158-816: The harbours serving Irvine at Seagatefoot and Fullarton in North Ayrshire have had a long and complex history. Irvine's harbour was one of the most important ports in Scotland in the 16th century. Across from the main harbour at Fullarton on the River Irvine there was also terminal for the ICI-Nobel Explosives plant on the River Garnock . Much of the harbour went into decline in the 19th century when Glasgow , Greenock and Port Glasgow achieved higher prominence as sea ports. There
316-510: A 'tidal harbour'. In 1976 there were three rail-mounted cranes at the quay, two had been built by Alexander Chaplin & Co, Glasgow, and one by Smith Rodley. A considerable number of railway freight sidings at one time ran down to the harbour quays and the nearby chemical works in the time of the Glasgow and South Western Railway and later the London, Midland and Scottish railway . The harbour
474-587: A Christian ecclesiastical settlement known as Duibhlinn , from which Dyflin took its name. Evidence indicating that Anglo-Saxons occupied Dublin before the Vikings arrived in 841 has been found in an archaeological dig in Temple Bar . Beginning in the 9th and 10th centuries, there were two settlements which later became modern Dublin. The subsequent Scandinavian settlement centred on the River Poddle ,
632-591: A Club, or Society for Commemorating the birth of Robert Burns the Ayrshire Poet – and we agree to meet at an early day to get the preliminaries of the Club properly arranged". Dr John Mackenzie , was the first club president. He had been a doctor in Mauchline, attended Burns' dying father at Lochlea in 1784 and married one of the "Mauchline Belles" before moving to Irvine in the capacity of personal physician to
790-532: A Protestant city, Queen Elizabeth I established Trinity College in 1592 as a solely Protestant university and ordered that the Catholic St. Patrick's and Christ Church cathedrals be converted to the Protestant church. The earliest map of the city of Dublin dates from 1610, and was by John Speed . The city had a population of 21,000 in 1640 before a plague from 1649 to 1651 wiped out almost half of
948-596: A commercial port and houses a small number of privately owned pleasure craft. It is also home to part of the Scottish Maritime Museum with numerous vessels on display, including the 'Spartan', one of the last surviving Clyde puffers . Irvine Harbour is home to a unique and distinctive building which marked the tide level. It was built in 1906 and devised by Martin Boyd, the harbourmaster at that time. The Automatic tide signalling apparatus indicated
1106-501: A drinks licence as an inn since 1754. The former Harbour Master's Office is a single storeyed early 19th-century cottage, currently (2012) classified as 'at risk', which may have begun life as a farmhouse or a fisherman's dwelling. The 'Preen Hull' was a sand-hill near the Irvine Bar from which many toilet-pins were recovered over the years, as well as an elegant pewter brooch and a number of other articles made of brass or iron. 'Preen'
1264-533: A magazine. Therefore, it was Richard Brown who inspired Burns and gave him the idea that he should publish his work. In confirmation, Burns wrote the following to Brown, Twas actually this that gave me an idea of my own pieces which encouraged me to endeavour at the character of a Poet . The Ayrshire section of the Scottish Maritime Museum is located at Irvine harbour. In 1991 the category A listed former Engine Shop of Alexander Stephen and Sons,
1422-643: A meaning of 'west flowing river.' "Eriwine" and "Erwinne" are also old English first names. A parish in Annandale in Dumfriesshire has the name Irving. In the 12th century a Gilchrist, son of Eruini, witnessed a charter in Galloway and this is the earliest use of the name so far discovered. Part of modern Irvine contains the oldest continually inhabited village in Europe. Dreghorn , a separate village on
1580-458: A navigable arm of the sea, and in a dainty, pleasant, level, champaign country . The port at that time traded with Dublin and wines were imported from France. In the 1650s it is however described as a pretty small port but at present clogged and choked up with sand, which the western sea beats into it, so as it wrestles for life to maintain a small trade with France, Norway and Ireland with herring and other goods, brought on horseback from Glasgow for
1738-459: A sand dune, were a lecture theatre, a restaurant, eighty or so hands-on exhibits, an invention construction area, a ride through the history of explosives, and a feature on the Nobel Prize awards. The 'Big Idea' closed in 2003 due to low visitor numbers. NPL Estates now own the building and have stated that they hope to bring the building back into use as part of a golfing development. Behind
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#17327879201891896-457: A ship called The Gift of God of Irvine belonging to John Dean, Barclay's brother-in-law. Margaret Barclay was alleged to have wished the crew would be eaten by crabs at the bottom of the sea. Stewart hung himself, and Barclay was tortured, found guilty by her confession, and executed along with Isobel Scherer, herself accused of the same acts. Trindlemoss Loch , Scotts Loch, or the Loch of Irvine
2054-441: A suggested meaning of 'west flowing river.' The medieval harbour at Irvine was at Seagatefoot near the old Seagate Castle . In 1184 records a castle of 'Hirun' is recorded which has been taken as referring to Irvine. The original wooden castle tower was built some time before 1184, rebuilt in stone in the 1360s and then remodelled and expanded by Hugh the 3rd Earl of Eglinton in around 1565. Seagate Castle overlooked and controlled
2212-698: A theatre, and entertainment such as comedy, live music, special events, etc. The venue is the birthplace of Scottish touring theatre companies, Borderline, and The McDougalls. The building opened in 1965. Located beside the HAC are the Courtyard Studios, an artist's studio complex which is the largest in South West Scotland . Run by North Ayrshire Leisure Ltd., the former Magnum Leisure Centre provided facilities for many indoor sports, including an indoor swimming pool and sauna. The Magnum Centre
2370-518: A tonnage of over 220 tons, too large to enter Irvine harbour [NS33NW 40.00] could also find anchorage in 10 to 14 fathoms [18 to 26m] in an area east of, and sheltered by Lady Isle. Captain Richard Brown, a good friend of Robert Burns, was born in Irvine, the son of a 'plain mechanic' named William Brown and his wife Jane Whinie. Richard had a wealthy patron who gave him a good education, however
2528-574: A trade centre, despite an attempt by King Robert the Bruce of Scotland to capture the city in 1317. It remained a relatively small walled medieval town during the 14th century and was under constant threat from the surrounding native clans. In 1348, the Black Death , a lethal plague which had ravaged Europe, took hold in Dublin and killed thousands over the following decade. Dublin was the heart of
2686-838: A tributary of the Liffey in an area now known as Wood Quay . The Dubhlinn was a pool on the lowest stretch of the Poddle, where ships used to moor. This pool was finally fully infilled during the early 18th century, as the city grew. The Dubhlinn lay where the Castle Garden is now located, opposite the Chester Beatty Library within Dublin Castle . Táin Bó Cuailgne ("The Cattle Raid of Cooley") refers to Dublind rissa ratter Áth Cliath , meaning "Dublin, which
2844-466: Is Scots for a metal pin. In 2013 the Irvine Burns Club and partners established an 'Irvine Harbourside Heritage Trail' honouring eleven significant individuals closely associated with the harbour. Richard Brown was one of those honoured with a plaque in recognition of his influence upon Robert Burns. The main shipping in the 20th century was light coastal traffic and vessels destined for
3002-591: Is a Community council in Irvine. However, unlike counterparts elsewhere in Scotland, it opts not to use 'Royal Burgh of' in its title. The motto used on the coat of arms of the Royal Burgh is 'Tandem Bona Causa Triumphat.' This means "The Good Cause Triumphs in the end". The Westminster Constituency of Central Ayrshire is currently held by Scottish Labour . The Member of Parliament (MP) is Alan Gemmell . The Scottish Parliament Constituency of Cunninghame South
3160-688: Is a place name referring to a fording point of the River Liffey near Father Mathew Bridge. Baile Átha Cliath was an early Christian monastery, believed to have been in the area of Aungier Street, currently occupied by Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church . There are other towns of the same name, such as Àth Cliath in East Ayrshire , Scotland, which is anglicised as Hurlford . The area of Dublin Bay has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times; fish traps discovered from excavations during
3318-449: Is also a nationally important feeding ground for thousands of migrating birds during the spring and autumn. Otters and water voles live on the estuary as well as numerous breeding birds, including water rail , grasshopper warbler and sand martin . The Garnock/Irvine estuary is also a Wildlife Site. Bogside Flats SSSI covers 253.8ha that include inter-tidal mudflats, salt-marsh and adjacent pasture land. The Ardeer peninsular which forms
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#17327879201893476-670: Is also held by the Scottish National Party. The Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) is Ruth Maguire . At the 2014 Scottish independence referendum Irvine went against the national trend where 28 out of 32 council areas voted against the proposal for Scotland to become an independent state on a margin of 55.3% No to 44.7% Yes. In the Irvine West electoral ward 6,543 votes were cast in favour of independence compared with 6,397 votes cast against
3634-575: Is an illustrated manuscript created by Irish monks circa 800 AD. The Ha'penny Bridge , an iron footbridge over the River Liffey, is one of the most photographed sights in Dublin and is considered to be one of Dublin's most iconic landmarks. Other landmarks and monuments include Christ Church Cathedral and St Patrick's Cathedral , the Mansion House , the Molly Malone statue, the complex of buildings around Leinster House, including part of
3792-711: Is bordered by the Dublin Mountains, a low mountain range and sub range of the Wicklow Mountains , to the south and surrounded by flat farmland to the north and west. The River Liffey divides the city in two, between the Northside and the Southside. The Liffey bends at Leixlip from a northeasterly route to a predominantly eastward direction, and this point also marks the transition to urban development from more agricultural land usage. The city itself
3950-571: Is called Ath Cliath". In 841, the Vikings established a fortified base in Dublin. The town grew into a substantial commercial center under Olaf Guthfrithson in the mid-to-late 10th century and, despite a number of attacks by the native Irish, it remained largely under Viking control until the Norman invasion of Ireland was launched from Wales in 1169. The hinterland of Dublin in the Norse period
4108-455: Is celebrated for around a week starting from the 15th of August, and was therefore Mary's Mass hence Marymass. One interpretation of the placename is that it means 'green river' as in the Welsh river named Irfon . It has had many variants, such as Irwyn (1322), Ervin (1259) Irewin (1429–30), Irrvin (1528), and Irwin (1537). Another author lists Yrewin, c.1140; Irvin, c.1230; Orewin, c.1295, with
4266-722: Is encircled by the Royal Canal and Grand Canal , bounded to the west by Heuston railway station and Phoenix Park , and to the east by the IFSC and the Docklands . O'Connell Street is the main thoroughfare of the inner city and many Dublin Bus routes, as well as the Green line of the Luas , have a stop at O'Connell Street. The main shopping streets of the inner city include Henry Street on
4424-422: Is home to a unique and distinctive category 'B' structure which displayed the tide level to ships entering the harbour until the 1970s. It was opened in 1906 and was designed by Martin Boyd, the harbourmaster at that time. The Automatic tide signalling apparatus indicated the tide's state in two ways depending on the time of day. During daylight, the level was marked with a ball and pulley system attached to
4582-483: Is intended to mark Dublin's place in the 21st century. The spire was designed by Ian Ritchie Architects , who sought an "Elegant and dynamic simplicity bridging art and technology". The base of the monument is lit and the top is illuminated to provide a beacon in the night sky across the city. The Old Library of Trinity College Dublin , holding the Book of Kells , is one of the city's most visited sites. The Book of Kells
4740-471: Is known to have worked in a flax mill on the Glasgow Vennel. Despite being classed as a new town, Irvine has had a long history stretching back many centuries and was classed as a Royal Burgh . There are also conflicting rumours that Mary, Queen of Scots , stayed briefly at Seagate Castle . There is still a yearly festival, called Marymass, held in the town. Marymass refers to Mary Queen of Scots and
4898-406: Is no longer connected with the national rail network. In 1832 a plan of Irvine shows the presence of a shipbuilding yard, and features such as the small lochan known as 'The Sluices', lime kiln, lime mill, a single pier, and a flagstaff. Rubble jetties ran seaward either side of the harbour entrance running into Irvine Bay. The Ship Inn is the oldest Public house in Irvine, built in 1596 and has held
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5056-631: Is partially in Dublin City, but predominantly in Fingal . At the 2020 general election , the Dublin city area elected 5 Sinn Féin , 3 Fine Gael , 3 Fianna Fáil , 3 Green Party , 3 Social Democrats , 1 Right to Change , 1 Solidarity–People Before Profit and 1 Labour TDs. Dublin is situated at the mouth of the River Liffey and its urban area encompasses approximately 345 square kilometres (133 sq mi) in east-central Ireland. It
5214-487: Is provided by Stagecoach West Scotland . There are two primary road crossings over the River Irvine, the more southerly of which has been criticised for some years. It is situated on the site of the former Irvine to Kilmarnock railway link which has long since been closed. The bridge over the river there has long been unsuitable for heavy traffic – being of a Bailey bridge design – which was constantly repaired over
5372-573: Is rain; however snow showers do occur between November and March. Hail is more common than snow. Strong Atlantic winds are most common in autumn. These winds can affect Dublin, but due to its easterly location, it is least affected compared to other parts of the country. However, in winter, easterly winds render the city colder and more prone to snow showers. The city experiences long summer days and short winter days. Based on satellite observations, Met Éireann estimates that Dublin's coastal areas typically receive over 1,600 hours of sunshine per year, with
5530-465: Is recorded that at first the coals 'were carried away in small boats and when these arrived in port, a large horn fixed to a post at the quay by an iron chain was blown, summoning the 'colliers' who loaded their small horses and brought the coal to the harbour, most of it going to Ireland and by 1839 the total annual figure had risen to 44,000 tons. The two short canals at the Misk Pit were connected to
5688-530: Is still visible from Irvine Harbour. A shipyard on the River Irvine , the Ayrshire Dockyard Company, remained active until after World War II , though its last ship was built just prior to the war. Afterwards it was involved in refitting ships and also in the manufacture of fittings for other vessels including the Cunard liner Queen Elizabeth 2 . Irvine Harbour is now officially closed as
5846-607: The City of Adelaide started its final journey to Adelaide , South Australia . Irvine is home to two football teams: Irvine Victoria and Irvine Meadow . The local rugby union team is Irvine RFC . The town used to have two greyhound racing tracks: the Townhead Greyhound Track , closed in 1967 and the Irvine Caledonian Stadium , closed in 1993. The horse racing Bogside Racecourse
6004-452: The Dublin and Monaghan bombings in which 34 people died, mainly in central Dublin. Large parts of Georgian Dublin were demolished or substantially redeveloped in the mid-20th century during a boom in office building. After this boom, the recessions of the 1970s and 1980s slowed down the pace of building. Cumulatively, this led to a large decline in the number of people living in the centre of
6162-701: The Earl of Eglinton and his family. David Sillar, the first vice-president, had been a friend of Burns since his teenage years, was a member of the Tarbolton Bachelors Club, became a grocer, and finally an Irvine Council Bailie. The Irvine Burns Club is one of the oldest continually existing Burns Clubs in the World and has an excellent collection of Burns artifacts, including the Kilmarnock Edition and Edinburgh editions of "Poems chiefly in
6320-736: The Early Modern Irish form Du(i)bhlinn , which was pronounced "Duílinn" [ˈd̪ˠiːlʲin̠ʲ] in the local dialect . The name refers to a dark tidal pool on the site of the castle gardens at the rear of Dublin Castle , where the River Poddle entered the Liffey . Historically, scribes writing in Gaelic script , used a b with a dot over it to represent a modern bh , resulting in Du(i)ḃlinn. Those without knowledge of Irish omitted
6478-712: The Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire , Scotland . The 2011 Census recorded the town's population at 33,698 inhabitants, making it the largest settlement in North Ayrshire, and 22nd largest settlement in Scotland . Irvine was designated at the fifth and final Scottish new town in November 1966. Irvine is the administrative centre and the seat of the North Ayrshire Council administration which has its headquarters based at Cunninghame House. Irvine
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6636-470: The Glasgow and South Western Railway Company, is situated at the west end of the town which is on the main line between Stranraer and Glasgow . The railway company responsible for local routes is ScotRail who operate Saltire liveried Diesel and Electric Multiple units of the former Strathclyde Passenger Transport Executive. A comprehensive local bus network, coupled with frequent services to Ardrossan , Largs , Kilmarnock , Ayr , Troon and Glasgow,
6794-714: The National Museum of Ireland and the National Library of Ireland , The Custom House and Áras an Uachtaráin . Other sights include the Anna Livia monument . The Poolbeg Towers are also landmark features of Dublin, and visible from various spots around the city. There are 302 parks and 66 green spaces within the Dublin City Council area as of 2018, with the council managing over 1,500 hectares (3,700 acres) of parks. Public parks include
6952-468: The Phoenix Park , Herbert Park , St Stephen's Green , Saint Anne's Park and Bull Island . The Phoenix Park is about 3 km (2 miles) west of the city centre, north of the River Liffey . Its 16-kilometre (10 mi) perimeter wall encloses 707 hectares (1,750 acres), making it one of the largest walled city parks in Europe. It includes large areas of grassland and tree-lined avenues, and since
7110-632: The Royal Exchange . The Wide Streets Commission was established in 1757 at the request of Dublin Corporation to govern architectural standards on the layout of streets, bridges and buildings. In 1759, the Guinness brewery was founded, and would eventually grow to become the largest brewery in the world and the largest employer in Dublin. During the 1700s, linen was not subject to the same trade restrictions with England as wool, and became
7268-488: The barony of Dublin . Since 2001, both baronies have been redesignated as the City of Dublin . Dublin Castle , which became the centre of Anglo-Norman power in Ireland, was founded in 1204 as a major defensive work on the orders of King John of England . Following the appointment of the first Lord Mayor of Dublin in 1229, the city expanded and had a population of 8,000 by the end of the 13th century. Dublin prospered as
7426-421: The 'Irvine' and the 'Stanley.' A depth of sixteen to seventeen feet in the main channel was required. The Irvine Bar, that is prone to shifting, was always the greatest difficulty and some ships had to be partly unloaded to give them a draft that allowed them to pass over it, with a depth of 13 ft [4m] at high spring tides. Dredging ceased in the 1960s when Nobel stopped importing raw materials and Irvine became
7584-479: The 'Spartan', one of the last surviving Clyde puffers . Several boats worked from the harbour within living memory, the catch mainly being herring that was sent by train to Glasgow. Line fishing catches included whiting, cod, mackerel, haddock, and flounder. Some of the lines had up to two hundred hooks, each baited with mussels. The first Irvine lifeboat was housed next to the Harbour or Shoremaster's Office where
7742-450: The 17th century has been home to a herd of wild fallow deer . The residence of the President of Ireland (Áras an Uachtaráin), which was built in 1751, is located in the park. The park is also home to Dublin Zoo , Ashtown Castle , and the official residence of the United States Ambassador . Music concerts are also sometimes held in the park. St Stephen's Green is adjacent to one of Dublin's main shopping streets, Grafton Street , and to
7900-402: The 19th century when Glasgow, Greenock and Port Glasgow achieved higher prominence as sea ports. Despite this, there was still commercial sea traffic, though the harbour went into further decline in the 20th century. The main shipping in the 20th century was light coastal traffic and vessels destined for the Nobel Explosives facility. This facility had its own quay, which, although now disused,
8058-402: The 7th century, followed by the Vikings . As the Kingdom of Dublin grew, it became Ireland's principal settlement by the 12th century Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland . The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest in the British Empire and sixth largest in Western Europe after the Acts of Union in 1800. Following independence in 1922, Dublin became
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#17327879201898216-536: The 9th and 10th centuries. Prisoners from slave raids and kidnappings, which captured men, women and children, brought revenue to the Gaelic Irish Sea raiders, as well as to the Vikings who had initiated the practice. The victims came from Wales , England, Normandy and beyond. The King of Leinster, Diarmait Mac Murchada , after his exile by Ruaidhrí, enlisted the help of Strongbow , the Earl of Pembroke, to conquer Dublin. Following Mac Murchada's death, Strongbow declared himself King of Leinster after gaining control of
8374-442: The Ardeer Peninsular by far the largest estuary in Ayrshire has developed at the confluence of the Irvine and Garnock Rivers. This is one of the best examples of a bar-built estuary in the UK and is the only major estuary between the Solway and Inner Clyde . The majority of the estuary has been designated a SSSI , in recognition of its national importance for three bird species eider , red-breasted merganser and goldeneye ). It
8532-447: The Ardeer peninsular. Irvine Harbour is now officially closed as a commercial port . Until recently NPL provided a slipway for dinghies, as well as moorings and berths for pleasure craft. However, silting has taken place and the Scottish Maritime Museum's berths are not for public use. The Roman port of 'Vindogara Sinus' has been associated with Irvine, however no authenticated Roman remains have been found to confirm or support this and
8690-443: The Castle became the haunt of smugglers, thieves and beggars. After nightfall, the locals shunned it, and, if any property was stolen in the town, it was the first place to be searched. In the 1800s, people still living could remember seeing the smugglers' "wee still" sitting in the large kitchen fireplace producing illicit spirits. Whisky from Arran was illegally imported as was grain from Ireland. Old maps show up to two shipyards and
8848-425: The Civic Offices on Wood Quay . The party or coalition of parties with the majority of seats assigns committee members, introduces policies, and proposes the Lord Mayor. The Council passes an annual budget for spending on areas such as housing, traffic management, refuse, drainage, and planning. The Dublin City Manager is responsible for implementing City Council decisions but also has considerable executive power. As
9006-477: The Docklands Quarter (around the Dublin Docklands and Silicon Docks ), the Cultural Quarter (around Temple Bar ), and Creative Quarter (between South William Street and George's Street). Dublin has dozens of suburbs; northside suburbs include Blanchardstown , Finglas , Ballymun , Clontarf , Raheny , Malahide and Howth , while southside suburbs include Tallaght , Sandyford , Templeogue , Drimnagh , Rathmines , Dún Laoghaire and Dalkey . Starting in
9164-399: The Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2022 census , the city council area had a population of 592,713, while Dublin City and its suburbs had a population of 1,263,219, and County Dublin had a population of 1,501,500, making it the largest city by population on the island of Ireland . A settlement was established in the area by the Gaels during or before
9322-429: The English arrived only to find that dissension amongst the Scots leaders was so great that armed conflict would not occur, and many of the leaders would end up changing sides and joining King Edward I . Bourtreehill House , the only major Estate in the parish, was periodically possessed by all three kings, and possibly the Constables of Scotland before them. In December 2010, the writer A. J. Morton stated that Irvine
9480-404: The Garnock, however no matter how hard they tried or how long they persevered they could catch nothing. The saint in response placed a curse on the river, preventing it from ever having fish in its waters; the river responded by changing course and thereby avoiding the curse. as stated above it is clear that the river has substantially changed its course in recorded history, previously having entered
9638-510: The Great Recession, Dublin has rebounded and as of 2017 has close to full employment, but has a significant problem with housing supply in both the city and surrounds. Dublin City Council is a unicameral assembly of 63 members elected every five years from local electoral areas . It is presided over by the Lord Mayor , who is elected for a yearly term and resides in Dublin's Mansion House . Council meetings occur at Dublin City Hall , while most of its administrative activities are based in
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#17327879201899796-400: The Greco-Roman astronomer and cartographer , called it Eblana polis ( ‹See Tfd› Greek : Ἔβλανα πόλις ). Dublin celebrated its 'official' millennium in 1988, meaning the Irish government recognised 988 as the year in which the city was settled and that this first settlement would later become the city of Dublin. It is now thought the Viking settlement of about 841 was preceded by
9954-445: The Irvine weir was constructed in 1895, but popular protests saved this remaining stone. The Grannie Stane is visible when the water is low. The medieval parish of Irvine was one of the most important regions in Scotland. Originally the site of the Military Headquarters of the Lord High Constable of Scotland , and one of the earliest Scottish Capitals, it served as an HQ to no fewer than three kings. King John I of Scotland inherited
10112-420: The Millennium celebrations, an exhibition known as The Big Idea opened in 2000. It was constructed on the north side of the River Irvine near the former Nobel quay. A footbridge from the harbour area was constructed, although it had to be able to open and close to still allow the small pleasure craft to pass. The Big Idea closed in 2003, due to low visitor numbers. North Ayrshire's theatre and arts centre
10270-410: The Milne's Inn (now The Crown Inn) is now based in Wellwood House, Eglinton Street, and has an unbroken history dating back to 2 June 1826. The club had twelve founding members of whom five were known to Robert Burns, and two were once his close friends. The original minute of the meeting reads "The subscribers agree hereby to form, and do now form ourselves into a Committee for the purpose of establishing
10428-431: The Netherlands after the Battle of Bothwell Bridge . It has been suggested that it was during this exile that he learned the skill of land reclamation. The harbour for Irvine has a long history and once was one of the most prominent ports in Scotland after Glasgow . Across from the main harbour itself there was a terminal for the ICI-Nobel Explosives plant on the River Garnock . Much of the harbour went into decline in
10586-535: The Nobel Explosives facility. This facility had its own quay, which, although disused since the 1990s, is still visible from Irvine Harbour. This quay was connected by rail with the rest of the works and had its own travelling crane. In 1870 Nobel Industries Limited had been founded by Alfred Nobel for the manufacture of the dynamite. Ardeer was chosen for the company's first factory because of its isolation and desolation. Blasting gelatine, gelignite, ballistite, guncotton, and cordite were also produced here. At its peak,
10744-419: The Northside, and Grafton Street on the Southside. In some tourism and real-estate marketing contexts, inner Dublin is sometimes divided into a number of quarters. These include the Medieval Quarter (in the area of Dublin Castle , Christ Church and St Patrick's Cathedral and the old city walls), the Georgian Quarter (including the area around St Stephen's Green, Trinity College, and Merrion Square ),
10902-479: The Royal Burgh of Irvine as a distinct village and latterly burgh in its own right in the Parish of Dundonald until the Irvine Burgh Act 1881 extended the town's boundaries. Irvine continued to administer itself with the usual Royal Burgh administrative arrangements of Provost , Bailies and Burgesses , who were based at Irvine Townhouse . Responsibility for public health, schools and strategic services such as roads passed to Ayr County Council in 1930 when
11060-419: The Scottish dialect" , by Robert Burns. The club has six of the original manuscripts which Burns sent to John Wilson, printer, Kilmarnock, for his famous Kilmarnock Edition, published on 31 July 1786, namely – The Twa Dogs , The Author's Earnest Cry and Prayer , The Address to the Deil , Scotch Drink and The Cottar's Saturday Night . The Irvine Burns Club has the oldest continuous record of any Burns club in
11218-404: The Seagate, Irvine's oldest street, once the main route between the town and the old harbour at Seagatefoot, which by 1606 was useless due to silting and had been abandoned. The castle of Irvine, built to control the harbour and town, lay within the lordship of Cunninghame, which had been granted by David I to Hugh de Morville , Lord High Constable of Scotland . In 1196 the lordship passed from
11376-528: The Stone's western home, or say with any certainty that Irvine is most definitely Evonium. What is certain is that the Irvine district was enormously important in the middle ages. The most intriguing evidence concerns Irvine’s links with early monarchs and officers of post-Norman Scotland. In 1618, John Stewart (said to be a vagabond or juggler) and Margaret Barclay , wife of Archibald Dean (a burgess of Irvine), were tried for witchcraft. They were accused of sinking
11534-452: The World. See Category:People from Irvine, North Ayrshire Dublin Dublin ( / ˈ d ʌ b l ɪ n / ; Irish : Baile Átha Cliath , pronounced [ˈbˠalʲə aːhə ˈclʲiə] or [ˌbʲlʲaː ˈclʲiə] ) is the capital city of Ireland . On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey , it is in the province of Leinster , bordered on the south by
11692-513: The area known as the Pale , a narrow strip of English settlement along the eastern coast, under the control of the English Crown . The Tudor conquest of Ireland in the 16th century spelt a new era for Dublin, with the city enjoying a renewed prominence as the centre of administrative rule in Ireland where English control and settlement had become much more extensive. Determined to make Dublin
11850-421: The breach with clay, whin, straw, etc. The miners had been safely brought to the surface and were able to witness the sight of the river standing dry for nearly a mile downstream, with fish jumping about in all directions. The tide brought in sufficient water to complete the flooding of the workings and the river level returned to normal. The weight of the floodwater was so great that the compressed air broke through
12008-414: The building into a watch tower for the benefit of the people of Irvine and visitors. In November 2016 the first stage was completed with an overall roof installed, new windows, a new door, the building re-painted and a radio aerial installed. The harbour and surrounding area became an area heavily blighted by industrial waste even long after some of the industries were gone. There was a waste bing known by
12166-649: The capital city, Dublin is the seat of the national parliament of Ireland, the Oireachtas . It is composed of the President of Ireland , Dáil Éireann as the house of representatives, and Seanad Éireann as the upper house. The President resides in Áras an Uachtaráin in Phoenix Park , while both houses of the Oireachtas meet in Leinster House , a former ducal residence on Kildare Street . It has been
12324-775: The capital of the Irish Free State (1922–1937) and now is the capital of Ireland. One of the memorials to commemorate that time is the Garden of Remembrance . Dublin was also a victim of the Northern Irish Troubles , although during this 30-year conflict, violence mainly occurred within Northern Ireland. A Loyalist paramilitary group, the Ulster Volunteer Force , bombed the city during this time – notably in an atrocity known as
12482-610: The capital of the Irish Free State , renamed Ireland in 1937. As of 2018 , the city was listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) as a global city , with a ranking of "Alpha minus", which placed it among the top thirty cities in the world. The name Dublin comes from the Middle Irish word Du(i)blind (literally "Blackpool"), from dubh [d̪ˠuβˠ] "black, dark" and linn [l̠ʲin̠ʲ(dʲ)] "pool". This evolved into
12640-497: The castle formed one corner of the outer perimeter of the city, using the River Poddle as a natural means of defence. One of Dublin's most prominent landmarks is the Spire of Dublin , officially entitled the "Monument of Light." It is a 121.2-metre (398 ft) conical spire made of stainless steel, completed in 2003 and located on O'Connell Street , where it meets Henry Street and North Earl Street. It replaced Nelson's Pillar and
12798-473: The causer industries were gone. There was even a waste heap known by the locals as 'The Blue Billy' due to the colour of the waste dumped there. Turf from the Bogside 'flats' was collected and sold for use on football pitches, most famously Hampden and Wembley. Sand was collected from the harbour for various uses, such as fine sand for bowling greens and coarser building sand. Alexander MacMillan (1818-1896)
12956-477: The centre of administration and a transport hub for most of the island. Ireland had no significant sources of coal, the fuel of the time, and Dublin was not a centre of ship manufacturing, the other main driver of industrial development in Britain and Ireland. Belfast developed faster than Dublin during this period on a mixture of international trade, factory-based linen cloth production and shipbuilding. By 1814,
13114-608: The chief port for Glasgow until the early 18th century when Port Glasgow developed, then a century later the River Clyde was deepened to take ships directly to Glasgow. Exports from Fullarton included coal, tar, lime, and chemicals, whilst imports included hemp, iron, wood from Finland and Russia, soda ash from Belgium and a special sand for the Portland Glass Factory. Industries included shipbuilding, engineering, foundries, sawmills and chemicals. Fullarton
13272-522: The city, and by 1985 the city had approximately 150 acres of derelict land which had been earmarked for development and 10 million square feet (900 thousand square metres) of office space. Since 1997, the landscape of Dublin has changed. The city was at the forefront of Ireland's economic expansion during the Celtic Tiger period, with private sector and state development of housing, transport and business. Following an economic decline during
13430-452: The city. In response to Strongbow's successful invasion, Henry II of England affirmed his ultimate sovereignty by mounting a larger invasion in 1171 and pronounced himself Lord of Ireland . Around this time, the county of the City of Dublin was established along with certain liberties adjacent to the city proper. This continued down to 1840 when the barony of Dublin City was separated from
13588-445: The climate getting progressively duller inland. Dublin airport, located north of city and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the coast, records an average of 1,485 hours of sunshine per year. The station at Dublin airport has been maintaining climate records since November 1941. The sunniest year on record was 1,740 hours in 1959, and the dullest year was 1987 with 1,240 hours of sunshine. The lowest amount of monthly sunshine on record
13746-483: The coldest month is February, with an average minimum temperature of 4.1 °C (39.4 °F), and the warmest month is July, with an average maximum temperature of 20.1 °C (68.2 °F). Due to the urban heat island effect, Dublin city has the warmest summertime nights in Ireland. The average minimum temperature at Merrion Square in July is 13.5 °C (56.3 °F), and the lowest July temperature ever recorded at
13904-489: The construction of the Convention Centre Dublin indicate human habitation as far back as 6,000 years ago. Further traps were discovered closer to the old settlement of the city of Dublin on the south quays near St. James's Gate which also indicate mesolithic human activity. Ptolemy's map of Ireland , of about 140 AD, provides possibly the earliest reference to a settlement near Dublin. Ptolemy ,
14062-464: The course of the old river bed. The silt from these two rivers and the Annick Water have created the Bogside mudflats, however over the centuries the course of these watercourses has changed considerably due to natural, man made and according to legend, even spiritual causes. A racecourse was once located at Bogside on the mudflats. A legend tells of Saint Winning sending his monks to fish in
14220-761: The de Morville family, through failure of male heirs, and then descended through various families, among whom were the Balliols . Robert the Bruce granted the lordship to Robert the Steward who became King Robert II of Scotland . In circa 1566 it is recorded that in riches and commodiousness of sey port ... nocht mekle inferior to Air. In 1634 Sir William Brereton visited Irvine and his host, Mr James Blare (Blair) told him that more than ten thousand people had emigrated through Irvine to Ireland (forty sailing hours away) in circa 1632–1633, mainly from around Aberdeen and Inverness. He described Irvine as Daintily situate, both upon
14378-603: The development of Irvine as Scotland's fifth new town. The Corporation subsumed the planning powers of the Royal Burgh of Irvine Town Council, Kilwinning Town Council and the Irvine Landward District Council. This involved massive and sometimes controversial development of the old parts of the town. The provisions of The New Town (Irvine) Winding Up Order 1993 officially ended the New Town Designation on 31 December 1996. This marked
14536-437: The dot, spelling the name as Dublin . The Middle Irish pronunciation is preserved in the names for the city in other languages such as Old English Difelin , Old Norse Dyflin , modern Icelandic Dyflinn and modern Manx Divlyn as well as Welsh Dulyn and Breton Dulenn . Other localities in Ireland also bear the name Duibhlinn , variously anglicised as Devlin, Divlin and Difflin. Variations on
14694-485: The end of the Irvine Development Corporation and the return of full planning control of the area back to the local authority. The Irvine Bay Regeneration Company was set up in 2006, one of the second generation of Scottish URCs. Irvine is one of the five towns in the area, along with Ardrossan , Saltcoats , Stevenston and Kilwinning . Major development projects in the Irvine area include
14852-419: The estuary via lock gates and special lighters were built that were loaded directly into their holds and then they made their way down to the harbour where they were unloaded into larger vessels. The Ballast Bank, known as 'Wee Ireland' was formed from sand unloaded from empty ships that had been loaded with it as ballast. Alex McKinlay, harbourmaster in the 1860s, built his house named 'Emerald Bank' next to where
15010-429: The extreme sand movements may have choked the sea channel that had made Ardeer an island. As late as 1902 it was recorded that "Within recent years a number of little lochs, or dubbs, existed between Kilwinning and Stevenston, the memory of which, at least, has been preserved in the name of Dubbs Farm." Ardeer House, Castlehill, Bartonholm, and Bogside were on the coast. The geology of the area shows river deposits along
15168-742: The factory was employing nearly 13,000 men and women. The firm merged in 1926 with Brunner, Mond & Company, the United Alkali Company, and the British Dyestuffs Corporation, forming Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), then one of Britain's largest firms. Nobel Industries continued as the ICI Nobel division of the company, however in 2002 Nobel Enterprises was sold to Inabata. After being unroofed in around 1746, Seagate Castle ceased to be inhabited by Montgomerie family retainers. However, far from being abandoned,
15326-572: The few Roman coins found are not sufficient to decide the issue either way. A Roman Camp site near Irvine was tentatively identified in 1760 and a site at Marressfoot has been suggested for the Roman port. The name 'Irvine' may be of Celtic language origin, meaning 'green river' as in the Welsh river named Irfon . The name has many recorded variants, such as Ervin (1259); Irwyn (1322); Irewin (1429–30); Irrvin (1528); and Irwin (1537). Another source also lists Yrewin (1140); Irvin (1230); Orewin (1295), with
15484-515: The ground in many places and many acres of ground were observed to bubble up like a pan of boiling water. In some places rents and cavities appeared measuring four or five feet in diameter, and from these came a roaring sound described as being like steam escaping from a safety valve. For about five hours great volumes of water and sand were thrown up into the air like fountains and the mining villages of Bartonholm, Snodgrass, Longford and Nethermains were flooded. The 13th Earl of Eglinton purchased all
15642-976: The home of the Irish parliament since the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922. The old Irish Houses of Parliament of the Kingdom of Ireland , which dissolved in 1801, are located in College Green . Government Buildings house the Department of the Taoiseach , the Council Chamber, the Department of Finance and the Office of the Attorney General . It consists of a main building (completed 1911) with two wings (completed 1921). It
15800-481: The inhabitants. However, the city prospered again soon after as a result of the wool and linen trade with England and reached a population of over 50,000 in 1700. By 1698 the manufacture of wool employed 12,000 people. As the city continued to prosper during the 18th century, Georgian Dublin became, for a short period, the second-largest city of the British Empire and the fifth largest city in Europe, with
15958-399: The land in and around Irvine is very flat. Two rivers flow through the area, one being the River Irvine and the other being the Annick Water . The Annick Water is very popular for fishing. The area experiences relatively cool, wet summers and cold, wet winters, although snow in the area is not uncommon. Part of the reason why this part of Scotland is particularly mild is the influence from
16116-534: The lands concerned in 1852 and through the simple solution of cutting a short canal at Bogend, across the loop of the river involved, he bypassed the breach and once the river course had been drained and sealed off he was able to have the flooded mineworkings pumped out. The breach lay on the sea side of the loop close to Bogend on the Snodgrass Holm side. The harbour and surrounding area became an area heavily blighted by industrial waste even long after some of
16274-480: The landward end of the breakwater and the slip running down to the harbour entrance, marked at this position on OS maps until the 1958 edition. The supports of the lifeboat slipway are still discernable at low tide. The lifeboat station closed in 1914 after which the Troon station took over its responsibilities, although the lifeboat house building survived for many more years as a shop in 1927 with cubicles for swimmers at
16432-444: The last one to survive, the Ayrshire Dockyard Company, remained active until after World War II , although its last ship, the S.S. Alfonso, was built just before WW2. The shipyard's main business after this was the refitting ships and also the manufacture of fittings for other ships, such as the Cunard liner Queen Elizabeth 2 . It is now home to part of the Scottish Maritime Museum with a wide variety of vessels on display, including
16590-458: The late 2010s, there was a significant amount of high density residential developments in the suburbs of Dublin, with mid to high-rise apartments being built in Sandyford, Ashtown , and Tallaght. A north–south division once, to some extent, traditionally existed, with the River Liffey as the divider. The southside was, in recent times, generally seen as being more affluent and genteel than
16748-475: The lifeboat was the 'Isabella Frew', followed by the 'Busbie' in 1887. A number of heroic rescues were carried out by the crews of these lifeboats. The 'Jane Anne' of 1898 was the fifth and last Irvine lifeboat, taking part in seven rescues and saving twelve lives; she is now preserved in the Scottish Maritime Museum . Irvine no longer has a lifeboat station; in 1908 the OS maps shows the lifeboat station situated near
16906-401: The locals as 'The Blue Billy' due to the colour of the waste there. During World War II a Royal Observer Corps watchtower was sited here giving a wide overall view of the Firth of Clyde . It is also credited with the first visual sighting of Rudolf Hess 's Messerschmitt Bf 110 in 1941. Irvine was officially designated, in 1966, the fifth and last new town to be developed in Scotland and
17064-549: The lordship of Irvine sometime in the mid-13th century. Robert the Bruce , in an attempt to seize John's lands, made sure that he secured the town. From Bruce, it passed to his grandson Robert the Steward , future King Robert II of Scotland . Irvine is the site of an incident in 1296 (during the Scottish Wars of Independence ) when an English army marched to Irvine to engage the Scottish army, encamped at Knadgerhill;
17222-441: The mast. At night, a number of lamps marked the tidal level. Unfortunately the building has fallen into disrepair and the mast that once stood atop it dismantled. There have been various plans to try to refurbish this unusual and unique building which so far, have come to nothing other than it has been made wind and watertight with a roof constructed. The town of Glasgow in c. 1776 set up a pair of beacons on Lady Isle to indicate
17380-574: The modern city stands. The Viking settlement of about 841, Dyflin , and a Gaelic settlement, Áth Cliath ("ford of hurdles") further up the river, at the present-day Father Mathew Bridge (also known as Dublin Bridge), at the bottom of Church Street. Baile Átha Cliath , meaning "town of the hurdled ford ", is the common name for the city in Modern Irish, which is often contracted to Bleá Cliath or Blea Cliath when spoken. Áth Cliath
17538-682: The most important Irish export. Over 1.5 million yards of linen was exported from Ireland in 1710, rising to almost 19 million yards by 1779. Dublin suffered a period of political and economic decline during the 19th century following the Acts of Union 1800 , under which the seat of government was transferred to the Westminster Parliament in London. The city played no major role in the Industrial Revolution , but remained
17696-453: The museum's floating vessels are moored at pontoons alongside Irvine Harbour. The moored ships located here vary from time to time, including the puffer Spartan, built in 1942 and typical of the puffers that were found throughout much of Western Scotland until the 1960s. For many years, the hull of the Clipper 'Carrick' or 'City of Adelaide' was a well-known landmark, located on a slipway at
17854-624: The museum. In September 2013, the hull was placed on a pontoon and towed to Adelaide in Australia. The Harbour Arts Centre (HAC) is located on the Irvine Harbourside and was re-opened in 2006 following major refurbishment funded by the National Lottery and North Ayrshire Council. This facility is one of the most important cultural centres in North Ayrshire with quality exhibition areas, provision for art & drama classes,
18012-493: The name are also found in traditionally Gaelic-speaking areas of Scotland ( Gàidhealtachd , cognate with Irish Gaeltacht ), such as An Linne Dhubh ("the black pool"), which is part of Loch Linnhe . It is now thought that the Viking settlement was preceded by a Christian ecclesiastical settlement known as Duibhlinn , from which Dyflin took its name. Beginning in the 9th and 10th centuries, there were two settlements where
18170-552: The new parliament, the Oireachtas , in Leinster House . Since the beginning of Norman rule in the 12th century, the city has functioned as the capital in varying geopolitical entities: Lordship of Ireland (1171–1541), Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1800), as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922), and the Irish Republic (1919–1922). Following the partition of Ireland in 1922, it became
18328-441: The northside. There have also been some social divisions evident between the coastal suburbs in the east of the city, and the newer developments further to the west. Dublin has many landmarks and monuments dating back hundreds of years. One of the oldest is Dublin Castle , which was first founded as a major defensive work on the orders of England's King John in 1204, shortly after the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169, when it
18486-410: The oddly angled building can still be seen. The boat sat on a four-wheeled waggon and was pushed down on to the beach to be launched into the harbour opposite Garnock Foot. The Port of Irvine had a lifeboat station from 1864, rescues being carried out by volunteer seamen. The first Royal National Lifeboat Institution boat at Irvine was the 'Pringle Kidd', given by Miss Kidd of Lasswade. From 1874 to 1887
18644-406: The only one to be located on the coast. The other Scottish 'new towns' were East Kilbride , Glenrothes , Cumbernauld and Livingston . Unlike most new towns which were either completely newly built or based around small villages, Irvine was already a sizeable town which had been a Royal Burgh since 1372. A quango , the Irvine Development Corporation (IDC), was set up in the 1960s to oversee
18802-490: The outskirts of Irvine, appears to contain archaeological remains dating back to the first incursions of humanity into Scotland ( Mesolithic ). Iron Age Hill forts are abundant around Dreghorn. The Grannie stone (or Granny Stane) is described as "one of Irvine's prehistoric puzzles", this boulder is either left behind from the Ice Age or is the last remaining stone of a stone circle; others were removed, by blasting, after
18960-723: The patron died and his chances of bettering his situation in life were dashed. He went to sea where, after many ups and downs, he ended up being robbed by American Privateers and abandoned on the wild coast of Connaught . He had fought for the liberty of the Americans against the British, and the American struggle for freedom, obvious in the poet's early poems, the poets sympathy for the colonists can at least in part be attributed to Brown. Burns, who had lived in Irvine for around nine months, describes Richard Brown as "This gentleman's mind
19118-746: The permanent homes of parliament from then on. For elections to Dáil Éireann , there are five constituencies that are wholly or predominantly in the Dublin City area: Dublin Central (4 seats), Dublin Bay North (5 seats), Dublin North-West (3 seats), Dublin South-Central (4 seats) and Dublin Bay South (4 seats). Twenty TDs are elected in total. The constituency of Dublin West (4 seats)
19276-460: The population exceeding 130,000. While some medieval streets and layouts (including the areas around Temple Bar , Aungier Street, Capel Street and Thomas Street) were less affected by the wave of Georgian reconstruction, much of Dublin's architecture and layout dates from this period. Dublin grew even more dramatically during the 18th century, with the construction of many new districts and buildings, such as Merrion Square , Parliament House and
19434-649: The population of Dublin was 175,319 as counted under the Population Act, making the population of Dublin higher than any town in England except London. The Easter Rising of 1916, the Irish War of Independence , and the subsequent Irish Civil War resulted in a significant amount of physical destruction in central Dublin. The Government of the Irish Free State rebuilt the city centre and located
19592-416: The position of the anchorage, which was situated to the east or inshore, for the benefit of ships serving its merchants. The lighthouse was built on the site of one of the beacons and the remaining 18th-century 'beacon' when aligned with the lighthouse continued to allow mariners to follow a safe course to a sheltered anchorage. In addition to providing shelter for smaller ships en route to Irvine, those with
19750-480: The proposal, with a vote share of 50.56% "Yes" to 49.44% "No". In Irvine East there were 7,111 "Yes" votes and 6,811 "No" votes, on a vote share of 51.08% Yes to 48.92% No. For Irvine as a whole there were 13,654 "Yes" votes and 13,208 "No" votes, breaking down to 50.83% Yes to 49.17% No. Irvine is situated in low lying Ayrshire overlooking Irvine Bay on the Firth of Clyde . It is a coastal town and lies approximately 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Glasgow. Most of
19908-421: The purchasing of timber, wine, etc. King James IV employed a French gardener to create a new garden at Stirling Castle and paid him 28 shillings in 1501 to collect vines from Irvine Harbour and to have them delivered safely to the castle. In 1665 a totally new harbour for Irvine was begun at Fullarton, flanking the estuary on its left bank some distance from Seagatefoot, provided with a masonry quay, some of
20066-523: The rainfall of the west coast. Ringsend in the south of the city records the lowest rainfall in the country, with an average annual precipitation of 683 mm (27 in), with the average annual precipitation in the city centre being 726 mm (29 in). At Merrion Square, the wettest year and driest year on record occurred within 5 years of each other, with 1953 receiving just 463.1 mm (18.23 in) of rainfall, while 1958 recorded 1,022.5 mm (40.26 in). The main precipitation in winter
20224-461: The rear, then as a base for the Sea Scouts and Sea Cadets in the 1940s, until demolition in the 1960s. A manual system of indicating the depth of the entry into the harbour existed in the 1830s, Tom Tennant was the operator, based at a signal station on the top of sand hills. Tom hoisted balls to indicate the depth of water on the bar, and also acted as ferryman across the river. Irvine Harbour
20382-580: The redevelopment of Irvine Harbour, creating a residential area with the atmosphere of a Scottish village. Planning for a new golf course with a hotel and holiday resort is also well under way in the Marine Drive area, and the Riverside Business Park will be revitalised to attract new business into the area. The Bridgegate renovation project was completed in 2017. Irvine was granted its first Burgh Charter around 1249. This entitled
20540-432: The sea air, with summer temperatures lower than their continental counterparts and only slightly warmer than their continental counterparts during the winter. Generally rainfall is plentiful throughout the year due to Atlantic weather systems sweeping in from the west. Snow is not rare in this part of Scotland and in many cases brings the area to a halt, like in 1995 and winter 2009/10. Surrounding villages and hamlets around
20698-526: The sea at Stevenston. Ardeer therefore being an island at that time. Blaeu's map printed in 1654 shows this. On 20 June 1833 the surface of the Garnock was seen to be ruffled and it was discovered that a section of the river bed had collapsed into mineworkings beneath. The river was now flowing into miles of mineworkings of the Snodgrass, Bartonholm and Longford collieries. Futile attempts were made to block
20856-558: The sea within the suburban parts of the city. Two canals – the Grand Canal on the southside and the Royal Canal on the northside – ring the inner city on their way from the west, both connecting with the River Shannon . Similar to much of the rest of northwestern Europe, Dublin experiences a maritime climate ( Cfb ) with mild-warm summers, cool winters, and a lack of temperature extremes. At Merrion Square ,
21014-413: The size of the present day Ardeer peninsula. The Lugton Water opened into the bay at that time and not into the Garnock. A map of 1636-52 however shows the coastline as being much further inland than at present and the island of Ardeer by this time has become a peninsular. Roy. It was at around this time that the old harbour at Seagatefoot was finally abandoned a new harbour built at Fullarton in 1665 and
21172-399: The station was 7.8 °C (46.0 °F) on 3 July 1974. The highest temperature officially recorded in Dublin is 33.1 °C (91.6 °F) on 18 July 2022, at the Phoenix Park . A non-official record of 33.5 °C (92.3 °F) was also recorded at Phoenix Park in July 1876 Dublin's sheltered location on the east coast makes it the driest place in Ireland, receiving only about half
21330-413: The stones having been pulled out of the river bed. By 1723 Irvine was described as a tolerable seaport with upon the key, a good face of business especially the coal trade to Dublin . Trade exceeded that of Ayr harbour, however even smaller ships could be stuck in the harbour for months. by 1793 the harbour was well established, with storehouses, coal-sheds, etc. Irvine's harbour at Fullarton functioned as
21488-579: The tide once flowed across the road into and out of the Sluices Loch, of a significant size, which lay between the main road and the Gottries. The house name commemorates that the Sluices, drained 1839–42, was filled up with sand-ballast from Ireland. The ships discharging the ballast would have taken away cargoes of coal. Two dredgers were required to prevent the harbour silting up and these were named
21646-426: The tide's state in two ways depending on the time of day. During daylight, the level was marked with a ball and pulley system attached to the mast. At night, a number of lamps marked the tidal level. Unfortunately the building fell into some disrepair and the mast partially dismantled. In 2013 an initiative by Coastwatch Scotland, a Voluntary Coastal Monitoring and Safety organisation, got underway in an attempt to turn
21804-637: The town to organise its own affairs under a Town Council . In circa 1372 a dispute arose between Irvine and Ayr as to which of the two burghs had rights to control trade in the Barony of Cunninghame and Barony of Largs. The Burgesses of Irvine were able to produce Royal Charters showing that the town had the right to control trade in the Baronies of Cunninghame and Largs. The dispute was resolved by Robert II 's Royal Charter of 8 April 1372 conferring Royal Burgh status. Originally Fullarton remained outwith
21962-484: The town was re-classified as a Small Burgh. On 16 May 1975 the Royal Burgh of Irvine Town Council was abolished and its functions were transferred to the now defunct Cunninghame District Council and Strathclyde Regional Council before being transferred from 1 April 1996 onwards to North Ayrshire Council . The bulk of the Royal Burgh records have been made available to the public in Irvine Townhouse. There
22120-403: The vicinity of Irvine include Bourtreehill , Bourtreehill House , Lands of Broomlands , Cleeves Cove , Dreghorn , Drukken Steps , Eglinton Country Park , Girdle Toll , Irvine Harbour , Irvine New Town Trail , Laigh Milton Viaduct , Springside , Towerlands , The Chapel Well and Tanzie Well . Irvine is well served with numerous transport links. A railway station , originally built by
22278-449: The western boundary of the estuary and harbour was once an island with a sea channel running along to exit in the vicinity of Auchenharvie Academy . A map of circa 1601, based on Timothy Ponts map of circa 1600 clearly shows a small island with the settlements of Ardeer, Dubbs, Bogend, Longford, Snodgrass, Lugton Mill and Bartonholm all being on or near the coastline. The island was small and extended no further than Bartonholm, nowhere near
22436-614: The years it existed. North Ayrshire Council announced plans to renew the bridge in a £2m investment which started in 2007, and was completed in 2010. Irvine is also well served by several arterial roads, namely the A78 (Greenock to Prestwick ), A71 (Irvine to Kilmarnock and beyond to Edinburgh), A737 (through the Garnock Valley to Glasgow via the M8 ) and the A736 to Glasgow . As part of
22594-598: Was 16.4 hours in January 1996, while the highest was 305.9 hours in July 1955. In the 20th century, smog and air-pollution were an issue in the city, precipitating a ban on bituminous fuels across Dublin. The ban was implemented in 1990 to address black smoke concentrations, that had been linked to cardiovascular and respiratory deaths in residents. Since the ban, non-trauma death rates, respiratory death rates and cardiovascular death rates have declined – by an estimated 350 deaths annually. The historic city centre of Dublin
22752-535: Was a "Lost Medieval Capital" and a likely candidate in the debate surrounding the Stone of Destiny and its location before it was moved to Scone. Citing Hector Boece , who said the Stone was kept at Evonium (a legendary city and home to the early Scottish crown), Morton said that Irvine's early high status position in the 12th century supported the theory that Irvine is Evonium. Morton wrote: We can't be certain that Evonium actually existed, so we can't properly identify
22910-408: Was born in Irvine and his father Duncan Macmillan was an Ayrshire smallholder with a few cattle, who also worked as a carter, carrying coal from the pits to Irvine harbour. Irvine, North Ayrshire Irvine ( / ˈ ɜːr v ɪ n / UR -vin ; Scots : Irvin [ˈɪrvɪn] ; Scottish Gaelic : Irbhinn [ˈiɾʲivɪɲ] ) is a town and former royal burgh on the coast of
23068-460: Was built here in 1966, and plays hosts to touring drama, live music and exhibitions. The hulk of the historic clipper ship, City of Adelaide , was moved to a dry dock near the inner harbour in 1992. There were various proposals for preserving the ship, and in March 2012 preparations were under way to move the ship to Adelaide , South Australia , for conservation and display. On 18 September 2013,
23226-502: Was closed in 1965. The Irvine New Town Trail passes through a lot of the surrounding areas of Irvine; it forms part of the British National Cycle Network with routes 7 and 73 forming part of the route. The route forms a ring around the town and passes through Kilwinning , Bourtreehill , Girdle Toll and Dreghorn and passes through the town centre of Irvine. The Irvine Burns Club , originally formed in
23384-480: Was commanded that a castle be built with strong walls and good ditches for the defence of the city, the administration of justice, and the protection of the King's treasure. Largely complete by 1230, the castle was of typical Norman courtyard design, with a central square without a keep , bounded on all sides by tall defensive walls and protected at each corner by a circular tower. Sited to the south-east of Norman Dublin,
23542-555: Was designed by Thomas Manley Dean and Sir Aston Webb as the Royal College of Science . The First Dáil originally met in the Mansion House in 1919. The Irish Free State government took over the two wings of the building to serve as a temporary home for some ministries, while the central building became the College of Technology until 1989. Although both it and Leinster House were intended to be temporary locations, they became
23700-475: Was founded where the River Poddle met the Liffey, and the early Viking settlement was also facilitated by the small Steine or Steyne River, the larger Camac and the Bradogue, in particular. Two secondary rivers further divide the city: the River Tolka , running southeast into Dublin Bay, and the River Dodder running northeast to near the mouth of the Liffey, and these and the Liffey have multiple tributaries. A number of lesser rivers and streams also flow to
23858-414: Was fraught with courage, independence, magnanimity, and every noble manly virtue." Robert Burns wrote to Richard Brown , or Ritchie Broun, (1753–1833), on 30 December 1787, saying My will o' wisp fate, you know: do you remember a Sunday we spent together in Eglinton Woods? You told me, on my repeating some verses to you that you wondered I could resist the temptation of sending verses of such merit to
24016-450: Was named in Old Norse : Dyflinnar skíði , lit. 'Dublinshire'. It was upon the death of Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn in early 1166 that Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair , King of Connacht , proceeded to Dublin and was inaugurated King of Ireland without opposition. According to some historians, part of the city's early economic growth is attributed to a trade in slaves. Slavery in Ireland and Dublin reached its pinnacle in
24174-481: Was opened in 1976 as a pioneering all-inclusive leisure centre, one of the first such centres in the country. It was inspired by the Billingham Forum . Following its closure in December 2016, it was demolished in July 2017. The Big Idea building was constructed on the 1870s site of Alfred Nobel's dynamite factory. The venue was reached by the 'Bridge of Scottish Inventions' from the harbourside and its car parks. Housed within this unusual building, designed to look like
24332-404: Was originally a village lying outwith the Royal Burgh of Irvine, latterly it became a burgh in its own right in the Parish of Dundonald until the Irvine Burgh Act of 1881 expanded Irvine's boundaries to engulf it. As stated, from the late 17th century coal exports from local pits became an important export and by 1793 over 24,000 tons were shipped out annually with 51 vessels engaged in the trade. It
24490-420: Was salvaged and relocated to Irvine from their derelict Linthouse shipyard in Glasgow. The Linthouse engineering shop is now home to many industrial exhibits. The Boatshop on the quayside contains a small exhibition of ship models and houses a cafe. The Shipyard Workers' Tenement Flat is another attraction which portrays a typical 'room and kitchen' worker's tenement flat, restored to its 1920s appearance. Most of
24648-440: Was situated in a low-lying area running from Ravenspark to near Stanecastle and down to Lockwards, now represented only by the playing fields off Bank Street. The loch was natural, sitting in a hollow created by glaciation. The loch waters were progressively drained and in 1691 this was finally achieved. The loch and its adjacent land was purchased by the Reverend Patrick Warner (minister in Irvine 1688–1702),who had sought refuge in
24806-413: Was still some commercial sea traffic linked to local needs, though the harbour went into further terminal decline in the 20th century. The weir on the River Irvine forms the formal upper limit of the harbour. Formerly owned by ICI , Irvine Harbour is now the property of NPL Estates who also own the Big Idea site, the Bridge of Scottish Invention, locally known as the 'Sliding bridge', and other land on
24964-427: Was the site of Scotland's 12th century military capital and former headquarters of the Lord High Constable of Scotland , Hugh de Morville . It also served as the capital of Cunninghame and was, at the time of David I , Robert II and Robert III , one of the earliest capitals of Scotland. The town was once a haunt of Robert Burns , after whom two streets in the town are named: Burns Street and Burns Crescent. He
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