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26-524: Issy-les-Moulineaux has successfully moved its economy from an old manufacturing base to high value-added service sectors and is at the heart of the Val de Seine business district , the largest cluster of telecommunication and media businesses in France, hosting the headquarters of most major French TV networks. Issy-les-Moulineaux is a municipality located on the edge of the 15th arrondissement of Paris , along

52-456: A 1936 Avions Voisin. Six-cylinder sleeve valve engine , you know there was only six of these ever made." In actuality, the movie car is a fiberglass replica of a 1936 C-28 Avions Voisin with a 4.2 Jaguar engine and Rover automatic gear box on a 4WD chassis built by D Tessier (a well known restorer of Avions Voisin automobiles) in Tours, France . Clive Cussler (author of the novel the movie

78-467: A luxury automobile manufacturing company named Avions Voisin in 1920. Most of Voisin's manufacturing facilities were then relocated in neighboring Issy-les-Moulineaux. Avions Voisin closed its doors in 1940. The last fixed wing flight occurred in 1953, after which the aerodrome handled only helicopters; it continues to do this, with the ICAO code LFPI. It is operated by Aéroports de Paris . An immigrant

104-712: A third of the commune of Issy-les-Moulineaux was annexed to Paris, and forms now the neighborhood of Javel , in the 15th arrondissement of Paris . Issy-les-Moulineaux is home to a community of 5,000 Armenians that have established themselves in the area since the 1930s. The community has two Armenian churches, an athletic club, a school, a monument dedicated to the Armenian genocide , and a street named after Armenia called Rue d'Armenie , and Rue d'Erevan named after Armenia's capital Yerevan . Issy-les-Moulineaux became twin cities with Echmiadzin , Armenia in December 1989. In

130-762: Is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants. Since the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, Issy forms one canton: Canton of Issy-les-Moulineaux . PS (1969–1973) NC (2007–2012) UDI (since 2012) Deputy for Hauts-de-Seine's 10th constituency (1988–2001, 2002–2007, 2009–2017) General Councillor for

156-475: Is a popular telecommunications industry term for non- core services , or, in short, all services beyond standard voice calls and fax transmissions. However, it can be used in any service industry, for services available at little or no cost, to promote their primary business. In the telecommunications industry, on a conceptual level, value-added services add value to the standard service offering , spurring subscribers to use their phone more and allowing

182-541: Is served by two stations on Paris Métro Line 12 : Corentin Celton and Mairie d'Issy , two stations on Paris RER line C : Issy–Val de Seine and Issy and three stations on Île-de-France tramway Line 2 : Les Moulineaux, Jacques-Henri Lartigue and Issy–Val de Seine. Multiple RATP bus lines have stops or their arrival/departure station in the city. Multiple Vélib' and Autolib' stations allow subscribers of those services to share bicycles or electric cars. There

208-892: The Canton of Issy-les-Moulineaux-Ouest (2001–2002) Deputy mayor of Courbevoie (1971–1977) President of SEDIF (1983–present) President of the CC Arc de Seine (2003–2010) President of the surveillance council of the SGP (2010–2015) Vice-president of the Métropole du Grand Paris (2016–present) Eurosport , the Canal+ Group , Coca-Cola France, France 24 , Jet Solidaire, Microsoft France and Europe, Sodexo , Icade , Technicolor SA and Withings are based in Issy-les-Moulineaux. Issy-les-Moulineaux

234-512: The Traction Avant , the 2CV and the DS , using a lot of Gabriel's lessons. Sleeve valve (Knight) engines were used exclusively until some later models switched to Graham 3.5 litre engines. The Knight engines included: inline four ; inline six ; V8 (prototype); V12 - 7.2 liter, 1921 (prototype); inline twelve and a seven-cylinder radial (prototype). After the war the business

260-412: The mobile network operator themselves or by a third-party value-added service provider, also known as a content provider such as All Headline News or Reuters . Value-added service providers typically connect to the operator using protocols like Short message peer-to-peer protocol , connecting either directly to the short message service centre or, increasingly, to a messaging gateway that gives

286-560: The 1933 Universal Pictures film adaptation of H. G. Wells 's The Invisible Man , Dr Kemp drives a Voisin C-3 touring car . In the 1938 film Three Comrades , a 1923 Voisin C5 is owned by one of the main characters and is seen frequently. In the 2005 movie Sahara , the car stolen from the dictator is a 1936 Avions Voisin C-28. Matthew McConaughey as Dirk Pitt recognizes the car and says "It's

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312-522: The 1950 Paris Motorcycle and Bicycle Show, a voiturette intended for the impoverished age, with a front-mounted 125 cc engine from Gnome & Rhône. The aluminium-bodied vehicle had a three-speed transmission with a secondary gear and did not require a driver's license. The company failed to proceed with the Biscooter and instead mandated a Mr. Moglia, previously employed by Hotchkiss to develop an alternative voiturette. Moglia's design appeared at

338-602: The 1952 Paris Motor Show fitted with the same Gnome & Rhône engine, but on Moglia's design the engine was moved to the rear of the little vehicle. The braking and suspension systems were also quite different. The Moglia design was presented as the new "Biscooter Voisin", a nomenclature which at least one commentator found "abusive". The vehicle, renamed Biscúter , was adapted for Spanish conditions and about 12,000 were produced in Catalonia by Spanish firm Autonacional S.A. under license from Voisin between 1953 and 1960. In

364-511: The Seine: the Île Saint-Germain. Originally, Issy-les-Moulineaux was simply called Issy. The name Issy comes from Medieval Latin Issiacum or Isciacum , perhaps meaning "estate of Isicius (or Iccius)", a Gallo-Roman landowner, although some think the name comes from a Celtic radical meaning "under the wood". Local legend recounted on the city's official website mentions alternative origin of

390-588: The cooling pump. The characteristic Voisin style of 'rational' coachwork he developed in conjunction with his collaborator André Noel. Noel prioritized lightness, central weight distribution, capacious luggage boxes and distinctively angular lines. The 1930s models with underslung chassis were strikingly low. In the early 1930s, Gabriel Voisin could not pay all of his draughtsmen anymore and a young creative engineer named André Lefèbvre quit, recommended by Gabriel to Louis Renault . Lefèbvre finally entered Citroën where he led three particularly significant car projects:

416-674: The late 19th century, an expansive field in Issy had been dedicated to military exercises. This land, owned by the French Army, was made into an airfield in the 1900s during the pioneering era of aviation . Issy-les-Moulineaux soon became a hot spot for aviation in France, the most active airfield in Paris, and the site of many flight experiments. Photographers, newspaper reporters and intelligence agents from other countries gathered there to report on developments. The airfield of Issy-les-Moulineaux

442-606: The main axis between Paris and Versailles , and on the left bank of the Seine . The town is situated 7.5 kilometers southwest of the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, the central point of France's road network, and 3 kilometers from the town hall of the 15th arrondissement. It is positioned 4 kilometers east of the sub-prefecture Boulogne-Billancourt and 11 kilometers southeast of the prefecture Nanterre . Within its territory, Issy-les-Moulineaux encompasses an island in

468-577: The name arising from a temple of the Egyptian goddess Isis said to be under the site of the Church of Saint Stephen. In 1893 Issy officially became Issy-les-Moulineaux. Les Moulineaux was the name of a hamlet on the territory of the commune, apparently named Les Moulineaux due to the water mill or mills ( French : moulins à eau ) that stood there. In July 1815 the Battle of Issy was fought in and around

494-613: The operator better control of the content. Several other operators are approaching banking on possible revenue streams by building value-added services (VAS), which is generally available with rewards-based schemes. Avions Voisin Avions Voisin was a French luxury automobile brand established by Gabriel Voisin in 1919 which traded until 1939. Gabriel B. Voisin was an aviation pioneer and manufacturer who in 1919 started producing cars using Knight -type sleeve valve engines at Issy-les-Moulineaux , an industrial suburb to

520-632: The operator to drive up their average revenue per user . For mobile phones, technologies like SMS , MMS and data access were historically usually considered value-added services, but in recent years SMS, MMS and data access have more and more become core services, and VAS therefore has begun to exclude those services. Mobile VAS services can be categorized into: A distinction may also be made between standard ( peer-to-peer ) content and premium-charged content. These are called mobile value-added services (MVAS), which are often simply referred to as VAS. Value-added services are supplied either in-house by

546-616: The southwest of Paris. Former student of the Fine Arts School of Lyon and enthusiast for all things mechanical since his childhood, Voisin's uncompromisingly individual designs made extensive use of light alloys, especially aluminum. One of the company's most striking early designs was the Voisin Laboratoire Grand Prix car of 1923; one of the first cars ever to use monocoque chassis construction, and utilising small radiator-mounted propeller to drive

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572-604: The village, between Prussian and French forces. This was one of the last actions of the ' Hundred Days ' campaign and was the final attempt to defend Paris against the armies of the Seventh Coalition. The town was once the location of the Château d'Issy , destroyed in 1871, former home of the Princes of Conti . On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighboring communes. On that occasion, about

598-596: Was also a cable car project, abandoned in February 2008. The commune has 17 public preschools, 16 public elementary schools. four public junior high schools, one public senior high school, and three private schools. Junior high schools: Lycée Eugène-Ionesco is the community's public senior high school. Private schools: Issy-les-Moulineaux is twinned with: Since 2018, Issy-les-Moulineaux also has friendly relations with New Julfa (Isfahan) , Iran. Value-added service A value-added service ( VAS )

624-404: Was based on) had a genuine 1936 Avions Voisin, similar to the C-28 that inspired the replica, in his Colorado museum. The movie vehicle was designed by well-known British special effects expert and stunt vehicles coordinator, Steve Lamonby and completed in four months. To make the actors more visible, the roof was removed giving it the appearance of a mid-1930s four-door cabriolet. "GV" letters on

650-463: Was nationalised in the political turmoil and the Government installed directors who did not continue the original engineering traditions. The Voisin business was integrated into that of its principal creditor, engine supplier Gnome & Rhône which was in turn nationalised in 1945 to form the basis for what now became the state-directed SNECMA business. Voisin presented a "Biscooter Voisin" at

676-587: Was the starting point of the 1911 Paris to Madrid air race . One of the competing planes crashed into the audience during take-off, killing the French Minister of War Henri Maurice Berteaux . It hosted the trap shooting events for the 1924 Summer Olympics . The firm of Appareils d'Aviation Les Frères Voisin , the world's first commercial airplane factory (1908) which was initially located in Boulogne-Billancourt , transformed itself into

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