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55-463: Íllora is a municipality in the province of Granada , located in Andalucia. Spain. It is surrounded by the following villages: Moclín, Pinos Puente, Valderrubio, Moraleda de Zafayona, Villanueva Mesía, Montefrío, and with the municipality of Alcalá la Real. The municipality consists of Íllora, Alomartes, Tocón, Escóznar, Obéilar- also known as La Estación de Íllora–, Brácana, Ventas de Algarra, Vallequemado and La Alhondiguilla. The main source of income

110-501: A French army of 10,000. Gonzalo formed his infantry into units called coronelías with pikemen tightly packed in the center and arquebusiers and swordsmen on the flanks. The French unsuccessfully attacked the front and were assailed by gunfire coming from the flanks. The French commander, the Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours , was killed early in the battle. After withstanding two French charges, Fernández de Córdoba, El Gran Capitán, went on

165-785: A defense after these losses, the French were allowed to evacuate Italy by sea and forced to sign the Treaty of Blois in 1505, relinquishing their hold on Naples. When the French were driven out of Naples, Fernández de Córdoba was made Duke of Terranova and appointed Viceroy of Naples in 1504. Later that same year Queen Isabel I of Castile died, depriving him of his most ardent supporter. Isabel's death also effectively pushed her husband, Ferdinand II of Aragon , out of power temporarily in Castile and forced him to defend his interests in Aragon. Naples

220-589: A foothold in the country and then assaulted the French-occupied Italian cities. Within a year, Fernández de Córdoba achieved a decisive victory at Atella, capturing the French viceroy and expelling the remaining French forces from Naples. He also recovered the Roman port of Ostia and returned the captured territories to the Italians by 1498. When Fernández de Córdoba returned to Spain he drew on

275-478: A force of about 5,000 infantry and 600 light cavalry. Fearful of being trapped in Italy, Charles installed Gilbert de Bourbon as Viceroy of Naples and returned to France with about half of the French forces. Initially, the light infantry and cavalry under Fernández de Córdoba command were no match against the heavily armed French. A lack of training and poor coordination between Spanish and Italian forces compounded

330-516: A franchise basis, specialising in small, neighbourhood shops. It has 2,501 supermarkets across the whole of Spain and Portugal. The University of Granada is one of the largest universities in Spain, with approximately 56,000 students. Each year the city also attracts over 10,000 foreign students, including over 2,000 European students through the Erasmus programme. As well as providing employment to

385-416: A large number of people, the university also boosts the local economy by creating demand for rental property. The money spent by students also helps to support shops, restaurants, bars and other services in the city. In recent years the university has also been working to capitalise on the research it does through commercial ventures. Primary industries such as agriculture and fishing play an important role in

440-680: A number of other family members. Elvira died in 1524, and Maria died in 1527. The tomb was desecrated by Napoleonic troops under the command of the Corsican General Sebastiani during the Peninsular War , in 1810/11. The remains of Fernández de Córdoba were illegally exhumed and mutilated, and the 700 banners were burned. Stone from the tower was used to build the Puente Verde bridge over the Genil . The monastery

495-719: A number of visitors to areas such as the Alpujarras and Lecrin Valley . Puleva : founded in Granada in 1910, the company has been a subsidiary of the Lactalis group since 2001. It produces a wide range of dairy products, including milk and milkshakes, cream and products for infants. Puleva Biotech S.A. developed the first infant formula to contain nucleotides, and was a pioneer in the use of Omega-3 fatty acids in infant food products. Coviran : supermarket chain which operates on

550-481: A year later she died giving birth to a stillborn son. On 14 February 1489 he married María Manrique de Lara y Figueroa (also known as María Manrique de Lara y Espinosa, d. 1527) from a powerful and wealthy noble family. His only surviving daughter, Elvira Fernández de Córdoba y Manrique , would inherit all his titles upon his death in 1515. The "Gran Capitán" was a pioneer of modern warfare . He revolutionized 16th-century military strategy by integrating firearms into

605-685: Is known as the Granada Altiplano . The Alhambra World Heritage Site, Granada's biggest tourist attraction, showcases one of the very finest architectural legacies of Moorish rule in Spain, which in Granada lasted from 711 until 1492. There are Roman Catholic cathedrals at Granada and Guadix . The Royal Chapel of Granada houses the remains of the Catholic Monarchs , Isabella I of Castile (1451–1504) and Ferdinand II of Aragon (1452–1516); as well as of their daughter Joanna of Castile (1479–1555) and of her husband Philip

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660-705: Is one of the main tributaries of the Guadalquivir . Other important rivers include the Fardes, Monachil, Guadalfeo , Dílar, Ízbor, Verde and Darro. Granada shares the Sierra Nevada National Park (in the Sierra Nevada mountain range) with Almería province. Another important range is the Sierra de Baza . The northern part of the province, comprising the districts of Baza and Huescar

715-456: Is the rural economy , especially the olives . Number of inhabitants in the past few years: Íllora comes from the term “Illurco” or “Ilurco”, which according to Wilhelm von Humboldt seems to be of Basque origin or of some Pyrenean town before the Iberian and Celtic settlement. Hence, its name, “Ilurquense”. All historical references from the fifteenth century to the nineteenth century, showed

770-1014: Is the municipal pavilion of Íllora. There is an association called Gallipatos de Parapanda, which is dedicated to mountain biking and competitions. Among the traditional cuisine, one of the main highlights is the conservation method for the food. The meat maintenaiment in olive oil is the principal way of cooking the well-known guisos. Some main dishes are the asparagus in sauce. 1. Erbez Rodríguez, José Manuel . «Símbolos de Granada. Íllora. Escudo del municipio» . 2. ine.es (1 de enero de 2017). «Población de Íllora» . 3. Instituto Nacional de Estadística . «Nomenclátor: Población del Padrón Continuo por Unidad Poblacional ». Consultado el 29 de diciembre de 2017. 4 «Morenito de Illora» . http://www.flamencaymas.com/ . Consultado el 5 de julio de 2018. 5. Asociación cultural Arturo Cerdá y Rico , 1787, p. 39. 6. Catalán, 1977, pp. 314–315. Province of Granada The province covers an area of 12,531 km (4,838 sq mi). Its population

825-544: The Catholic Monarchs conquered Íllora, who later named Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba the Great Captain, as their first Christian warden, hence the name of the local school. After the Reconquest , the manors did not reach similar dimensions to those of other areas of the country. Although they played an important role in the beginning of the new period, little by little it was disintegrating and losing presence in

880-597: The Kingdom of Naples ruled by Ferdinand II , a cousin to Ferdinand of Aragon. The French easily overwhelmed the Neapolitan defenses and on 12 May 1495 Charles had himself crowned Emperor of Naples. The Catholic Monarchs were anxious to reverse French success in Naples and selected Fernández de Córdoba to lead an expeditionary force against Charles. Fernández de Córdoba landed in Naples shortly after Charles' coronation with

935-584: The Papal States , the Italian city-states and the Holy Roman Empire , all of which sought out his services. Chronicler Jerónimo Zurita went to consider him "...the most esteemed person that lived in these times, for such princes, either desired to have him for a friend, or were wary that he might become their enemy." Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba was born on 1 September 1453 at Montilla in

990-798: The Phoenicians and, with a clever policy, consolidate the foundations of their empire, including Illurco. With the arrival of the Romans the colonies settle in already existing villages. Of them, Plinio points out among the most celebrated of the interior to Illurco. During the Muslim conquest there are few data on Íllora; nevertheless, it is deduced from the Christian chronicles that it must have been an important town with fortress and suburbs. Precisely in June 1319 infants Pedro and Juan of Castille seized

1045-490: The province of Córdoba . He was the younger son of Pedro Fernández de Córdoba, Count of Aguilar (himself the son of Pedro Fernández de Córdoba, 1390–1424 and of Leonor de Arellano) and of Elvira de Herrera (daughter of Pedro Núñez de Herrera y Guzmán, d. 1430, and Blanca Enríquez de Mendoza). In 1455, when Gonzalo was two years old, his father died. His older brother, Alonso, inherited all of their father's estates, leaving Gonzalo to seek his own fortune. In 1467, Gonzalo

1100-548: The Borbón-Anjou shield and the collar of the Toisón de Oro's necklace. As differential elements, there are some sort of agile heads in the upper corners, a star in the middle of the upper border and the inscriptions “Hillora” and “year D'VII” above and below the shield, respectively. The mention of 507 is a doubt for historians, who consider that perhaps it is referred to the year in which the town's foundation took place. On

1155-640: The Disaster of the Fertile valley of Granada , happened the 25 of June 1319. In June 1319, when the Vega de Granada was being devastated, the town of Íllora came into the possession of the infantes Pedro and Juan de Castilla . If they would have stayed one more day, affirms the Chronicle of Alfonso XI , they would have also taken its castle. The infante Pedro did not want to stay anymore, as his main ambition

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1210-523: The French and Spanish fought a guerilla war while negotiating the partition of the kingdom. Spain was outnumbered and besieged in Barletta by the French. Gonzalo refused to be drawn into a full-scale battle until he received sufficient reinforcements. When his army was adequately reinforced, Fernández de Córdoba engaged the French on 28 April 1503 at the Battle of Cerignola where 6,000 Spanish troops faced

1265-623: The Handsome (69–70). The coast of Granada province is known as the Costa Tropical . It attracts large numbers of both Spanish and foreign holiday-makers. The main resorts are Almuñecar , Salobreña and La Herradura . The city of Granada brings in tourists from all over the world thanks to its Moorish architecture , especially the famous Alhambra palace. In the winter the mountains of the Sierra Nevada play host to Europe's most southerly ski resort . Hiking and eco-tourism also attract

1320-654: The Napoleonic invasion and the subsequent War of Independence . The French provoked the rejection of the people, who supported the Grenadian uprising against Godoy in April, and even enlisted many people as soldiers against the French takeover of Granada. The region was in a situation of decadence due to the looting that the Napoleonic troops carried out. With the return of King Fernando VII Íllora regained its economic and social impulse to be again altered negatively with

1375-519: The Spanish infantry and directed the first battle in history won by gunpowder small arms (in this case, arquebuses ), the Battle of Cerignola of 1503. He helped found the first modern standing army (the nearly invincible Spanish infantry which dominated European battlefields for the 16th and early 17th century), and he pioneered combined arms warfare by combining the use of infantry, cavalry and artillery with naval support. He left no sons, and

1430-519: The Tower of Brácana stands out. In Tocón, there is another tower, in this case a farmhouse or rural castle. All of them are works from the Nasrid period. Moreover, there are some towers: The Torre de Brácana, for example. In Tocón there is another tower which is a rural castle. All of them belong to the Nasrid period. Illora, furthermore, counts with another important historical-artistic monument (which

1485-697: The Treaty of Granada with France in 1500, agreeing to partition Naples between the two countries. Fernández de Córdoba returned to Italy leading a large force on the pretext of joining with France and Venice to attack the Ottomans in the Ionian Sea. For a time Fernández de Córdoba did fight the Turks, seizing the strongly held island of Cephalonia in December 1500 after a two-month siege . Fernández de Córdoba returned to Naples and after Frederick IV abdicated,

1540-647: The brotherhood of the Most Holy Christ of Veracruz. The Sports Union of Íllora (UD Íllora) is the main football team that the municipality has. His field is in the Sports Complex La Laguna. Since 2011, the Antonio García Football Field "El Calvo" has been a 2-star artificial turf (the maximum number of FIFAs is 5). The lower categories of that team are called UD Parapanda. There are also futsal teams, whose field

1595-563: The clashes between absolutists and realists , who will have in the passage of the General called Rafael Riego Montefrío and its support for certain sectors of the population of Íllora its contact element to subsequently suffer repression in the area. Before the uprising of Loja, the ilurquenses remained faithful to the authorities and even collaborated with the Army to capture fugitives from that city. Circumstance that will not be repeated in

1650-403: The configuration of the town. The access to the property was produced by the abandonment of the original Muslim owners, passing into Christian hands. Economically, this period will be based on subsistence agriculture , with wheat and barley constituting the population's food base. During the first half of the nineteenth century Íllora will live a stage of stability that will be interrupted by

1705-490: The democratic six-year term when Íllora will be added to it. In the center of the village, at the top of a rock, there are the ruins of the old castle of Íllora, although there are hardly any remains of the walls . This castle dates from the Caliphate period (9th-10th centuries) and is structured in three areas: the villa, the citadel and the suburb. Associated to that castle, there are a series of optical towers, among which

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1760-460: The formation of the tercios , were instrumental in making the Spanish army the dominant land force in Europe for over a century and a half. He has been credited with marking the transition between medieval and modern warfare . Córdoba rose to international prestige during his career, maintaining active relationships not only with the crowns of Castile and Aragon , but also with France ,

1815-478: The greatest generals in history, he became the first European to decisively employ firearms on the battlefield, and among the first to reorganize the infantry with pikes and firearms in effective defensive and offensive formations. He developed them as part of a combined arms doctrine including fields as disparate as cavalry , artillery , fortifications , guerrilla , siegecraft and diplomacy . The changes implemented by Fernández de Córdoba, which led to

1870-875: The lessons from the Italian campaign to restructure the Spanish forces and military strategy. In the open field, the loose formation and short swords of the Spanish infantry were unable to withstand a charge of heavy cavalry and infantry armed with pikes. To overcome this weakness, Fernández de Córdoba introduced a new infantry formation armed with pikes and a heavy, shoulder-fired gun called an arquebus . To increase tactical flexibility he assigned different sections of his forces to specific roles, rather than using them as one general force. These new sections could maneuver more independently and act with greater flexibility. After Louis XII succeeded Charles as king of France in 1498, he quickly declared his intention to re-invade Italy and once again seize Naples. To buy time, Spain negotiated

1925-427: The local economy. There was previously also a very large construction sector, but as of 2011 it was experiencing a deep downturn. The Granada Health Science Technological Park has created some high-skilled jobs in the biotechnology sector. The historical population is given in the following chart: Gonzalo Fern%C3%A1ndez de C%C3%B3rdoba Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1 September 1453 – 2 December 1515)

1980-494: The offensive and drove the French off the field. This was the first time in history that a battle had been won largely through the strength of firearms. Fernández de Córdoba occupied the city of Naples and pushed the French forces back across the Garigliano River . Separated by the river, a stalemate ensued with neither side able to make progress. But Fernández de Córdoba strung together a pontoon bridge and stole across

2035-470: The problem. In their first major engagement on 28 June 1495, Fernández de Córdoba was defeated at the Battle of Seminara against French forces led by Bernard Stewart d'Aubigny . After the defeat, Fernández de Córdoba withdrew to implement a rigorous training program and reorganize his army. The Spanish employed effective guerrilla tactics, striking quickly to disrupt French supply lines and avoiding large-scale battles. Gradually Fernández de Córdoba regained

2090-472: The river on the night of 29 December 1503. The French, commanded by Ludovico II of Saluzzo , had assumed the rain-swollen river was impassable and were taken by complete surprise. Fernández de Córdoba and his army decisively defeated the French with their formations of pikes and arquebuses. Fernández de Córdoba continued to pursue the French and captured the Italian city of Gaeta in January 1504. Unable to mount

2145-402: The sieges of several walled towns including Loja, Tajara, Illora , and Montefrío . At Montefrío he was reported to be the first attacker over the walls. In 1492, Fernández de Córdoba captured the city of Granada, bringing an end to the war. The skills of a military engineer and a guerilla fighter were equally useful. Because of his knowledge of Arabic and his familiarity with Boabdil , Gonzalo

2200-421: The summer holidays, in the last week of July. It is performed by some national and international ethnic groups. This activity is considered to be culturally relevant. The local festival in honor to Saint Rogelio takes place on the third weekend of August. Even though the actual day of San Rogelio is 16 September- which is also a festive day in the village. The local faire is from the 8–12 October. A long time ago

2255-516: The throne. During the ensuing civil war between the followers of Isabella and Juana, there was also conflict with Portugal since King Afonso V of Portugal sided with his niece Juana. Gonzalo fought for Isabella under Alonso de Cárdenas , grand master of the Order of Santiago . In 1479, he fought in the final against the Portuguese by leading 120 lancers. Cárdenas praised him for his service. When

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2310-574: The town of Íllora and its suburb when they went to devastate the Vega de Granada , and according to the Alfonso XI , if they had stayed another day they would also have taken his castle, although the infante Pedro did not want to stay there any longer, because his will was to besiege Granada and keep it surrounded «until they win it, or die on it», as recorded in the Grand Chronicle of the same king, although shortly after both infants died in

2365-689: The unusual place-name written with H, several hypotheses are also proposed, among which it stands out that the letter could have been added simply for the same number of letters and number of syllables. Some archaeological discoveries have been found in Íllora belonging to the prehistory, the Neolithic and mainly of the Copper Age . Towards the year 600 BC the Carthaginians landed in the Iberian Peninsula imposing their authority on

2420-451: The war ended, Isabella and her husband Ferdinand were the rulers of Castile and Aragon. Once the Catholic Monarchs had consolidated their rule, they embarked in 1481 on a ten-year campaign to conquer Granada , the last remaining Muslim stronghold on the Iberian peninsula. Fernández de Córdoba was an active participant in the fighting and distinguished himself as a brave and competent military leader. He gained renown for participation in

2475-447: The word “Yllora”, written with Y instead of be written with I. Íllora's council traditionally comes using a shield based on Felipe's weapons since 1720, although its official approval does not appear. This symbol was adopted when the area passed into the hands of the royal state under his kingdom. This shield includes the barracks of Castile and León , Aragón-Sicilia, Austria , Modern Burgundy , Old Burgundy, Brabant and Granada with

2530-478: Was 921,338 as of 2021 , of whom about 30% live in the capital, and its average population density is 72.85/km (188.7/sq mi). It contains 170 municipalities . The tallest mountain in the Iberian Peninsula , Mulhacén , is located in Granada. It measures 3,479 m (11,414 ft). The next highest mountains in the province are Veleta (3,396 m or 11,142 ft) and Alcazaba (3,371 m or 11,060 ft). The river Genil , which rises in Granada,

2585-516: Was a Spanish general and statesman. He led military campaigns during the Conquest of Granada and the Italian Wars , after which he served as Viceroy of Naples . For his extensive political and military success, he was made Duke of Santángelo (1497), Terranova (1502), Andría , Montalto and Sessa (1507), and earned the nickname El Gran Capitán ("The Great Captain"). Held as one of

2640-428: Was an Aragonese kingdom but Gonzalo was a Castilian and widely popular. As a result, Ferdinand suspected his loyalty and also felt that Gonzalo spent too freely from the treasury. In 1507 Ferdinand traveled to Naples, removed him from office and ordered him to return to Spain with a promise that he would be installed as master of the Order of Santiago , a powerful and prestigious position. Although Fernández de Córdoba

2695-540: Was awarded the additional title, Duke of Sessa , he never received the promised appointment to lead the Santiago military order. Ferdinand continued to praise him but gave him nothing else to do; he eventually retired to one of his country estates. Fernández de Córdoba died of malaria on 2 December 1515 at his villa near Granada at age 62. Fernández de Córdoba first married in 1474 to his cousin María de Sotomayor; about

2750-488: Was chosen as one of the officers to arrange the surrender. For his service he was rewarded with an Order of Santiago , an encomienda , the manor of Órgiva in Granada as well as silk production rights in the region. Gonzalo was an important military commander during the Italian Wars , holding command twice and earning the name "The Great Captain". The Italian Wars began in 1494 when Charles VIII of France marched into Italy with 25,000 men to make good his claim to

2805-754: Was considered to be one of the most important of all Spain. Easter is one of the most important weeks of the whole year culturally and religiously. Beginning with his proclamation, from Palm Sunday to Easter Sunday there are many events and celebrations scheduled by the Parish of the Incarnation and the four existing brotherhoods: the Patronal de San Rogelio, the Christ of Youth, the Our Father Jesus Nazareno and Maria Santísima de los Dolores, and

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2860-510: Was declared an Asset of Cultural Interest in 1980) is the church called Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación designed by Diego de Siloé who is also known for building Granada's cathedral in the 16th century, with the intervention of some disciples like Juan de Maeda and Diego de Pesquera. The most important musical event which is celebrated in Illora is Parapanda Folk festival. It was declared to be of National Tourist Interest and takes place during

2915-402: Was first attached to the household of Alfonso, Prince of Asturias , the half-brother of King Henry IV of Castile . After Alfonso died in 1468, Gonzalo devoted himself to Alfonso's sister, Isabella of Castile . When King Henry IV died in 1474, Isabella proclaimed herself a successor as queen, disputing the right of Juana la Beltraneja (the king's 13-year-old daughter and her niece) to ascend

2970-649: Was succeeded in his dukedoms by daughter Elvira Fernández de Córdoba y Manrique . María Cerezo, who married Amerigo Vespucci , was alleged to be an illegitimate daughter to Fernández de Córdoba too. His burial place in the Monastery of San Jerónimo in Granada , was built in Renaissance style . His remains were transferred there in 1552, together with some 700 war trophies (captured banners). His daughter, Elvira, and his wife, Maria, are also buried there, along with

3025-404: Was to isolate Granada until they seized it. However, both infantes were killed in the valley of Granada disaster, which occurred 25 June 1319. In the spring of 1486 King Ferdinand of Aragon resumed the war against Granada beginning with the place of the current Loja , whose surrender of the city was the key that would open the conquest of the fortress of Ilurquense. On June 8 of that same year

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