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44-707: The trail spreads across Whitehall Township , Coplay and North Whitehall . It is a very popular trail in the Lehigh Valley for walkers, bikers, runners and dog walkers. The trail has many events such as a 10k race held every year. The Ironton Railroad was originally chartered in 1859 and built during the 1860s. It transported iron ore from mines in Ironton, Pennsylvania to the Thomas Iron Company plant in Hokendauqua, Pennsylvania . The railroad

88-506: A 1763 uprising in Lehigh County . Fort Deshler, which stood near Route 145 at Chestnut Street, played a key role in the defense of settler-held lands during this battle, in which 23 settlers were killed. The original Whitehall Township, established in 1753, was split into the three townships of Whitehall, North Whitehall, and South Whitehall in 1867. The name Whitehall is said to have originated from Lynford Lardner's hunting lodge that

132-580: A deal to determine how much land the Europeans would acquire based on how far the Europeans were able to walk in two days. To gain more land, the Europeans paid a professional runner who got as far as what is now Coaldale , in Schuylkill County . The Lenape lived peacefully among the German settlers for a time. But the tribe suffered injustices at the hands of the settlers and lashed back during

176-472: A female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 52% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.93. In the township, the population was spread out, with 21.2% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

220-439: A first class township with a population of 7,935 in 1900. This gave the township specified municipal rights for supplying electric lights, highways, and sewers at public expense. The post- World War II era began the transition from the manufacturing industries to the retail industry as Whitehall became a bedroom community and suburb of Allentown . The individual villages united into a single entity known as Whitehall in 1968, when

264-484: A full range of municipal services to its residents. Whitehall Township is in eastern Lehigh County on the north side of the city of Allentown . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the township has a total area of 12.9 square miles (33.3 km ), of which 12.6 square miles (32.6 km ) are land and 0.3 square miles (0.7 km ), or 2.22%, are water. Whitehall is drained by the Lehigh River , which forms

308-708: A hot-summer humid continental climate ( Dfa ) and the hardiness zone is 6b. Average monthly temperatures in Hokendauqua range from 28.8 °F (−1.8 °C) in January to 73.8 °F (23.2 °C) in July. As of the census of 2010, there were 26,738 people, 10,376 households, and 6,817 families residing in the township. The population density was 1,981.1 inhabitants per square mile (764.9/km ). There were 10,744 housing units at an average density of 855.0 units per square mile (330.1 units/km ). The racial makeup of

352-572: A modern paint that adheres to the surface. The process of being drawn in needs to be controlled by damping down. If a wall is not damped, it can leave the lime and pigments on the surface powdery; if the wall is saturated, then there is no surface tension and this can result in failure of the limewash. Damping down is not difficult but it does need to be considered before application of the limewash. Additives traditionally used include water glass , glue , egg white , Portland cement , salt , soap , milk , flour , molasses, alum, and soil . Whitewash

396-400: A unique surface glow due to the double refraction of calcite crystals. Limewash and whitewash both cure to become the same material. When whitewash or limewash is initially applied, it has very low opacity , which can lead novices to overthicken the paint. Drying increases opacity and subsequent curing increases opacity even further. Limewash relies on being drawn into a substrate unlike

440-605: Is MacArthur Road ( PA 145 ), which has an interchange with US 22 in the south and crosses PA 329 in the north. PA 145 heads south into Allentown and north to Walnutport . US 22 passes east–west through the southern portion of Whitehall Township on a freeway called the Lehigh Valley Thruway, with interchanges at PA 145 and Fullerton Avenue. US 22 leads west to connections with PA 309 , I-476 ( Pennsylvania Turnpike Northeast Extension), and I-78 and east to Bethlehem and Easton . PA 329 passes east–west through

484-567: Is a township with home rule status in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania , United States. The township's population was 26,738 as of the 2010 census. Whitehall Township is a suburb of Allentown in the Lehigh Valley metropolitan region, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census. The township is 4.4 miles (7.1 km) north of Allentown, 64.1 miles (103.2 km) northwest of Philadelphia , and 93.7 miles (150.8 km) west of New York City . The province of Pennsylvania

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528-433: Is a type of paint made from slaked lime ( calcium hydroxide , Ca(OH) 2 ) or chalk ( calcium carbonate , CaCO 3 ), sometimes known as "whiting". Various other additives are sometimes used. Whitewash cures through a reaction with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to form calcium carbonate in the form of calcite , a type of reaction generally known as carbonation or by the more specific term, carbonatation . It

572-662: Is generally rectangular in shape, running from north-northwest to south-southeast, and is situated along the western bank of the Lehigh River. Two years after the new township's formation, the borough of Coplay was incorporated, removing from the township a square section of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km ). The township's villages include Cementon , Eagle Point , Egypt , Fullerton , Hokendauqua , Mickleys , North Coplay, Scherersville (also in South Whitehall), Stiles , and West Catasauqua . Whitehall Township has

616-528: Is often added to prevent mold . Basic limewash can be inadequate in its ability to prevent rain-driven water ingress. Additives are being developed but these have the potential for affecting free vapor permeability. For this reason silicate paints , more common in Germany, are gaining popularity in the UK over limewash. Whitewash is applied to trees, especially fruit trees, to prevent sun scald . Most often only

660-424: Is sometimes added (typically 0.5-2%) to improve adhesion on difficult surfaces. Cement addition makes a harder wearing paint in white or grey . Open time is short, so this is added at point of use. Cement restricts the breathable aspects of the limewash and is inadvisable for preserved historic buildings. Dilute glues improve paint toughness. Wheat flour has been used as a strength enhancing binder. Salt

704-542: Is sometimes coloured with earths to achieve colours spanning the range of broken white , cream , yellow and a range of browns . The blue laundry dye (such as Reckitt's "Dolly Blue" in the UK, Ireland and Australia, Loulaki in Greece, or Mrs. Stewart's Bluing in North America), formerly widely used to give a bright tinge to boiled white textiles, was a common 19th century addition. Historically, pig's blood

748-466: Is usually applied to exteriors, or interiors of rural dairies because of its mildly antibacterial properties. Whitewash can be tinted for decorative use and is sometimes painted inside structures such as the hallways of apartment buildings. A small amount can rub off onto clothing . In Britain and Ireland, whitewash was used historically in interiors and exteriors of workers' cottages and still retains something of this association with rural poverty . In

792-607: The poverty line , including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over. Whitehall-Coplay School District serves the township and also the borough of Coplay . Students in grades 9–12 from both municipalities attend Whitehall High School . There also are several parochial and private schools within the Township: The Dent Hardware Company Factory Complex in Fullerton and Helfrich's Springs Grist Mill in

836-526: The U.S. Post Office combined its separate town branches. Breadon Field , which was the home field for a series of Minor League Baseball teams from the stadium's 1948 opening until its 1964 demolition, was based in Whitehall Township. In 1974, voters approved the adoption of a Home Rule Charter form of government, creating a seven-member legislative body and an elected mayor. Today, with an annual budget in excess of $ 21 million, Whitehall provides

880-493: The United States, a similar attitude is expressed in the old saying "Too proud to whitewash and too poor to paint." The historic California Missions were commonly whitewashed, giving them their distinctive bright white appearance. Whitewash is especially compatible with masonry because it is absorbed easily and the resultant chemical reaction hardens the medium. Lime wash is pure slaked lime in water. It produces

924-549: The authorities starting in October 1905. Since then, has been ensuring law and order in the township . As of 2018, there were 120.85 miles (194.49 km) of public roads in Whitehall Township, of which 23.25 miles (37.42 km) were maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and 97.60 miles (157.07 km) were maintained by the township. The township's main north–south road

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968-455: The current terms end in 2007, while the remaining 3 terms end in 2009). The seated members then elect a President and Vice President who conduct Board meetings. The executive branch consists of a Mayor, who also serves a 4-year term. The Mayor may appoint a Deputy Mayor at his/her discretion, with approval from the Board of Commissioners. The Deputy Mayor does not automatically become Mayor should

1012-629: The eastern boundary of the township, separating it from the boroughs of Northampton and North Catasauqua in Northampton County and the borough of Catasauqua in Lehigh County. The township was originally created on March 20, 1753, and included what is now North Whitehall and South Whitehall townships. In 1810, a petition was made to the Northampton County Court to split the township into two portions; at

1056-741: The farmers into flour and animal feed. Only one grist mill remains, the Helfrich Springs Grist Mill, which is also home to the Whitehall Historical Preservation Society, which has preserved the building for use as a local history museum. Completion of the Lehigh Canal in 1829 led to further development. Discovery of iron ore deposits brought Whitehall into the Industrial Revolution when the first blast iron furnace

1100-401: The lower trunk is painted. In Poland painting the whole trunk is also said to help keep the body of the tree cool in late winter and early spring months and hence help prevent fruit trees from blooming too soon, i.e. when warm sunny days could promote rapid tree warming, rising sap and bloom and intermittent frosty nights could damage outer tree rings and destroy the young buds and blossoms. In

1144-673: The middle of the 20th century, when family farms with dairy barns were common in the Upper Midwest of the United States , whitewash was a necessary part of routine barn maintenance . A traditional animal barn contains a variety of extremely rough surfaces that are difficult to wash and keep clean, such as stone and brick masonry, and also rough-cut lumber for the ceiling. If left alone, these surfaces collect dust, dirt, insect debris and wastes, and can become very dirty. Whitewash aids in sanitation by coating and smoothing over

1188-754: The northern portion of Whitehall Township on Main Street, leading west to Schnecksville and east to Northampton and Bath . LANta provides bus service in Whitehall Township with several routes serving the MacArthur Road retail corridor and a transfer center located at the Lehigh Valley Mall . The bus routes connect the township with Allentown, Bethlehem, and other points in the Lehigh Valley. Whitewash Whitewash , calcimine , kalsomine , calsomine , asbestis or lime paint

1232-523: The paint in large flakes or small chips. While working, the wall sections of paint will appear to be solid and later come off easily. It is a long process. The incident of Tom Sawyer whitewashing a fence as punishment is a famous image in American literature. It appears in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer written in 1876 by Mark Twain . In the 1934 film, Fugitive Lovers , Madge Evans drops

1276-420: The process of manufacturing Portland cement . The first Portland cement plant was located between the villages of Cementon and Coplay. Others quickly followed, and by 1914 70% of the cement produced in the United States came from the "Cement Belt" or Lehigh District. The cement industry attracted a new wave of immigrants from Austria-Hungary , creating yet another population spurt. Whitehall became classified as

1320-402: The rich biodiversity of the area it became known as the wilderness of Whitehall. Old-growth forest consisting of oak, tulip poplar, hickory, black walnut, sugar maple, basswood, American chestnut, American beech, and sycamore covered the entire township. In 1867, eastern portions of both North and South Whitehall were reapportioned into the current Whitehall Township. The new Whitehall Township

1364-510: The rough surfaces. Successive applications of whitewash build up layers of scale that flake off and, in the process, remove surface debris. The coating also has antimicrobial properties that provide hygienic and sanitary benefits for animal barns . Whitewash was painted on the internal walls of Royal Navy vessels during the Age of Sail to improve light levels inside a vessel's gundeck , reduce bacteria and prevent wear and tear on hull timbers. It

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1408-415: The standing Mayor leave office for any reason—a replacement is to be appointed by the Board of Commissioners. Whitehall Township also maintains an elected Treasurer who serves a four-year term. Phillips Armstrong (D; $ 75,000); 2022-2025 Whitehall Township Bureau of Police is a medium-sized city police force . The current police department was formed in 1946. Although the first patrolmen were hired by

1452-454: The time, the area now encompassed by Lehigh County was part of Northampton County . The name "Whitehall" refers to a white hall that was built along Jordan Creek in the early 1700s as a hunting lodge. The area had a large ruffed grouse population along with numerous white-tailed deer , eastern elk , eastern wolves , and black bear . Mountain lions or cougars may have also existed within Whitehall Township at some point in time. Because of

1496-474: The township adopted a Home Rule Charter ( here ) form of government that became effective January 5, 1976. As part of this governmental arrangement, the Township has separate executive and legislative branches. The legislative branch consists of a Township Board of Commissioners of seven (7) members, each serving 4-year terms. Four of the seats have terms that overlap the remaining three seat terms (e.g. four of

1540-530: The township are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The Lehigh Valley Mall , the largest Lehigh Valley -based shopping mall, is located in Whitehall Township, as is the Whitehall Mall . Several radio stations have broadcast facilities within the township (all owned by iHeartMedia ), including: Whitehall Township operates as a First Class Township. On November 5, 1974,

1584-406: The township was 90.56% White , 2.74% African American , 0.13% Native American , 3.62% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 1.71% from other races , and 1.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.37% of the population. There were 10,376 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 8.8% had

1628-412: Was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males. The median income for a household in the township was $ 43,070, and the median income for a family was $ 51,597. Males had a median income of $ 39,175 versus $ 26,933 for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 21,383. About 4.4% of families and 6.5% of the population were below

1672-575: Was Jacob Kohler, who settled in the vicinity of Egypt about 1728. The settlers staked their claim on the lands by applying to the Penns for a land warrant. They cleared the land for farming and established churches around which villages grew. When the first European settlers came to the Whitehall area, the Lenape people were living on the banks of Hokendauqua Creek . The Europeans and the Lenape designed

1716-626: Was acquired by the Reading Company in 1923 and was consolidated into Conrail in 1976. However, the railroad was ultimately closed in 1984, and tracks were removed in 1990. Right of way for the 9.2 miles (14.8 km) stretch that would become the Ironton Rail Trail was purchased from Conrail in 1996. 40°39′53″N 75°30′37″W  /  40.66475°N 75.51014°W  / 40.66475; -75.51014 Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania Whitehall Township

1760-424: Was added to give the colour Suffolk pink , a colour still widely used on house exteriors in some areas of the UK. If animal blood is applied excessively, its iron oxide can compromise the lime binder's strength. Pozzolanic materials are occasionally added to give a much harder wearing paint finish. This addition creates a short open time and therefore requires timely application of the altered paint. Linseed oil

1804-474: Was also used during the Second World War by the German armed forces as an easy-to-apply winter camouflage for soft- and hard-skinned vehicles, aircraft and helmets. While calcimine was generally stable with oil paint, current latex paints blister and peel. No success has been reported with primers and other glues over top of a peeling wall. The only approach is to scrape it off. The chalk releases

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1848-441: Was built in Hokendauqua in 1854. This was immediately followed by the establishment of a railroad system to transport raw materials to the furnaces and to ship the final product. Population grew rapidly as these industries attracted Welsh and Irish immigrants. While the railroads were being constructed, cuts in the bedrock led to the discovery of Whitehall's deposits of Jacksonburg limestone . David O. Saylor perfected and patented

1892-563: Was created in 1681 when King Charles II granted a tract of land in America to William Penn . After the death of Penn, his sons, John , Thomas , and Richard , became the owners of Pennsylvania. The Lenape Indian tribe deeded that part of Lehigh County lying between the South Mountain and Blue Mountain to Penn's sons in 1736. A wave of German immigrants from Germany 's Palatinate settled in Whitehall Township. The first

1936-523: Was painted with whitewash . Lardner named it "Grouse Hall", but the common people of the region called it "White Hall". Whitehall Township's villages include Cementon , Egypt , Fullerton , Hokendauqua , Mickleys , Stiles , and West Catasauqua . Coplay was also part of Whitehall until it incorporated as a borough in 1869. Agriculture was the major industry until the mid-1800s. Today, about 2,000 acres (809 ha) are under cultivation. There were six grist mills in Whitehall, built to process grains for

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