101-564: Iriga , officially the City of Iriga ( Rinconada Bikol : Syudad ka Iriga ; Central Bikol : Syudad nin Iriga ; Filipino : Lungsod ng Iriga ), is a component city in the province of Camarines Sur , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 114,457 people. Barely half a century after Ferdinand Magellan set foot in the Philippines on March 16, 1521, Iriga, now
202-426: A 10 KW UHF relay station here. DZIJ-RJTV Channel 21 is set to open in the city. The city is home to two universities, several colleges and trade schools. The University of Saint Anthony , University of Northeastern Philippines , La Consolacion College, STI College, AMA Computer Learning Center and many others are located right within the city proper. These schools have students from the city and nearby towns. The city
303-560: A Japanese propagandist and collaborator during World War II. Drawn and quartered with the use of carabaos , his remains were left hanging on a tree. Josefa Marcos was a schoolteacher who would far outlive her husband – dying in 1988, two years after the Marcos family left her in Malacañang Palace when they fled into exile after the 1986 People Power Revolution , and only one year before her son Ferdinand's death. Ferdinand
404-563: A budget deficit 72% higher than the Philippine government's annual deficit from 1961 to 1965. This began a pattern of loan-funded spending which the Marcos administration would continue until the Marcoses were deposed in 1986, resulting in economic instability still being felt today, and of debts that experts say the Philippines will have to keep paying well into 2025. The grandest infrastructure projects of Marcos's first term, especially
505-419: A city, was only a visita of Nabua, Provincia de Ambos Camarines. Because of the disastrous floods that occur during rainy seasons in suburban Poblacion of Nabua, Father Felix de Huertas, the then parish priest, advised the farmers to move to I-raga (donde hay tierra or where there is land) where they can plant their crops without fear of being under flooded. The flood victims of Nabua who moved earlier and followed
606-448: A direct hand in running the military. He also significantly increased the budget of the armed forces, tapping them in civil projects such as the construction of schools. Generals loyal to Marcos were allowed to stay in their positions past their retirement age, or were rewarded with civilian government posts, leading Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. to accuse Marcos in 1968 of trying to establish "a garrison state". Under intense pressure from
707-792: A lawyer, and then served in the Philippine House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959 and the Philippine Senate from 1959 to 1965. He was elected president of the Philippines in 1965 and presided over an economy that grew during the beginning of his 20-year rule but would end in the loss of livelihood and extreme poverty for almost half the Philippine population, together with a crushing debt crisis. He pursued an aggressive program of infrastructure development funded by foreign debt , making him popular during his first term, although it triggered an inflationary crisis which led to social unrest in his second term. Marcos placed
808-684: A member of the House Committees on Defense, Ways and Means; Industry; Banks Currency; War Veterans; Civil Service; and on Corporations and Economic Planning. He was also a member of the Special Committee on Import and Price Controls and the Special Committee on Reparations, and of the House Electoral Tribunal. After he served as member of the House of Representatives for three terms, Marcos won his senate seat in
909-541: A population of 13,813. There were only four roads mentioned, they were coming from Nabua going to Baao, to Buhi and to Polangui, Albay, now the diversion road passing Salvacion, Masoli, Bato, then to the south road going to Polangui, Albay and there was only one way going to Nueva Caceres (Naga) via Bicol River by boat. In 1913, the Manila Railroad (MRR) Company Station and the public market were established in their respective present site which readily contributed to
1010-641: A strength of some 1,600 troops in 1968 and between 1966 and 1970 over 10,000 Filipino soldiers served in South Vietnam, mainly being involved in civilian infrastructure projects. With an eye toward becoming the first president of the third republic to be reelected to a second term, Marcos began taking up massive foreign loans to fund the "rice, roads, and school buildings" he promised in his reelection campaign. With tax revenues unable to fund his administration's 70% increase in infrastructure spending from 1966 to 1970, Marcos began tapping foreign loans, creating
1111-471: A total of twenty-nine letters representing all phonemes in Rinconada Bikol. A long or stressed vowel is written with a macron (a diacritic placed above a vowel). It also includes the velar nasal special character /ŋ/ that represents "ng". The native alphabet contains phonemes that are native to Rinconada, thus making it the standard Rinconada Bikol alphabet. Example of a Filipino proverb written in
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#17327913548831212-594: A variation of the Latin alphabet modeled on the Tagalog alphabet. But unlike the modern Tagalog–Filipino, Rinconada retains and uses diacritics ( kul-it in Rinconada Bikol and kudlit in Tagalog). This is to highlight the meaning of the words and to differentiate homonyms . In return, the diacritics provide Rinconada Bikol with a unique orthography among Philippine languages. Diacritics for this language are limited to
1313-586: Is Maray na aldəw , and Maray na gab-ī for the hours that start from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m., e.g. Maray na mudtū tabî kaninyō ŋāmin! Occasional greetings: The vocabulary of Rinconada Bikol is rich in words with short or unstressed /i/ . In fact, most root words with /i/ are unstressed. However, not all words with /i/ should be read and pronounced as such since there are several words that have stressed /ī/ , especially loanwords, e.g. sīli ('chili'). Native words (root words) with stressed /ī/ are seldom or rare. The language retains
1414-439: Is gəpə , and this has divided the language into two dialects – Sinabukid or Highland (with /ə/ ) and Sinaranəw or Lakeside (without /ə/ ). Aside from the vowel /ə/ , another notable aspect of Rinconada language is the occurrence of the extra consonant phoneme /ɣ/ . This consonant bears the sound of mixed letters "h", "y" and "w". The neighboring language of Buhinon also uses this sound - clear evidence of close ties between
1515-560: Is Inagta, also known to linguists as Mount Iriga Agta , an extinct or nearly extinct language. Inagta is said to have 86% intelligibility with Rinconada Bikol and a lexical similarity of 76%. Most Negritos, commonly called Agta or Aeta ( Ŋod for camaraderie) today, are fluent in Rinconada Bikol, though speak a different variant. The name Rinconada is derived from the Rinconada District in Camarines Sur where
1616-400: Is a new religion in the city and most of its members are immigrants from Mindanao island. LDS Church members are also numerous, as well as Jehovah's Witnesses . Baptist adherents are also active in the city. Poverty incidence of Iriga Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Iriga is the 4th largest economy in the entire Bicol region, and May soon become a Major Economic hub in
1717-420: Is host to a big number of student migrants from the region. (1898-1899) (1899-1900) (1923-1928) (1929-1937) (1938-1940) (1948-1951) (1952-1955) (1956-1959) (1960-1967) (1968-1980; 1988-1995) (OIC - 1980-1986) (OIC - 1986-1987) (OIC - 1987-1988) (1995-2004) (2004-2013; 2016-2022) (2013-2016) (2022–present) Rinconada Bikol Rinconada Bikol or simply Rinconada , spoken in
1818-639: Is not the typical pronunciation of the vowel / e / in other languages - such as the word beg and bell in English, or the word metung in Kapampangan meaning 'one' - [ ɛ ] in IPA (open- or low-mid front unrounded vowel). The letter ⟨e⟩ in Rinconada is pronounced similar to the letter sequence ⟨ee⟩ in English, or the letter ⟨i⟩ of most languages, but
1919-593: Is often shortened to iyəwā and the command phrase punāsan mo a salmiŋ ('wipe the mirror') can be shortened to punāsa a salmiŋ . A special form is used when talking to elderly people in a polite manner. The letters "ā/a" after the root word of the verb are replaced by the letters "e/ē" if the statement is politely delivered. The letter "e" or "ē" stands for tābî which means 'please' in English, or po in Tagalog. Example 1: Example 2: Example 3: General greetings: The spoken greetings can be shortened to Aldəw and Gab-ī as they are similar to
2020-524: Is surrounded by and shares common features with other Bikol languages. It is bordered by Coastal Bikol to the north, Buhinon to the east, and West Miraya language immediately to the south. The language's closest relatives outside the Bicol region are Aklanon , Waray-Waray , and to a lesser extent Tagalog , especially the variants used in Batangas and Marinduque . Rinconada Bikol is the language adopted by
2121-643: The Sydney Morning Herald , Marcos also had an affair with former Playboy model Evelin Hegyesi around 1970 and sired a child with her, Analisa Josefa. Marcos claimed that he was a descendant of Antonio Luna , a Filipino general during the Philippine–American War , a claim which has since been debunked by genealogist Mona Magno-Veluz. He also claimed that his ancestor was a 16th-century pirate, Limahong (Chinese: 林阿鳳), who used to raid
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#17327913548832222-467: The 1981 presidential election and referendum , Marcos's popularity suffered greatly, due to the economic collapse that began in early 1983 and the public outrage over the assassination of opposition leader Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. later that year. This discontent, the resulting resurgence of the opposition in the 1984 parliamentary election , and the discovery of documents exposing his financial accounts and false war records led Marcos to call
2323-552: The Cultural Center of the Philippines complex, also marked the beginning of what critics would call Marcos couple's edifice complex , with grand public infrastructures projects prioritized for public funding because of their propaganda value. In March 1968 a Muslim man named Jibin Arula was fished out of the waters of Manila Bay, having been shot. He was brought to then-Cavite Governor Delfin N. Montano, to whom he recounted
2424-563: The Philippine presidential election of 1965 against the incumbent president, Diosdado Macapagal . His inauguration marked the beginning of his two-decade long stay in power, even though the 1935 Philippine Constitution had set a limit of only two four-year terms of office. One of Marcos's earliest initiatives upon becoming president was to significantly expand the Philippine military. In an unprecedented move, Marcos chose to concurrently serve as his own defense secretary, allowing him to have
2525-584: The snap election of 1986 . Allegations of mass electoral fraud , political turmoil, and human rights abuses led to the People Power Revolution of February 1986, which removed him from power. To avoid what could have been a military confrontation in Manila between pro- and anti-Marcos troops, Marcos was advised by US president Ronald Reagan through Senator Paul Laxalt to "cut and cut cleanly". Marcos then fled with his family to Hawaii. He
2626-771: The "Liberal Wing" that split from the Nacionalista Party , which eventually became the Liberal Party . He eventually became the Liberal Party's spokesman on economic matters, and was made chairman of the House Neophytes Bloc which included future president Diosdado Macapagal , future Vice President Emmanuel Pelaez and future Manila Mayor Arsenio Lacson . Marcos became chairman of the House Committee on Commerce and Industry and
2727-602: The 1962 Senatorial Campaign of being "most decorated war hero of the Philippines" He claimed to have been the recipient of 33 war medals and decorations, including the Distinguished Service Cross and the Medal of Honor , but researchers later found that stories about the wartime exploits of Marcos were mostly propaganda, being inaccurate or untrue. Only two of the supposed 33 awards – the Gold Cross and
2828-684: The Distinguished Service Star – were given during the war, and both had been contested by Marcos's superiors. After the surrender of the Japanese and the end of World War II, the American government became preoccupied with setting up the Marshall Plan to revive the economies of the western hemisphere, and quickly backtracked from its interests in the Philippines, granting the islands independence on July 4, 1946. After
2929-582: The Iriga variant while the indigenous and aboriginal groups of Agta or Negritos use the Agta variant of the language. Filipino and English are also understood and spoken because they are taught in the education system. Bikol Central is also commonly understood and spoken in the Rinconada area as it is used by the Catholic church and the local TV station centered at Naga. Most of the old residents can understand and speak Spanish/español language. The majority of
3030-723: The Japanese POW camp; his actions between release from prison in August 1942 and return to the USAFIP in December 1944; his supposed rank upon discharge from USAFIP; and his claims to being the recipient of numerous military decorations, most of which were proven to be fraudulent. Documents uncovered by The Washington Post in 1986 suggested Marcos's release in August 1942 was effected because his father, former congressman and provincial governor Mariano Marcos , had "cooperated with
3131-463: The Japanese military authorities" as publicist. After his release, Marcos claimed he had spent much of the period between his August 1942 release and his December 1944 return to USAFIP as the leader of a guerrilla organization called Ang Mga Mahárlika ( Tagalog , "The Freemen") in Northern Luzon . According to Marcos's claim, this force had a strength of 9,000 men. His account of events
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3232-651: The Philippine Senate's exposé of the Jabidah massacre in March 1968, where a Muslim man named Jibin Arula testified that he had been the lone survivor of a group of Moro army recruits which had been executed en-masse on Corregidor island on March 18, 1968. The allegations in the exposé became a major flashpoint which ignited the Moro insurgency in the Philippines . Marcos ran a populist campaign emphasizing that he
3333-409: The Philippines under martial law on September 23, 1972, shortly before the end of his second term. Martial law was ratified in 1973 through a fraudulent referendum . The constitution was revised, media outlets were silenced , and violence and oppression were used against the political opposition, Muslims, suspected communists, and ordinary citizens. After being elected for a third term in
3434-667: The Republic statute books. During his election campaign in the 1965 presidential election , Marcos's life became the basis of the biographical film Iginuhit ng Tadhana (The Ferdinand E. Marcos Story) , which starred Luis Gonzales as Marcos. Marcos's first term began with his inauguration on December 30, 1965, and ended when he was inaugurated for his second term on December 30, 1969. By pursuing an aggressive program of infrastructure development funded by foreign loans, he remained popular for most of his first term, with his popularity flagging only after his debt-driven spending during
3535-406: The Rinconada native alphabet, the letter / j / is always accompanied by / d / if it is in the middle of a word. Otherwise, single /j/ is used. Moreover, it is the only non-gliding consonant that cannot be found at the end of a word in native Rinconada vocabulary. Some words in native Rinconada and Rinconadized words of foreign origin with /j/: Through language evolution, Rinconada Bikol almost lost
3636-674: The Rinconada native alphabet: A dirî tattaoŋ maglīlî sa pinaŋgalinan, dirî makaaābot sa pig-iyānan. (Tagalog: Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan .) Notes: The Rinconada Simplified alphabet is just the same as the Philippine alphabet. It has 28 letters: The letters F, V and Z are included because they are native to other Philippine languages like Itawis and Ibanag . The letters C, Ñ, and Q are also included, but their usages are limited to foreign names, Filipinized words of foreign origins or loans, especially from Spanish, English and Arabic. The simplified alphabet does not use diacritics like
3737-486: The Supreme Court. Malcolm had urged his colleagues to acquit the young Laurel because he knew him to be a bright student. Laurel thus reportedly saw in Marcos a mirror of himself and pleaded for his colleagues to acquit. The Supreme Court overturned the lower court's decision on October 22, 1940, acquitting the Marcos family of all charges except contempt. Marcos's military service during World War II has been
3838-431: The absence of diacritics in the modern and simplified alphabet, pronunciations in the spoken language are not altered. Moreover, the long vowel sound in a word should not be omitted. One example is bə̄ət ('kind') and bəət ('want, like'). The word bə̄ət in the native alphabet is written as bəət in the simplified alphabet, making the two words the same in spelling albeit with different meanings. In this case,
3939-534: The administration of Lyndon B. Johnson , Marcos reversed his pre-presidency position of not sending Philippine forces to Vietnam War, and consented to a limited involvement, asking Congress to approve sending a combat engineer unit. Despite opposition to the new plan, the Marcos government gained Congressional approval and Philippine troops were sent from the middle of 1966 as the Philippines Civic Action Group (PHILCAG). PHILCAG reached
4040-619: The annual fiesta. From the middle of the 19th century until the first two decades of the 20th century, Iriga was a major abaca-producing town in the Bicol region, largely because of the rich volcanic soil surrounding Mt. Iriga which it spewed in its last eruption about six hundred years before the coming of the Spaniards in Bikol. According to William Freer, the American Superintendent of Schools in Camarines Sur, “The sides of
4141-414: The barrios of La Anunciacion and Santa Elena were sitios of Santo Domingo and Santiago, Del Rosario (Banao) of Santiago and Santo Niño and La Purisima of San Francisco & part of Santo Domingo, Santa Cruz Sur of San Francisco. Francia and San Jose from San Miguel and San Vicente Sur, Salvacion, La Trinidad and La Medalla from the large barrio of San Antonio. Some of these barrios were already created during
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4242-492: The book The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Marcos , the opposition Liberal Party would later confirm that many of his war medals were only acquired in 1962 to aid in his reelection campaign for the Senate, not for his presidential campaign. Marcos won the presidency in 1965. Ferdinand Marcos was inaugurated to his first term as the 10th president of the Philippines on December 30, 1965, after winning
4343-478: The campaign for his second term triggered an inflationary crisis in November and December 1969, before his second inauguration. Among the major projects of the first term was the construction of the Cultural Center of the Philippines complex , considered one of the earliest examples of what would come to be known as the Marcoses' edifice complex . Soon after being elected, Marcos developed close relations with
4444-400: The city for 3 consecutive terms (1995-2004). On May 9, 2016, Iriga produced its first and only senator of the Republic through the successful ascension of senator and human rights defender Leila de Lima in the Philippine Senate. Iriga is bounded by the town of Buhi in the east, by the municipalities of Baao , Nabua and Bato in the west, by the province of Albay in the south, and by
4545-486: The city residents are Roman Catholic. The Archdiocese of Caceres has several parishes and churches in the city. The biggest church can be found at the center of the city (Saint Anthony of Padua) and the Lourdes grotto symbolizes the long history of Catholicism in Iriga. Tinagba, a harvest festival, can be seen a fusion of folk tradition and Catholic saint celebration. Iglesia ni Cristo is the largest minority religion in
4646-474: The city. Iriga City is also the regional base of operations of TV and radio network RPN (Radio Philippines Network) Channel 9. Since 1968, its radio station RPN DZKI-AM (Radyo Ronda Iriga) and television station RPN DWKI-TV 10, which has been operating from the city has dominated the airwaves. There are a few local cable TV operators that dominate the cable TV market, including GMA TV 13 Iriga (affiliated to DZAL of Rinconada Broadcasting Corp.) TV5 planned to set up
4747-604: The city. Several resorts and hotels were built to accommodate growing tourist arrivals. The old Ibalon Hotel was renovated and renamed as Iriga City Plaza Hotel. Local cuisine offering meat and vegetarian dishes with coconut milk and red chili peppers. A small central bus terminal was constructed in the city center to accommodate buses, shuttles and jeepneys going to Manila and neighboring cities. Philippine National Railways and Philippine Transportation Company (PHILTRANCO) maintain stations in Iriga City. Several hospitals operate in
4848-627: The city. The Catholic-convent run Santa Maria Josefa Hospital is well equipped and among the best in the region. Power is supplied by the Camarines Sur Electric Cooperative (CASURECO) III. Electrification of far villages in the mountain and river districts was completed and now, the city is 100% electrified. Iriga City is served with several nationally operating telecom companies namely Converge ICT, Bayantel, PLDT, Smart, Globe and Dito which offer telephone and internet services. These companies maintain major operations in
4949-533: The city. The INC's district office of ecclesiastical district of Camarines Southeast (CSE) is located in Barangay San Nicolas. The office oversees the church members in Rinconada and Partido areas in Camarines Sur, and Burias island in Masbate. Thus, a large number of INC members can be found in the city. At present, Iglesia ni Cristo has four local congregations and two extensions in Iriga. Islam
5050-653: The coasts of the South China Sea . He is a Chinese mestizo descendant, just like many other presidents. Marcos studied law at the University of the Philippines (UP) in Manila , attending the College of Law . He excelled in both curricular and extra-curricular activities, becoming a member of the university's swimming, boxing, and wrestling teams. He was also an accomplished orator , debater, and writer for
5151-480: The conversion of Iriga into the signing of R.A 5261 otherwise known as the Charter of Iriga City on July 8, 1968. The city, however, was formally organized and inaugurated as the third city of Bicol on September 3, 1968, by Presidential Proclamation and officiated by President Ferdinand Marcos . Since then, Iriga City has developed tremendously making it not only as the center of trade and commerce in Rinconada area but
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#17327913548835252-470: The elections in 1959 and became the Senate minority floor leader in 1960. He became the executive vice president of the Liberal Party in and served as the party president from 1961 to 1964. From 1963 to 1965, he was the Senate President . Thus far, he is the last Senate President to become President of the Philippines. He introduced a number of significant bills, many of which found their way into
5353-504: The excesses that characterized her and her husband's " conjugal dictatorship ", is the source of the term Imeldific . Two of their children, Imee and Bongbong , are active in Philippine politics, with Bongbong having been elected president in the 2022 presidential election . Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos held the Guinness World Record for the largest-ever theft from a government for decades, although Guinness took
5454-542: The four had conspired to assassinate Nalundasan, with Ferdinand Marcos eventually pulling the trigger. In late January 1939, they were finally denied bail. The evidence was strong against the young Marcos, who was a member of the University of the Philippines rifle team and a national rifle champion. Though Marcos's rifle was found in its gun rack in the U.P. ROTC armory, the rifle of team captain Teodoro M. Kalaw Jr.
5555-524: The future. Iriga City Public Market is one of the busiest in the region which makes the city as the center of commerce in Rinconada district. The old Public Market was redesigned and reconstructed in 2010 and now hosts LCC supermarket, many local shops and several national chain restaurants. Sold at the new public market are locally grown and harvested organic produce such as tilapia harvested from nearby Lake Buhi and Lake Bato. Salt water fresh and dried fish from neighboring Balatan coast are sold in abundance in
5656-410: The incumbency of Mayor Jose C. Villanueva in 1960. And the latest and the 36th barrio ever created was Santa Maria which comprises the sitios of Tubigan, Katungdulan, Bagacay, Sampaga, Rao and Cawayan of barrio Santa Teresita by virtue of Republic Act 6228. Through the unflinching support and willful cooperation of the town's people, Mayor Jose C. Villanueva at the helm of stewardship successfully gained
5757-511: The indigenous population of Agta/Aeta (the Negrito ) in the surrounding mountainous areas of Mount Iriga (old name is Mount Asog). The Austronesian people that have migrated to the foot of Mount Asog from the lowland Nabua introduced the language to Negritos when they began conducting trade and commerce, thus replacing the native language of the latter. The original language of the Negritos
5858-478: The language originated, developed and is largely spoken. However, the precise origins of how the term Rinconada was assigned to the area are still unclear. Popular wisdom ascribes the name to have come from the Spanish arrinconada , 'cornered', from the root rincón , which means 'corner or small district'. Rinconada might have been given by the Spaniards to the then-newly explored and established colony in
5959-617: The letter which represents the glottal stop is rəgsad . This can only be found in the native form of alphabet, and it is limited to final vowels or vowels at the end of a word. Rəgsad is represented by the circumflex ( ˆ ). For examples of the glottal stop, consider the Rinconada words salâ ('wrong') and turô ('drop of water/fluid'), often simply sala and turo in the simplified alphabet and in Filipino and English orthographies. The Rinconada native alphabet has six short vowels, six long vowels, and seventeen consonants,
6060-606: The lowlands, particularly in Nabua and Bula, thus preserving the vowel which has survived to this day in the Sinabukid dialect. People who are new to the highland accent may find the Sinabukid dialect sounds like Ilokano , Pangasinense , or Karay-a of Antique province . The vowel can also be heard from the population in towns and cities speaking the Albay Bikol group of languages. The native word for this vowel in Rinconada
6161-533: The macron ⟨◌̄⟩ for stressed and long vowels, the circumflex ⟨◌̂⟩ for glottal stop, or the letters for velar nasal ⟨ŋ⟩ , schwa ⟨ə⟩ , or velar fricative ⟨ɣ⟩ , as they do not appear on a standard QWERTY keyboard. The velar nasal ⟨ŋ⟩ is replaced by the digraph ⟨ng⟩ , and the two latter sounds can be replaced by ⟨o⟩ and ⟨h⟩ , ⟨w⟩ , and ⟨y⟩ respectively. Even with
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#17327913548836262-445: The macron and circumflex which is unlike other languages, for example Vietnamese which has several. However, due to technical difficulties and a scarcity of resources, diacritics are sometimes not available. Thus, two Rinconada alphabets were created to meet the needs of the speakers: the native and the simplified. Both can be used at the same time depending on the situation, purpose and availability of resources. The Rinconada name for
6363-469: The majority decision, saw himself in the young Marcos in that he had almost killed a rival during a brawl during his youth, had been convicted by a trial court of frustrated murder, and was acquitted after appealing to the Supreme Court, and saw in Marcos an opportunity to pay forward his debt to society. Dean of the UP College of Law George A. Malcolm was Laurel's professor and an Associate Justice of
6464-581: The market. Gift shops offering locally manufactured products made from local hemp, pili nut, bamboo and coconut are offered to local and foreign tourists. The city is home to three major commercial complexes namely the LCC Mall Iriga, which was the second LCC Mall in the district, the UNP Town Mall near the University of Northeastern Philippines , Regent Central Commercial Complex and the newly built Gaisano Capital Iriga. A new convention center
6565-444: The memorias de la Provincia de Ambos Camarines, showed that the “Pueblo de Iriga” was composed of “barrios y visitas distinguida la poblacion centro del casco en 5 barrios que son San Roque, San Francisco de Asis, San Juan Bautista, Santo Domingo de Guzman y San Miguel Arcangel con 6 visitas fuera del casco denominados San Nicolas de Tolentino, San Agustin, San Antonio Abad, Santo Niño, Santiago de Galicia y la visita de los monteses” with
6666-431: The most controversial figures in Filipino history, Marcos's regime was infamous for its corruption, extravagance, and brutality. Marcos gained political success by claiming to have been the "most decorated war hero in the Philippines", but many of his claims have been found to be false, with United States Army documents describing his wartime claims as "fraudulent" and "absurd". After World War II, he became
6767-514: The mountain nourish rich plantations of abaca owned by several Spaniards, and shelter several hundreds of the Philippine aborigines, the Negritos, who are now employed on the plantations. Because of the production of abaca the town of Iriga ranks third in importance in Camarines, being outclassed only by Nueva Caceres and Daet.” During the incumbency of Don Martin Mendoza as Capitan Municipal, in
6868-459: The mouth is more open and the tongue is a bit relaxed. In IPA it is [ e ] , a close- or high-mid front unrounded vowel. So its pronunciation lies in between that of leed 's [ i ] and led 's [ ɛ ] . The difference between the letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨ē⟩ is that the latter pronounced longer or prolonged. Example: mutēte (IPA: /muteːte/ ) - 'chide, scold'. Unlike other letters in
6969-430: The municipalities of Ocampo and Sangay in the north. Iriga City is politically subdivided into 36 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . In the 2020 census, the population of Iriga, was 114,457 people, with a density of 830 inhabitants per square kilometre or 2,100 inhabitants per square mile. Irigueños or people of Iriga speak Rinconada Bikol . Irigueños of Austronesian lineage use
7070-541: The native word iraga, which means "poseedores de mucho terreno", or "possessors of much land". From a mere "doctrina", a religious administrative word which roughly means a "mission post" in 1583. In 1683, this progressive visita of I-raga was converted into Pueblo de la Provincia de Ambos Camarines with a population of 8,908 which several decades later the name I-raga was changed to Iriga by the Spanish authorities and advocated St. Anthony of Padua as Patron Saint and June 13 as
7171-652: The officers of the Philippine military, and began expanding the armed forces by allowing loyal generals to stay in their positions past their retirement age, or giving them civilian government posts. He also gained the support of the Johnson administration in the US by allowing the limited Philippine involvement in the Vietnam war through the Philippine Civic Action Group. Marcos's first term also saw
7272-470: The old City Hall. It is a well landscaped, Japanese-themed park with a huge spurting fountain at the center but was later replaced with a skating rink. Acacia trees are lit with colored lights during Christmas season. Surrounding the park are business establishments and landmarks such as the Lourdes Grotto which offers a great view of the downtown. There is a number of waterfalls and springs found in
7373-450: The phoneme /h/ , hence it is rare. It is often absent in most Rinconada words that are usually present in other Philippine languages. There is no real /h/ sound in Rinconada. It is either silent or glided and sounds like a long tonal vowel, or vowel lengthening. The letter /h/ is omitted since it is silent; on the other hand, it is glided when in between vowels. The Tagalog words such as hangin , higop and hanggan are almost
7474-1233: The phoneme [h] is an occurrence comparable (though not to the same degree) to that in the Kapampangan language . Nevertheless, Rinconada Bikol speakers can pronounce it with clarity and emphasis whenever they speak other languages where it is present. For centuries under Spanish rule, Rinconada adopted many words from Spanish . There are a considerable number of Latin loans (sometimes obscured by being subject to Rinconada phonology and grammar), for example: estar ('address or dwelling place', from estar meaning 'stay'), soltēro ('single' but only applicable to male individuals, from soltero ), ɣūben ('young' from joven ), and ilyābe ('key', from llave ). Older generations tend to use Spanish loanwords more often while younger generations tend to use Tagalog words and rinconadized words from English, especially modern terminology with no counterpart in native Rinconada Bikol vocabulary. Example: Ferdinand Marcos Presidency Family Unexplained wealth Legacy Related [REDACTED] Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989)
7575-420: The pronunciation of the words depends on their place and usage in a sentence. To avoid confusion and aid in ease of reading, it is strongly recommended to use the native alphabet in writing Rinconada Bikol. List of phrases and expressions that are unique to each variant: Like other Visayan and Bikol languages, Rinconada Bikol has a short form for the imperative. e.g.: The phrase iyəwən mo ('grill it')
7676-469: The proto-Philippine schwa vowel /ə/ that has disappeared in most Philippine languages like Cebuano , Tagalog and even the neighboring Coastal Bikol language. In Nabua, Camarines Sur, (where the language is believed to have originated), the vowel also disappeared through normal development and evolution. However, it was preserved by those who moved and migrated to the highland part of Rinconada around Mount Iriga (formerly Mount Asog) due to severe flooding in
7777-696: The province of Camarines Sur , Philippines , is one of several languages that compose the Inland Bikol (or Southern Bicol) group of the Bikol macrolanguage . It belongs to the Austronesian language family that also includes most Philippine languages , the Formosan languages of Taiwanese aborigines , Malay ( Indonesian and Bahasa Malaysia ), the Polynesian languages and Malagasy . Rinconada
7878-729: The rapid growth of Iriga making it the center of trade and commerce in Rinconada area. It was also at this time that Mondays and Thursdays were declared as market days in Iriga. The Municipality of Iriga continued to prosper through the years. The original “barrios y visitas” have developed sitios which later on, these sitios have metamorphosed into distinct and separate barrios. After the Second World War, San Ramon, San Rafael, Cristo Rey, Santa Isabel, San Vicente Norte, San Andres, Santa Teresita, Perpetual Help, Sagrada, Niño Jesus, San Pedro and Antipolo, former sitios of barrio San Agustin, San Isidro and San Nicolas were created as barrios. And,
7979-419: The record down from their website while it underwent periodic review a few weeks before the 2022 election. Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos was born on September 11, 1917, in the town of Sarrat, Ilocos Norte , to Mariano Marcos (1897–1945) and Josefa Edralin (1893–1988). Mariano Marcos was a lawyer and congressman from Ilocos Norte , Philippines. He was executed by Filipino guerillas in 1945 for being
8080-463: The same as the Rinconada words, but the letter [h] is eliminated since it is not pronounced. The corresponding equivalents are aŋin , igop and aŋgan ; the same is the case with other Bikol words like harani , harayo , and habo , which are arāni , arayô , and abə in Rinconada, while the glided /h/ sound can be found in between the same vowels as in baha , saha , kohol , and mohon . The disappearance of
8181-579: The settlement at the foot of Sumagang Mountain developed in size and wealth, slowly pushing the Indigenous Agta communities up to the thickness of the forest. And in 1578 the I-raga settlement was established as "visita" of Nabua under Fray Pablo de Jesus and Fray Bartolome Ruiz, both Franciscans. Three decades later or on January 4, 1641, Mount Asog (named after an Indigenous Negrito chieftain) or Mt. Iriga, erupted. That eruption brought much fear to
8282-686: The settlers but with their strong faith and belief a miracle happened and as witnessed by local folks, the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mother and her son Lord Jesus or "Nuestra Señora de Angustia" at sitio Inorogan saved the people from terrible earthquake and flood. The eruption formed the cavernous gully on the side of Buhi leading to the steep gorge which was the crater of the "volcano". Iriga, according to Fray Felix Huertas in his lengthily titled Estado Geografico, Topografico, Estadisticdo, Historico-Reliogoso de la Santa Apostolica Provincia de S. Gregorio Magno published in 1865, came from
8383-696: The southeastern corner of Luzon Island ; natives formerly called the area Sumagang (Sumagaŋ), meaning 'far east'. Adding credence to the theory of a Spanish origin are the localities of La Rinconada in Spain and La Rinconada in Chile , which was also a former Spanish colony. The language is divided into two main dialects and subdivided into six variants: (Strong accent, flat intonation only, and with / ə / ) (Soft accent with different types of intonation, and without /ə/ ) Notes: Notes: Rinconada Bikol has several diphthongs or gliding vowels. Rinconada uses
8484-522: The student newspaper. While attending the UP College of Law, he became a member of the Upsilon Sigma Phi , where he met his future colleagues in government and some of his staunchest critics. When he sat for the 1939 Bar Examinations , he was a bar topnotcher (top scorer) with a score of 92.35%. He graduated cum laude and was in the top ten of his class, with future Chief Justice Felix Makasiar becoming their class salutatorian . He
8585-507: The subject of debate and controversy, both in the Philippines and in international military circles. Marcos, who had received ROTC training, was activated for service in the US Armed Forces in the Philippines (USAFIP) after the attack on Pearl Harbor . He served as a 3rd lieutenant during the mobilization in the summer and fall of 1941, continuing until April 1942, after which he was taken prisoner. According to Marcos's account, he
8686-529: The suggestions of their parish priest were the fortunate beneficiaries of the harvest of their agricultural plantation coming from the rich and fertile soils of I-raga, more so, those who planted at the foot of Sumagang Mountain (Mountain of the Rising Sun, now Mt. Iriga) said to be nature's given symbol of the Irigueños lofty ideals and noble visions. As population spread out and evangelization progressed,
8787-469: The two languages. This phoneme has neither a corresponding letter in the Philippine alphabet nor an equivalent character on the Philippine standard keyboard. Thus, Rinconada Bikol speakers have no option but to use "h" as an alternative letter. However, in the spoken Sinaranəw dialect, the consonant /ɣ/ and the vowel /ə/ are often replaced by the letters "w" and "o", respectively. Examples of ⟨ ɣ ⟩ The letter ⟨e⟩ in Rinconada
8888-457: The two-syllable words bonjour and bonsoir of the French language. Specific greetings: People of Rinconada classify dim or dark hours as nighttime and light hours as daytime. As such, even with the introduction of modern standard time, they consider the hours of 12 midnight until 6 o'clock in the morning nighttime. Therefore, the general greeting from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
8989-526: The war, Marcos was one of only eleven lawyers confirmed by the new government as a special prosecutor with the office of the Solicitor General tasked to try by "process of law and justice" all those accused of collaboration with the Japanese. Eventually, Marcos ran for his father's old post as representative of the 2nd district of Ilocos Norte and won three consecutive terms, serving in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959. Marcos joined
9090-426: The whole Bicol Region as well, as it is strategically located in between the cities of Naga and Legazpi . In 2004, Madelaine Alfelor-Gazmen, the daughter of the late Camarines Sur congressman, Ciriaco R. Alfelor and granddaughter of Camarines Sur Governor Felix O. Alfelor, became Iriga's first woman city mayor, and only the third city mayor after his uncle, Emmanuel R. Alfelor was similarly elected in 1995 and served
9191-476: Was a Filipino lawyer, politician, dictator and kleptocrat who served as the tenth president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. Marcos ruled the country under martial law from 1972 to 1981 , and with vastly expanded powers under the 1973 Constitution until he was deposed by a nonviolent revolution in 1986. Marcos described his rule 's philosophy as " constitutional authoritarianism " under his Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (New Society Movement). One of
9292-552: Was a bemedalled war hero emerging from World War II. In 1962, Marcos would claim to be the most decorated war hero of the Philippines by garnering almost every medal and decoration that the Filipino and American governments could give to a soldier. Included in his claim of 27 war medals and decorations are that of the Distinguished Service Cross and the Medal of Honor. According to Primitivo Mijares, author of
9393-514: Was announced in Manila dailies. Not much is known about what happened to Ortega and their children after, but Marcos married Imelda Trinidad Romualdez on April 17, 1954, only 11 days after they first met. They had three biological children: Ferdinand , Imee , and Irene Marcos . Marcos's fourth child with Ortega was born after his marriage to Imelda. Marcos and Imelda later adopted a daughter, Aimee . Marcos had an affair with American actress Dovie Beams from 1968 to 1970. According to reports by
9494-592: Was built in front of the Catholic Grotto hosts important events in the city. Shopping malls There are two shopping malls in the City of Iriga. LCC Mall Iriga which is the largest commercial shopping center in the entire Rinconada area and Gaisano mall which is the 2nd biggest after LCC mall has many fast food chains. Found at the downtown Iriga is the City Park which is located near the cathedral and across
9595-548: Was elected to the Pi Gamma Mu and the Phi Kappa Phi international honor societies , the latter giving him its Most Distinguished Member Award 37 years later. Ferdinand Marcos received an honorary Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) ( honoris causa ) degree in 1967 from Central Philippine University . Marcos first gained national notoriety over the murder of Julio Nalundasan . Nalundasan, Mariano Marcos's political rival,
9696-553: Was first baptized and raised into the Philippine Independent Church . He subsequently converted to Roman Catholicism in later life to marry Imelda Trinidad Romualdez . Marcos lived with a common-law wife , Carmen Ortega, an Ilocana mestiza who was 1949 Miss Press Photography. They had three children and resided for about two years at 204 Ortega Street in San Juan . In August 1953, their engagement
9797-538: Was killed with a single rifle shot at his home in Batac on September 21, 1935, the day after he had defeated Marcos a second time for a seat in the National Assembly . In December 1938, Ferdinand Marcos was prosecuted for the murder of Nalundasan. He was not the only accused from the Marcos clan. Also accused were his father, Mariano, and his uncles, Pio Marcos and Quirino Lizardo. According to two witnesses,
9898-556: Was later cast into doubt after a United States military investigation exposed many of his claims as either false or inaccurate. Another controversy arose in 1947, when Marcos began signing communications with the rank of lieutenant colonel, instead of major. This prompted US officials to note that Marcos was only "recognized as a major in the roster of the 14th Infantry USAFIP, NL as of 12 December 1944 to his date of discharge". The biggest controversy arising from Marcos's service during World War II, however, would concern his claims during
9999-609: Was missing at the time and the National Bureau of Investigation had evidence that it was the one used in the murder of Nalundasan. Of all the accused, only Ferdinand Marcos had access to the U.P. armory. Later in the year, Ferdinand and Lizardo were convicted of murder. Ferdinand was sentenced to 10 to 17 years in prison. The Marcos family took their appeal to the Supreme Court of the Philippines . According to Primitivo Mijares , Justice Jose P. Laurel , who penned
10100-532: Was released from prison by the Japanese on August 4, 1942, and US military records show that he rejoined USAFIP forces in December 1944. Marcos's military service then formally ended with his discharge as a major in the 14th Infantry, US Armed Forces, in the Philippines Northern Luzon, in May 1945. Controversies regarding Marcos's military service revolve around: the reason for his release from
10201-679: Was succeeded as president by Aquino's widow, Corazon "Cory" Aquino . According to source documents provided by the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), the Marcos family stole US$ 5 billion–$ 10 billion from the Central Bank of the Philippines . The PCGG also maintained that the Marcos family enjoyed a decadent lifestyle, taking away billions of dollars from the Philippines between 1965 and 1986. His wife, Imelda Marcos , made infamous in her own right by
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