prevent significant increases in river level during periods of extreme runoff. The dams are Lac d’Orient , Lac des Settons , Lake Der-Chantecoq , and Auzon-Temple and Amance, respectively. A very severe period of high water in January 1910 resulted in extensive flooding throughout

1224-409: The 19th century, which combines street runoff and sewage. The resulting oxygen deficit is principally caused by allochthonous bacteria larger than one micrometre in size. The specific activity of these sewage bacteria is typically three to four times greater than that of the autochthonous (background) bacterial population. Heavy metal concentrations in the Seine are relatively high. The pH level of

1296-489: The 20th century, it was the home of actress Michèle Morgan , then, in 1975, the art collector Baron Guy de Rothschild , and after his death in 2007, Abdallah Al Thani, brother of the Emir of Qatar . It was seriously damaged by a fire in 2013 but restored. The Church of Saint-Louis-en-l'Île , at 19 bis rue Saint-Louis-en-l'Ile, is the only church on the island. It was designed by the architect François Le Vau younger brother of

1368-627: The Battle of Normandy. Some of the Algerian victims of the Paris massacre of 1961 drowned in the Seine after being thrown by French policemen from the Pont Saint-Michel and other locations in Paris. At the 1900 Summer Olympics , the river hosted the rowing , swimming , and water polo events. Twenty-four years later , it hosted the rowing events again at Bassin d'Argenteuil, along

1440-470: The French government sought to reduce bacterial levels in the river to those safe for swimming. During the Olympics, daily tests of the water quality were taken to determine if it was safe for swimming; this caused the triathlon to be delayed by a day, before being allowed to proceed on July 31. A few of the triathletes who swam in the river became sick afterwards, though it was not clear if the Seine water

1512-544: The Quai Bethune. A notable fictional resident was Charles Swann, protagonist of the novel of Marcel Proust Remembrance of Things Past . The responsibility for the development of the Île Saint-Louis in the 17th century was given to Christophe Marie, general builder for Public Works. In exchange for his pro bono work, he was granted a license to build elegant residences. Along with the nobles , aristocrats, wealthy businessmen and politicians came here to live away from

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1584-478: The Revolution, but took back it original name in 1814. The house at 1 quai de Bourbon was occupied by Philippe de Champagne , a favorite artist of Cardinal Richelieu . The sculptor Camille Claudel lived at number 19 between 1899 and 1923, and had her workshop overlooking the courtyard, and remained here until she was sent to an insane asylum for thirty years. The Pont Saint-Louis is the only bridge connecting

1656-716: The Seine Maritime is followed by a canalized section ( Basse Seine ) with four large multiple locks until the mouth of the Oise at Conflans-Sainte-Honorine (170 km [110 mi]). Smaller locks at Bougival and at Suresnes lift the vessels to the level of the river in Paris, where the junction with the Canal Saint-Martin is located. The distance from the mouth of the Oise is 72 km (45 mi). The Haute Seine , from Paris to Montereau-Fault-Yonne ,

1728-405: The Seine at Pont Neuf has been measured to be 8.46. Despite this, the water quality has improved significantly over what several historians at various times in the past called an "open sewer". In 2018, a €1.4 billion ($ 1.55 billion) cleanup programme called the "Swimming Plan" was launched with the aim of making the river safe to use for the 2024 Summer Olympics . The project included constructing

1800-533: The Seine beside the Tuileries Garden . Having a length of sixty-six feet and an eight-foot beam Fulton's steamboat attained speeds of three to four miles per hour against the Seine's current. Reaching the Seine was one of the original objectives of Operation Overlord , during the Second World War , in 1944. The Allies' intention was to reach the Seine by 90 days after D-Day . That objective

1872-426: The Seine north of Paris. More than a century later, during the 2024 Summer Olympics , the Seine hosted a boat parade with boats for each national delegation during the opening ceremony . The river was also the site of the men's and women's event for marathon swimming , as well as the swimming portion of the triathlon . Although swimming in the Seine had been banned since 1923, a €1.4 billion cleanup effort by

1944-543: The Seine-Normandy watershed experiences the highest human impacts of any hydrographic basin in France. Compared to most other large European rivers, the ability of the Seine to dilute urban sewage and farmland runoff is very low. Low oxygen levels, high concentrations of ammonia, nitrites and faecal bacteria, extending from Paris to the estuary, have been issues for over a century. The advent of nitrogenous fertilizers in

2016-430: The Seine. By the early 2020s, the number of fish species near Paris had rebounded to 32. Periodically the sewage systems of Paris experience a failure known as sanitary sewer overflow , often in periods of high rainfall. Under these conditions, untreated residential and industrial sewage is discharged into the Seine to prevent backflow . This is due in large part to Paris' "single system" drainage scheme dating from

2088-415: The beginning of the 20th century, most domestic sewage was used as fertilizer for nearby croplands. As populations grew, the agricultural capacity to absorb those wastewaters was exceeded. Large-scale construction of waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) began in 1940 to meet demand; however, by 1970, about 60% of urban sewage was allowed to flow into the river untreated. The resulting oxygen depletion reduced

2160-467: The better-known royal architect Louis Le Vau. It was the only building he designed. The first stone was placed on 1 October 1664 by the Archbishop of Paris, but work was delayed by a shortage of funds and it was not completed until 14 July 1726. The church lacks the traditional west front which had featured in the plans. Due to the delay in the construction, houses were built next to the church, taking

2232-430: The brilliance of the colors in his paintings and the stern strength of his compositions. He portrayed the entire French court, the French high nobility, royalty, high members of the church and the state, parliamentarians and architects, and other notable people. His portrait of the poet Vincent Voiture was created around 1649 as the frontispiece for Voiture's published Works (published posthumously in 1650). The portrait

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2304-537: The building in 1805, during his trip to Paris for the Coronation of Napoleon Bonaparte . The church interior was badly damaged during the French Revolution, but the damage was largely hidden in 1805 by hanging tapestries over the damaged walls. The church has a particularly fine organ , installed in 2005, and the church is frequently used as a venue for concerts. Square Barye, on the southeast point of

2376-410: The city of Paris since 1864. A number of closely associated small ditches or depressions provide the source waters, with an artificial grotto laid out to highlight and contain a deemed main source. The grotto includes a statue of a nymph, a dog, and a dragon. On the same site are the buried remains of a Gallo-Roman temple . Small statues of the dea Sequana "Seine goddess" and other ex-votos found at

2448-410: The city of Paris. The Seine again rose to threatening levels in 1924, 1955, 1982, 1999–2000, June 2016, and January 2018. After a first-level flood alert in 2003, about 100,000 works of art were moved out of Paris, the largest relocation of art since World War II . Much of the art in Paris is kept in underground storage rooms that would have been flooded. A 2002 report by the French government stated

2520-746: The death of Duchesne, Champaigne worked for the Queen Mother, Marie de Medicis , for whom he participated in the decoration of the Luxembourg Palace . He made several paintings for the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, dating from 1638. He also drew several cartoons for tapestries. He was made first painter of the Queen with a pension of 1200 livres . He also decorated the Carmelite Church of Faubourg Saint-Jacques, one of

2592-455: The decoration of the Palais du Luxembourg under the direction of Nicolas Duchesne, whose daughter he would eventually marry. According to Houbraken, Duchesne was angry at Champaigne for becoming more popular than he was at court, and so Champaigne returned to Brussels to live with his brother. It was only after he received news of Duchesne's death that he returned to marry his daughter. After

2664-399: The developers Christophe Marie, Poulettiere Le Regrettier. The canal dividing the island was filled, plots laid out and imposing residences built. The urbanisation of the island was rapid; within fifty years it was entirely occupied. The Pont Marie, which connects the island with the right bank, is named for Christophe Marie, one of the real estate developers of the island. Beginning in 1614, he

2736-468: The earlier rainstorm during the opening ceremony had driven some untreated rainwater back into the Seine. However, the triathlon proceeded the following day, after testing found the water quality to be sufficient for swimming. The name Seine comes from Gaullish Sēquana , from the Celtic Gallo-Roman goddess of the river, as offerings for her were found at the source. Sometimes it

2808-857: The favorite churches of the Queen Mother. This site was destroyed during the French Revolution , but there are several paintings now preserved in museums, that were part of the original design, such as The Presentation in the Temple in Dijon, the Resurrection of Lazarus in Grenoble, and the Assumption of the Virgin in the Louvre. He also worked for Cardinal Richelieu , for whom he decorated

2880-519: The first time, dwellings were orientated towards the outside, rather than towards an inner courtyard, with windows and balconies looking out to river views. Courtyards were narrow, with the usual gardens almost nonexistent. The majority of the façades were rather sober, providing charm to the neighborhood. Only a few façades were decorated with heads or faces ( mascrons ). Only a few of the balconies were adorned with ornate ironwork . The few monumental doors that horse-drawn coaches rushed through hinted at

2952-400: The interior was occupied by merchants and artisans. The island did not take the name of Saint-Louis until 1725. Louis IX , who was made a saint only thirty years after his death in 1270, was believed to have sometimes held court and rendered justice on the island. During the French Revolution , the island was briefly renamed "Ile de la Fraternité". The Quai d'Anjou on the north side of

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3024-458: The island also carries his name. The quai was originally informally called the "Quai des Balcons" because the architect, Louis LeVau, promoted the idea that all of he buildings should have balconies, taking advantage of the southern exposure of he buildings. Residents of this quai over the years included the American cosmetics manufacturer Helena Rubenstein (24 quai de Bethune), who constructed

3096-486: The island, is shaped like a prow of a ship pointing into the Seine. It was originally the site of a convent. It occupies 3,000 square metres (32,000 sq ft), and is a popular park and garden. It takes its name from the 19th-century French sculptor Antoine-Louis Barye , who specialized in sculpture of animals. His work is prominently displayed in the square in front of the Musée d'Orsay . The most prominent art work in

3168-603: The island, was named for Gaston, Duke of Orléans , the brother of Louis XIII. It was developed by Christophe Marie beginning in 1614. One prominent building is the house of Louis Le Vau , chief architect of the King (3 quai d'Anjou). Another prominent resident of the Quai was Abel-Francois Poisson (5 quai D'Anjou) the Marquis of Marigny and brother of Madame de Pompadour, superintendent of royal buildings for Louis XV. Later residents of

3240-548: The island. She succeeded in attracting magistrates and financiers, but few aristocrats, who preferred the Marais quarter , which had larger plots of land and places for gardens. She also met resistance from the Chapter of Notre Dame, which owned considerable property on the island. Their resistance eventually drove the developer Christophe Marie into bankruptcy. In the end, the houses of the wealthy occupied waterside properties, while

3312-404: The noise of the inner city. Marie went into partnership with two builders, Lugles Poulletier and François Le Regrattier, and chose Louis Le Vau as architect. In 1614 the ditch between the two islets was filled in; and townhouses were constructed between 1620 and 1650. The island project, an architectural revolution, used a carefully drafted urban plan for the first time in Paris. The urban planning

3384-493: The number of fish species to three. Measures taken in the early 2000s due to the Water Framework Directive led to significant reductions of organic carbon, phosphorus and ammonium, which in turn decreased the occurrence and severity of phytoplankton blooms. Continued WWTP construction and new treatment methods improved environmental conditions. In 2009, it was announced that Atlantic salmon had returned to

3456-491: The nunnery of Port-Royal , he painted the celebrated but atypical picture Ex-Voto de 1662 , now in the Louvre , which represents the artist's daughter with Mother-Superior Agnès Arnauld . Champaigne produced a large number of paintings, mainly religious works and portraits. Influenced by Rubens at the beginning of his career, his style later became more austere. Philippe de Champaigne remains an exceptional painter thanks to

3528-450: The original soundtrack for the movie ' A Monster in Paris ' The Seine features prominently in ABBA 's 1980 song, Our Last Summer , written by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus . Philippe de Champagne Philippe de Champaigne ( French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃paɲ] ; 26 May 1602 – 12 August 1674) was a Brabançon -born French Baroque era painter, a major exponent of

3600-427: The proximity of the site to the river it was not possible to follow the traditional model of a courtyard in the front and a garden in the back, so Le Vau built the garden and courtyard side by side, with the garden raised to the level of the first floor, or noble floor. The first interior painted decoration was done by Eustache Le Sueur ; some of his original panels are now on display in the Louvre . The Hercules Gallery

3672-542: The quai included the Nobel Prize -winning physicist Marie Curie , who lived at number 36 from 1912 until her death in 1934. The Quai d'Orleans continues the Quai de Bethune to the west. Like the Quai d'Anjou, it is named for Gaston d'Orleans, the younger brother of Louis XIII. During the French Revolution, it was renamed the Quai d'Egalite until 1806. It joins the Quai de Bourbon at the Saint-Louis bridge, close to

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3744-425: The quai included the painter Honoré Daumier , (9 quai d'Anjou) who had a lithography workshop on the top floor. The poet Charles Baudelaire occupied a small apartment on the top floor in the courtyard at 17 Quai d'Anjou from 1843 to 1846. The Quai de Bourbon was named for the royal family and has a series of very elegant townhouses constructed in the early 17th century. It was briefly the Quai de la Republique after

3816-522: The river beginning at Marcilly-sur-Seine , 516 kilometres (321 mi) to its mouth. At Paris, there are 37 bridges. The river is only 24 metres (79 ft) above sea level 446 kilometres (277 mi) from its mouth, making it slow flowing and thus easily navigable. The Seine Maritime, 123 kilometres (76 mi) from the English Channel at Le Havre to Rouen, is the only portion of the Seine used by ocean-going craft. The tidal section of

3888-406: The river is navigable only by small craft to Marcilly-sur-Seine (19 km [12 mi], 4 locks). At Marcilly-sur-Seine the 19th century Canal de la Haute-Seine used to allow vessels to continue all the way to Troyes . This canal has been abandoned since 1957. The Seine's average depth in Paris today is approximately 9.5 meters (31 feet). Until locks were installed to raise the level in

3960-435: The river was rising. The Deputy Mayor of Paris Colombe Brossel warned that the heavy rain was caused by climate change . He added that "We have to understand that climatic change is not a word, it's a reality." The basin area, including a part of Belgium, is 78,910 square kilometres (30,470 sq mi), 2 percent of which is forest and 78 percent cultivated land. In addition to Paris, three other cities with

4032-491: The same place are now exhibited in the Dijon archaeological museum. The Seine can artificially be divided into five parts: Below Rouen, the river passes through the Parc Naturel Régional des Boucles de la Seine Normande , a French regional nature park . The Seine is dredged and ocean-going vessels can dock at Rouen , 120 kilometres (75 mi) from the sea. Commercial craft (barges and push-tows) can use

4104-464: The season. At the same time, the fish population in the river has surged, from just two species to over 30. To demonstrate the river's improved cleanliness, Mayor Anne Hidalgo and President Emmanuel Macron both pledged to take a swim in the waters, and Hidalgo did so on July 17, 2024. During the Summer Olympics, the date of the triathlon was postponed due to water quality issues, as

4176-399: The space. The original bell tower was destroyed by a storm in 1740, and was replaced by a new openwork tower. An unusual feature of the tower is the clock, which hangs over the street like a shop sign. The interior is a good example of French Baroque architecture, with a central dome or cupola and an abundance of gold and white, a style borrowed from Italy. Pope Pius VII celebrated mass in

4248-434: The square is a sculpture of Barye depicting the combat between a mythological centaur and a lapith , made in 1894, and placed on a disproportionally large pedestal. The statue was removed and melted down for its bronze during World War II, but was replaced in 2011 with a copy financed by a Taiwanese donor. Seine The Seine ( / s eɪ n , s ɛ n / sayn, sen , French: [sɛn] )

4320-468: The two islands, and is 60 metres (200 ft) long. The first bridge, of wood, was built in 1634. The current bridge, the ninth, was opened in 1970. The Quai de Bethune runs along the southeast side of the island. It was built shortly after the assassination of Henry IV, and is named for the late king's prime minister, Maximilien de Bethune , the Duke of Sully. The Pont de Sully bridge at the southeast end of

4392-417: The very few modern buildings on the island at 24 Quai de Bethune between 1934 and 1938. The carved masks of lions on the wooden door is the only vestige of the 17th century house. French president Georges Pompidou had his personal residence at 24 Quai de Bethune, in addition to his official residence. The French comedian Louis de Funès lived for a short time at the same address. Other celebrated residents of

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4464-400: The wealth of the owners. Along with Faubourg Saint-Germain and Le Marais , Île Saint-Louis was one of the most affluent neighborhoods in 17th and 18th century Paris. The Pont Saint-Louis entertainers (i.e., jazz bands, jugglers and mimes) perform on a small bridge that connects Île Saint-Louis with Île de la Cité. The Rue Saint-Louis-en-l'Île is the main commercial street of the island. It

4536-523: The western point of the island. Its notable buildings include the Polish Library (number 6 quai d'Orleans), originally built for Antoine Moreau , the secretary of Louis XIII. It became the Polish Library in 1838. This part of the island had other notable Polish connections; the Polish prince Czartoryski lived nearby on the side of Quai Anjou, and entertained Chopin , while Marie Curie lived nearby on

4608-419: The work on the bridge, which was not finished until 1635. The bridge has five arches, each of different sizes. Niches were built for statues between the arches, but, due to the difficulties of the regime, no statues were ever put in place. Marie de' Medici promised a long series of benefits, including tennis courts and laundry boats for washing clothing and linen, to those who purchased lots and built houses on

4680-417: The worst-case Seine flood scenario would cost 10 billion euros and cut telephone service for a million Parisians, leaving 200,000 without electricity and 100,000 without gas. In January 2018 the Seine again flooded, reaching a flood level of 5.84 metres (19 ft 2 in) on 29 January. An official warning was issued on 24 January that heavy rainfall was likely to cause the river to flood. By 27 January,

4752-473: Was chief builder for Marie de' Medici , the widow of Henry IV and regent of the young King, Louis XIII . She instructed him to fill in the canal which divided the two parts of the island, and to build solid stone banks entirely around the island. The first part of the project was a new bridge, the Pont Louis XIII; the first stone was laid by the young king himself, then age 13. Various problems delayed

4824-724: Was designed by Charles Le Brun , whose future work for Louis XIV included the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles . Over the years the house had a remarkable series of occupants. In the 18th century, it was purchased by the Marquis de Chatelet, whose wife, Émilie de Breteuil, was for fifteen years the mistress of Voltaire . It became the home of the Polish Prince and patriot Adam Czartoryski in 1843, and welcomed famous writers and musicians, including Balzac , George Sand , Hector Berlioz , Franz Liszt and Frederic Chopin . In

4896-574: Was met. An anticipated assault crossing of the river never materialized as German resistance in France crumbled by early September 1944. However, the First Canadian Army did encounter resistance immediately west of the Seine and fighting occurred in the Forêt de la Londe as Allied troops attempted to cut off the escape across the river of parts of the German 7th Army in the closing phases of

4968-453: Was named the Ile des Vaches (Island of Cows) (not to be confused with another island of the same name farther downstream). That portion was used for storing wood and building boats. It was originally owned by the chapter of Notre-Dame cathedral. The island was destined for real estate development under King Henry IV , but the king's assassination in 1610 delayed the project. It was revived 1616 by

5040-413: Was revolutionary, especially for Paris; it was only under Napoleon III , over 200 years later, that urban planning was implemented citywide. The option to build by just following the topography of the land was no longer available. The new streets were built straight and perpendicular to a central axis. So that the risk of fires was reduced, stone and slate replaced wood, plaster and thatched roofs . For

5112-631: Was sent up the River Seine to attack Paris again . In March 1314, King Philip IV of France had Jacques de Molay , last Grand Master of the Knights Templar , burned on a scaffold on an island in the River Seine in front of Notre Dame de Paris . After the burning of Joan of Arc in 1431, her ashes were thrown into the Seine from the medieval stone Mathilde Bridge at Rouen , though unsupported counter-claims persist. On 9 August 1803 Robert Fulton , American painter and marine engineer, made his first successful test of his steamboat in

5184-632: Was the cause. In 1991 (and 2024), UNESCO added the banks of the Seine in Paris—the Rive Gauche and Rive Droite —to its list of World Heritage Sites in Europe . During the 19th and the 20th centuries in particular the Seine inspired many artists, including: A song "La Seine" by Flavien Monod and Guy Lafarge was written in 1948. Josephine Baker also recorded a song called "La Seine" An additional song entitled "La Seine", by Vanessa Paradis featuring Matthieu Chedid , formed part of

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