64-460: Iridaceae ( / ɪ r ɪ ˈ d eɪ s i ˌ aɪ , - s iː ˌ iː / ) is a family of plants in order Asparagales , taking its name from the irises . It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of c. 2500 species. It includes a number of economically important cultivated plants, such as species of Freesia , Gladiolus , and Crocus , as well as the crop saffron . Members of this family are perennial plants , with
128-469: A bulb , corm or rhizome . The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag . The family name comes from the genus Iris , the family's largest and best-known genus in Europe. This genus dates from 1753, when it was coined by Swedish botanist, Carl Linnaeus . Its name derives from
192-464: A paraphyletic assemblage, that is groups with a common ancestor that do not include all direct descendants (in this case commelinids as the sister group to Asparagales); to form a clade, all the groups joined by thick lines would need to be included. While Acorales and Alismatales have been collectively referred to as " alismatid monocots " (basal or early branching monocots), the remaining clades (lilioid and commelinid monocots) have been referred to as
256-471: A departure from the older but widely used classifications such as Cronquist and Thorne based largely on morphology rather than genetic data. This complicated the discussion about plant evolution and necessitated a major restructuring. rbc L gene sequencing and cladistic analysis of monocots had redefined the Liliales in 1995. from four morphological orders sensu Dahlgren . The largest clade representing
320-525: A great variety of habitats. Gladiolus gueinzii occurs on the seashore just above the high tide mark within reach of the spray. Most species are adapted to seasonal climates that have a pronounced dry or cold period unfavorable for plant growth and during which the plants are dormant. As a result, most species are deciduous. Evergreen species are restricted to subtropical forests or savanna, temperate grasslands and perennially moist fynbos . A few species grow in marshes or along streams and some even grow only in
384-402: A major deconstruction of existing families into smaller units. They created a new order , calling it Asparagales. This was one of five orders within the superorder Liliiflorae. Where Cronquist saw one family, Dahlgren saw forty distributed over three orders (predominantly Liliales and Asparagales). Over the 1980s, in the context of a more general review of the classification of angiosperms ,
448-430: A new relationship over 5 speciations. New World Iridoideae represent one of the largest clades offering oil to pollinators, ranging from forced pollination using hinged petals to frequent failure to pollinate. Most of the variability in flowers occurs between subfamilies, including infloresence structure, i.e. rhipidia , panicle , or spike , and floral longevity, i.e. less than one day to five days. Some members of
512-446: A number of families having in common six equal stamens, a single style and a perianth that was simple and petaloid, but did not use formal names for these higher ranks. Within the grouping he separated families by the characteristics of their fruit and seed. He treated groups of genera with these characteristics as separate families, such as Amaryllideae, Liliaceae, Asphodeleae and Asparageae. The circumscription of Asparagales has been
576-614: A number of works including Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (Engler and Prantl 1888) and Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (1892–1924). In his treatment of Liliiflorae the Liliineae were a suborder which included both families Liliaceae and Amaryllidaceae. The Liliaceae had eight subfamilies and the Amaryllidaceae four. In this rearrangement of Liliaceae, with fewer subdivisions, the core Liliales were represented as subfamily Lilioideae (with Tulipae and Scilleae as tribes),
640-568: A result of homoplastic traits, including asymmetric corms , woody corm covering, exclusion of the vascular trace during ovule development, and leaf margin . Molecular clock analyses have supported initial cladogenesis in Antarctica - Australasia 82 mya from a Doryanthaceae ancestor. The distribution of subfamilies in Iridaceae is considered to be phylogenetically structured, with all neotropical species belonging to one subfamily,
704-520: A small 'core' represented by the tribe Tulipae, while large groups such Scilleae and Asparagae would become part of Asparagales either as part of the Amaryllidaceae or as separate families. While of the Amaryllidaceae, the Agaveae would be part of Asparagaceae but the Alstroemeriae would become a family within the Liliales . The number of known genera (and species) continued to grow and by
SECTION 10
#1732780698149768-482: A source of difficulty for many botanists from the time of John Lindley (1846), the other important British taxonomist of the early nineteenth century. In his first taxonomic work , An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany (1830) he partly followed Jussieu by describing a subclass he called Endogenae, or Monocotyledonous Plants (preserving de Candolle's Endogenæ phanerogamæ ) divided into two tribes,
832-639: A thickened midrib . Several species with ornamented or iris-like flowers also possess a specialized method of forcing pollen onto heavy pollinators with hinged petals. Tigridieae are distinguished for their large bulbous rootstock and plicate , decidious leaves. The number of genera and whether any morphology can distinguish between them has been debated. Tigridieae Trimezieae Sisyrinchieae Irideae Diplarreneae Ixieae Freesieae Gladioleae Watsonieae Tritoniopsideae Nivenioideae Aristeoideae Geosiridoideae Patersonioideae Isophysidoideae Members of Iridaceae occur in
896-408: A tight cluster of leaves (a rosette ), either at the base of the plant or at the end of a more-or-less woody stem as with Yucca . In some cases, the leaves are produced along the stem. The flowers are in the main not particularly distinctive, being of a general 'lily type', with six tepals , either free or fused from the base and up to six stamina . They are frequently clustered at the end of
960-506: A tube. It has a superior ovary with three flattened stamens. This superior ovary , distinguishes it from any other member of the Iridaceae. Plants in the Iridaceae family are usually distinguished by the "septal nectaries" this is tissue in an ovary that produces nectar, but these are not present within Isophyis tasmanica . This suggests that Isophyis tasmanica does not use nectar to attract pollinators. The former genus name Hewardia
1024-503: Is monotypic , only containing Isophysis from Tasmania. It is the only member of the family with a superior ovary, and it grows a solitary star-like, yellow to brownish flower. It is also sister to all other extant taxa of Iridaceae, diverging 66mya. Subfamily Nivenioideae contained six genera from South Africa, Australia and Madagascar, including the core genera and only true shrubs in the family ( Klattia , Nivenia and Witsenia ). Upon phylogenetic analysis, subfamily Crocoideae
1088-500: Is a genus of herbaceous , perennial and rhizomatous plants in the Iris family ( Iridaceae ). A monotypic genus formerly known as Hewardia , it contains a single species, Isophysis tasmanica is a Palaeoendemic found only in the south-west of Tasmania. The genus name is derived from the Greek words iso , meaning "equal", and physis , meaning "bladder". Isophysis tasmanica
1152-517: Is a dominant species within alpine sedge land. It is also found in coniferous, alpine, bolster and deciduous heathlands. It occurs from sea level to 1300m. The vegetation that it resides in is open in structure. It grows on highly siliceous rocks. It is often found on gravel slopes or rock crevices. Isophysis tasmanica is a tufted plant with smooth leaves that come from a woody underground rhizome. The leaves are 5–30 cm long and 3-5mm wide. The leaves are linear and persist in fans. The scape
1216-547: Is always found nested within Nivenioideae, leading to it not being a monophyletic taxon. A revised description of these groups led to the description of Aristea , Geosiris , and Patersonia each as separate subfamilies, retaining a core, monophyletic Nivenioideae. It is now distinguished as being evergreen shrubs with monocot -type secondary thickening , shield shaped seeds, and paired rhipidia with only one to two flowers in each cluster. Subfamily Iridoideae has
1280-435: Is erect, terete and unbranched, the scrape can be 40 cm high. Up the scape there are one to three smaller leaves that wrap around the stem. Below the flower, a pair of spath- bracts (modified leaves) that enclose the solitary terminal flower are brown or purple. The flower is purple and can be almost black but they are sometimes yellow. The petals are equal and 2.5–6 cm long 3-9mm wide. These petals come together in
1344-454: Is usually a corm, they have blooms which sometimes have scent, are collected in inflorescence and contain six tepals. The nectar is produced mostly in the base of the bloom from the glands of the ovary, which is where the flower forms a tube-like end. In some species there is no such end and the plant only provides pollen to pollinating insects. Members of this subfamily have the sword-shaped leaves typical of Iridaceae. Subfamily Isophysidoideae
SECTION 20
#17327806981491408-721: The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web . The order takes its name from the type family Asparagaceae and is placed in the monocots amongst the lilioid monocots . The order has only recently been recognized in classification systems. It was first put forward by Huber in 1977 and later taken up in the Dahlgren system of 1985 and then the APG in 1998, 2003 and 2009. Before this, many of its families were assigned to
1472-642: The Cretaceous period ), although given the difficulty in classifying the families involved, estimates are likely to be uncertain. From an economic point of view, the order Asparagales is second in importance within the monocots only to the order Poales (which includes grasses and cereals ). Species are used as food and flavourings (e.g. onion , garlic , leek , asparagus , vanilla , saffron ), in medicinal or cosmetic applications ( Aloe ), as cut flowers (e.g. freesia , gladiolus , iris , orchids ), and as garden ornamentals (e.g. day lilies , lily of
1536-613: The Dahlgren system of 1985 onwards, studies based mainly on morphology had identified the Asparagales as a distinct group, but had also included groups now located in Liliales, Pandanales and Zingiberales. Research in the 21st century has supported the monophyly of Asparagales, based on morphology, 18S rDNA, and other DNA sequences, although some phylogenetic reconstructions based on molecular data have suggested that Asparagales may be paraphyletic, with Orchidaceae separated from
1600-685: The Irdoideae . Subfamily Crocoideae is one of the major subfamilies in the family Iridaceae. It contains many genera, including Afrocrocus , Babiana , Chasmanthe , Crocosmia , Crocus , Cyanixia , Devia , Dierama , Duthiastrum , Freesia , Geissorhiza , Gladiolus , Hesperantha , Ixia , Lapeirousia , Melasphaerula , Micranthus , Pillansia , Romulea , Sparaxis , Savannosiphon , Syringodea , Thereianthus , Tritonia , Tritoniopsis , Xenoscapa and Watsonia . They are mainly from Africa, but includes members from Europe and Asia. The rootstock
1664-652: The Petaloidea and Glumaceae . He divided the former, often referred to as petaloid monocots, into 32 orders, including the Liliaceae (defined narrowly), but also most of the families considered to make up the Asparagales today, including the Amaryllideae . By 1846, in his final scheme Lindley had greatly expanded and refined the treatment of the monocots, introducing both an intermediate ranking (Alliances) and tribes within orders ( i.e. families). Lindley placed
1728-440: The hierarchical system of taxonomy ( phylogeny ), placing Asparagus and related genera within a division of Monocotyledons , a class (III) of Stamina Perigynia and 'order' Asparagi, divided into three subfamilies. The use of the term Ordo (order) at that time was closer to what we now understand as Family, rather than Order. In creating his scheme he used a modified form of Linnaeus' sexual classification but using
1792-527: The ovaries and be referred to as Amaryllideae and in 1813 de Candolle described Liliacées Juss. and Amaryllidées Brown as two quite separate families. The literature on the organisation of genera into families and higher ranks became available in the English language with Samuel Frederick Gray 's A natural arrangement of British plants (1821). Gray used a combination of Linnaeus' sexual classification and Jussieu's natural classification to group together
1856-406: The style , petaloid crests , and schlerenchyma tissue along the margins of leaves. Sisyrichieae is noted for having long style branches that may interlace with stamens , partially fused filaments , and the lack of oxaloacetate crystals in leaves. Trimezieae is the smallest tribe with two to four genera, noted for the presence of large rhizomes or corms rather than bulbs as well as
1920-461: The tribe Irideae have flowers functioning as meranthia, or developing as three separate zygomorphic units that pollinators visit individually. 69 genera have been recognized in the family, with a total of 2597 species described. The Afrotropical realm , and in particular South Africa , have the greatest diversity of genera. Asparagales Asparagales ( asparagoid lilies ) is an order of plants in modern classification systems such as
1984-582: The "core monocots". The relationship between the orders (with the exception of the two sister orders) is pectinate , that is diverging in succession from the line that leads to the commelinids. Numbers indicate crown group (most recent common ancestor of the sampled species of the clade of interest) divergence times in mya (million years ago). Acorales Alismatales Petrosaviales Dioscoreales 115 Pandanales 91 Liliales 121 Asparagales 120 Dasypogonaceae Arecales Poales Zingiberales Commelinales A phylogenetic tree for
Iridaceae - Misplaced Pages Continue
2048-598: The APG circumscription , Asparagales is the largest order of monocots with 14 families, 1,122 genera , and about 36,000 species . The order is clearly circumscribed on the basis of molecular phylogenetics , but it is difficult to define morphologically since its members are structurally diverse. Most species of Asparagales are herbaceous perennials , although some are climbers and some are trees or shrubs. The order also contains many geophytes (bulbs, corms, and various kinds of tuber). According to telomere sequence , at least two evolutionary switch-points happened within
2112-420: The Amaryllidaceae. The appearance of Charles Darwin 's Origin of Species in 1859 changed the way that taxonomists considered plant classification, incorporating evolutionary information into their schemata. The Darwinian approach led to the concept of phylogeny (tree-like structure) in assembling classification systems, starting with Eichler . Eichler , having established a hierarchical system in which
2176-526: The Amaryllideae were placed in series Epigynae. The Liliaceae now consisted of twenty tribes (including Tulipeae, Scilleae and Asparageae), and the Amaryllideae of five (including Agaveae and Alstroemerieae). An important addition to the treatment of the Liliaceae was the recognition of the Allieae as a distinct tribe that would eventually find its way to the Asparagales as the subfamily Allioideae of
2240-637: The Asparagae were represented as Asparagoideae and the Allioideae was preserved, representing the alliaceous genera. Allieae , Agapantheae and Gilliesieae were the three tribes within this subfamily. In the Amaryllidaceae, there was little change from the Bentham & Hooker. A similar approach was adopted by Wettstein . In the twentieth century the Wettstein system (1901–1935) placed many of
2304-546: The Asparagales (although not in Orchidaceae , thought to be the sister-group of the rest of the order). The leaves of almost all species form a tight rosette , either at the base of the plant or at the end of the stem , but occasionally along the stem. The flowers are not particularly distinctive, being 'lily type', with six tepals and up to six stamina . The order is thought to have first diverged from other related monocots some 120–130 million years ago (early in
2368-399: The Asparagales, generally to family level, but including groups which were recently and widely treated as families but which are now reduced to subfamily rank, is shown below. Orchidaceae Boryaceae Blandfordiaceae Lanariaceae Asteliaceae Hypoxidaceae Ixioliriaceae Tecophilaeaceae Doryanthaceae Iridaceae Xeronemataceae Isophysis Isophysis
2432-457: The French literature (Latin: Asparagaceae). Meanwhile, the 'Narcissi' had been renamed as the 'Amaryllidées' (Amaryllideae) in 1805, by Jean Henri Jaume Saint-Hilaire , using Amaryllis as the type species rather than Narcissus , and thus has the authority attribution for Amaryllidaceae . In 1810, Brown proposed that a subgroup of Liliaceae be distinguished on the basis of the position of
2496-591: The Greek goddess, Iris, who carried messages from Olympus to earth along a rainbow, whose colors were seen by Linnaeus in the multi-hued petals of many of the species. Iridaceae is currently recognized as nested in the Asparagales order but was traditionally grouped with Liliales . Iridaceae was previously divided into four subfamilies but results from phylogenetic analysis suggested an additional three could be recognized. These differences in circumscription are
2560-615: The Liliaceae were subjected to more intense scrutiny. By the end of that decade, the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew , the British Museum of Natural History and the Edinburgh Botanical Gardens formed a committee to examine the possibility of separating the family at least for the organization of their herbaria . That committee finally recommended that 24 new families be created in the place of
2624-403: The Liliaceae within the Liliales , but saw it as a paraphyletic ("catch-all") family, being all Liliales not included in the other orders, but hoped that the future would reveal some characteristic that would group them better. The order Liliales was very large and included almost all monocotyledons with colourful tepals and without starch in their endosperm (the lilioid monocots ). The Liliales
Iridaceae - Misplaced Pages Continue
2688-467: The Liliaceae, all previously included in Liliales, but including both the Calochortaceae and Liliaceae sensu Tamura. This redefined family, that became referred to as core Liliales, but corresponded to the emerging circumscription of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998). The 2009 revision of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system, APG III , places the order in the clade monocots . From
2752-495: The dry season. At this time the plants are dormant and their bulbs or corms are able to survive the heat of the fires underground. Veld fires clear the soil surface of competing vegetation, as well as fertilize it with ash. With the arrival of the first rains, the dormant corms are ready to burst into growth, sending up flowers and stems before they can be shaded out by other vegetation. Many grassland and fynbos irids flower best after fires and some fynbos species will only flower in
2816-419: The external epidermis either obliterated (in most species bearing fleshy fruit), or if present, have a layer of black carbonaceous phytomelanin in species with dry fruits (nuts). The inner part of the seed coat is generally collapsed, in contrast to Liliales whose seeds have a well developed outer epidermis, lack phytomelanin, and usually display a cellular inner layer. The orders which have been separated from
2880-484: The flowering plants ( angiosperms ) were divided into monocotyledons and dicotyledons , further divided into former into seven orders. Within the Liliiflorae were seven families, including Liliaceae and Amaryllidaceae. Liliaceae included Allium and Ornithogalum (modern Allioideae ) and Asparagus . Engler , in his system developed Eichler's ideas into a much more elaborate scheme which he treated in
2944-425: The name Asparagales belongs to Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link (1767–1851) who coined the word 'Asparaginae' in 1829 for a higher order taxon that included Asparagus although Adanson and Jussieau had also done so earlier (see History). Earlier circumscriptions of Asparagales attributed the name to Bromhead (1838), who had been the first to use the term 'Asparagales'. The type genus , Asparagus , from which
3008-547: The name of the order is derived, was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, with ten species. He placed Asparagus within the Hexandria Monogynia (six stamens , one carpel ) in his sexual classification in the Species Plantarum . The majority of taxa now considered to constitute Asparagales have historically been placed within the very large and diverse family, Liliaceae . The family Liliaceae
3072-475: The old Liliales are difficult to characterize. No single morphological character appears to be diagnostic of the order Asparagales. As circumscribed within the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system Asparagales is the largest order within the monocotyledons , with 14 families, 1,122 genera and about 25,000–42,000 species , thus accounting for about 50% of all monocots and 10–15% of the flowering plants (angiosperms). The attribution of botanical authority for
3136-513: The old order Liliales , a very large order containing almost all monocots with colorful tepals and lacking starch in their endosperm . DNA sequence analysis indicated that many of the taxa previously included in Liliales should actually be redistributed over three orders, Liliales , Asparagales, and Dioscoreales . The boundaries of the Asparagales and of its families have undergone a series of changes in recent years; future research may lead to further changes and ultimately greater stability. In
3200-473: The order. The basal sequence is formed by TTTAGGG like in the majority of higher plants. Basal motif was changed to vertebrate-like TTAGGG and finally, the most divergent motif CTCGGTTATGGG appears in Allium . One of the defining characteristics ( synapomorphies ) of the order is the presence of phytomelanin , a black pigment present in the seed coat, creating a dark crust. Phytomelanin is found in most families of
3264-461: The original broad Liliaceae, largely by elevating subfamilies to the rank of separate families. The order Asparagales as currently circumscribed has only recently been recognized in classification systems, through the advent of phylogenetics . The 1990s saw considerable progress in plant phylogeny and phylogenetic theory, enabling a phylogenetic tree to be constructed for all of the flowering plants. The establishment of major new clades necessitated
SECTION 50
#17327806981493328-405: The plant stem. The Asparagales are generally distinguished from the Liliales by the lack of markings on the tepals, the presence of septal nectaries in the ovaries , rather than the bases of the tepals or stamen filaments, and the presence of secondary growth . They are generally geophytes , but with linear leaves, and a lack of fine reticular venation . The seeds characteristically have
3392-481: The respective topography of stamens to carpels rather than just their numbers. While De Jussieu's Stamina Perigynia also included a number of 'orders' that would eventually form families within the Asparagales such as the Asphodeli ( Asphodelaceae ), Narcissi ( Amaryllidaceae ) and Irides ( Iridaceae ), the remainder are now allocated to other orders. Jussieu's Asparagi soon came to be referred to as Asparagacées in
3456-409: The rest. Within the monocots, Asparagales is the sister group of the commelinid clade. This cladogram shows the placement of Asparagales within the orders of Lilianae sensu Chase & Reveal (monocots) based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. The lilioid monocot orders are bracketed, namely Petrosaviales , Dioscoreales , Pandanales , Liliales and Asparagales. These constitute
3520-1282: The season after a fire. The majority of Iridaceae are pollinated by Hymenoptera , frequently by single species or a small group of species. These tight relationships found in individual species of Iridaceae, especially in Gladiolus , were the inspiration for the description of pollinator syndromes . Pollinators include various species of solitary bees , as well as sunbirds , long-proboscid flies (such as Moegistorhynchus longirostris ), butterflies , and night moths . Ancestrally, flowers were zygomorphic , as in Crocoideae , with contrasting nectary locations for pollinators. Flowers may present nectar and pollen rewards to visitors, but some genera may only offer nectar such as in Gladious and Watsonia . Species of Ferraria produce putrid smells, floral cups, and dark mottled perianth in order to attract Diptera. Members of Iridoideae and Nivenioideae have radially symmetric trumpet-like flowers that secrete large amounts of nectar. This novel morphology enabled additional floral complexity and rapid evolution of pollinator relationships, as frequently as
3584-654: The spray of seasonal waterfalls. Members of the subfamilies Crocoideae and Nivenioideae first began cladogenesis in arid conditions in Africa, accelerating for Crocoideae as the Mediterranean climate emerged in Southern Africa. A similar process occurred for the tribe Tigridieae in Iridoideae following long-distance dispersal from South to North America, resulting in high levels of endemism . In
3648-763: The taxa in an order called 'Liliiflorae'. Next Johannes Paulus Lotsy (1911) proposed dividing the Liliiflorae into a number of smaller families including Asparagaceae . Then Herbert Huber (1969, 1977), following Lotsy's example, proposed that the Liliiflorae be split into four groups including the 'Asparagoid' Liliiflorae . The widely used Cronquist system (1968–1988) used the very broadly defined order Liliales. These various proposals to separate small groups of genera into more homogeneous families made little impact till that of Dahlgren (1985) incorporating new information including synapomorphy . Dahlgren developed Huber's ideas further and popularised them, with
3712-666: The time of the next major British classification, that of the Bentham & Hooker system in 1883 (published in Latin) several of Lindley's other families had been absorbed into the Liliaceae. They used the term 'series' to indicate suprafamilial rank, with seven series of monocotyledons (including Glumaceae), but did not use Lindley's terms for these. However, they did place the Liliaceous and Amaryllidaceous genera into separate series. The Liliaceae were placed in series Coronariae, while
3776-513: The tribe Sisyrichieae , the continued formation of the Andes supported the movement to lower elevations along the Atlantic . The aerial portions of deciduous species die back when the bulb or corm enters dormancy. The plants thus survive periods that are unfavorable for growth by retreating underground. This is particularly useful in grasslands and fynbos , which are adapted to regular burning in
3840-530: The tribes attracting oil bees . The genus Diplarreneae is sister to the rest of the subfamily and is unique to Iridoideae in having zygomorphic flowers and stamens with unequal height. Irideae represents the Old World portion of the subfamily but include several genera that diversified in North America, such as Iris . They are distinguishable with the presence of flattened anthers pressed to
3904-428: The valley , Agapanthus ). Although most species in the order are herbaceous , some no more than 15 cm high, there are a number of climbers ( e.g. , some species of Asparagus ), as well as several genera forming trees (e.g. Agave , Cordyline , Yucca , Dracaena , Aloe ), which can exceed 10 m in height. Succulent genera occur in several families (e.g. Aloe ). Almost all species have
SECTION 60
#17327806981493968-494: The widest geographic distribution and is divided into four tribes and one sister genus: Irideae , Sisyrichieae , Trimezieae , Tigridieae ,and Diplarreneae. Iridoideae is differentiated from the other subfamilies by having very short-lived flowers, nectaries on the perianth , and long branching styles . Excluding the Irideae , the evolution of oil-producing trichomes , called elaiophores , have been gained and lost in each of
4032-502: Was difficult to divide into families because morphological characters were not present in patterns that clearly demarcated groups. This kept the Liliaceae separate from the Amaryllidaceae (Narcissales). Of these, Liliaceae was divided into eleven tribes (with 133 genera) and Amaryllidaceae into four tribes (with 68 genera), yet both contained many genera that would eventually segregate to each other's contemporary orders (Liliales and Asparagales respectively). The Liliaceae would be reduced to
4096-562: Was first described by Michel Adanson in 1763, and in his taxonomic scheme he created eight sections within it, including the Asparagi with Asparagus and three other genera. The system of organising genera into families is generally credited to Antoine Laurent de Jussieu who formally described both the Liliaceae and the type family of Asparagales, the Asparagaceae , as Lilia and Asparagi, respectively, in 1789. Jussieu established
#148851