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51-615: NEDAJA is charged with forming Iran's first line of defense in the Gulf of Oman , Persian Gulf and abroad. It is generally considered to be a conventional green-water navy , as it mostly operates regionally, namely in the Red Sea , Mediterranean Sea , and northwest quarter of the Indian Ocean . The Navy aims to develop blue-water capabilities: in July 2016, it announced plans to establish

102-592: A mothership for special operations or asymmetric operations, being used to launch speedboats, deliver or retrieve combat divers and commandos, or use of limpet mines. Her helicopter deck can embark as many as seven helicopters, while platforms for launching VTOL unmanned aerial vehicles are also available. The space on the deck is large enough to accommodate weapon systems such as fixed/mobile missile launchers or large-caliber rocket artillery and their radar systems. Though surface-to-air missile systems may also be installed, Makran apparently lacks air defense which

153-477: A UAE-based energy trader, took a loan worth $ 62.4 million from German DVB Bank in July 2010, in order to refinance the construction of the Al Buhaira and another tanker. Al Buhaira was an Aframax -rated tanker capable of transporting about 80,000–100,000 metric tons (79,000–98,000 long tons; 88,000–110,000 short tons) of oil. Her recorded length overall was 229.6 m (753 ft 3 in), and she

204-400: A contract signed in 1999, Russia agreed to supply 21 Mi-171s to Iran. Delivery was completed in 2001; although the exact number destined for the navy was unknown. In summer 2001, there were indications that Iran would order a further 20 Mi-171s, although as of mid-2004, it was not known if this had occurred. In November 2002 sources at both Iran's Aerospace Industries Organisation (AIO) and

255-452: A domestically produced submarine capable of firing cruise missiles. On November 30, 2019, Iran's navy announced the mass production of the Jask cruise missile, which is launched from Iranian submarines. It also unveiled a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) naval drone named Pelican-2, which had already been deployed on "naval fleets in international waters." Iran's navy deployed two warships to

306-641: A fleet of 64 ships to the Gulf of Aden to "safeguard Iran's interests" in an "insecure seafaring region." The month prior, a maritime coalition led by the United States had formally launched operations in the Gulf. The Iran and US navies subsequently encountered each other in the Strait of Hormuz on November 23, 2019, with no conflict. On December 4, 2019, Khanzadi stated that exercises, called Marine Security Belt, with China and Russia would begin on December 27 in

357-656: A large fleet by the standards of the developing world, and has been described as maintaining "robust" capabilities by regional standards. As of 2019, the Navy has several joint exercises with Russia and China called the Marine Security Belt , which it aims to conduct annually. An Iranian navy in one form or another has existed since Achaemenid times and the First Persian Empire around 500 BC. The Islamic Republic of Iran Navy came into being when

408-615: A presence in the Atlantic Ocean , and as of May 2021 has sent ships into the region. NEDAJA shares many functions and responsibilities with the IRGC Navy, with distinctions in military strategy and equipment: In contrast to the IRGC Navy, which is equipped with small fast-attack craft, the backbone of the Artesh naval inventory consists of larger surface ships, including frigates and corvettes, and submarines. The Artesh Navy has

459-659: A submarine named Nahang (Whale), with pictures broadcast by state media at the time showing a minisub. On 22 February 2008, the Iranian Defense Ministry announced that 74 domestically produced "gunboats" (small missile boats) had entered service with the Iranian Navy. The Navy has had reported to have the Hoot supercavitating torpedo and the Thaqeb (missile) in trials or service, though reliable information

510-430: A warship, she was known with the tentative title Khalij-e Fars ( lit.   ' Persian Gulf ' , a name reserved for the lead ship of Project Loghman ) before her name being changed to the current. Though not officially acknowledged, TankerTrackers, a firm that tracks maritime traffic, has identified her as a Japanese-built ship completed in 2010, previously named Beta and earlier Al Buhaira , and whose AIS signal

561-719: Is Chinese-made, and high-speed torpedoes based on Russian designs. In weeks prior, Iranian leadership had been threatening to shut down shipping in the gulf region as retaliation for any attacks by the United States on its nuclear facilities. In December 2014, Iran conducted joint wargames involving the Iranian Army, Air Force and Navy. Naval phase took part on a wide area, ranging from Persian Gulf to northern Indian Ocean and to Gulf of Aden. New systems were tested, including new anti-ship cruise missiles, electro-magnetic and acoustic naval mine-sweeping system and Fateh submarine. On February 17, 2019, newspapers reported that Iran unveiled

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612-904: Is a gulf in the Indian Ocean that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz , which then runs to the Persian Gulf . It borders Iran and Pakistan on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west. The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Gulf of Oman as follows: Exclusive economic zones in Gulf of Oman: Coastline length of bordering countries: The Gulf of Oman historically and geographically has been referred to by different names by Arabian, Iranian, Indian, Pakistani, and European geographers and travelers, including Makran Sea and Akhzar Sea. Until

663-461: Is believed to have a lower operational flexibility in comparison to the EMBs. Makran can sail almost three years without docking. According to Thomas Newdick, the ship provides the navy with "persistent maritime operations in and outside of the country's own littoral areas" and can "serve as a platform for more directly challenging Iran's regional opponents, including Saudi Arabia". She may act as

714-462: Is concerned, Iran has been building up its naval strength by acquiring three Kilo-class submarines from Russia, as well as other equipment, including 10 Houdong fast attack craft from China . Russia and India were reported to be assisting Iran with training and operating its Kilo-class submarines. As regards other requirements, in December 1997, Rear Admiral Mohammad Karim Tavakoli, commander of

765-564: Is considered a major disadvantage. For a flag of convenience , she flew a Liberian flag during her entire career as a tanker, her registered port being Monrovia . The registered owner of Al Buhaira was Al Buhaira International Shipping Inc, a company based in Dubai . Later she was owned by Ionian Shipping Management LLC, another Emirati company in Fujairah . On 4 March 2013, Somali pirates unsuccessfully attempted to hijack her while she

816-511: Is said to be a sonar evading stealth submarine. Initially known as Moje , then Moje I , finally Jamaran , appears to be a development of the Alvand class. The Moudge or Moje-class guided missile frigate entered service in 2010. Another frigate in the same class, named Damavand , has been commissioned in the port of Bandar Anzali in the Caspian Sea in 2013. This ship just like Jamaran has

867-605: Is scarce. Iran's Deputy Navy Commander Captain Mansour Maqsoudlou announced in February 2010 that Iran has begun planning to design and manufacture domestically built aircraft carriers. The initial designs for building the carriers have been approved as of 2010 and the process of research and the design for the aircraft carrier is currently being looked into by the Iranian government. In 2012, Iran overhauled one of

918-655: The Kaman -class ) missile boat Paykan , equipped with modern anti-ship missiles and modern electronics entered service in the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy. The ship was launched in the Caspian Sea to protect Iran's interests there and was mentioned among the achievements of the Iranian Navy by Rear Admiral Habibollah Sayyari . On 22 September 2006, Iran announced to have commissioned their second self-made Sina -class missile boat, Joshan . Built in memory of

969-488: The Bandar Abbas naval base. In May 2005, Iran navy announced that it had launched its first Ghadir-class midget submarine and on 8 March 2006 announced that it had launched another submarine named Nahang (Persian: whale). During 2000, the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy Aviation significantly improved its capability by taking delivery, from Russia, of a number of Mi-8 AMT (Mi-171) transport/attack helicopters. Under

1020-494: The China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (COSIC) confirmed that the two groups were working on common anti-ship missile production and development. The effort, which Iranian sources call Project Noor , covers the short-range C-701 and the long-range C-802 weapons developed by COSIC's China National Precision Machinery Import and Export Co subsidiary. The possibility that a formal collaborative project

1071-658: The Shah , Tehran has been acquiring new weapons from Russia, China and North Korea . Iran has expanded the capabilities of the naval branch of the IRGC , acquired additional mine warfare capability, and upgraded some of its older surface ships. Iran's exercises have included a growing number of joint and combined arms exercises with the land forces and air force. Iran has also improved its ports and strengthened its air defences, while obtaining some logistic and technical support from states like India and Pakistan. As far as major new equipment

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1122-780: The U.S. Navy as the Kidd class , while construction of the frigates had not yet started. Following this was the US-led arms embargo on Iran and the Iran–Iraq War , in which the IRIN played a role. The arms embargo restricted Iran's ability to maintain and equip its navy. It had to find new sources of armaments. Equipment and weaponry were imported from the Soviet Union, China, North Korea and later, Russia. Iran also established its own domestic armaments industry. This industry has also supported

1173-556: The 120 km (75 mi) range C-802 , and suggests that the co-operation agreement may cover both weapon systems. In early 2004, Iran announced the release of a new cruise missile program named Raad (Thunder). The Raad appears to be a modification of the Chinese HY-2 (CSSC-3) anti-ship missile , one of a series of missiles China developed from the original Soviet-era P21 (SS-N-2C) design. On 29 September 2003, Iran's domestically produced Sina -class (reverse engineered from

1224-429: The 18th century, it was known as Makran Sea and is also visible on historical maps and museums. The Western side of the gulf connects to the Strait of Hormuz , a strategic route through which a third of the world's liquefied natural gas and 20% of global oil consumption passes from Middle East producers. In 2018, scientists confirmed the Gulf of Oman contains one of the world's largest marine dead zones , where

1275-605: The First Naval Zone, with HQ at the Persian Gulf port of Bandar Abbas , claimed that the Iranian Navy had completed design work on three multirole corvettes and a small submarine, to be built in Iran. In August 2000, Iran announced that it had launched its first domestically produced light submarine or swimmer delivery vehicle, named the Al-Sabiha 15 because of its 15-meter (49 ft) length, in an official ceremony at

1326-470: The Gulf of Aden in August 2019 to protect commercial shipping, including the destroyer Sahand and the supply ship/replenishment oiler Kharg . In September 2019, the head of the Iran navy said it was ready to defend its marine borders, and denied US and Saudi claims that Iran had orchestrated recent attacks on Saudi oil sites. On November 20, 2019, Islamic Republic News Agency reported that Iran's navy had sent

1377-569: The Kilo-class submarines in its possession, IRS Younis . Iran was able to complete this re-haul at Bandar Abbas naval base. In addition, the Iranian Navy has modernized and re-commissioned the 1,135-ton Bayandor -class corvettes; equipped with Noor anti-ship cruise missiles and torpedo launchers. Another modern frigate named Sahand , with 2,000 tons displacement was being fitted up with weapons and equipment in Bandar Abbas naval base; and

1428-521: The Navy said that it would establish a presence in the Atlantic Ocean , of unspecified duration. In December 2019, the Iranian Navy's head Rear Admiral Hossein Khanzadi acknowledged in a televised interview that the Navy was now dependent on annual joint exercises with Russia and China, and that efforts by other countries to form alliances against Iran in the Persian Gulf were "pointless." For

1479-515: The US and UK, which had played a part in destroying much of the original equipment in World War II. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , the last Shah of Iran , ordered four modern general purpose destroyers from the United States and eight modified Kortenaer -class frigates from Royal Schelde , but both contracts were canceled after the 1979 Iranian revolution. The destroyers were instead commissioned in

1530-404: The capability to carry helicopters, anti-ship missiles, surface-to-air missiles , torpedoes , modern guns and air defence guns. The ship is also equipped with electronic warfare devices. The two mentioned frigates have brought Iran's frigate arsenal from three to five, while two others are being built, to be added to Iran's fleet of warships in the Persian Gulf . In March 2006, the navy deployed

1581-433: The citadel. Onboard armed security team fired warning shots resulting in the skiffs stopping the approach at a distance of around four cables from the ship". On 12 January 2021, she was officially commissioned into the navy. A day later, she participated in a missile exercise in the Gulf of Oman that included carrying commandos to the ship. In June 2021, Makran and the accompanying frigate IRIS  Sahand were

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1632-465: The deck" and painted blue-gray to be subsequently floated in November 2020, before going on sea trials between 9 and 14 December 2020. Iranian media stated that Makran displaces 121,000 metric tons (119,000 long tons; 133,000 short tons), and put her dimensions at 228 m (748 ft) long, 42 m (137 ft 10 in) wide and 21.5 m (70 ft 6 in) tall. It was suspected she

1683-558: The drills were unsuccessful. 27°08′34″N 56°12′55″E  /  27.1427°N 56.2154°E  / 27.1427; 56.2154 [REDACTED] Ground Force [REDACTED] Air Defense Force [REDACTED] Air Force [REDACTED] Navy Gulf of Oman The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman ( Arabic : خليج عمان khalīj ʿumān ; Persian : دریای عمان daryâ-ye omân ), also known as Gulf of Makran or Sea of Makran ( Arabic : خلیج مکران khalīj makrān ; Persian : دریای مکران daryâ-ye makrān ),

1734-643: The fictional Middle Eastern Coalition (MEC) defending it in Battlefield 2, and with Russian Ground Forces defending it in Play4Free, Battlefield 3 and Battlefield 4. IRIS Makran IRIS Makran ( Persian : مکران ) is the first and only forward base ship of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy , in service with its Southern Fleet since 2021 and named after a coastal region in southeastern Iran . A former crude oil tanker converted into

1785-608: The first time in its history, the Navy captured two U.S. Navy sea drones in the Red Sea on 6 September 2022. It was reported on 27 February 2023 that Brazil gave permission IRIS Makran and IRIS Dena to dock at Rio de Janeiro . On 29 April 2023 the Iran Navy seized a Marshall Islands flagged Suezmax tanker, the Advantage Sweet , laden with oil from Kuwait and bound for Houston , off Muscat . The US Navy said it

1836-693: The former Imperial Iranian Navy (IIN) of the Pahlavi Era was renamed following the Iranian Revolution in 1979. The Iranian navy was rebuilt after being almost completely destroyed during the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in World War II . Following World War II, the fleet began replacing destroyed warships with destroyers , frigates and many smaller vessels, including powerboats and hovercraft , many of which originated from

1887-536: The inventory includes: Based on reports published by Flightglobal Insight and the IISS, as of 2020, Iranian naval aircraft inventory includes: In 1977, the bulk of the fleet was shifted from Khorramshahr to the new headquarters at Bandar-e Abbas . Bushehr was the other main base; smaller facilities were located at Khorramshahr, Khark Island , and Bandar-e Imam Khomeini (formerly known as Bandar-e Shahpur). Bandar-e Anzali (formerly known as Bandar-e Pahlavi)

1938-567: The navy by providing weaponry, equipment and spare parts. In terms of major surface ships, Iran relies on its Alvand -class frigates , as well as the new Moudge -class frigates , which were indigenously developed in Iran and are reverse engineered Alvand class with modern electronics, radar and armament. The navy does not include capital ships ; its largest ships are four frigates and three corvettes . Eight ships are supported by three Russian built SSK Kilo-class attack submarines and Ghadir and Nahang-class mini submarines. In July 2016,

1989-452: The northern Indian Ocean. On December 30, 2019, Rear Admiral Hossein Khanzadi acknowledged during a televised interview with the semi-official Mehr News Agency that the Iranian Navy conducted joint exercises with Russia and China and will continue to do so on an annual basis. However, Khanzadi also stated that the drills were now needed due to a lack of coordination. He also stated that invitations which invited other countries to participate in

2040-406: The ocean contains little or no oxygen and marine wildlife cannot exist. The dead zone encompasses nearly the entire 165,000-square-kilometre (63,700 sq mi) Gulf of Oman and equivalent to the size of Florida, United States of America. The cause is a combination of increased ocean warming and increased runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers. In 2018, a rail tunnel under the sea

2091-479: The original Joshan , lost in the Persian Gulf during Operation Praying Mantis on 18 April 1988. According to Iran's Navy commander Admiral Kouchaki, Joshan has a claimed speed of over 45- knot (83 km/h; 52 mph)[3] and "enjoys the world's latest technology, especially with regard to its military, electrical and electronic systems, frame and chassis, and it has the capabilities required for launching powerful missiles." In 2002, Iran announced it would start

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2142-473: The production of its first domestically produced destroyer. By most international standards the ship, the first of the Moudge class , would be considered a light frigate or a corvette. On 24 November 2007 Iran's rear admiral Habibollah Sayyari announced that Iran would launch its first domestically produced destroyer , Jamaran , though internationally rated as a frigate, and an Iranian Ghadir-class submarine. It

2193-579: Was "at least the fifth commercial vessel [seized] by Tehran in the last two years". It appeared that the vessel managers were Turkish and the owner was Chinese. This seizure is in response to the U.S. seizing the Iran-origin cargo on the suezmax Suez Rajan off southeast Malaysia earlier in the month, which is now sailing to the U.S. According to 'The Military Balance 2020' of the International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS),

2244-410: Was 217.8 m (714 ft 7 in) long between perpendiculars , with a beam of 42.0 m (137 ft 10 in). The ship had a capacity of 105,319 tonnes deadweight (DWT), while her gross tonnage (GT) was 55,909. According to H. I. Sutton, satellite imagery shows that the conversion took place at ISOICO shipyard in Bandar Abbas , where she was "rebuilt with hangar-like sheds on

2295-683: Was last detected in 2019 near United Arab Emirates. Her intended task/purpose is to support naval units in remote waters, especially in the North Indian Ocean , the Bab-el-Mandeb and the Red Sea . The ship was launched on 10 September 2009 at the Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. shipyard in Yokosuka , Kanagawa , Japan . She was completed on 8 March 2010. According to a report by Bloomberg , FAL Oil Co.,

2346-498: Was launched in late 2020 after being refitted as a sea base and underwent sea trials in December of the same year. The ship is equipped with information collection and processing gear. Makran' s exact capabilities are unclear. While the ship is generally similar to the American Expeditionary Mobile Base (EMB) vessels, she lacks the utility deck used for loading and unloading of stores and thus

2397-430: Was planned for launch in 2013. In July 2012, foreign analysts reported that Iran was gaining new deployment capabilities, allegedly to strike at US warships in the Persian Gulf in the case of an armed conflict, amassing an arsenal of anti-ship missiles while expanding its fleet of fast-attack crafts and submarines . Many of the systems were developed with foreign assistance, such as the anti-ship missiles Silkworm, which

2448-459: Was sailing in the Arabian Sea in the international waters in the vicinity of Mukalla . According to a report by International Maritime Organization , "[f]our skiffs with around six persons in each skiff approached the tanker from her port bow, mid-ships and astern. A ladder and an RPG were sighted in the approaching skiffs", subsequently the master "raised the alarm, took anti-piracy measures, informed UKMTO and all non-essential crew retreated to

2499-608: Was suggested to link the UAE with the western coast of India. The bullet train tunnel would be supported by pontoons and be nearly 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) in length. In the Battlefield video game series, the Gulf of Oman is a map used in Battlefield 2 , Battlefield 3 , Battlefield Play4Free and Battlefield 4 with the United States Marines Corps (USMC) invading the shore of Oman with

2550-430: Was the major training base and home of the small Caspian Sea fleet, which consisted of a few patrol boats and a minesweeper. The naval base at Bandar Beheshti (formerly known as Chah Bahar) on the Gulf of Oman had been under construction since the late 1970s and in late 1987 still was not completed. Smaller facilities were located near the Strait of Hormuz. Suffering from decaying Western-supplied weapons purchased by

2601-513: Was under way was first raised in 1998, when Iran displayed an Anti-Ship missile design similar to the 15-kilometer (9.3 mi) range C-701 shortly after the Chinese system was unveiled. An AIO spokesperson confirmed that Project Noor involves the C-701. However, officials in the same company describe the weapon as "a long-range, turbojet-powered, sea-skimming Anti-Ship missile," which better fits

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