Political
34-603: This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula , and continuing through to the present day. The first-ever establishment of an Islamic polity goes back to the Islamic State of Medina , which was established by Muhammad in
68-525: A form of government based on sharia . As a term, it has been used to describe various historical polities and theories of governance in the Islamic world. As a translation of the Arabic term dawlah islāmiyyah ( Arabic : دولة إسلامية ) it refers to a modern notion associated with political Islam ( Islamism ). Notable examples of historical Islamic states include the state of Medina , established by
102-540: A jihad against non-Muslims, also known as Moplah riots, with thousands being killed in the Malabar region of Kerala. The Arabic word dawla comes from the root d-w-l , meaning "to turn, come around in a cyclical fashion". In the Quran , it is used to refer to the nature of human fortunes, alternating between victory and defeat (3:140). This use led Arab writers to apply the word to succession of dynasties, particularly to
136-552: A reaction to the abolition of the Ottoman caliphate in 1924. It was also in this context that the famous dictum that Islam is both a religion and a state ( al-Islam din wa dawla ) was first popularized. The modern conception of Islamic state was first articulated by the Syrian-Egyptian Islamic theologian Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā (1865–1935). Rashid Rida condemned the 1922 Turkish Abolition of Sultanate which reduced
170-471: A right to attend, meet, and petition the king directly through the traditional tribal meeting known as the majlis . The Constitution of Yemen declares that Islam is the state religion , and that Shari'a (Islamic law) is the source of all legislation. The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is a country in the Maghreb region of western North Africa . Mauritania was declared an independent state as
204-742: Is a monarchy which adheres to Islam as its state religion and is an Islamic state fully governed by Sharia . Historically came under various forms, such as Mamlakah ("Kingdom"), Caliphate , Sultanate , or Emirate , current Islamic monarchies include: Kingdom of Bahrain Monarchies of Malaysia Brunei Darussalam Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Sultanate of Oman State of Qatar Kingdom of Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates State of Kuwait Kingdom of Morocco v t e Islamic states Caliphate Imamah (Shi'a doctrine) Twelver Sevener Guardianship of
238-535: Is an Islamic absolute monarchy . The Basic Law of Saudi Arabia contains many characteristics of what might be called a constitution in other countries. However, the Qur'an and the Sunnah is declared to be the official constitution of the country which is governed on the basis of Islamic law (Shari'a) . The Allegiance Council is responsible to determine the new King and the new Crown Prince. All citizens of full age have
272-781: The Khilafa into a purely spiritual authority; soon after the First World War . In his book al-Khilafa aw al-Imama al-Uzma (The Caliphate or the Grand Imamate) published in 1922, Rida asserted that the Caliphate should have the combined powers of both spiritual and temporal authority. He called for the establishment of an Islamic state led by Arabs , functioning as a khilāfat ḍurūrah (caliphate of necessity) that upholds Sharia , and defend its Muslim and non-Muslim subjects. Another important modern conceptualization of
306-674: The Ottoman Empire was abolished under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1924 as part of Atatürk's Reforms . This move was most vigorously protested in India, as Mahatma Gandhi and Indian Muslims united behind the symbolism of the Ottoman Caliph in the Khilafat Movement which sought to reinstate the caliph deposed by Atatürk. The movement leveraged the Ottoman resistance against political pressure from Britain to abolish
340-563: The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and consequently the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). The essence or guiding principles of an Islamic government or Islamic state is the concept of al- Shura . Several scholars have different understandings or thoughts, with regard to the concept al-Shura. However, most Muslim scholars are of the opinion that Islamic al-Shura should consist of the following: Muhammad himself respected
374-2808: The Catholic Church and the state In Argentina Sphere sovereignty Subsidiarity Temporal power Theodemocracy Ultramontanism Neo-ultramontanism Islam and politics Hui pan-nationalism Human Rights in Islam Imamate Islamic anarchism Islamic anti-Masonry Islamic anti-Zionism Islamic democracy Islamic fascism Islamic feminism Sharia law by country In Pakistan In South Asia Islamic pacifism Islamic republic Islamic socialism Islamic state Islamic Zionism Islamism Criticism Islamization Khilafat Petro-Islam Political quietism Taliban Talibanization Two-nation theory Judaism and politics Halachic state Jewish anarchism Jewish anti-Zionism Haredim Jewish Autonomism Jewish democracy Jewish fascism Kahanism Revisionist Maximalism Jewish feminism Jewish law Jewish left Jewish pacifism Jewish political movements Jewish right Jewish secularism Jewish socialism Bundism Poale Zion Zionism Religious World Agudath Israel Hinduism and politics Akhand Bharat Hindu feminism Gandhism Hindu law Hindu modernism Hindu nationalism Hindutva Hindu Rashtra Panun Kashmir Bangabhumi Hindu revolution Hindu revivalism Hindu environmentalism Integral humanism Indigenous Aryans Rama Rajya Saffronisation Shuddhi Uniform civil code Buddhism and politics Buddhist anti-communism Buddhist feminism Buddhist law Buddhist modernism Buddhist nationalism 969 Movement Nichirenism Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism Buddhist socialism Engaged Buddhism Humanistic Buddhism Secular Buddhism Other American civil religion Disestablishmentarianism Imperial cult Ancient Rome Gottgläubig Khalistan movement Neopaganist feminism Religious aspects of Nazism Creativity (religion) Cult of personality State Shinto Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_monarchy&oldid=1237318446 " Category : Islamic monarchies Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
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#1732764879858408-569: The Iranian Revolution also became disenchanted and critical of the unity of religion and state in the Islamic Republic of Iran, are advocating secularization of the state to preserve the purity of the Islamic faith (see Abdolkarim Soroush and Mohsen Kadivar ). Per Supreme leader, Islamic state is the 3rd phase of Iranian Islamic Republic program and is in and of itself part of New Islamic Civilization . Saudi Arabia
442-2607: The Islamic Jurists Islamic republic Islamic monarchy Islamic emirate v t e Religion in politics General concepts Anti-clericalism Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry Caesaropapism Civil religion Clericalism Clerical fascism Confessionalism Constitutional references to God Divine rule Engaged Spirituality Feminist theology Thealogy Womanist theology Freedom of religion Humanism Identity politics Organized secularism Political religion Religious anarchism Religious anti-Masonry Religious anti-Zionism Religious communism Religious humanism Religious law Religious nationalism Religious pacifism Religion and peacebuilding Religious police Religious rejection of politics Religious segregation Religious separatism Religious socialism Religious views on same-sex marriage Secular humanism Secular liberalism Secular state Secularism Secularity Secularization Secular religion Separation of church and state Spiritual left State atheism State religion Theocracy Theonomy Christianity and politics Blaine Amendment Christian anarchism Christian anti-communism Christian anti-Masonry Papal ban Christian anti-Zionism Christian communism Christian corporatism Christian democracy Christian egalitarianism Christian environmentalism Evangelical environmentalism Christian fascism German Christians (movement) National Catholicism Positive Christianity Protestant Reich Church Christian feminism Mormon feminism Christian humanism Christian law Christian left Evangelical left Christian libertarianism Christian nationalism Christian pacifism Christian peacemaking Christian reconstructionism Christian republic Christian right Christian socialism In Utah Christian state Christian Zionism Cisalpinism Dominion Theology Febronianism Gallicanism Liberation theology Maronite politics Phoenicianism Papal state Pillarisation Political Catholicism Relations between
476-575: The Islamic Republic of Mauritania, on November 28, 1960. The Constitutional Charter of 1985 declares Islam as the state religion and sharia the law of the land. Pakistan was created as a separate state for Indian Muslims in British India in 1947, and followed the parliamentary form of democracy. In 1949, the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan passed the Objectives Resolution which envisaged an official role for Islam as
510-534: The Islamic prophet Muhammad , and the Arab caliphate which continued under his successors and the Umayyads . The concept of the modern Islamic state has been articulated and promoted by ideologues such as Sayyid Rashid Rida , Mohammed Omar , Abul A'la Maududi , Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini , Israr Ahmed , Sayyid Qutb and Hassan al-Banna . Implementation of Islamic law plays an important role in modern theories of
544-530: The Islamic state is attributed to Abul A'la Maududi (1903–1979), a Pakistani Muslim theologian who founded the political party Jamaat-e-Islami and inspired other Islamic revolutionaries such as Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini . Abul A'la Maududi's early political career was influenced greatly by anti-colonial agitation in India, especially after the tumultuous abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924 stoked anti-British sentiment. The Islamic state
578-615: The Islamic state, as it did in classical Islamic political theories. However, most of the modern theories also make use of notions that did not exist before the modern era. Today, many Muslim countries have incorporated Islamic law , wholly or in part, into their legal systems . Certain Muslim states have declared Islam to be their state religion in their constitutions , but do not apply Islamic law in their courts. Islamic states that are not Islamic monarchies are mostly Islamic republics . Majid Khadduri gives six stages of history for
612-658: The Islamic state: The first Islamic State was the political entity established by Muhammad in Medina in 622 CE under the Constitution of Medina . It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah (nation). It was subsequently transformed into the caliphate by Muhammad's disciples, who were known as the Rightly Guided ( Rashidun ) Caliphs (632–661 CE). The Islamic State significantly expanded under
646-530: The Persian davlat can mean either state or government. According to Pakistani scholar of Islamic history Qamaruddin Khan, the term Islamic state "was never used in the theory or practice of Muslim political science, before the twentieth century". Sohail H. Hashmi characterizes dawla Islamiyya as a neologism found in contemporary Islamist writings. Islamic theories of the modern notion of state first emerged as
680-707: The caliphate, connecting it with Indian nationalism and the movement for independence from British rule . However, the Khilafat found little support from the Muslims of the Middle East themselves who preferred to be independent nation states rather than being under the Ottoman Turkish rule. In the Indian sub-continent, although Gandhi tried to co-opt the Khilafat as a national movement, it soon degenerated into
714-1854: The city of Medina in 622 CE. Following his death in 632 CE, his immediate successors established the Rashidun Caliphate . After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire , Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia , the Safavid Empire of Persia , and the Mughal Empire in India . 1261–1517 Saudi Arabia Bahrain Qatar Kuwait United Arab Emirates Oman Yemen Regional Algeria Egypt Tunisia Morocco Libya Somalia Ethiopia Eritrea Djibouti Iran Anatolia (Turkey) Azerbaijan Armenia Georgia Caucasus Afghanistan Bangladesh Pakistan India Spain & Portugal France Umayyad Caliph of Cordova Italy Gibraltar Sudan, South Sudan Mauritania Niger Nigeria Mali Regional Cameroon Benin Burkina Faso Chad Central African Republic Côte d'Ivoire Ghana Islamic state Militant [REDACTED] Islam portal An Islamic state has
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#1732764879858748-513: The decision of the shura members. He is the champion of the notion of al-Shura, and this was illustrated in one of the many historical events, such as in the Battle of Khandaq ( Battle of the Trench ), where Muhammad was faced with two decisions, i.e. to fight the invading non-Muslim Arab armies outside of Medina or wait until they enter the city. After consultation with the sahabah (companions), it
782-440: The democratic principles of electoral politics with the socialist principles of concern for the poor. Today, many Muslim countries have incorporated Islamic law in part into their legal systems. Certain Muslim states have declared Islam to be their state religion in their constitutions, but do not apply Islamic law in their courts. Islamic states which are not Islamic monarchies are usually referred to as Islamic republics, such as
816-509: The 💕 Monarchy with Islam as state religion [REDACTED] This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . Find sources: "Islamic monarchy" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( March 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) An Islamic monarchy
850-594: The islamic republics of Iran, Pakistan and Mauritania . Pakistan adopted the title under the constitution of 1956 ; Mauritania adopted it on 28 November 1958; and Iran adopted it after the 1979 Revolution that overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty . In Iran, the form of government is known as the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists . Afghanistan was run as an Islamic state ( Islamic State of Afghanistan ) in
884-637: The majority opinion (by the sahabah ) is better than a decision made by one individual. The Ottoman Sultan , Selim I (1512–1520) reclaimed the title of caliph which had been in dispute and asserted by a diversity of rulers and shadow caliphs in the centuries of the Abbasid- Mamluk Caliphate since the Mongols' sacking of Baghdad and the killing of the last Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad, Iraq 1258. The Ottoman Caliphate as an office of
918-819: The official religion of Libya. Brunei is an absolute Islamic monarchy . With the constitution in 1959, Islam became the official religion of the country. Leading up to the Iranian Revolution of 1979 , many of the highest-ranking clergy in Shia Islam held to the standard doctrine of the Imamate , which allows political rule only by Muhammad or one of his true successors. They were opposed to creating an Islamic state (see Ayatollah Ha'eri Yazdi (Khomeini's own teacher), Ayatollah Borujerdi , Grand Ayatollah Shariatmadari , and Grand Ayatollah Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei ). Contemporary theologians who were once part of
952-540: The overthrow of the Umayyads of Damascus by the Abbasids . The first Abbasid caliphs themselves spoke of "our dawla " in the sense of "our turn/time of success". As Abbasids maintained their power, the dynastic sense of dawla became conflated with their dynastic rule, and in later times al-Dawla was used across the Islamic world as a honorific title for rulers and high officials. Like their Christian contemporaries, pre-modern Muslims did not generally conceive of
986-539: The post-communist era since 1992, but then de facto by the Taliban ( Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan ) in areas controlled by them since 1996 and after the 2001 overthrow of the Taliban the country was still known as the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan until 15 August 2021, when the Taliban captured the country . Pan-Islamism is a form of Internationalism and anti-nationalism within political Islam which advocates
1020-425: The state as an abstract entity distinct from the individual or group who held political power. The word dawla and its derivatives began to acquire modern connotations in the Ottoman Empire and Iran in the 16th and 17th centuries in the course of diplomatic and commercial exchanges with Europe. During the 19th century, the Arabic dawla and Turkish devlet took on all the aspects of the modern notion of state while
1054-690: The state religion to make sure any future law should not violate its basic teachings. On the whole, the state retained most of the laws that were inherited from the British legal code that had been enforced by the British Raj since the 19th century. In 1956, the elected parliament formally adopted the name Islamic Republic of Pakistan, declaring Islam as the official religion. After the fall of Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (Soviet occupation), Afghanistan has gone through several attempts to set up an Islamic state: Islamic monarchy From Misplaced Pages,
List of Muslim states and dynasties - Misplaced Pages Continue
1088-555: The unification of the Muslim world under a single Islamic state, often described as a caliphate or ummah. The most famous, powerful and aggressive modern pan-Islamic group that pursues the objective of unifying the Muslim world and establishing a worldwide caliphate is the Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist movement Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant . The Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration as of 3 August 2011 declared Islam to be
1122-407: Was perceived as a third way between the rival political systems of democracy and socialism (see also Islamic modernism ). Maududi's seminal writings on Islamic economics argued as early as 1941 against free-market capitalism and state intervention in the economy, similar to Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr 's later Our Economics written in 1961. Maududi envisioned the ideal Islamic state as combining
1156-410: Was suggested by Salman al-Farsi that it would be better if the Muslims fought the non-Muslim Arabs within Medina by building a big ditch on the northern periphery of Medina to prevent the enemies from entering Medina. This idea was later supported by the majority of the sahabah, and thereafter Muhammad also approved it. Muhammad placed great emphasis on agreement about the decision of the shura because
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