17-695: The Iron Act , also called the Importation, etc. Act 1749 ( 23 Geo. 2 . c. 29), was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain , which was one of the legislative measures introduced within the system of Trade and Navigation Acts . The Act sought to increase the importation of pig and bar iron from its American colonies and to prevent the building of iron-related production facilities within these colonies, particularly in North America where these raw materials were identified. The dual purpose of
34-665: A short title ; however, some of these acts have subsequently been given a short title by acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (such as the Short Titles Act 1896 ). Before the Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793 came into force on 8 April 1793, acts passed by the Parliament of Great Britain were deemed to have come into effect on the first day of the session in which they were passed. Because of this,
51-540: A bloomery near Fredericksburg). The limitation of imported bar iron to London and the dockyards was partly repealed by the Importation Act 1757 (30 Geo. 2. c. 16), with duty-free imports to any part of Great Britain being permitted. A clause requiring bar iron to be marked was similarly repealed as unnecessary. A part of the act was also repealed by the Customs, etc. Act 1765 , (5 Geo. 3. c. 45). The whole Act
68-536: The Navigation Acts , which were designed to direct most American trade to England , and later Great Britain , and to encourage the manufacture of goods for export to the colonies in Britain . The Iron Act, if enforced, would have severely limited the emerging iron manufacturing industry (as opposed to the production of cast or bar iron) in the colonies. However, as with other trade legislation, enforcement
85-464: The list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland . The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3. c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of
102-619: The Act was to increase manufacturing capacity within Great Britain itself, and to limit potential competition from the colonies possessing the raw materials. The Act repealed the duties on pig iron and bar iron imported from British America and imported into London respectively. Bar iron might be carried coastwise or by land from there to Royal Navy dockyards, but otherwise not beyond 10 miles from London. The iron must be marked with its place of origin, with most, if not all, pig iron
119-578: The Parliament of Scotland . See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland . For acts passed from 1801 onwards, see the list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament , the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly , and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru ; see also
136-639: The Rate of Four Pounds per Centum per Annum to the several Rates of Interest therein mentioned.}} Customs, etc. Act 1765 The act 5 Geo. 3 . c. 45, sometimes called the Customs, etc. Act 1765 , the Customs Act , the Duties Act , or the American Act , was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain . This Act aimed to encourage imports to Great Britain from its American dominions, under
153-433: The fees of the customs officers in the colonies. Specifically mentioned in the preamble were "deals, planks, boards and timbers" for so that the " Royal Navy ... may be furnished with such materials at more reasonable rates, and great sums of money at present expended among foreign nations, for the purchase of such materials, may be saved." The Act goes on to enumerate the several sums payable as reward or premium directly to
170-409: The reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus "41 Geo. 3" rather than "41 Geo. III"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Acts passed by the Parliament of Great Britain did not have
187-494: The system of Trade and Navigation Acts . The Act encouraged the import of timber products; repealed the inland duty on coffee, imposed in 1758; imposed an inland duty on all coffee imported from foreign sources; altered the existing bounties and drawbacks on sugar exports; repealed part of the Iron Act , which prohibited bar iron made in the colonies from being exported from Great Britain, or carried along its coast; and regulated
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#1732764997887204-418: The years given in the list below may in fact be the year before a particular act was passed. The third session of the 10th Parliament of Great Britain , which met from 16 November 1749 until 12 April 1750. This session was also traditionally cited as 23 G. 2 . {{|National Debt (No. 1) Act 1749|note1= |public|1|20-12-1749|archived=n|An Act for reducing the several Annuities which now carry an Interest after
221-695: Was a part owner of the Fredericksville Ironworks. Spotswood owned Tubal Ironworks (a blast furnace and probably finery forge ) and the double air furnace at Massaponnax. Other prominent members of the Virginia aristocracy and House of Burgesses involved in the iron industry included John Tayloe II ( Bristol Iron Works , near Fredericksburg; Neabsco Iron Works ; and Occoquan Ironworks), Augustine Washington , George's father (Accoceek/Potomac Ironworks), and Benjamin Grimes (Grimes Recovery and
238-522: Was already marked. It also stipulated that no mill or engine for slitting or rolling iron or any plating forge to work with a tilt hammer or any furnace for making steel was to be built in the American colonies , and for what mills already existed Colonial governors were required to certify them. Pig iron had been exported from Virginia and Maryland since the 1720s, but little came from other colonies, nor did bar iron . The continuance of this
255-414: Was encouraged, as was the production and export of bar iron (which required a finery forge using a helve hammer not a trip hammer ). Conversely, the Act was designed to restrict the colonial manufacture of finished iron products and steel. Existing works could continue in operation, but no expansion would be possible in the output of: This was a continuation of a long term British policy, beginning with
272-583: Was poor because no one had any significant incentive to ensure compliance. Nevertheless, this was one of a number of measures restrictive on the trade of British Colonies in North America that were one of the causes of the American Revolution . Part of the reason for lax enforcement may be due to the involvement of Colonial Officials in iron works. Virginia Governors Gooch and Spotswood were both deeply involved in iron manufacture. Gooch
289-531: Was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1867 , due to the replacement of colonial rule with the Dominion of Canada . 23 Geo. 2 Interregnum (1642–1660) Rescinded (1639–1651) This is a complete list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain for the year 1749 . For acts passed until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of
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