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64-667: Isernhagen consists of 7 districts: Twinned with Peacehaven in East Sussex , Épinay-sous-Sénart in France , Suchy Las in Poland and Tamási in Hungary . The first part of the name Isernhagen derives from the word Yser or Yserne which means 'iron'. In the middle ages ironstone was found in the lowlands of the river Wietze . It was smelted on-site and used as construction material. The ending Hagene or Hagen describes

128-529: A leper colony at St James's Hospital. When St. James's Park was laid out by order of Henry VIII in the 16th century, the park's boundary wall was built along the south side of the road. In 1620, the Privy Council ordered the High Sheriff of Middlesex to clear a number of temporary buildings next to the wall that were of poor quality. Pall-mall , a ball game similar to croquet ,

192-515: A prehistoric settlement throughout the Bronze and Iron Ages . Peacehaven was established in 1916 by entrepreneur Charles Neville, who had purchased land in the parish of Piddinghoe ; he then set up a company to develop the site (he also eventually built nearby towns Saltdean and parts of Rottingdean ). He advertised it by setting up a competition in virtually every newspaper in England to name

256-406: A few of these still survive, having been given an outer concrete block wall (they can be identified by their oblong shape that tends to be end-on to the road). Eventually the local council invested in water and electrical services and so people started to build more substantial houses. After World War II , the local council introduced a zoning scheme in order to distinguish areas for improvement along

320-608: A new community led recreation destination 'The Big Parks Project' was completed in 2015. Designed by architects Kaner Olette and engineers HOP & Crofton Consulting, the project includes a central activity café, children’s playgrounds, new cycle paths, skate park, and sports facilities. The project has received many accolades since it was completed, including Constructing Excellence Sustainability Award – Winner 2015; Architects Journal Retrofit Award – Winner 2015; RIBA South East Award – Winner 2016; Sussex Heritage Trust Public & Community – Highly Commended 2016. The town plays

384-517: A parcel of land leased to the Duchess of Cleveland that became the site of 8–12 Cleveland Row and Stornoway House. The 18th-century London bookseller Andrew Millar also lived in a townhouse designed by Robert Adam, at 34 Pall Mall. 104 Pall Mall was rebuilt in 1761–2 by John, second Earl of Egmont . Sir John Soane remodelled the house in 1793–4 for Lady Louisa Manners, Countess of Dysart who lived there until 1831. From 1831 to 1836 it

448-533: A part in Graham Greene 's 1938 novel Brighton Rock . The 1979 film Quadrophenia starring Phil Daniels in the leading role as a mod named Jimmy also ended up in Peacehaven. At the end of the film he finds out his idol, the suave mod "poster boy" Ace Face (played by Sting ), is in reality a bellboy . He steals Ace's scooter and heads out to Peacehaven Cliffs and an uncertain fate. Peacehaven

512-472: A piece of woodlands or fencing of crop lands, common to keep away animals from the farmland. The coat of arms was drafted by Walter Peitschmann. It was authorized by the district of Hannover on 9 January 1987. Description of coat of arms : "Separated by the silver diagonal wavy bar, top right three silver lilies on red (2:1), bottom left four silver horseshoes each other overlaying on green background." Explanation of coat of arms : The three lilies on red in

576-420: A separate parish and has a separate town council. A Bronze Age barrow (burial mound) lies very close to the cliff top, which has been under investigation by local societies. The barrow represents evidence of the occupation of Peacehaven at least 3,500 years ago. A 2007 excavation of the new Bovis Homes site to the west of Peacehaven Community School 's playing fields unearthed a large range of evidence for

640-683: Is Lewes District Council with responsibilities for the wider ranging areas such as council tax collection, environmental health and democratic services. Peacehaven provides six councillors to the district council, representing the same three wards as the parish council. Elections are held every four years, the May 2007 election returned six Conservative Party councillors; the May 2023 local elections returned six Labour Party councillors for these six seats. The county council for East Sussex has responsibility for education, libraries, social services, civil registration, trading standards and transport. Elections for

704-561: Is a street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster , Central London. It connects St James's Street to Trafalgar Square and is a section of the regional A4 road . The street's name is derived from pall-mall , a ball game played there during the 17th century, which in turn is derived from the Italian pallamaglio , literally "ball-mallet". The area was built up during

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768-697: Is a town and civil parish in the Lewes district of East Sussex , England. It is located above the chalk cliffs of the South Downs approximately six miles (9.7 km) east of Brighton city centre, on the A259 road . Its site coincides with the point where the Greenwich meridian crosses the English south coast. Peacehaven is next to Telscombe Cliffs , a later western extension to Peacehaven, which lies within

832-478: Is not used as a through road. Pall Mall was constructed in 1661, replacing an earlier highway slightly to the south that ran from the Haymarket (approximately where Warwick House Street is now) to the royal residence, St James's Palace . Historical research suggests a road had been in this location since Saxon times, although the earliest documentary references are from the 12th century in connection with

896-607: The Commonwealth Secretariat and the Commonwealth Foundation . The Prince Regent's Carlton House was built at the eastern end of Pall Mall in 1732 for Frederick, Prince of Wales and later inhabited by his widow, Princess Augusta . A ball was held at the house on 19 June 1811 to celebrate the start of the Prince's regency, but ultimately he did not decide to stay in the house upon ascending

960-704: The Prime meridian of the world crosses the coast is marked by a 3.5 m (11 ft) tall obelisk , commissioned by Charles Neville. It was unveiled on 10 August 1936, and has been relocated twice due to erosion of the cliffs. Peacehaven's lowest tier of government is the Peacehaven Town Council who are responsible for local planning, highways and other amenities. The council consists of 17 elected councillors from three wards , North, West and East Peacehaven. The May 2007 election returned 17 Conservative Party councillors. The next level of government

1024-721: The Royal Automobile Club . Pall Mall was once the centre of London's fine art scene; in 1824 the Royal Academy , the National Gallery and Christie's auction house were all based on the street. The freehold of much of the southern side of the Pall Mall is owned by the Crown Estate . In addition to St James's Palace, Marlborough House, which was once a royal residence, is its neighbour to

1088-595: The Whitehawk Hill TV transmitter and the local relay transmitter situated in Newhaven . Local radio stations are BBC Radio Sussex on 95.0 FM, Heart South on 96.9 FM, and Seahaven FM , a community based station which broadcasts to the town on 96.3 FM. The town is served by the local newspapers, Sussex Express and The Argus (formerly South Coast Leader ). Peacehaven has a Non-League football club Peacehaven & Telscombe F.C. who play at

1152-647: The 19th and early 20th centuries. The Travellers Club was founded in 1819 and moved to No. 49 Pall Mall in 1822. Its current premises at No. 106 were built in 1823 by Charles Barry . The Athenaeum Club took its name from the Athenaeum in Rome , a university founded by the Emperor Hadrian . The club moved to No. 107 Pall Mall in 1830 from tenements in Somerset House . Its entrance hall

1216-466: The British Monopoly board game, alongside Whitehall and Northumberland Avenue . All three streets converge at Trafalgar Square. Rising house prices across London mean a small flat on Pall Mall, which is in the lowest-priced third of properties on the board, now sells for over £1 million. Charles Lamb, in his essay "The Superannuated Man," also mentioned this place. The narrator of

1280-530: The South Coast Road (A259) and Dorothy Avenue. Neville was influenced by the American grid system of planning. There were originally no "Streets" in Peacehaven; only "Roads" and "Avenues". With very few exceptions, "Roads" ran east to west, and "Avenues" north to south, most forming crossroads where they intersected the South Coast Road (A259). Apart from this road, Roderick Avenue, running roughly up

1344-668: The Sports Park. The club hosts a variety of football tournaments that range from age U10–U16 every summer. There is also a small leisure centre and a bowls club and dance schools such as Harlequin and Studio 54, as well as football and martial arts clubs. Several special interest groups operate. The Women's Institute meets regularly at the Meridian Centre along with various other community groups. Delivered on 30 acres of land given over by Southern Water and funded by financial contributions from Southern Water and Bovis Homes

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1408-574: The centre, was the only surfaced road (except for the area of Local Authority housing around Friars Avenue (north) in Peacehaven until the late 1950s, when the process of making-up the roads began. This started in Telscombe Cliffs and worked eastwards. As part of this, many of the Avenues had their junction with the main road blocked off to reduce the number of junctions and crossroads. The town still retains its original "grid" layout (apart from

1472-630: The cliffs, one of which is called The Dell . A cinema formerly stood on this site, and now it holds events such as car boot sales, fireworks, fairgrounds, motorhome exhibitions, the Donkey Derby and an annual carnival (though in 2005 the carnival was held on the Joff field located behind the Meridian shopping centre). In the 1950s, the carnival stalls were located on the then vacant land on the NW corner of

1536-634: The coast road. In 1974 the Town Centre Map and Action Plan was formed to aid development. There are two listed farmsteads in the town: Halcombe Farm House built in the 17th century, and Hoddern Farm House from the 18th century. Another old building is the Shepherds Cot, now part of a private residential property in The Compts in north Peacehaven. This tiny cabin dates from the 1880s when it was built on farmland to shelter shepherds during

1600-541: The concept of a "haven of peace", which won a prize for stories with Jewish themes and appeared in Serbian and Hungarian , both out of Novi Sad . Punk band Peter and the Test Tube Babies formed in Peacehaven in 1978 and recall calling themselves the banchood group for a short period of time. Peacehaven is twinned with: Pall Mall, London Pall Mall / ˌ p æ l ˈ m æ l /

1664-530: The county council are held every four years. Peacehaven parish is combined with the neighbouring Telscombe parish forming the Peacehaven & Telscombe Towns electoral division which elects two councillors to the council. The May 2013 election returned two UKIP councillors. Peacehaven is in the Brighton Kemptown and Peacehaven constituency for the UK parliamentary elections. In the 2024 general election

1728-503: The crown commissioners. When the main road was relocated further north, some houses suddenly had their backs facing the main road, losing available land for gardening. In 1664, residents filed a petition to turn the old road into gardens, which was successful. The trustees of the Earl of St Albans received a sixty-year lease on most of this from April 1665 so that trustees could issue sub-leases to their tenants. Several other portions of

1792-509: The development. The name of the winners who chose the name 'New Anzac-on-Sea' (to commemorate the ANZAC 's involvement in the Battle of Gallipoli ) were Mr West of Ilford, Essex and Mr Kemp of Maidstone, Kent. The Daily Express later sued Neville over the competition, holding that it was a scam, since he was offering "free" plots of land in the town as runner-up prizes but issuing them only on

1856-428: The east, opening off a courtyard just to the south of the street. It was built for Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough who laid the foundation stone in 1709, with building complete by 1711. The house reverted to Crown ownership in 1817; the future King George V was born here in 1865 and briefly lived in the house as Prince of Wales during the reign of his father, Edward VII . It became government-owned in 1959 and houses now

1920-457: The highway, with compensation for those at least 30 years old. The commissioners determined that the real tennis court and adjoining house at the northeast corner of Pall Mall and St James's Street should be demolished, and in 1664 notified Martha Barker, the owner of the Crown lease, to do so. Although Barker initially rejected £230 compensation, the court was demolished by 1679. The street

1984-616: The joint municipality. Various well-preserved talf-timbered houses and farms can be visited in Isernhagen. House no. 72 in Hauptstraße in Farster Bauerschaft is considered to be one of the oldest buildings. It was built in 1595 in the renaissance style with wood carvings ( rosettes ) which show the typical design of the renaissance period. Isernhagen is twinned with: Peacehaven Peacehaven

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2048-455: The lambing season. The popular singer and comedian Gracie Fields bought a home in Peacehaven overlooking the sea. Peacehaven is located on fairly flat coastal land which is elevated around 40 to 50 m (131 to 164 ft) above sea level . The pebble beach below the cliffs can be reached by a stairs and concrete driveway and sea walk. There are a number of green spaces along the A259 and

2112-655: The new district would not take houses without the prospect of eventually acquiring them outright. Despite opposition from the Lord Treasurer , the Earl of Southampton , on 1 April 1665 the King granted the Earl of St Albans the freehold of the St ;James's Square site, along with all the ground on the north side of Pall Mall between St James's Street and the east side of St James's Square. The freehold of

2176-606: The newer development to the west called Telscombe Cliffs and above Firle Road): rectangular plots of land on both sides of the main road. Aerial photographs from the 1930s clearly show the "grid" pattern and, at that time, the scattered nature of the community. The parish includes part of the Brighton to Newhaven Cliffs Site of Special Scientific Interest . The cliffs are mainly of geological interest, containing many Santonian and Campanian fossils. The SSSI listing includes flora and fauna biological interest too. The point where

2240-414: The north side of Pall Mall subsequently passed to other private owners. The Crown kept the freehold of the land south of the street except for No. 79, which was granted to Nell Gwyn 's trustees in 1676 or 1677 by Charles II . The buildings constructed on the south side of Pall Mall in subsequent years were grander than those on the north owing to stricter design and building standards imposed by

2304-537: The novelist William Makepeace Thackeray visited Dublin in 1845, he compared Pall Mall to O'Connell Street (then known as Upper Sackville Street). In 1870, Henry Benjamin Wheatley wrote "Round about Piccadilly and Pall Mall", documenting changes in and around the street over the century. A compilation of Oscar Wilde 's works, A Critic in Pall Mall ;: Being Extracts From Reviews And Miscellanies ,

2368-413: The old highway were leased for construction. At the east end, land was leased to Sir Philip Warwick who built Warwick House (now the location of Warwick House Street) and to Sir John Denham ; this parcel of land became part of the grounds of Marlborough House . Portions leased at the west end included the land between St James's Palace and the tennis court at the corner of St James's Street, and

2432-491: The old road. The court for pall-mall was very long and narrow, and often known as an alley, so the old court, namely St James's Field, provided a suitable route for relocating the eastern approach to St James's Palace. A grant was made to Dan O'Neale , Groom of the Bedchamber , and John Denham , Surveyor of the King's Works , allocating a 1,400-by-23-foot (427 by 7 m) area of land for this purpose. The grant

2496-570: The payment of a conveyancing fee. The Express won the case, but the publicity brought the scheme to a large audience. The idea was then to sell plots of land cheaply for people to build on themselves. Initially, the town was New Anzac-on-Sea, but less than a year later, on 12 February 1917, it was renamed Peacehaven. In 1927, the directors of Peacehaven Estates Ltd, of South Coast Road, Peacehaven, and 7, Pall Mall , Westminster , were Lord Teynham (Chairman), C. W. Neville (managing director), and G. Kay Green . Although it has been claimed that

2560-559: The population of both communities. The town has one secondary school, Peacehaven Community School . There are also three primary schools: Peacehaven Heights Primary School, Meridian Primary School, and Telscombe Cliffs Primary School and Nursery. The library located in the Meridian Centre hosts various training talks for adults and educational activities for children, as well as hosting a regular citizens' advice bureau. Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC South East and ITV Meridian . Television signals are received from

2624-685: The property was divided: No.77 was occupied by the Oxford and Cambridge University Club , and no.78 by the Eagle Star Insurance Company. The Institute of Directors was founded in 1903 and received a royal charter in 1906. The former branch of the Midland Bank at Nos. 69–70 Pall Mall was designed by Edwin Lutyens and constructed between 1922 and 1927. The original plan to redevelop No. 70 proved impractical so

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2688-406: The reign of Charles II with fashionable London residences. It is known for high-class shopping in the 18th century until the present, and gentlemen's clubs in the 19th. The Reform , Athenaeum and Travellers Clubs have survived to the 21st century. The War Office was based on Pall Mall during the second half of the 19th century, and the Royal Automobile Club 's headquarters have been on

2752-423: The royal palaces of Whitehall and St James and the houses on the east, north and west sides of the square were developed along with those on the north side of Pall Mall, each constructed separately as was usual for the time. Houses were not built along the square's south side at first, or the adjoining part of Pall Mall. The Earl petitioned the King in late 1663 that the class of occupants they hoped to attract to

2816-733: The seat was won by Chris Ward of the Labour Party . Prior to Brexit in 2020, Peacehaven was represented by the South East region , in the European Parliament . Peacehaven is twinned with the French town of Épinay-sous-Sénart and the German town of Isernhagen . The Co-operative Meridian Shopping Centre is in the town. There is also a leisure centre, several pubs, coffee shops, cafés and restaurants located throughout

2880-456: The street as well as the game. In 1662, Pall Mall was one of several streets "thought fitt immediately to be repaired, new paved or otherwise amended" under the London and Westminster Streets Act 1662 ( 14 Cha. 2 . c. 2). The paving commissioners appointed to oversee the work included the Earl of St Albans . The terms of the act allowed commissioners to remove any building encroaching on

2944-492: The street since 1908. The street is around 0.4 miles (0.6 km) long and runs east in the St James's area, from St James's Street across Waterloo Place , to the Haymarket and continues as Pall Mall East towards Trafalgar Square . The street numbers run consecutively from north-side east to west and then continue on the south-side west to east. It is nominally part of the A4 , a major road running west from Central London, but

3008-668: The throne, and it was demolished. John Nash built Carlton House Terrace on its site between 1827 and 1832. Pall Mall was the location of the War Office from 1855 to 1906, with which it became synonymous (just as Whitehall refers to the administrative centre of the UK government ). The War Office was accommodated in a complex of buildings based on the ducal mansion, Cumberland House . The office subsequently moved to Whitehall. The street contained two other architecturally important residences. Schomberg House, at Nos. 80–82 Pall Mall

3072-512: The time was termed as the plotlands movement . Inhabitants felt a sense of freedom in living off what they needed and enjoying a simpler life away from the busy, polluted city. The Plotlands provided the working class an opportunity that might not have been available otherwise. By 1924, there were 3,000 people living in Peacehaven. Original houses were often very temporary affairs (some were old railway carriages ). Others were constructed from former army huts, brought from North Camp near Seaford ,

3136-405: The top right half, are taken from the coat of arms of the once residential Barons of Cramm and they are symbols for the three local congregations of the former joint municipality Kirchwarmbüchen. The four Bauernschaften (peasantries), in which horse breeding was predominant, are symbolized by the four horseshoes. In between meanders the silver band of the river Wietze , which connects all villages of

3200-551: The town was originally formed for retiring World War I veterans in order for them to escape and recover from the effects of the war, this is not proven. Mr Neville's publicity promoted the town as being an idyllic setting; sea air and simple lifestyle were thought to have aided good health. The land was also cheap and, as a result, working-class families from the city started to purchase plots and gradually build makeshift homes for weekends and holidays. This movement of frontier-style buildings made with whatever materials were available at

3264-690: The town. There are four churches in Peacehaven and one in Telscombe Cliffs. The Church of the Ascension , build by L. Keir Hett to replace Peacehaven's Anglican church, replaced a temporary building which had been erected in 1922. The Roman Catholic Church, dedicated to the Immaculate Conception , was also founded in a temporary building in the 1920s; this survives as the church hall of the present brick structure. A Jehovah's Witnesses ' Kingdom Hall and an Evangelical church are also in use. Telscombe Cliffs United Reformed Church serves

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3328-399: The two premises were demolished to provide a site for the current premises. The cigarette manufacturer Rothmans has its head office at No. 65 Pall Mall, in a building designed by Norman Shaw , while P&O Ferries ' main administrative office is at No. 79. Giacomo Casanova lived in Pall Mall during 1761 as "Chevalier de Seingalt" and documented the stay in his memoirs. When

3392-564: Was built in 1698 for Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg and divided into three parts in 1769. The eastern section of the house was demolished in 1850, but reconstructed in the mid-1950s for office use. Buckingham House was the London residence of the Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos . It was rebuilt in the 1790s by Sir John Soane and sold by the Buckingham estate in 1847. The house

3456-487: Was constructed in St James's Park just south of the wall, on the site of The Mall . Samuel Pepys 's diary entry for 2 April 1661 records: "[I] went into St. James's Park, where I saw the Duke of York playing at Pelemele, the first time that I ever saw the sport". This new court suffered from dust blown over the wall from coaches travelling along the highway. In July 1661 posts and rails were erected, stopping up

3520-576: Was demolished in 1908 to make way for the Royal Automobile Club. By 1902, 7 Pall Mall was occupied by the Electric Lighting Board. An intended hire of a first-floor room here to allow viewing of the coronation procession of King Edward VII was cancelled as the King was ill, giving rise to an important legal case, Chandler v Webster , concerned with the legal treatment of a frustrated contract . No 77–78 Pall Mall

3584-621: Was designed by Decimus Burton . The Reform Club at Nos. 104–105 was founded for the British Radicals in 1836. The Army and Navy Club at Nos. 36–39 was founded in 1837. The name was suggested by the Duke of Wellington in order to accommodate Royal Navy members. Other clubs on Pall Mall include the United Service Club (now occupied by the Institute of Directors ), the Oxford and Cambridge Club and

3648-401: Was developed extensively during 1662–1667. The Earl of St Albans had a lease from the Crown in 1662 on 45 acres (18 ha) of land previously part of St James's Fields. He laid out the site for the development of St James's Square , Jermyn Street , Charles Street, St Albans Street, King Street and other streets now known as St James's . The location was convenient for

3712-593: Was endorsed 'Our warrant for the building of the new street to St James's'. A new road was built on the site of the old pall-mall court, and opened in September 1661. It was named Catherine Street, after Catherine of Braganza , wife of Charles II, but was better known as Pall Mall Street or the Old Pall Mall. The pall-mall field was a popular place for recreation, and Pepys records several other visits. By July 1665 Pepys used "Pell Mell" to refer to

3776-587: Was introduced to England in the early 17th century by James I . The game, already popular in France and Scotland, was enjoyed by James' sons Henry and Charles . In 1630, St James's Field, London's first pall-mall court, was laid out to the north of the Haymarket – St James road. After the Restoration and King Charles II 's return to London on 29 May 1660, another pall-mall court

3840-437: Was one of the first in London to be lit by gas after Frederick Albert Winsor set up experimental lighting on 4 June 1807 to celebrate King George III 's birthday. Permanent lighting was installed in 1820. The eastern end of Pall Mall was widened between 1814 and 1818; a row of houses on its north side was demolished to make way for the Royal Opera Arcade. Pall Mall is known for the various gentlemen's clubs built there in

3904-409: Was published in 1919, comprising essays he wrote for newspapers and journals from the 1870s to the 1890s. Princess Elizabeth mentioned Pall Mall in her diary on celebrations on VE day : "Out in crowd again," she wrote, " Trafalgar Square , Piccadilly , Pall Mall, walked simply miles. Saw parents on balcony at 12.30am – ate, partied, bed 3am!" Pall Mall is part of a group of three squares on

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3968-428: Was selected for the site at which a car is pushed over the cliff in the TV thriller series The Level , while earlier Tiffany Mitchell's ashes were portrayed to be cast over the cliffs, in the BBC soap EastEnders in 1999, with viewers having been told at her funeral that she had spent happy childhood holidays there. Miodrag Kojadinović has a short story about a search for an ancestor in Peacehaven that plays with

4032-436: Was the home of the Marquess of Ailesbury from 1840. In 1892, it was inherited by the Marchioness' nephew, Viscount de Vesci who leased the building to the Office of Works . In 1902, it was granted to Queen Victoria's daughter, Princess Helena and her husband Prince Christian as a grace and favour residence and retained as a home by their daughters, Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise until 1947. In 1951,

4096-605: Was used for the storage and exhibition of the Royal picture collection. In 1836 it was acquired by the Reform Club . By the 18th century, Pall Mall was well known for its shops as well as its grand houses. The shops included that of the Vulliamy family who made clocks at No. 68 between 1765 and 1854. Robert Dodsley ran a bookshop at No. 52, where he suggested the idea of a dictionary to Samuel Johnson . Writers and artists began to move to Pall Mall during this century; both Richard Cosway and Thomas Gainsborough lived at Schomberg House at Nos. 80–82. The street

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