114-601: Irinjalakuda is a municipal town in Thrissur district , Kerala , India. It is the headquarters of Irinjalakuda Revenue Division , Thrissur Rural Police and Mukundapuram Taluk . After Thrissur , this town has most number of administrative, law-enforcement, and judicial offices in the district. The place is well known for Koodalmanikyam Temple and the Thachudaya Kaimals , who had princely status until 1971. The earliest recorded history of this temples date back to
228-522: A Kochi legislative assembly was also constituted to help the public participate in the administration. The assembly consisted of 45 members, 10 were officially nominated. Thottakkattu Madhaviamma was the first woman to be a member of any legislature in India. Cochin was the first princely state to willingly join the new Dominion of India in 1947. India became a republic on 26 January 1950. Travancore merged with Cochin to create Travancore-Cochin , which
342-622: A Latin Christian mission . Cochin hosted the grave of Vasco da Gama , the Portuguese viceroy, who was buried at St. Francis Church until his remains were returned to Portugal in 1539. Soon after the time of Afonso de Albuquerque , Portuguese influence in Kerala declined. Portuguese alliance was followed by that of the Dutch , who had by then conquered Quilon after various encounters with
456-466: A canning industrial unit at Nadathara and it is going on very successfully. Besides all these the match stick industry , pharmaceuticals , printing etc. give Thrissur its fame as a bustling industrial centre. The first Worker's Indian Coffee House of the state was opened in Thrissur (1957). The 400 kV Electric Power Station at Madakkathara near Thanikkudam is the major electrical hub connecting
570-543: A cause for the shift of the capital. From there on Perumpadapu Swaroopam used the name Cochin Royal Family . Finally, the arrival of the Portuguese on the Indian subcontinent in the sixteenth century likely influenced Cochin politics. The kingdom of Cochin was among the first Indian nations to sign a formal treaty with a European power, negotiating trade terms with Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500. The palace at Kalvathhi
684-578: A famous and oldest temple of Irinjalakuda Irinjalakuda is governed by Irinjalakuda Municipality. The municipality was formed on 8 February 1936 with an area of 11.24 square kilometres. K.I. Varunny was the first municipal chairman and the municipality was divided into 22 electoral wards. Now, the Municipality has 41 wards. Irinjalakuda is the headquarters of the Mukundapuram Taluk and is a Grade-I municipality. Irinjalakuda Revenue Division
798-408: A fort – Fort Emmanuel (at Fort Kochi , named after the king of Portugal) – surrounding the Portuguese factory, in order to protect it from any further attacks from Calicut and on 27 September 1503 the foundations of a timber fort, the first fort erected by the Portuguese in India, were laid. The entire work of construction was commissioned by the local raja, who supplied workers and material. In 1505,
912-446: A king to retire upon reaching a certain old age or military inability, withdrawing to take up a religious life. Power was passed over to his successor, or to a regent until the successor came of age. Succession often led to quarrels among the five branches. The Zamorin of Calicut exploited these family quarrels, sometimes in the role of arbitrator, allowing him to increase his influence in the southern kingdom. The future city of Cochin
1026-438: A population of 28,741. With the amalgamation of Porathissery Panchayath with the municipality, the total population has crossed 50,000. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Irinjalakuda has an average literacy rate of 96% which is much higher than the national average of 74.65%. While male literacy stands at 97.12%, female literacy is 94.56%. 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Its St. Thomas Cathedral
1140-744: A section among the Hindus of the district. Guruvayur Temple is a Hindu shrine dedicated to the Lord Guruvayurappan , located in the town of Guruvayur in Kerala , India . It is one of the most important pilgrim centres for Hindus in South India . The Catholics ( Syro Malabar Church and Latin ), Orthodox and Chaldeans are the main sections of the Christian Community in the district. Catholics constitute 90% of
1254-513: A vestige of former power lies in his being the chief trustee of the temple. The Devaswom was allotted land to accommodate institutions such as the Christ College , and for public use to facilitate development activities in the region. Much land that belonged to Koodalmanikyam was subjected to encroachment. The following text is a translation of the scholarly work titled 'Koodalmanikyam Temple and Kerala Society': The Iringalakuda temple
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#17327908946731368-425: Is Malayalam . Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur City. Thrissur is known as the cultural capital of Kerala, and the land of Poorams . The district is known for its ancient temples , churches , and mosques . Thrissur Pooram is the most colourful temple festival in Kerala. The term 'Thrissur' is the shortened form of the word 'Thrissivaperur' which means "the town in
1482-525: Is Siva and the other is Maha Vishnu. Both have same the importance. But Siva is the main Idol. Because of this the temple listed in the 108 Siva temples list. The temple faces to the eastern side and has very good Sreekovil. Kodungallur , the capital of the erstwhile Chera Empire , is a region of great archeological and historical significance. The Bhagavathi Temple here attracts thousands of devotees from all over Kerala. The Cheraman Juma Masjid, believed to be
1596-543: Is a memorable episode in the history of the national movement. Source: Official Statistics 2007 According to the 2018 Statistics Report , Thrissur district has a population of 3,243,170, roughly equal to the nation of Mongolia or the US state of Iowa . The 2011 Census of India gives it a ranking of 113th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 1,026 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,660/sq mi). Its population growth rate over
1710-511: Is about 8 km east of the town at Kallettumkara . Irinjalakuda Railway Station is managed by the Southern Railway of Indian Railways . A total of 39 trains, including superfast, express and passenger trains, have stoppage here. Thrissur railway station is the nearest major railhead with stop for all trains, which is just 22 km from Irinjalakuda. Irinjalakuda Sorting (Railway Mail Services) also functions at Kallettumkara in
1824-581: Is another cultural space in the town where artists and movie makers gather for workshops and movie shoots. There are a number of good cinema halls in the town. JK Cinemas with two screens (Located in Kizhuthani), Chembakassery Movies with three screens, MAS Movies with two screens and Varna Cinemas with a single screen (Mapranam) are the major theatres in the town. Besides this, the town often hosts various cultural programmes organised by socio-cultural organisations. As of 2011 India census , Irinjalakuda had
1938-616: Is centuries old, regardless of the oral stories. The stone inscriptions found inside the temple are proof of this. The inscriptions on two stones lying on the north side of the temple shrine were noticed by the authorities and in nineteen forties they were placed on the western wall of the temple and preserved. The Malayalam script text of these documents was published in the Bulletin of the Ramavarma Institute Volume IX Part 1 and became an authoritative proof of
2052-524: Is home to three cashew processing factories, located at Pullur, Muriyad, and Aloor. The town and its neighbouring areas also host a number of bellmetal manufacturing units. Thrissur district Thrissur ( Malayalam: [t̪riʃ(ː)uːr] ), anglicised as Trichur , is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala . It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km (1,171 sq mi),
2166-721: Is mentioned in the Skanda Purana. The Arms of the Kaimal and that of the temple bear the insignia of a coiled conch shell with the words 'Manikkam Keralar'. With the 26th amendment of the Indian constitution in 1971, the Princely order in India was abolished and the Thachudaya Kaimals lost their position in the temple and its estates. It is now managed by a Trust managed by the District Collector although
2280-804: Is mentioned that women were not allowed to enter the Koodalmanikyam temple. There are those who read in connection with this remark the fact that women are not admitted in Jain temples. Thachudayakaimal, the last ruler of the temple, has refuted this claim. Place name scholars say that the word Iringa in Iringalakuda refers to the Jain center. Also, V.V.K. said that the two-storied Jain temples are referred to as 'koodam'. Historians such as Wallat point out this. In 1762, Maharaja Kingdom of Cochin formed Mukundapuram taluk by adding Mapranam nadu and parts of Nandilathu nadu to Mukundapuram nadu (Muriyanadu). In
2394-713: Is no river in Irinjalakuda, only the myth of the river. Irinjalakuda can be derived from 'iru njyaala koda' (ഇരുഞാലകൊട) i.e., donation of two worlds, which is what Mahabali is said to have done in the story of the Vaamanaavataaram. According to Hindu mythology, Irinjalakuda was created by sage Parashurama . According to Keralolpatthi, Irinjalakuda was the head of some of the 64 gramas (village governing bodies) established in Kerala . (32 Malayala gramas and Thulu half-grama Manjeswaram in present-day Kerala, and 31 1/2 Thulu gramas in coastal Karnataka.) Irinjalakuda
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#17327908946732508-693: Is the National Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (NIPMR) at Kallettumakara. Between the 14th and 16th Century, it was a center of learning. Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics which was believed to be founded here, made major contributions in Algebra, Arithmetic, Astronomy, Calculus, Geometry, Infinite Series, and Linguistics. St. Joseph’s College, Irinjalakuda is the only institution in Kerala offering government aided B.Sc. Biotechnology course. Colleges STATE CBSE ICSE Language institute Irinjalakuda has been
2622-822: Is the Thrissur MP and Benny Behanan is the Chalakudy MP. Thrissur municipal corporation is the only municipal corporation in the district. For administrative purposes, the district of Thrissur is divided into two Revenue Divisions and seven taluks . These seven taluk centres are administrative hubs for 255 villages in Thrissur. The first newspaper which published from Thrissur was Lokamanyan in 1920. Then came Deenabandhu in 1941 and General (newspaper) in 1976. Major Malayalam newspapers published in Thrissur include '' Malayala Manorama , Mathrubhumi , Deshabhimani , Deepika , Kerala Kaumudi and Madhyamam . A number of evening papers are also published from
2736-693: Is the episcopal see of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Irinjalakuda (Chaldean = Syro-Oriental Rite ). Before the arrival of Tipu Sulthan to Mukundapuram Taluk in December 1789 the headquarters of Padruado Archbishops of Cranganore (Kodungallur) of Nazranis (Padruado faction of Syro Malabar Catholic Church ) was at Pookkatt (Aripalam). (See Varthamanapusthakam of Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar , Gobernador and ArchaDeacon of late eighteenth century). Sakthan Thampuran brought four Christian families for improving commerce and trade to
2850-405: Is under construction near the civil station to house all judicial offices in the town. Irinjalakuda has a special sub jail, which is functioning near the civil station complex. A land tribunal to provide land deeds and to dispose of land transfer disputes is functioning at the civil station. The tribunal started functioning in 2019. The chairperson of the municipality is Smt Sonia Giri. The MLA of
2964-413: Is widely known as the "Indian Niagara" nowadays. This is the only district in Kerala with the presence of both Periyar and Bharathappuzha, though they flow only a small distance through the district. The district has a tropical humid climate with an oppressive hot season and plentiful and seasonal rainfall. Annual rainfall is about 3,000 mm (120 in). The hot season from March to May is followed by
3078-623: The Age of Discovery , thus opening a direct sea route from Europe to India. Cochin was the scene of the first European settlement in India. In the year 1500, the Portuguese Admiral Pedro Álvares Cabral landed at Cochin after being repelled from Calicut . The Raja of Cochin welcomed the Portuguese and a treaty of friendship was signed. The raja allowed them to build a factory at Cochin (and upon Cabral's departure Cochin allowed thirty Portuguese and four Franciscan friars to stay in
3192-549: The Cheras of the Sangam age, who ruled over vast portions of Kerala with their capital at Vanchi . The whole of the present Thrissur District was included in the early Chera Empire. The District can claim to have played a part in fostering the trade relations between Kerala and the outside world in the ancient and medieval period. Kodungalloor , which had the distinction of being the "Premium Emporium of India", gave shelter to all
3306-724: The Ernakulam district which are now the part of Kerala . There is no extant written evidence about the emergence of the kingdom of Cochin or of the Cochin royal family, also known as Perumpadapu Swaroopam. All that is recorded are folk tales and stories, and a somewhat blurred historical picture about the origins of the ruling dynasty. The surviving manuscripts, such as Keralolpathi , Keralamahatmyam , and Perumpadapu Grandavari , are collections of myths and legends that are less than reliable as conventional historical sources. The Perumpadapu Grandavari contains an additional account of
3420-605: The KSEB electrical power system to the national electrical grid. The station serves more than 30% of the state's electrical energy requirements and acts as the principal feed to the northern half of Kerala. Avinissery , a census town at south of Thrissur city is an important centre of Khadi and Village Industries. Mayannur Kingdom of Cochin The Kingdom of Cochin or the Cochin State , named after its capital in
3534-762: The Kerala Lalitakala Academy and the Kerala Sangeeta Nataka Academy . The town is built around a hillock, crowned by the Vadakkumnathan (Siva) Temple. The temple is a classical example of Kerala style of architecture and houses several sacred shrines. Thrissur also has added to its name The Church of Our Lady of Dolors , popularly known as the New Church (Puthen Palli). It is the third tallest church in Asia and
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3648-900: The Luso-Dutch War , the Dutch East India Company (1663–1795) was an ally of Cochin. That was followed by the British East India Company (1795–1858, confirmed on 6 May 1809) after the Anglo-Dutch War , with British paramountcy over the Cochin state. The kingdom of Travancore merged with the kingdom of Cochin to form the state of Travancore-Cochin in 1950. The five Tamil -majority taluks of Vilavancode , Kalkulam , Thovalai , Agastheeswaram , and Sengottai were transferred from Travancore-Cochin to Madras State in 1956. The Malayalam -speaking regions of Travancore-Cochin merged with
3762-780: The Malabar District (excluding Laccadive and Minicoy Islands) and the Kasaragod taluk of South Canara district in Madras State to form the modern Malayalam -state of Kerala on 1 November 1956, according to the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 of the Government of India . The kingdom of Cochin, originally known as Perumpadappu Swarupam, was under the rule of the Later Cheras in
3876-730: The Middle Ages . After the fall of the Mahodayapuram Cheras in the 12th century, along with numerous other provinces Perumpadappu Swarupam became a free political entity. However, it was only after the arrival of Portuguese on the Malabar Coast that the Perumpadappu Swarupam acquires any political importance. Perumpadappu rulers had family relationships with the Nambudiri rulers of Edappally . After
3990-675: The Tanur forces under the king fought for the Zamorin of Calicut in the Battle of Cochin (1504) . However, the allegiance of the Muslim Mappila merchants in Tanur region stayed with the Zamorin of Calicut . The raja of Cochin continued to rule with the help of the Portuguese. Meanwhile, the Portuguese secretly tried to enter into an alliance with the Zamorin. A few later attempts by
4104-566: The UNESCO -recognised classical dance form Koodiyattam . Natanakairali - Research Training and Performing Centre for Traditional Arts, Irinjalakuda, is a prominent institution that imparts training on this ancient art form. Government-aided Unnayi Warrier Smaraka Kalanilayam near Koodalmanikyam temple trains artists in Kathakali. The town also has other institutions that give training on classical dance forms and theatre arts. Walden Pond House
4218-575: The Zamorin of Calicut was unable to invade Cochin and a military conflict was averted. The cessation of the Ming treasure voyages consequently had negative results for Cochin, as the Zamorin of Calicut later launched an invasion against Cochin. In the late 15th century, the Zamorin occupied Cochin and installed his representative as the king. The conflict between the upstart king of Cochin and his relatives of Perumpadappu branches (eager to recover their role) and Edapalli (eager to recover its land), drew in
4332-609: The twelve apostles of Jesus Christ . It is the first church in India, and Saint Thomas performed the first baptism in India here. It is part of the Ēḻarappaḷḷikaḷ (seven major churches) that he established in India. The original small church structure has been retained at the original site. Muslims live predominantly in the coastal belt of the district, from north Punnayoorkkulam to South Azhikode. They are dominant in Guruvayur and Chavakkad , in good in numbers Kodungalloor , Kaipamangalam and Nattika areas. Sunnis are
4446-562: The "kingdom of Cochin", and the capital of the kingdom shifted from Kodungallur to Vypin in present-day Kochi. During the new kingdom, rules were changed to confine succession within the Elaya branch of Cochin, rather across all branches of Perumpadappu (much to the chagrin of the branches). The port at Kozhikode , also known as Calicut, held superior economic and political position on the medieval Kerala coast, while Kannur , Kollam , and Kochi, were commercially important secondary ports, where
4560-700: The 10th century AD. There is also a belief that this temple was a Jain center before it became a Brahminical temple. One of the major temples nearby, Trikanamatilakam, was a Jain center. Some suggest that the Koodalmanikya is an idol of the Jain Tirthankara Bharateshvara in the Digabara form. They believe that the temple became a Brahminical center as part of the Hindu revival in the 8th century. In Manipravala's work 'Kokilasandesa', it
4674-789: The 12th century. Maritime contacts Sangam period Tamilakam Cheras Spice trade Ays Ezhil Malai Confluence of religions Mamankam festival Calicut Venad - Kingdom of Quilon Valluvanad Kolattunadu Cochin Arakkal kingdom Minor principalities Age of Discovery Portuguese period Dutch period Rise of Travancore Mysorean invasion British Period Battle of Tirurangadi Malabar District North Malabar South Malabar Battle of Quilon Communism in Kerala Lakshadweep Economy Architecture The original headquarters of
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4788-497: The Bhaskaranambiranar record, dates back to the 10th century. It is believed to have been written between 950 and 1000 AD. There are nineteen lines in this inscription. It can be assumed that the letters have not faded much compared to the first inscription. In this inscription, the deity of Kudalmanikya is described as 'Thiruvirungadi Kudal Thiruvadi'. Two similar words irangadi(kkuta) and irangadikudal are found in both
4902-592: The Christian population of the district. Kunnamkulam , a town in the northern part of the district is the center for the Orthodox, Malabar Independent Syrian Church (Thozhiyoor church), Pentecostals and Marthomites . A notable church in the area is St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayur . According to Saint Thomas christian tradition, the Palayur church was established in 52 AD by Saint Thomas , one of
5016-765: The Irinjalakuda legislative constituency is Dr. R. Bindu . Irinjalakuda assembly constituency was a part of Mukundapuram (Lok Sabha constituency) till 2009 Lonappan Nambadan was the last Loksabha MP of Mukundapuram. From 2009, Irinjalakuda is now a part of Thrissur (Lok Sabha constituency) . The MP of Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency is Suresh Gopi . Important government offices Besides, most nationalised banks, new generation private banks, and old private-sector banks have branches in Irininjalakuda. Both South Indian Bank and Federal Bank have their regional offices here. Police offices Thrissur Rural Police office started functioning at Irinjalakuda on 14 May 2023. It
5130-550: The Kottayam army. After taking Calicut in a bloody battle, Ali, with a large amount of money, marched south-east towards Coimbatore through Palghat . Mysore appointed Raja as military governor and Madonna (a former revenue officer) as civil governor of the newly acquired province of Malabar. In 1814, according to the Anglo-Dutch Treaty , the islands of Kochi, including Fort Kochi and its territory, were ceded to
5244-488: The Perumpadappu dynasty maintained a kingdom over a vast area in central Kerala (still formally referred to as "Perumpadappu Swaroopam"). Their state stretched from Pukkaitha in the north, Aanamala in the east, to Purakkad in the south. The Perumpadappu dynasty eventually produced five branches (Mutts, Elaya, Pallurutti, Madattumkil and Chaliyur), each with its own family seat, retainers and military of Nairs . But
5358-646: The Portuguese and their allies. Discontented members of the Cochin Royal family called on the assistance of the Dutch for help in overthrowing the Cochin Raja. The Dutch successfully landed at Njarakal and went on to capture the fort at Pallippuram, which they handed over to the Zamorin. Mysorian ruler Hyder Ali conquered Cochin. After his conquest of Bednur reached Ali Rajah of Cannanore in 1763, he promptly asked Ali to invade Kerala and help him deal with
5472-515: The Portuguese factory. The raja of Cochin and his Portuguese allies were forced to withdraw to Vypin Island. However, the arrival of a small reinforcement Portuguese fleet and, some days later of Duarte Pacheco Pereira and the oncoming monsoons alarmed the Zamorin. Calicut recalled the army and abandoned the siege. After securing the throne for the Raja of Cochin, the Portuguese got permission to build
5586-763: The South West Monsoon season from June to September. The period from December to February is the North East Monsoon season. However the rain stops by the end of December and the rest of the period is generally dry. Thrissur is known as cultural capital of Kerala .The district is known for the Thrissur Pooram . An ancient cultural center, Thrissur houses the Kerala Kalamandalam , the Kerala Sahitya Academy ,
5700-473: The Thrissur Taluk was for long under the domination of the Yogiatiripppads, the ecclesiastical heads of the Vadakkunnathan and Perumanam Devaswoms. The wave of nationalism and political consciousness which swept through the country since the early decades of this century has its repercussions in the District as well. Thrissur District has been in the forefront of the country-wide movement for temple entry and abolition of untouchability. The Guruvayur Satyagraha
5814-414: The United Kingdom in exchange for the island of Banca . Even prior to the signing of the treaty, there is evidence of English residents in Kochi. During the British Raj , the Princely State of Cochin was surrounded by British Malabar District to three sides (i.e., To north, west, and east), and by Travancore to the south. Towards the early 20th century, trade at the port had increased substantially and
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#17327908946735928-480: The Zamorin of Calicut. The Muslim chieftain of Cannanore, an old rival of the neighbouring powerful Kolathiri , was an active ally of Mysore under the occupation. Ali Raja seized and set fire to the palace of Kolathiri Raja. The latter escaped with his followers to the then-British settlement at Tellicherry. After the victory, Ali entered the kingdom of Kottayam in present-day North Malabar and occupied it, with assistance from native Muslims, after some resistance by
6042-470: The Zamorin to conquer the Cochin port were thwarted by the raja of Cochin with the help of the Portuguese. Slowly, the Portuguese armoury at Cochin was increased, presumably to help the king protect Cochin. And for a long a time, right after Goa, Cochin situated in the center of East Indies, was the best place Portugal had in India. From there the Portuguese exported large volumes of spices, particularly pepper. In 1530, Saint Francis Xavier arrived and founded
6156-539: The Zamorin's campaigns. This was roughly the situation when the Portuguese arrived in 1500. The kingdom of Cochin was half-in-vassalage, half-at-war with the Zamorin of Calicut. The king of Cochin, Unni Goda Varda (referred to as "Trimumpara Raja" in Portuguese chronicles) was grating at the settlement. He perceived an alliance with Portuguese arms as way to overthrow the Zamorin's power, recover Cochin's independence and impose his ascendancy over his relatives. The Portuguese arrived at Kappad , Kozhikode in 1498 during
6270-486: The border of Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary of Palakkad. The Periyar , the Chalakudy , the Karuvannur , the Kurumali River (main tributary of the Karuvannur River) and the Ponnani ( Bharatha Puzha ) are the main river systems in the district. They take their origin from the mountains on the east, and flow westward and discharge into the Arabian Sea . There are a number of tributaries also joining these main rivers. There are waterfalls such as Athirappilly Falls which
6384-450: The city of Kochi (Cochin) , was a kingdom in the central part of present-day Kerala state . It originated in the early part of the 12th century and continued to rule until its accession to the Dominion of India in 1949. Historically, the capital of Cochin was in Kodungallur (Cranganore) , but in 1341, the capital was moved to Cochin to remedy a disastrous flood. By the early 15th century, Cochin lost its ability to fully defend itself. By
6498-520: The city. Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi, Kannada , Tamil and Telugu are also sold in large numbers. Thrissur is known for the power loom industry and the Textile Mills like the Alagappa Textiles in Alagappa Nagar , Kerala Lakshmi Mills at Pullazhi , Rajgopal Textiles at Athani , Sitaram Spinning and Weaving Mills Thrissur, Vanaja Textiles at Kurichikkara (now defunct), Bhagavathy Spinning Mills at Thanikkudam and Kunnath Textiles at Thrissur. Thrissur are engaged in
6612-429: The decade 2001–2011 was 4.58%. Thrissur has a sex ratio of 1107 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 95.32%. 67.17% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 10.39% and 0.30% of the population respectively. Thrissur was also the second highest urbanized district in Kerala after Ernakulam . Malayalam is the predominant language, spoken by 98.91% of
6726-417: The district and towns in neighbouring districts. For those travelling from southern parts of the state, Chalakudy is the major roadhead to proceed towards Irinjalakuda. Private buses frequently ply between Chalakudy and Irinjalakuda. For travellers from northern Kerala, buses are available from Thrissur Shakthan Thampuran private bus stand. The nearest railway station is the Irinjalakuda Railway Station which
6840-451: The district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population. Thrissur district is bordered by the districts of Palakkad and Malappuram to the north, the districts of Ernakulam and Idukki to the south and Coimbatore to the east. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and Western Ghats stretches towards the east. It is part of the historical Malabar Coast , which has been trading internationally since ancient times. The main language spoken
6954-415: The district, St.Joseph's Shrine is situated at Pavaratty. There is a legend which tells Saint Thomas (Apostle) was landed in kodungallur , Muziris in 52 AD. The Saint Thomas Church established by him houses many ancient relics. Puthenchira in Thrissur is the birth place of the Catholic Saint Mariam Thresia . According to myth, Malik Bin Deenar and 20 others who were the followers Muhammad ,
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#17327908946737068-409: The dynastic origins: The last Thavazhi of Perumpadapu Swaroopam came into existence on the Kaliyuga day shodashangamsurajyam . Cheraman Perumal divided the land in half, 17 "amsa" north of Neelaeswaram and 17 amsa south, totaling 34 amsa, and gave his powers to his nephews and sons. Thirty-four kingdoms between Kanyakumari and Gokarna (now in Karnataka ) were given to the "thampuran" who
7182-413: The east by small parts of Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu , on the south by Ernakulam district, and on the west by the Arabian Sea (54 km (34 mi)). Descending from the heights of the Western Ghats in the east, the land slopes towards the west forming three distinct natural divisions – the highlands, the plains and the sea board. Karimala Gopuram is the highest point in Trissur situated in
7296-468: The end of the 14th century the Zamorin conquered Thrikkanamathilakam and it became a threat for Mahodayapuram ( Thiruvanchikulam ), which may be the reason that Perumpadapu Swaroopam changed their capital to Cochin from Mahodayapuram. Moreover, in the year 1341 a flood created an island, Puthuvippu ( Vypin ), and Cochin became a noted natural harbour for the Indian Ocean trade. The old Kodungallore ( Cranganore ) port lost its importance, which may also be
7410-402: The fifth Ming treasure voyage , Admiral Zheng He was instructed to confer a seal upon Keyili of Cochin and designate a mountain in his kingdom as the Zhenguo Zhi Shan (鎮國之山, Mountain Which Protects the Country). Zheng He delivered a stone tablet, inscribed with a proclamation composed by the Yongle Emperor himself, to Cochin. As long as Cochin remained under the protection of Ming China,
7524-442: The five branches ( tavali ) came together under a common ruling king ( raja ), which was the oldest male member of all five branches together. The Perumpadappu (and future Cochin) royal dynasty followed matriarchal rules of succession common in Kerala (similar to Travancore ). Succession went via the female line – that is, not to the king's sons, but to his uterine brothers and then to his sisters' sons (i.e. nephews). In theory,
7638-450: The founder of Islam , first landed in Kodungallur in Thrissur district when they came to India. Islam received royal patronage in some places here, and later spread to other parts of India. He built the mosque Cheraman Juma Masjid which makes it the first mosque in India. Guruvayur , home to the Sree Krishna Temple, is 25 km (16 mi) to the north of the city. It is a sacred place not only for Keralites but for Hindus all over
7752-463: The help of Pacheco Pereira and his men. The ruler of the kingdom of Tanur , who was a vassal to the Zamorin of Calicut , sided with the Portuguese against his overlord at Kozhikode . As a result, the kingdom of Tanur ( Vettathunadu ) became one of the earliest Portuguese colonies in India. The ruler of Tanur also sided with Cochin. Many of the members of the royal family of Cochin in 16th and 17th centuries were selected from Vettom . However,
7866-552: The home of many notable people, including Irinjalakuda is a centre of agro industries. The town is home to Kerala Solvent Extractions Limited (KSE Limited), which is a prominent cattlefeed manufacturing company in south India. State-owned cattlefeed manufacturing company Kerala Feeds Limited is located at Kallettumkara, around 2 km away from Irinjalakuda railway station and 9 km away from Irinjalakuda town. Irinjalakuda has several coconut oil manufacturing companies, including KLF and KPL oil mills. The neighbourhood of Irinjalakuda
7980-405: The inscriptions respectively. It is only that the epithet Thiru has been added in the second inscription. It is clear from this that the name Iringalakuda came from this old place name and the deity here was described as 'Thiruviringadikudal Thiruvadi' as early as the 10th century. There are those who argue that it can be understood from this record that it had already become a Brahminical temple in
8094-419: The interference of the Zamorin of Calicut , who attacked Cochin in the name of justice for the relatives. The Zamorin's armies were eventually successful and imposed a settlement, which confined the king of Cochin to his domains, and extracted an oath of vassalage to Calicut. The kingdom of Cochin was required to obtain the Zamorin's consent during succession, and obliged to provide annual tribute and troops to
8208-450: The king wanted to develop the port even further. The king brought a harbour engineer Robert Bristow to Cochin in 1920, with the help of Lord Willingdon , then Governor of Madras . Over a span of 21 years he helped the king of Cochin to transform Cochin into the safest harbour in south Asia, where ships berthed alongside the newly reclaimed inner harbour, which was equipped with a long array of steam cranes. Meanwhile, Fort Cochin , which
8322-498: The kingdom was at Perumpadappu near Ponnani in present-day Malappuram district . The ruler of Perumpadappu (near Ponnani ) fled to Kodungallur in the early medieval period, when the Zamorin of Calicut annexed Ponnani region, after Tirunavaya war. Calicut ( Porlathiri kingdom) was conquered by Zamorin of Eranad , who then conquered parts of Perumpadappu kingdom, and tried to assert his suzerainty over it. Although losing their northern homeland and original capital,
8436-532: The kingdom). Assured by the offer of support, the raja declared war on his enemy, the Zamorins of Calicut. In 1502, a new expedition under the command of Vasco da Gama arrived at Cochin, and the friendship was renewed. Vasco da Gama later bombarded Calicut and destroyed the Arab factories there. This enraged the Zamorin, the ruler of Calicut, and he attacked Cochin after the departure of Vasco da Gama and destroyed
8550-657: The last decade of the 18th Century, the last Naduvazhi Nambiar of Mukundapuram nadu (Murija nadu) died and Sakthan Thampuran confiscated all the powers and properties of Mukundapuram Nambiar and Mapranam Nambiar. Sakthan Thampuran divided old Mukundapuram Taluk into six properties: 1) Thazhekkad 2) Areepalam, 3) Mukundapuram (Nadavarambu) 4) Mapranam 5) Palathungal (Nandikkara) 6) Puthukkad for administrative and revenue purposes. Five more properties were added to Mukundapuram Taluk afterward: Kodassery ( Chalakudy ), Thirumukkulam ( Kuzhur ), Koratty (Adur), Pathinettarayalam ( Edavilangu ). and Malayattoor . Tipu Sultan 's Army
8664-418: The late 15th century, the kingdom had shrunk to its minimal extent as a result of invasions by the Zamorin of Calicut . When Portuguese armadas arrived in India, the kingdom of Cochin had lost its vassals to the Zamorins , including Edapalli and Cranganore, the later of which had even been at the centre of the kingdom historically. Cochin was looking for an opportunity to preserve its independence, which
8778-664: The major section in Muslim community. The first mosque in India is claimed to be Cheraman Juma Mosque in Kodungallur . Legend claims that it was built in 629 CE, which makes it the oldest mosque in the Indian subcontinent which is still in use. It was built by Malik Deenar , Persian tābiʿūn of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, on the orders of the successor of Cheraman Perumal , the Chera King of modern-day Kerala. The mosque
8892-599: The manufacture of hosiery products. The coir and the tile industry offer employment for many people in the district. The first saw mill in the state was erected at Trichur (1905). Most of the timber is brought down from the forests to Thrissur and Chalakkudy , which are the most important timber marts in the District. Canning is a developing industry in Thrissur and Darlco Cannings and Kayee Plantations Cannings ; both have major units at Thrissur. The Thrissur Fruits and Vegetables Marketing Society are establishing
9006-459: The much larger Perumpadappu state. The growing wealth of Cochin gave the junior prince in Cochin power and ascendancy, eventually enabling him to assert himself as king over senior relatives from other branches of the Perumpadappu dynasty, as well as allowing him to detach Cochin from Edapalli, and chart his own separate course. As a result of this transition, the large "kingdom of Perumpadappu" ( Perumpadappu Swaroopam ) came to be referred to as
9120-410: The name of Lord Siva". The town is built on an elevated ground, at the apex of which is the famous Vadakkumnatha Temple. A place of great antiquity, Thrissur was also known as Vrishabhadripuram and 'Ten Kailasam' in classical Sanskrit texts. From ancient times, Thrissur District has played a part in the political history of Kerala. The early political history of the District is interlinked with that of
9234-499: The new break at Cochin, and merchant families began to relocate and set up warehouses and eventually homes there. The once-great old port city of Kodungallur (Cranganore) declined as the new port-city of Kochi (Cochin) rose in wealth and importance. The urban center of the early city developed on relatively high ground in the village of Mattancherry (now a district in Kochi city, once called " Cochim de Cima "). The original owners of
9348-422: The ninth century of Common Era (CE). The name Irinjalakuda has been derived from "Iru" and "Chaal", meaning two streams. According to another legend, the origin of the name Irinjalakuda came from 'Irinjalikoodal'. 'Koodal' simply means merge, merging of two rivers. So it shows that Irinjalakuda may have gradually developed, from 'Irinjalikoodal', which derived from 'Inangikoodal', which means merge. At present there
9462-490: The oldest Mosque in India is situated here. Irinjalakkuda , where the only Bharatha Temple in India is located, is another place of importance. The Unnayi Warrier Smaraka Kalanilayam which is located near the Koodalmanickyam Temple is an important center of Kathakali Learning. Since ancient times Thrissur has been the most important center of Vedic Learning in Kerala. Yagas are still conducted in her soil with
9576-483: The origin of the name Irinjalakuda were traditionally associated as "Irunnu Salayil Koodai" and "Virinja Alu Kuda". A huge Banyan tree still stands in the centre of the Irinjalakuda, spreading its branches to the sky like an umbrella. The Thachudaya Kaimal is a spiritual dignitary of Kerala Hindus and the temporal ruler of the Koodalmanikyam Temple and its Estates. The line goes back into antiquity and
9690-414: The place known as ‘Chanthappura’. When they struck gold in this field, more of this community migrated from Kombara chantha and settled in the area and now it became one of the strongholds of this community. Besides Hindu and Christian communities this area consists of Muslims . Karukulangara Narasimhaswamy Temple, Irinjalakuda, north west side, about 1.5 km from the Irinjalakuda municipal bus stand,
9804-421: The population as of 2011. Hinduism is the majority religion in Thrissur, with 58.4% of the population. Christians and Muslims form significant minority. The Hindu community consists of mainly Nairs , Thiyyas , Ambalavasis , Brahmins (including the local Namboodiris and migrants like Iyers and Gouda Saraswat Brahmins ) etc. The Scheduled Castes, around 12% of the population of the district, also form
9918-980: The premises of post office. There are daily trains available from Irinjalakuda to Chennai, Bengaluru, Mangaluru, Tiruchirapalli, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trivandrum, Kozhikode, Vijayawada, Nagpur, Pune, Tirupati/Renigunta, Warangal and Salem. The nearest airport is the Cochin International Airport at Nedumbassery , which is 38 km away. The airport is well connected to all major airports in India and also connected to many foreign cities. Direct flights are available to Chennai , New Delhi , Mumbai , Bangalore , and Kolkata . Irinjalakuda has several hospitals and health clinics. Most important among them are Government General Hospital (Tana), Irinjalakuda Cooperative Hospital (Nadavaramba), Lal Memorial Hospital (Mapranam), Sacred Heart Mission Hospital (Pullur), Government Ayurveda Hospital (AKP Junction) and Marina Hospital (Tana). Another prominent healthcare facility
10032-733: The same fervour as they used to be. The only centre of traditional Vedic Learning left in Kerala is situated at the heart of Thrissur Town. The district is divided into two Revenue Sub Divisions; Thrissur and Irinjalakuda and is headed by Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) Thrissur District has four types of administrative hierarchies: There are 13 constituencies from the district of Thrissur : Thrissur Assembly Constituency , Ollur Assembly Constituency , Guruvayoor , Chalakkudy , Kaipamangalam , Nattika , Kodungallur , Irinjalakuda , Puthukad, Manaloor , Kunnamkulam , Wadakkancheri and Chelakkara . There are two parliament constituencies: Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency and Chalakudy. Suresh Gopi
10146-416: The stone fortress replaced the wooden fort. Later, for a better defence of the town, a fort called "Castelo de Cima" was built on Vypeen Island. At the departure of the Portuguese fleet, only Duarte Pacheco Pereira and a small fleet were left in Cochin. Meanwhile, the Zamorin of Calicut formed a massive force and attacked them. For five months, Cochin kingdom was able to drive back Calicut's assaults , with
10260-402: The successor should be the next oldest in age among potential candidates. This was later relaxed, and in practice kingship became elective, to ensure the successor was not too old or incompetent. The overlooked true elder was compensated with symbolic or ceremonial dignities (notably the religiously significant title Muppustanam ). Retirement was also forced – it was customary and expected for
10374-783: The tallest in India . The first two churches of India are also situated in Thrissur, the St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayoor and the Marthoma Pontifical Shrine, Kodungallur . The Metropolitan of the Chaldean Syrian Church (the name used for the Church of the East in India ) is also headquartered in Thrissur, and many religious publications are printed by Mar Narsai Press. The largest Christian pilgrim center in
10488-422: The temple's antiquity. Today there are two inscriptions on the walls of the temple namely Sthanuravi Inscription and Bhaskaranambiranar Inscription. The Sthanuravi inscription was written in the 11th regnal year of Cheraman Perumal. It is estimated to be common year 854. This inscription consists of twelve lines. Many of the letters have faded away as people have stepped on them for a long time The second record,
10602-687: The territory of what later became Cochin city was the Ellangallur royal family of the Rajas of Edapalli ( Repelim ) (on the east side of the lagoon). Drawn from the Brahmin class, the Edapalli royal family followed different rules of succession. In the early 1400s, the king of Edapalli had married a sister of the Elaya branch of Perumpadappu, and so their son was doubly royal heir to two houses – via father to Edapalli, via mother to Perumpadappu . But he
10716-627: The three communities which have contributed to the prosperity of Malabar . These three communities are the Christians , the Jews and the Muslims . The history of Thrissur district from the 9th to the 12th centuries is the history of Kulasekharas of Mahodayapuram and the history since the 12th century is the history of the rise and growth of Perumpadappu Swarupam . In 1790 Raja Rama Varma (1790–1805) popularly known as Saktan Tampuran ascended
10830-530: The throne of Cochin . With the accession of this ruler the English or modern period in the history of Cochin and of the District began. Saktan Tampuran was mainly responsible for the destruction of the power of the feudal Nair chieftains and increase of royal power. Another force in the public life of Trichur and its suburbs was the Namboodithiri community and Menons of royal ancestry. A large part of
10944-636: The town with villages in the interior parts of the western and eastern sides of the town. These include Irinjalakuda-Kattoor road, Irinjalakuda-Porathissery Road, Mapranam-Nandhikkara road and Mapranam Karalam road. KSRTC bus station is situated behind the Koodalmanikyam temple. KSRTC bus services are available to state capital Trivandrum, Ernakulam/Vyttila Hub, Kottayam, Kollam, Kozhikode, Palakkad, Munnar, Mananthavady, Perikkallur, Sulthan Bathery, Perinthalmanna, Pala, Mysore, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Tiruchy, Thanjavur and Velankanni. Besides, plenty of private buses are available from Irinjalakuda to various places within
11058-515: The traders from various parts of the world would gather. On the Malabar coast during the early 15th century, Calicut and Cochin were in an intense rivalry, so the Ming dynasty of China decided to intervene by granting special status to Cochin and its ruler, known as Keyili (可亦里) to the Chinese. Calicut had been the dominant port-city in the region, but Cochin was emerging as its main rival. For
11172-763: The transfer of Kochi and Vypin from the Edappally rulers to the Perumpadappu rulers, the latter came to be known as kings of Kochi. During 1800 to 1947, the kingdom of Cochin included much of modern-day Thrissur district excluding Chavakkad taluk, a few areas of Alathur taluk and the whole of Chittur taluk of the Palakkad district and Kochi taluk (excluding Fort Kochi ), most of Kanayannur taluk (excluding Edappally ), parts of Aluva taluk ( Karukutty , Angamaly , Kalady , Chowwara , Kanjoor , Sreemoolanagaram , Malayattoor , Manjapra ), parts of Kunnathunad taluk and parts of Paravur Taluk ( Chendamangalam ) of
11286-748: The world as well. The adjacent towns of Chavakkad and Kunnamkulam are important centers of Muslims and Christians respectively. The Temple at Thriprayar is another important place of worship. This ancient temple is one of the few Temples dedicated to Lord Srirama in Kerala. Incidentally, two other temples dedicated to Lord Rama, viz., the Thiruvilwamala Temple and the Kadavallur Temple, fall in Thrissur district. Thirumangalam Temple situated at Thirumangalam desam, Engandiyur, Thrissur District. The Temple facing to Gurvayur Ernakulam National Highway. In this temple, there are two idols, one
11400-804: Was a part of Malabar District until 1956, was made a municipality on 1 November 1866, along with Kannur , Thalassery , Kozhikode , and Palakkad , according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850) of the British Indian Empire , and its first Municipal Council election with a board of 18 members was conducted in 1883. The Maharajah of Cochin initiated local administration in 1896 by forming town councils in Mattancherry and Ernakulam . In 1925,
11514-515: Was apparently not first in the line of succession to Perumpadappu. In the early 1400s, the King of Edapalli granted part of his lands, specifically southern Vypin island and northern part of Karapuram peninsula around the new break, as an appanage fief for his prince son. It was originally not supposed to be a permanent cession, but rather to serve as a training ground, to allow the heir to cultivate his governing skills. Upon succession to his father, he
11628-555: Was at risk. King Unni Goda Varma warmly welcomed Pedro Álvares Cabral on 24 December 1500 and negotiated a treaty of alliance between Portugal and the Cochin kingdom, directed against the Zamorin of Calicut. A number of forts were built in the area and controlled by the Portuguese East Indies , the most important of which was Fort Manuel . Cochin became a long-term Portuguese protectorate (1503–1663) providing assistance against native and foreign powers in India. After
11742-526: Was based at Thazhekkad Property of Mukundapuram Taluk on 24 December 1789 to attack the Nedumkotta which is situated in the middle of Kochi Kingdom and was known as Travancore lines and attacked KonurKottavathil in January 1790. When new Chalakudy taluk was formed in 2013 by bifurcating Mukundapuram taluk, it lost more than 50% of its territory. Irinjalakuda has a rich cultural history associated with
11856-442: Was constructed in Kerala style with hanging lamps. Thrissur is situated in southwestern India ( 10°31′N 76°13′E / 10.52°N 76.21°E / 10.52; 76.21 ) and is in the central part of Kerala . Thrissur is at sea level and spans an area of about 3,032 km (1,171 sq mi). It is bounded on the north by small parts of Malappuram district, on the east and north by Palakkad district, on
11970-403: Was expected to move across the lagoon to Edapalli, and cede Cochin as a seat to the next heir. As the ruler was always a prince in training, he was addressed as " Kocchu Thampuran " (meaning 'junior lord' or 'junior king'), thus the fief became known as "Kochi/Cochin" after him. So the original "kingdom of Cochin" ( Kochi rajyam ) started off as a small Edapalli offshoot, distinct and separate from
12084-639: Was formed in May 2018. It is headed by a Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO). The office is situated in the Mini Civil Station Annexe building. The revenue division comprises Mukundapuram, Chalakudy and Kodungallur taluks. As the second-most important administrative town in the district, Irinjalakuda houses a large number of government offices, most of them situated at the mini civil station and its annex buildings near Porathissery. Irinjalakuda Courts & Judicial Offices A new judicial complex
12198-467: Was in turn unified with the Malabar district of Madras Presidency . Kasaragod was merged into it and Kanyakumari was removed from it. On 1 November 1956, the Indian state of Kerala was formed. For administrative purposes, Cochin was divided into seven taluks.(from 1860 to 1905 AD) Chittur, Cochin, Cranganore, Kanayannur, Mukundapuram, Trichur and Talapilly. The capital of Perumpadapu Swaroopam
12312-502: Was inaugurated by Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan. Irinjalakuda is located on State Highway 22 , which links to major national highways NH 544 , which is located around 16km from the town, and NH 66 , which is located around 9km away, in the State. Two major roads State Highway 22 ( Kodungallur - Shornur ) and State Highway 61 (Potta-Moonupeedika) criss-crosses Irinjalakuda town. Besides, several MDRs (Major District Roads) connect
12426-732: Was located at Chitrakooda in the Perumpadapu village of Vanneri from the beginning of the 12th century to the end of the 13th century. Even though the capital of Perumpadapu Swaroopam was in Vanneri, the Perumpadapu king had a palace in Mahodayapuram. When the Zamorins attacked Vanneri in the later part of the 13th century, Perumpadapu Swaroopam shifted their capital from Vanneri to Mahodayapuram. In 1405, Perumpadapu Swaroopam changed their capital from Mahodayapuram to Cochin . By
12540-445: Was one of the most prominent among these gramas (village societies). Boundaries of this grama extend up to Aloor in the east and Kakkathuruthi in the west and later extended to Koodapuzha in the east. Like the other gramas, this grama also followed Sankara Smruthi (a modified form of the 'Chathurvarnia' system of society with some Kerala model variations which lay upon caste system based on the 'Manusmruthi'). Another legend suggests that
12654-639: Was originally just a small village along a long embankment. Violent floods and overflows of the Periyar River in 1341 forced the opening of the outlet between the Vembanad lagoon and the Arabian Sea at the juncture where Cochin now sits, separating the long Cochinese peninsula ( karapuram ) from what is now Vypin island. As the waterways connecting Cranganore to the sea were silting up, commercial traffic began re-directing away from Cranganore to
12768-526: Was originally the residence of the kings. In 1555, though, the royal palace moved to Mattancherry , and later relocated to Thrissur . At that time Penvazithampuran (Female Thampuran) and the other Kochuthampurans (other Thampurans except the Valliathampuran (King)) stayed at a palace in Vellarapilly. In the beginning of the 18th century Thripunithura started gaining prominence. The kingdom
12882-557: Was ruled from Thrissur , Cochin and Thripunithura . Around 1755 Penvazithampuran (Female Thampuran) and the other Kochuthampurans (other Thampurans) left Vellarapalli and started to live in Thripunithura. Thus Thripunithura became the capital of the Cochin Royal Family. Veerakerala Varma, nephew of Cheraman Perumal , is the person traditionally believed to be the first Maharaja of Cochin. The written records of
12996-460: Was the daughter of the last niece of Cheraman Perumal. Keralolpathi recorded the division of his kingdom in 345 Common Era , Perumpadapu Grandavari in 385 Common Era , William Logan in 825 Common Era . There are no written records on these earlier divisions of Kerala , but according to some historians the division might have occurred during the Second Chera kingdom at the beginning of
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