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64-463: Itaituba is a city and municipality located in the state of Pará , Brazil, and one of the most important socioeconomic centers in the western region of the State. Itaituba is the fifteenth largest city (by population) in the State of Pará , third largest city in the western region, and has the thirteenth largest gross domestic product in the state. The city is regarded as a medium-sized city, and one of

128-561: A boom in the regional economy. In the 1970s, Japanese farmers introduced cultivation of Hawaiian papaya and melon, for which there is international demand. The third largest ethnic Japanese community in Brazil is in Pará, with about 13,000 inhabitants (surpassed only by settlements in the states of São Paulo and Paraná). They live mainly in the cities of Tomé-Açu, Santa Izabel do Pará, and Castanhal . Italian immigrants in Pará came predominantly from

192-564: A sustainable use conservation unit created in 1998. It contains part of the Itaituba I and Itaituba II national forests, both established in 1998, which have a combined area of 610,472 hectares (1,508,510 acres). It contains part of the Jamanxim National Park , a fully protected area. It also holds part of the 538,151 hectares (1,329,800 acres) Rio Novo National Park , a conservation unit created in 2006. It contains part of

256-479: A theatre for 400 spectators, and a touristic harbour. Belém provides visitors and residents with sport activities. The Mangueirão stadium architectural project is from August 1969. In 2002, 24 years after its inauguration, Mangueirão was reinaugurated as an Olympic stadium of Pará. The visiting capacity of the stadium is at around 50,000. Mundurucu Indigenous Territory The Mundurucu Indigenous Territory ( Portuguese : Terra Indígena Mundurucu )

320-426: A total of 17.6 million tons in 2018. Pará was the largest producer in the country, with 3.8 million tons. In 2019, Pará produced 95% of açaí in Brazil. The state traded more than 1.2 million tons of the fruit, worth more than US$ 1.5 billion, about 3% of the state's GDP. In 2018, Pará was the largest Brazilian producer of pineapple , with 426 million fruits harvested on almost 19 thousand hectares. In 2017, Brazil

384-552: A tree from which a powder is produced and used as a stimulant, and annatto seeds, a fruit used for cooking, as a sunscreen and for dye extraction. Marajó – the biggest fluvial-maritime island in the world, with an area of 50,000 km (19,000 sq mi). Its territory has one of the largest mining areas in the country, in the Carajás Mountains , a mining province where the Ferro Carajás Project

448-428: A value of R$ 3 billion. In manganese , Pará produced a large part of Brazilian production (2.3 of 3.4 million tons) at a value of R$ 1 billion. In gold , Pará was the 3rd largest Brazilian producer, with 20 tons at a value of R$ 940 million. In nickel , Goiás and Pará are the only two producers in the country, with Pará being the 2nd in production, having obtained 90 thousand tons at a value of R$ 750 million. In tin , Pará

512-409: A year, in a constructed area of 33,255.17 square meters (357,955.7 sq ft). Traditionally called Val-de-Cães Airport, the airport was considered one of the 10 best in the world according to a survey carried out in 2023. The Port of Belém has restaurants, art galleries, a small brewery , ice-cream shops, artisan stands, regional food kiosks, coffee houses, a space for fairs and events,

576-577: Is soy , cultivated in the region of Santarém. Every October, Belém receives tens of thousands of tourists for the year's most important religious celebration: the procession of the Círio de Nazaré . Another important attraction of the capital is the Marajó-style ceramics, based on the vanished Marajoara culture , which developed on that very large island in the Amazon River. The state's name

640-464: Is Joaquim Caetano Corrêa, because of its pioneer work on the exploration of the tapajonic region, being even regarded as the founder of the municipally seat. Itaituba depended on the parish of Pinhel until 1853, when it was transferred to the jurisdiction of Boim. The city is located at latitude 04º16'34" S and longitude 55º59'01" W, on the left bank of the Tapajós River. It contains part of

704-704: Is a toponym of the Tupi word pará – literally " sea ", but sometimes used to refer to large rivers. The state was named after the river of the same name, the Pará River , one of the tributaries of the Amazon River . In 1500, the Spanish navigator Vicente Yáñez Pinzón was the first European to navigate the mouth of the Amazon River. On 26 August 1542, the Spaniard Francisco de Orellana reached

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768-471: Is also one of the largest Brazilian producers of coconut . In 2019, it was the 3rd largest producer in the country, with 191.8 million fruits harvested, second only to Bahia and Ceará. Pará is the 2nd largest Brazilian producer of black pepper , with 34 thousand tons harvested in 2018. The Brazil nut has always been one of the main products of extraction in Northern Brazil, with collection on

832-607: Is an indigenous territory in the state of Pará , Brazil. It is occupied by the Apiacá and Munduruku people. A proposed dam on the Tapajós river is on hold since it would flood part of the territory, and the constitution does not allow projects that would force relocation of indigenous people. The Mundurucu Indigenous Territory (TI) is divided between the municipalities of Itaituba and Jacareacanga , Para. It has an area of 2,382,000 hectares (5,890,000 acres). The territory adjoins

896-479: Is based, from Companhia Vale do Rio Doce . The complex produced 296 million metric tons of iron ore in 2007, exporting the product to many countries, among them Japan , Germany, Italy , France and Spain. Pará is the largest producer of cassava , açaí , pineapple and cocoa of Brazil and is among the largest in Brazil in the production of black pepper (2nd place), coconut (3rd place) and banana (6th place). In cassava production, Brazil produced

960-547: Is no dry season — all months have mean precipitation values of at least 60 millimetres (2.4 in). It is usually found at latitudes within five degrees of the equator — which are dominated by the Intertropical Convergence Zone . The equatorial climate is denoted Af in the Köppen climate classification . The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests and comprises

1024-550: Is occupied mainly by Munduruku but also by people of the Apiacá , Kayabí , Kayapo , Tembé and Rikbaktsa ethnic groups. Estimated population of the territory was 2,420 in 1990, 5,075 in 1995 and had risen to 6,518 by 2012. There are two indigenous organizations, the Associação Da'uk (AIP) and the Conselho Indígena Munduruku do Alto Tapajós (CIMAT). The state is represented in the territory by

1088-512: Is the largest city populated by Italians in the state. The consulate was in Recife, Pernambuco. In Belém, the Italians worked in commercial and retail services. They were important during the beginning of the industrialization of the state capital (1895). According to the 1920 census, about 1,000 Italians lived in Pará. At the end of World War II , another wave of Italian immigrants arrived after

1152-476: Is the largest component of GDP at 40.9%, followed by the industrial sector at 36.3%. Agriculture represents 22.8% of GDP (2004). Pará exports iron ore 31.1%, aluminium 22.2%, wood 13.5%, ores of aluminium 8.3%, others ores 7.9% (2002), representing 1.8% of the Brazilian economy (2005). The mining sector represents 14% of the gross domestic product ( GDP ) of the state, originated mainly from

1216-720: Is the most populous state of the North Region , with a population of over 8.6 million, being the ninth-most populous state in Brazil. It is the second-largest state of Brazil in area, at 1.2 million square kilometres (460,000 sq mi), second only to Amazonas upriver. Its most famous icons are the Amazon River and the Amazon rainforest . Pará produces rubber (extracted from rubber tree groves), cassava , açaí , pineapple , cocoa , black pepper , coconut , banana , tropical hardwoods such as mahogany , and minerals such as iron ore and bauxite . A new commodity crop

1280-502: The Amaná National Forest , a 539,571 hectares (1,333,310 acres) sustainable use conservation unit created in 2006. The municipality contains 86% of the 1,988,445 hectares (4,913,550 acres) Tapajós Environmental Protection Area , created in 2006. The climate of the region is equatorial, with an average minimum daily temperature greater than 18 °C. Itaituba has a relative humidity of the air above 80% during almost all

1344-423: The Amazon River has concurred for the settlement of Portuguese expeditionaries in the current territory of the State of Pará , and also for the expedition of Francisco Caldeira Castelo Branco which, in 1616, has founded the city of Belém . After the foundation of the captaincy of Grão Pará, the foreigners were gradually expelled by the government, by means of various expeditions which had as goal to destroy

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1408-686: The Cabanagem (1835), decreed the independence of the province of Pará. This was, along with the Ragamuffin War , the only to lift the regency period when the power was taken. Cabanagem was the only revolt led by the popular strata. Cabanagem, a popular and social revolt during the Empire of Brazil , in the Amazon region , was influenced by the French Revolution. It was mainly due to extreme poverty, hunger and disease that devastated

1472-1047: The Sai Cinza Indigenous Territory to the north and the Kayabi Indigenous Territory to the south. The Tapajós river and its tributary the Teles Pires define the north and west boundary of the territory. To the east it adjoins the Crepori National Forest and the Rio Novo National Park . The TI lies entirely in the Tapajós river basin, in the Amazon biome . Vegetation includes dense rainforest (17.27%), open rainforest (24.28%), savanna-rainforest contact (37.51%), savanna-seasonal forest contact (14.60%), as well as small area of rainforest-seasonal forest contact, savanna-pioneer formation contact, seasonal deciduous forest and savanna. The people of

1536-502: The State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro . In 1751, with the expansion to the west, the colonial state of Grão-Pará, which besides the captaincy of Grão Pará would host the captaincy of São José do Rio Negro (today the State of Amazonas ). In 1823, the Pará decided to join the independent Brazil, which had been separated during the colonial period, reporting directly to Lisbon. However, political infighting continued. The most important of them,

1600-686: The Tapajós river would affect the Munduruku , Kayabí and Apiacá indigenous people. It would flood 18,700 hectares (46,000 acres) of the Munduruku Indigenous Territory. As of 2010 Eletronorte had not applied for registration with the National Electricity Agency to start feasibility studies for the Chacorão hydroelectric power plant. A spokesman said that without change to the constitution there

1664-464: The fastest growing cities in the countryside of Brazil . The name of the city origins from Tupi (an indigenous language), which literally means gravel place . People from the city of Itaituba are known as itaitubenses . The city nickname is cidade pepita , which translates as "gold nugget city." The city is known for the intense gold mining activity in the valley of the Tapajós River ,

1728-526: The 1960s and 1970s, with the development of agricultural activities in the south of the state. From the decade of 1960s, but mainly in the 1970s, growth was accelerating with the exploitation of minerals mainly in the southeastern region of the state, as with iron extraction in the Serra dos Carajás and the Serra Pelada gold. A tropical rainforest climate is a type of tropical climate in which there

1792-588: The 2,382,000 hectares (5,890,000 acres) Mundurucu Indigenous Territory , established in 2004. The municipality also contains part of the 178,173 hectares (440,280 acres) Sawré Muybu Indigenous Territory , recognized by Funai in April 2016. The municipality contains part of the Trairão National Forest , in which logging is permitted subject to a management plan. It also contains part of the 724,965 hectares (1,791,430 acres) Altamira National Forest ,

1856-526: The 3rd largest producer (4.4 thousand tons, at a value of R$ 114 million). Pará had 42.93% of the value of commercialized mineral production in Brazil, with almost R$ 38 billion. Due to the proximity of the iron ore mines, Siderúrgica Norte Brasil (Sinobras) was created in Marabá . In 2018, the company produced 345 thousand tons of crude steel, of the 35.4 million produced in the country. Pará had in 2017 an industrial GDP of R$ 43,8 billion, equivalent to 3.7% of

1920-403: The 6th national position in the banana production. In 2018, Pará had the 5th largest cattle herd in Brazil, with 20.6 million head of cattle. The city of São Félix do Xingu is the largest in the country, with 2.2 million animals. Marabá is the 6th largest city in the country in numbers, with 1 million animals. In the ranking of the 20 main herds, Pará has seven names. Part of this is due to

1984-494: The Amazon at the beginning of the period, in the former province of Grão-Pará, which included the current Amazonian states of Pará, Amazonas , Amapá , Roraima and Rondônia . The revolt spread from 1835 until January 1840, due to the process of independence of Brazil (1822), which did not occur immediately in the province due to political irrelevance to which the region was relegated by Prince Regent Pedro I . After independence,

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2048-498: The America), as a reference to the influence of the urbanization that Paris had experienced at the time, which served as the inspiration for Antônio Lemos. During this period, for example, the city center was heavily lined with mango trees transported from India and development inspired by the model of Paris. With the decline of the two cycles of rubber (1870–1920 and 1940–1945), came a distressing economic stagnation, which stopped in

2112-625: The Fort of the Nativity ( Forte do Presépio ) in 1616, in Santa Maria de Belém do Grão-Pará (Saint Mary of Bethlehem of the Great Pará). The building was the first of the model on Amazon and the most significant in the Amazon territory until 1660. Despite the construction of fort, the occupation of territory was marked by early Dutch and English incursions in search of spices, hence the need of

2176-474: The Portuguese to fortify the area. In the 17th century, the region, integrated into the captaincy of Maranhão , was prosperous with crops and livestock. In 1616 the captaincy of Grão-Pará was created, belonging to the Portuguese colonial state of Maranhão. In the same year the state of Grão-Pará and Maranhão transferred capital to Belém , forming and attaching the captaincy of Rio Negro in 1755 by creating

2240-521: The Tapajós River, during this period. Some of these villages were "Tapajós", in 1661, "São José" (or Matapus), in 1722, "São Inácio" (or Tupinambaranas), in 1737, and Borari and Arapiuns. During the administration of the governor and captain-general Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado , the government retracted the Jesuits from these villages, and raised the Tapajós village to the category of town, with

2304-495: The ancient inhabitants of prehistory Brazil into groups according to their way of life and tools: hunter-gatherers of the coast and farmers. These groups were subsequently named by European settlers as "Indians". There are archaeological records proving the human presence in Brazil and the region of Santarém since 3000 BC. Marajó people lived in farmers' huts or houses 3,500 years ago. These people knew ceramics, dyes, natural medicinal compounds; practiced slash-and-burn (to clear

2368-491: The climate of dissatisfaction against the provincial government. After the revolt, the local economy grew rapidly during the 19th century and early 20th century by exploitation of rubber, the latex, by extracting it. At this period the Amazon experienced two distinct economic cycles with the exploitation of the same raw material. The intendant Antônio Lemos was the main character of the urban transformation that Belém experienced, which came to be known as Paris n’America (Paris in

2432-684: The country's population. Pará has attracted numerous Portuguese, Spanish, and Japanese immigrants. They have told their stories in a permanent space, the "Room Vicente Salles" of the "Memorial of the People", in Belém . The Portuguese colonists were followed by Spaniards fleeing wars and social unrest due to political disputes in the Iberian Peninsula. The Japanese have become established in agrarian communities, settling in towns such as Tomé-Açu . Portuguese explorers and missionaries settled in

2496-403: The denomination of Santarém. There were also changes in the villages of Borari and Arapiuns, in 1757, which were denominated Alter-do-Chão and Vila Franca, respectively. And, in 1758, the villages of São Inácio and São José were denominated as Boim and Pinhel. During the administration of José de Nápoles Telo de Menezes the village of Aveiro was founded. In this village was installed, in 1781,

2560-443: The events that occurred during this period, the village of Brasília Legal was founded, in 1836, as a place for resistance of the rebels, on the left bank of the Tapajós River. According to Ferreira Penna, in 1836 Itaituba was an indigenous village, belonging to the province of Grão Pará , in which a small military base was installed. Among the most relevant people associated to the foundation of Itaituba, one of remarkable importance

2624-416: The extraction of iron , bauxite , manganese , limestone and tin , as well as gold, until recently extracted from one of the largest mines of recent history: Serra Pelada . The economy of Pará is based also on the extraction of vegetation, on agriculture and cattle raising. Thanks to the rich soil and the important hydrographic basin – boats are the main means of transport in the region. Guaraná ,

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2688-524: The fact that the municipalities of Pará have gigantic territory. In 2017, in the iron ore sector, Pará was the 2nd largest national producer, with 169 million tons (of the 450 million produced by the country), at a value of R$ 25.5 billion. In copper , Pará produced almost 980 thousand tons (of the 1.28 million tons in Brazil), at a value of R$ 6.5 billion. In aluminum ( bauxite ), Pará carried out almost all Brazilian production (34.5 of 36.7 million tons) at

2752-573: The first to arrive in Pará, leaving contributions ranging from cuisine to architecture. The first Japanese immigrants who settled in the Amazon left the Port of Kobe in Japan, on July 24, 1926, and reached the city of Tomé-Açu , on 22 September of that year, with stops in Rio de Janeiro and Belém . The Japanese introduced crops such as jute and black pepper in the 1930s; jute was so successful that it drove

2816-450: The following numbers: 5,673,446 Brown ( Multiracial ) people (69.9%), 1,570,281 White people (19.3%), 793,621 Black people (9.8%), 69,180 Amerindian people (0.9%), 12,432 Asian people (0.2%). The majority of the population is mixed, due to the large indigenous population and, to a lesser amount, those with African ancestry. In the last IBGE census (2010), 817,000 Brazilians classified themselves as indigenous, about 0.26% percent of

2880-440: The forest floor. However, in recent decades, the commercial cultivation of Brazil nut was created. There are already properties with more than 1 million chestnut trees for large-scale production. The annual production averages in Brazil varied between 20 thousand and 40 thousand tons per year in 2016. In the production of cocoa , Pará has been competing with Bahia for the leadership of Brazilian production. In 2017 Pará obtained

2944-594: The land); and planted cassava. A reminder of their culture remains in Marajoara pottery, which has peculiar size and decoration. The period from 500 to 1300 was the height of the Marajoara culture. The region of the Amazon valley, by the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), was in possession of the Spanish Crown, the Portuguese expeditionaries, with the purpose of consolidating the region as Portuguese territory, founded

3008-631: The largest and most species-rich tracts of tropical rainforest in the world. Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome , and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia. As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity . More than one-third of all species in

3072-613: The leadership for the first time. In 2019, people from Pará harvested 135 thousand tons of cocoa, and Bahians harvested 130 thousand tons. Bahia's cocoa area is practically three times larger than that of Pará, but Pará's productivity is practically three times greater. Some factors that explain this are: the crops in Bahia are more extractivist, and those in Pará have a more modern and commercial style, in addition to paraenses using more productive and resistant seeds, and their region providing resistance to Witch's broom . In 2018, Pará occupied

3136-503: The months of the year. The rainy season includes the months of December to April, while the driest months are from July to October. The biggest festival in Itaituba is Our lady de Santana's Party, for padroeira of the municipal district. The festivities are during the first fortnight of July and finish with Círio's Procession, on the 26th of July, dedicated to that holy. The city is served by Itaituba Airport . Par%C3%A1 Pará

3200-571: The mouth of the Amazon River waterway, by river from Quito, Ecuador. On 28 October 1637, the Portuguese Pedro Teixeira left Belém and went to Quito: during the expedition, he placed a landmark in the confluence of the Napo and Aguarico, in the current border between Ecuador and Peru, to Portugal, and later to Brazil, getting the possession of most of the Amazon, including all of the current territory of Pará. Archaeologists divide

3264-477: The multitude of landscapes (such as the sandy river beaches that are formed during the dry seasons, and also the waterfalls located in the district of São Luiz do Tapajós), and the Amazônia National Park . The municipality will contain part of the reservoir of the proposed Jatobá Hydroelectric Power Plant on the Tapajós . The presence of Dutch, French, and English explorers in the estuary of

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3328-489: The name of the revolt). At the bottom of the rebellion, there was a mobilization of the Brazilian Empire against the reactionary forces of the province of Grão-Pará in expelling the insurgents who wanted to keep the region as a Portuguese colony or territory independent. Many of the local leaders, who resented the lack of political participation in decisions of the centralizer of the Brazil government, contributed to

3392-464: The national industry. It employs 164,989 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Extraction of metallic minerals (46,9%), Industrial Public Utility Services, such as Electricity and Water (23.4%), Construction (14.8%), Metallurgy (4.3%) and Food (4.3%). These 5 sectors concentrate 93.7% of the state's industry. Belém International Airport (BEL) is 10 km from the center of Belém. Currently it serves demand of 2.7 million passengers

3456-529: The parish of Our Lady of Conception ( Nossa Senhora da Conceição ). It is known, from the footage and historical evidence available, that the place of Itaituba already existed by the year of 1812, since it was mentioned in the travel list of Miguel João de Castro alongside the Tapajós River, as a center of exploration and trade of specialties of the High Tapajós. With the Revolution of Cabanagem and

3520-680: The persecution of Japanese, Italians, and Germans. Similar to French immigrants, this wave of Italians did not remain in Pará. Lebanese immigrants arrived in Pará in the mid-19th century, at the time of the rubber boom, and through 1914. There were between 15,000 and 25,000 Syrian-Lebanese immigrants, of whom one-third went to Acre. In Pará, the Lebanese settled in Belém, and in the cities of Cametá, Marabá , Altamira, Breves, Monte Alegre, Alenquer, Santarém, Óbidos, Soure, Maracanã, Abaetetuba, among others. The first French immigrants arrived in Brazil in

3584-448: The second half of the 19th century, settling in the colony of Benevides, the metropolitan region of Belém do Pará . The French were attracted to the region because of the rubber boom, eventually settling in Belém, which became known as Paris N'América . Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum. The service sector

3648-524: The settlements created. Among these expeditions, the one headed by captain Pedro Teixeira reached for the first time (in 1626) the Tapajós River . This expedition established a friendly contact with native people in the site currently known as Alter-do-Chão bay. In 1639, Pedro Teixeira returned to the Tapajós River , being followed the Jesuits . Several villages were founded by the Jesuits, along

3712-611: The south of Italy, originating in Calabria , Campania and Basilicata. It was a time of a wave of emigration. They were all settlers and devoted to trade. The first Italian trade was recorded in 1888 in Santarém. The immigrants planted family roots in Belém, Breves , Abaetetuba , Óbidos , Oriximiná , Santarém and Alenquer. The presence in western Pará was so pronounced that the Consulate of Italy established an office in Óbidos, which

3776-485: The state in the 17th century. In January 1616, the Portuguese captain, Francisco Caldeira Castelo Branco began the occupation of the land, founding the Fort of the Nativity, nucleus of the future state capital. Portuguese religious missions were used to establish settlements between here and the Fort St. Louis of Maranhão. Most settlers sailed up the Amazon River as travel overland was extremely arduous. The Portuguese were

3840-495: The strong Portuguese influence remained stable, giving political irrelevance in this province to the Brazilian central government. Indians, blacks, and mestizos (mostly poor class members), all named cabanos (cabins), teamed against the Regent Government and rebelled, to increase the importance of the region in Brazil's central government addressing the issue of poverty as one of the reasons. All lived in mud huts (hence

3904-492: The territory define regions in terms of rivers. The main ones are the Teles Pires River, Anipiri River, Tapajós River, Cururu River , Igarapé Wareri, Igarapé Parawadukti, Cadiriri River, Cabitutu River, das Tropas River , Kaburuá River, Igarapé Preto and Igarapé Maçaranduba. The Mundurucu Indigenous Territory was officially recognized by decree of 26 February 2004. The reservoir of the proposed Chacorão Dam on

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3968-563: The world live in the Amazon rainforest The largest biodiversity of the planet is present across the state of Pará. The largest cities by population (2016) are: According to the IBGE of 2022, there were 8,120,131 people residing in the state. The population density was 6.52 inhabitants per square kilometre (16.9/sq mi). Urbanization : 75.2% (2006); Population growth : 2.5% (1991–2000); Houses : 1,754,000 (2006). The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed

4032-658: Was no way to undertake projects in indigenous territories. In 2002 it was estimated that there were 10,065 indigenous people in the Upper Tapajós Region, in about 80 villages. However, villages are constantly being dissolved and reconstituted. The largest numbers of Munduruku live in the Mundurucu Indigenous Territory, with most of the villages along the Cururu River , a tributary of the Tapajós. The Munduruku Indigenous Territory

4096-507: Was the 3rd largest producer in the world (close to 1.5 billion fruits harvested on approximately 60 thousand hectares). It is the fifth most cultivated fruit in the country. The southeast of Pará has 85% of the state production: the cities of Floresta do Araguaia (76.45%), Conceição do Araguaia (8.42%) and Salvaterra (3.12%) led the ranking this year. Floresta do Araguaia also has the largest concentrated fruit juice industry in Brazil, exporting to European Union, United States and Mercosur. Pará

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