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37-474: The J/22 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Rod Johnstone as a one-design racer and first built in 1983. The design was initially built under contract by Tillotson Pearson for J/Boats of Newport, Rhode Island , United States , starting in 1983. It was later built by Waterline Systems in Portsmouth, Rhode Island , but that company had ceased production by 2017. The J/22

74-433: A dinghy, as well as less prone to capsize and more capable of self-righting. Sails on trailer sailers can also be lowered easily on water unlike dinghies which are often rigged fully on the shore. Trailer sailers offer a number of advantages over larger boats that are impractical to tow on a trailer. Because they can be towed and stored at home, owners can avoid the mooring fees and maintenance costs of boats that remain in

111-401: A draft of 3.80 ft (1.16 m) and is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering. The cabin is small, low and equipped with a single rectangular fixed port on each side, while the cockpit is 7 ft (2.1 m) long and is self-bailing. For sailing the design is equipped with an adjustable backstay and upper and lower shrouds . The mainsheet traveler

148-463: A habit of heeling quickly in the puffs. Under these circumstances, an alert crew shifting weight to the outer edge of the deck helped significantly." In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood wrote, "ready to race when delivered, but the J/22 can still be tuned to fit conditions ... There is a cabin into which four or five people might fit, but the J/22 is meant to be raced, not cruised. (However, in light air, it

185-496: A keelboat, the class rules allow hiking straps to be fitted. The boat is normally fitted with a small 3 to 6 hp (2 to 4 kW) outboard motor for docking and maneuvering. The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 180-183 and a Portsmouth Yardstick of 82.4. It is normally raced with a crew of three sailors . By 1994 the boat was being raced in 61 fleets worldwide and had international status. The design has an active class association that organizes competitions,

222-664: A motor for docking and maneuvering. Most trailer sailers use outboard motors , which are best suited to sailboats 28 ft in length and under. Outboards offer the advantage of being light, easy to use and maintain and are also inexpensive, as they are commercially produced on a large scale and sold off-the-shelf. They can also be raised out of the water, to eliminate drag when sailing. This contrasts with inboard diesel engines which are heavy and occupy significant internal space and are best suited to larger vessels. Outboard motors used for trailer sailers need to be geared down as trailer sailers sail at slow displacement speeds compared to

259-439: A pivoting rudder and easily rigged mast to make getting the boat from the trailer to the water easy to accomplish. It also has a beam of 7.82 ft (2.38 m), under the 8.00 ft (2.44 m) width limit for highway trailers. On the design limitations of trailerable boats with flooding water ballast, Cruising World writer Bill Lee said in 1996: The geometry required to make a trailerable flooding-ballast boat function

296-431: A portable toilet, mounted in the bow V-berth area of the cabin. Some larger boats however have an enclosed toilet. Trailer sailers, by necessity, must be transported by trailer, which places a number of restrictions on their design. To make them easy to launch, retrieve and transport by trailer, boats cannot have long fixed keels . Therefore, most trailer sailers have swing keel centreboards or daggerboards . Generally

333-433: A small four person table with club seating. Boats may or may not have a small galley with a stove, a food preparation area and a sink. In terms of headroom, the smallest types do not have sitting head room for taller sailors, while only the largest have standing headroom. Some boats address this problem using cabin pop-tops that can be raised when not underway to provide additional head room. The smallest trailer sailers in

370-491: A space between smaller trailerable sailing dinghies which are intended for day use and larger boats which can only be removed from the water with specialised equipment such as boat lifting cranes . Unlike dinghies, many feature enclosed cabins which allow for overnight sleeping and dry storage. Most trailer sailers also feature ballast , either fixed or in a swinging centreboard or dagger board to make them easier to launch and retrieve. This makes these boats more stable than

407-524: A trailer sailer should be towable behind a vehicle without special licences for oversized loads. This means that the beam is usually limited to approximately 8 ft (2.44 m) depending on jurisdiction. The practical limit for the length of such boats is 26 ft (7.92 m), although some trailer sailers such as the Robb Legg 28 or the Gougeon 32 are longer. Weight limitations are determined by

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444-423: Is a boat 25.82 ft (7.87 m) in length, but that weighs 1,650 lb (748 kg) empty and dry and carries 1,200 lb (544 kg) of flooding water ballast in tanks which are filled when the boat is launched and drained when the boat is removed from the water, thus making the boat lighter to transport than if it used more traditional iron or lead ballast. The design also has a pivoting centreboard, plus

481-459: Is a recreational keelboat , built predominantly of fiberglass over a Baltex core, with teak wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig with aluminum spars, a raked stem , a plumb transom , a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel . It displaces 1,790 lb (812 kg) and carries 700 lb (318 kg) of lead ballast. The mainsail and jib are usually equipped with windows for visibility. The boat has

518-400: Is an absence of an accepted definition of the term. Cabins in trailer sailers are usually arranged with dual purpose settee- berths running along the side of the boat from a V-berth at the bow, to quarter berths underneath the cockpit . Usually, the centreboard or daggerboard trunk encroaches into the cabin in the middle of the boat, but can form the base for a folding table. Some types have

555-615: Is limited with no cockpit coamings; crew position is generally forward of the cockpit, hanging along the weather rail in anything but very light winds, A hoist (one ton or more) is almost a necessity to launch and retrieve the J/22 from the water. This boat is mainly a day-racer, but can be overnighted successfully. There are berths for four, but if privacy is an issue, we'd recommend one very friendly couple at most." Related development Similar sailboats Trailer sailer Trailer sailers are used for both racing and recreation and are popular with small families and retirees. They occupy

592-453: Is located mid-cockpit and sheets near the boom end. The jib winches are located on the coach house roof. The rudder assembly is the same as used on the larger J/24 and the boat comes with a lifting eye for crane launching. Near the start of manufacturing in 1984 the optional equipment list included a steel sternrail and a bow pulpit, hull lifelines, bottom paint, V-berth cushions, a quarter-berth, boat trailer , and spinnaker . Unusual in

629-446: Is on a limited budget but wants a refined, good sailing, capable boat, one should consider a previously owned ... fixed-keel vessel. Most trailer sailers use a Bermuda rig with one stayed mast , a mainsail and a single foresail . Masts can be raised by attaching them to the deck and walking them up. This is practical on smaller boats with lightweight masts, but as larger boats have longer and heavier masts. On such boats, raising

666-670: Is particularly notable as it continues in production, with over 15,000 built. Trailer cabin sailboats appeared on the US market in 1970 and were sailed on small lakes and rivers. A large number were initially sold in North America in areas such as Arizona , New Mexico and the Great Lakes region. In the late 1980s and early 1990s trailer sailers evolved into sportsboats , of a similar size but more optimised for racing speed with reduced accommodation and lightweight hulls. There

703-416: Is quick and responsive-distinctly dinghy-like. The boat is fitted with the same rudder assembly as the larger J/24, which results in most positive steering, but the helm is not heavy or difficult even in heavy weather. Because the helm is so light, the boat accelerates well and scorches along downwind. On the other hand, with full main and working jib, we did find the boat a little tender going to windward, with

740-433: Is such that they are a little awkward in appearance. This is accentuated by the high freeboard and narrow beam required to meet highway trailering limits ... Such boats almost always score poorly relative to their fixed keel counterparts in both sailing performance and power to carry sail. Apart from issues of portability and low cost, the more conventional fixed-keel boats ... are superior ... in most respects. Certainly if one

777-468: Is suggested that one or more of the crew go below to reduce windage and to keep weight forward and low.)" In a 2010 review Steve Henkel wrote, "best features: Like the other J/boats, the J/22 is well built and well fitted out (Baltek-cored laminates, Harken deck fittings, Hall spars, etc.) Responsive, fast, and early-planing, built for safety with buoyancy tanks and offshore hatches, she is a very popular round-the-buoys racing class ... Worst features: Comfort

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814-530: The Silhouette , in the early 1950s. His concept was to build a small boat suitable for overnight camping, which could be trailed to different locations behind a small car. It is thought that over 3000 of this type have been built. In the mid-1950s, Richard Hartley of New Zealand designed the Hartley TS16 , a 16 ft long trailer sailer with a towing weight of 600 kilograms (1,300 lb). The TS16

851-401: The 14 feet (4.3 m) range generally have two berths. As boats become larger four berths are commonly fitted, with a V-berth at the bow and quarter berths at the rear. Larger boats might have up to six berths. Many trailer sailers have a small galley with a stove, built in, although on smaller trailer sailers, this may be omitted. Usually, trailer sailers have a head , which is most commonly

888-688: The International J/22 Class Association. The J/22 is used in the USA Women's Match Racing Championship regatta, for the Santa Maria Cup A 1984 review of the design in Canadian Yachting described it as "a fun, spritely yacht packed with performance". In assessing its performance the writer note, "with the wind a mild-mannered 12 to 18 knots and flat water, we had a whale of a ride. The J/22's helm

925-420: The advantage of using equipment that is already on the boat. A second method is to attach two poles called shear legs in an A-frame configuration with poles running from the sheer to meet above the boat. The mast can then be hauled upward using the forestay . This method requires additional equipment. A third method is to attach a pole to the winch post on the trailer and haul the mast upwards once again with

962-399: The boat rides over waves. Trailer sailers usually carry anchoring equipment. Due to their small size, the tackle is also light and can be lowered and raised by hand. Therefore power winches are unnecessary. Travel lift A travel lift or travelift (also called a boat hoist , boat gantry crane , or boat crane ) is a specialised type of crane used for lifting boats out of

999-435: The forestay, which also requires additional equipment. As the mast is being raised, it must be tensioned laterally. In many boats, the sidestays are not attached to the deck close to the axis of rotation of the mast and therefore tighten or loosen as the mast raises. The mast can be either held straight by a second person, or with temporary babystays mounted close to the masts axis of rotation. Trailer sailers usually have

1036-419: The higher planing speeds of powerboats, which are the most common application for outboard motors. Outboards are often mounted on the transom , with some boats mounting them in a well, also at the stern. Outboards may be mounted on a lifting mount, to allow them to be raised up out of the water. Long shaft outboard motors are advantageous, as they prevent the propeller from exiting the water and over-speeding when

1073-450: The limitations of trailer capacity, towing vehicle size and weight, as well as highway width limitations, most trailer sailboats are limited in size to about 22 to 26 ft (6.7 to 7.9 m) in length and beams of 8 ft (2.4 m). The first trailer sailers were built in the 1950s. They were light, marine plywood boats designed for home builders. Robert Tucker in the UK designed

1110-415: The mast by brute force requires significant strength and is beyond the abilities of smaller, frail and short-handed crews. Therefore, many designs employ mast raising systems to make the task easier. Methods vary but can be classed into three groups. One method is to use the boom as a gin pole , laying the mast on deck, with the boom at right angles. Hauling on the boom then raises the mast. This method has

1147-403: The paths so that it is positioned over the boat. The boat can then be lifted above the level of the hard stand and driven around to the place where it is to be lowered. The other method requires the travel lift to be run down a slipway with a shallow slope, until it is deep enough for the boat to be floated between the sides, the slings rigged, and the boat lifted sufficiently to be sure of clearing

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1184-405: The slipway surface when the lift is winched, driven, or towed out. Travel lifts can have a variety of lifting capacities from tens of tonnes used for small boats to well over 1000 tonnes which can be used for sizeable ships. They typically lift loads at around one metre (3.3 ft) per minute and can be driven at speeds of up to 40 metres (130 ft) per minute. Boats need to be removed from

1221-720: The towing vehicle. Smaller trailer sailers can weigh 500 kg (1,100 lb) or less and can easily be towed behind average cars, while larger, heavily ballasted trailer sailers can weigh over 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) require heavy vehicles with specialised towing equipment. Larger trailer sailers over 26 ft are difficult to tow and are sometimes kept in the water and only placed on their trailers for occasional towing or storage. Trailer sailer masts must be lowered for towing. This becomes difficult on larger boats with heavier, longer masts. Such boats require complex mast raising systems. Some sailboat designs for trailering incorporate special features. The MacGregor 26S , for example

1258-399: The two sides which can be passed under boats when either in the water or on the hard stand. Steel wire cables on winches are used to lift the boat. To remove a boat from the water, two basic methods may be used. In one, the boat is positioned in a narrow dock, or lifting well, with two paths along each side, which are at the same level as the hard stand. The travel lift can then be driven onto

1295-509: The water and transporting them around docks or marinas . These cranes allow boats with masts or tall superstructure to be transported around hard stands as the tall upper structure can pass through the open end of the crane framework before lifting and after setting down. Travel lifts typically have two rectangular side frames joined by a beam across one end. The lift is mobile with four groups of steerable wheels, one at each corner. Boats are typically lifted using straps, slung between

1332-402: The water. Towing is also a relatively fast and efficient way of reaching new destinations from which to sail. However, they generally have less living space. All but the biggest do not have standing room in their cabins. Moreover, trailer sailers are generally more lightly-built and ballasted, making them incapable of tackling open oceans, confining them to coastal and protected waters. Due to

1369-531: Was built in large numbers in New Zealand and Australia, spurring the popularity of trailer sailers in these countries. Over 12,000 boats of this type have been built. The advent of mass production fibreglass boats in the mid 1960s saw an expansion of trailer sailer designs, such as the Aquarius 21 Boomerang 20 , Cal 21 , Careel 18 , Neptune 16 , and Pearson 22. The Catalina 22 ,launched in 1969,

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