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60-438: JNES may refer to: An all-female organization associated with NXIVM , a self-improvement organization accused of racketeering. Journal of Near Eastern Studies , an American journal Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization; see Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
120-451: A Canadian actress who had been an ESP participant since 2005, said that she left NXIVM after Mack inducted her into DOS at her Albany home. Edmondson alleged that DOS participants were blindfolded naked, held down by Mack and three other women, and branded on the lower abdomen with a cauterizing pen by NXIVM-affiliated doctor Danielle Roberts. Appearing on an A&E television program about cults, Edmondson provided additional context for
180-519: A box in the basement of Nancy Salzman's home. According to the Times Union , NXIVM "developed a reputation for aggressively pursuing critics and defectors who broke from its ranks, including using litigation to punish critics of Raniere, the organization, or its training methods." The World Ethical Foundations Consortium, an organization co-founded by Raniere and the Bronfman sisters, sponsored
240-401: A chain distribution scheme". In 1998, Raniere and Nancy Salzman founded NXIVM, a personal development company offering "Executive Success Programs" (ESP) and a range of techniques for self-improvement . Raniere claimed that its "main emphasis is to have people experience more joy in their lives". In one account cited by former NXIVM member Sarah Edmondson, Raniere chose the name based on
300-527: A copyleft license, a manufacturer is obliged to provide the source code of the open source components. An instance of this was when Naomi Wu requested the GPLv2 licensed source code of the Linux Kernel branch of a smartphone vendor. A good share of consumer devices run on a modified Linux kernel , which is forked before applying device-specific changes. Android is an example of OS which makes use of
360-597: A medium-security penitentiary, followed by a transfer to his permanent prison at United States Penitentiary, Tucson . The facility in Tucson, Arizona , is noted as the sole facility in the federal prison system that is both specially-designated for sex offenders and also at maximum-security level. In a hearing on restitution claims against Raniere, criminal defense attorney Marc Fernich represented Keith Raniere and stated that Bronfman had paid his fee. Oral arguments on both Raniere and Bronfman's appeals were heard before
420-592: A multimedia player. An example of this is Xbox Media Player , which was made to allow pictures and movies to be shown on an Xbox . Some devices—most commonly open source—are built for homebrew purposes, and encourage hacking as an integral part of their existence. iOS jailbreaking was often considered illegal in the United States until a recent ruling by the U.S. Copyright Office declaring that jailbreaking an iPhone or other mobile device would no longer violate copyright law. However, simultaneously, there
480-415: A prison term of 120 years in prison and fined him $ 1.75 million. Attorneys for Keith Raniere gave notice of appeal of both his conviction and sentence on November 4, 2020. In January 2021, Raniere was transferred from Metropolitan Detention Center, Brooklyn to begin serving his 120-year sentence. The Federal Bureau of Prisons first transferred him temporarily to United States Penitentiary, Lewisburg ,
540-467: A range of serious sexual crimes, but this assertion – however unflattering – is substantially true." In May 2022, Keith Raniere sued the U.S. Department of Justice and Bureau of Prisons, alleging violation of his civil rights. Raniere sought an injunction allowing visitation and phone calls from follower Suneel Chakravorty, who he claims is a paralegal working on his appeals. The Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons and authorities at USP Tucson argued
600-453: A secret society of women whom he had sex with and branded with his initials, coercing them with the threat of releasing their highly personal information and taking their assets". On April 20, 2018, Mack was arrested and indicted on similar charges to Raniere's. According to prosecutors, after she recruited women into first NXIVM and then DOS, Mack was allegedly paid by Raniere to coerce them into engaging in sexual activity with Raniere. Mack
660-415: A shell allows the user to run commands to interact with the operating system. Typically, a root shell is aimed for, which grants administrative privileges , to let the user modify operating system files. Root access can be obtained through the use of software exploits (i.e. bugs), through the bootloader console, or over a serial port embedded in the device, such as a JTAG or UART interface. In
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#1732787985568720-517: A small set of loyal members from his prison cell, encouraging continued recruitment. Before founding NXIVM, Raniere created Consumers Buyline, a business venture that the New York Attorney General accused of having been a pyramid scheme ; Raniere signed a consent order in 1996 in which he denied any wrongdoing but agreed to pay a $ 40,000 fine and to be permanently banned from "promoting, offering or granting participation in
780-465: A smartphone. One of the reasons hacking is done is to add or unlock features in an operating system. Examples include: Another reason hacking is done is to allow unsupported operating systems to be installed. A general purpose computer has historically been open by design. However, Apple 's Apple silicon based Mac hardware is based on the ARM architecture family , making it difficult to install
840-408: A third-party operating system. There are many reasons video game consoles may be hacked. Game consoles are often restricted in a way that may disallow unofficial games to be run on it (see Video game console § Licensing ), and hacking is undertaken to allow unlicensed games to run on it, including pirated games . Another reason is to allow features to be added, such as using the console as
900-628: A visit to Albany by the Dalai Lama in 2009. The visit was initially canceled by the Dalai Lama owing to negative press about NXIVM, but was rescheduled; the Dalai Lama spoke at Albany's Palace Theatre in May 2009. In 2017, Lama Tenzin Dhonden, the self-styled "Personal Emissary for Peace for the Dalai Lama" who had arranged the appearance, was suspended from his position amid corruption charges;
960-410: Is a bootloader commonly used in embedded devices such as routers and Chromebooks. Getting information on the device's hardware and software is vital because exploits can be identified, which is subsequently used to either gain shell access, port an operating system to the device, etc. A lot of device manufacturers include open source software in their products. When the software used is licensed under
1020-504: Is a common practice that users perform to customize and modify their devices beyond what is typically possible. This activity has a long history, dating from the days of early computer, programming, and electronics hobbyists. The process of consumer electronics hacking is usually accomplished through modification of the system software, either an operating system or firmware , but hardware modifications are not uncommon. The legality of hacking consumer electronics has been challenged over
1080-685: Is ongoing prosecution against hackers of videogame consoles under anti-circumvention violations of the DMCA . A main complication, in many cases, is the profiting from selling jailbroken or rooted equipment as a value-added service. At least some accused deny these charges and claim only to be making back-ups of legally purchased games. In around 2010, the High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection encryption system, which encrypts data running between cable boxes, Blu-ray players, and other similar devices and displays
1140-405: Is stored in a mutable storage device, these files can be modified to add functionality to the operating system, or to replace it entirely. Multiple methods are used in order to successfully hack the target device, such as gaining shell access, gathering information about the device hardware and software, before using the obtained information to manipulate the operating system. Getting access to
1200-492: The New York Post reported that NXIVM had moved to Brooklyn, New York , and was being led by Clare Bronfman. On June 12, 2018, the Times Union reported that NXIVM had suspended its operations owing to "extraordinary circumstances facing the company". Bronfman was arrested on July 24 and charged with racketeering . She was released to house arrest after signing a $ 100 million bail bond . Also arrested and charged with
1260-884: The ABC newsmagazine 20/20 aired an exposé including interviews with many former NXIVM adherents, including Edmondson and Catherine Oxenberg , who alleged that her daughter, India Oxenberg , was in danger from the group. Several former members reported financial and sexual predation by NXIVM leaders. Edmondson further appeared in "Escaping NXIVM", during the first season of the CBC podcast Uncover . Seven socially prominent Mexican citizens, including Emiliano Salinas (son of former president Carlos Salinas de Gortari ) and Ana Cristina Fox (daughter of former president Vicente Fox ), Rosa Laura Junco, Loreta Garza Dávila (a business leader from Nuevo Leon ), Daniela Padilla, and Mónica Durán, have been accused of involvement. In March 2018, Raniere
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#17327879855681320-514: The Starz network documentary Seduced: Inside the NXIVM Cult . Joseph Tully, the attorney who represented Elliot, also represented Raniere in his appeals. The court dismissed the lawsuit and ordered Elliot to pay Lions Gate Entertainment's attorneys' fees and costs, finding that the documentary "impl[ied] that Plaintiff was a devoted member of an organization whose leader has been implicated in
1380-748: The United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York investigated the organization, and in 2018 brought criminal charges against Raniere and other NXIVM leaders and participants containing allegations of sex trafficking , forced labor , visa fraud , and wire fraud . All defendants except Raniere pleaded guilty. Raniere was tried in 2019. Prosecutors revealed a decades-long pattern of grooming , sexual abuse of girls and women, physical and psychological punishments against dissenters, and hacking and vexatious litigation against enemies. On June 19, 2019, Raniere
1440-700: The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit on May 3, 2022. On December 9, 2022, the federal appeals court upheld the convictions and sentences for Keith Raniere and Clare Bronfman. In 2021, Raniere supporter Marc Elliot filed a lawsuit against Lions Gate Entertainment in the United States District Court for the Central District of California , alleging that he was libelled and defamed by
1500-439: The United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York sentenced Clare Bronfman to six years and nine months in federal prison. The sentence was more severe than those recommended by guidelines, with Garaufis stating that, "Raniere and his adherents appear to understand Ms. Bronfman’s continued loyalty—even after his trial and conviction, during which all the details of his sexual abuse and exploitation became known to
1560-421: The multi-level marketing model and used curricula based on teachings ("tech") of Raniere known as "Rational Inquiry". Courses attracted a variety of notable students, including actors and children of the rich and powerful. At its height, NXIVM had 700 active members. Alarmed by Raniere's behavior and NXIVM's practices, former members and families of NXIVM clients spoke to investigative journalists and described
1620-490: The Bronfman sisters allegedly pressured Stephen Herbits, a confidant of their father, to ask Albany County District Attorney David Soares, New York Governor Eliot Spitzer , and New Jersey Attorney General Anne Milgram to begin criminal investigations into NXIVM's critics. NXIVM reportedly kept dossiers on Soares, Spitzer, political consultants Roger Stone and Steve Pigeon , U.S. Senator Chuck Schumer , and Albany Times Union publisher George Randolph Hearst III in
1680-784: The Bronfmans made on Raniere's advice. After actress Kristin Kreuk became involved with NXIVM in 2006, Salzman and her daughter Lauren, a junior NXIVM leader, went to Vancouver to recruit Kreuk's Smallville co-star Allison Mack . Lauren bonded with Mack (the two women eventually became Raniere's inner circle and his sexual partners). Kreuk, however, left NXIVM in 2013. Mack became "an enthusiastic proselytizer" for NXIVM, persuading her parents to take courses, and after wrapping production of Smallville in 2011, moved to Clifton Park, New York , to be near NXIVM's home base in Albany . In 2008,
1740-649: The COVID-19 pandemic preventing in-person visitation to the Metropolitan Detention Center, Brooklyn , Raniere's remaining followers, including actress Nicki Clyne , began assembling to dance near the jail. Though they initially claimed to be entertaining all of the detainees, they were seen with a sign addressed to "Kay Rose," a name sharing Raniere's initials. The group began calling itself "The Forgotten Ones" and "We Are As You." Former NXIVM member turned prosecution witness Mark Vicente dismissed
1800-407: The Eastern District of New York accusing Raniere and 14 associates (including Nancy Salzman , Clare Bronfman , Sara Bronfman , Lauren Salzman, Allison Mack , Kathy Russell, Karen Unterreiner, Brandon Porter, Danielle Roberts, and Nicki Clyne ) of conducting illegal psychological experiments on members of the company and abusing them physically, emotionally and financially. In summer 2020, with
1860-464: The Linux kernel. Device manufacturers often include countermeasures to hinder hardware hacking, one of which is the use of cryptography to prevent unauthorized code from being executed. For example, Nvidia graphics cards have signed firmware to prevent tampering or hacking. Whistleblower Edward Snowden showed Wired correspondent Shane Smith how to remove the cameras and microphones from
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1920-641: The MDC. In response, authorities at the MDC moved Raniere to another unit to keep the dancers out of his line of sight. A frustrated Raniere instructed his followers to help get him moved back by ingratiating themselves to prison staff, including offering coffee and donuts as they left their shifts. Ahead of his sentencing, prosecutors submitted a number of Raniere's communications and disciplinary issues in prison as evidence of remorselessness and that he continues to control his followers. The communications included Raniere instructing his followers to have Alan Dershowitz ,
1980-957: The NXIVM-affiliated news organization The Knife of Aristotle , to identify and measure media bias. Starting with reports by Frank Parlato in June 2017 and bolstered by an October 2017 article in The New York Times , details began to emerge about " DOS ", a secret society of women that started in 2015 within NXIVM in which female members were allegedly called slaves, branded with the initials of Raniere and Mack, subjected to corporal punishment from their "masters", and required to provide nude photos or other potentially damaging information about themselves as "collateral". Law enforcement representatives have alleged that DOS members were forced into sexual slavery . Sarah Edmondson ,
2040-483: The Ross Institute in the case known as NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Institute , alleging copyright infringement for publishing excerpts of content from its manual in three critical articles commissioned by cult investigator Rick Alan Ross and posted on his website. Ross posted a psychiatrist's assessment of NXIVM's "secret" manual on his website that called the regimen "expensive brainwashing ". Ross obtained
2100-417: The ancient Roman system of debt bondage known as nexum . The 2002 registration with United States Patent and Trademark Office for the NXIVM trademark states that "The foreign wording in the mark translates into English as 'the next millennium ' ". During NXIVM seminars, students would call Raniere and Salzman "Vanguard" and "Prefect", respectively. The Hollywood Reporter wrote that Raniere adopted
2160-512: The attorney who successfully negotiated a non-prosecution agreement of the late Jeffrey Epstein , speak on his behalf; Dershowitz did not comment on the matter. Prosecutors also submitted documentation that Raniere and his follower Chakravorty used a false name and " burner phone " to evade detection, with Raniere instructing Chakravorty to "get scrutiny" on Judge Nicholas Garaufis , explaining that "the judge needs to know he's being watched". On September 30, 2020, Judge Nicholas G. Garaufis of
2220-405: The case of gaining root privileges on an Android device, the process is known as rooting . On some Android devices, the bootloader is locked for security to prevent installation of other operating systems. Unlocking it is required before another OS can be installed. On Android devices, Fastboot ( Odin mode on Samsung devices) allows flashing of operating systems onto storage. Das U-Boot
2280-494: The classes), businessman Edgar Bronfman Sr. , and actresses Linda Evans , Grace Park , and Nicki Clyne . In the early 2000s, Seagram heiresses Clare and Sara Bronfman , daughters of Edgar Bronfman Sr., became attached to the organization. NXIVM claimed its training was a trade secret , subject to non-disclosure agreements , but reportedly used a technique the organization called "rational inquiry" to facilitate personal and professional development. In 2003, NXIVM sued
2340-1126: The court unsealed a second (and final) superseding indictment against Raniere and his codefendants, adding the charge that Raniere produced and kept child sexual abuse material of a girl who was 15 at the time. Later in March 2019, Lauren Salzman pleaded guilty to racketeering and racketeering conspiracy; she later testified against Raniere and received leniency. Sentencing documents for Allison Mack state that she entered proffer sessions on April 2, 2019. The government credited her for providing relevant emails, documents and recordings later used to convict Raniere. On April 8, 2019, Mack pleaded guilty to racketeering and racketeering conspiracy. Though not called to testify against Keith Raniere, prosecutors said that Mack, "was available to testify at Raniere’s trial if requested to do so." On April 19, 2019, Bronfman pleaded guilty to charges of harboring an illegal immigrant and identity fraud ; bookkeeper Kathy Russell pleaded guilty to visa fraud . The federal trial of Keith Raniere began on May 7, 2019. On June 19, 2019,
2400-444: The defunct organization split, with many speaking out against Raniere and the organization. A small number of NXIVM members continue to support Raniere and protest his innocence. Attorneys for Raniere submitted letters from 56 supporters requesting leniency for Raniere. In January 2020, Sarah Edmondson became lead plaintiff in a Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act civil suit filed in United States District Court for
2460-500: The group as a "cover movement" to support Raniere. While incarcerated, Raniere has maintained his leadership role over NXIVM, regularly communicating with his followers by phone and through TRULINCS email. A July 16, 2020, intelligence analysis memorandum from the Federal Bureau of Prisons ' Counter Terrorism Unit states that Raniere instructed his follower Suneel Chakravorty to get more women to dance "erotically" outside of
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2520-683: The group in 2014 and called Raniere "dangerous", saying, "[a]ll the worst things you know about NXIVM are true." NXIVM has been associated with several related organizations. Jness was a society aimed at women, while the Society of Protectors was aimed primarily at men. A third group was known by the acronym DOS, short for " Dominus Obsequious Sororium ", which, according to one member, means "master over slave women". In 2006, Raniere founded Rainbow Cultural Garden , an international chain of childcare organizations in which children were to be exposed to seven different languages. In 2014, Raniere founded
2580-649: The injunction should be denied because Chakravorty was not a paralegal but merely "an ardent former ESP and NXIVM coach with whom [Raniere] is banned from associating." Judge Raner Collins granted the Department of Justice's motion to dismiss the suit on grounds that Raniere failed to exhaust administrative remedies (in line with the Prison Litigation Reform Act ), and his lawyer's insufficient service of process. Hacking of consumer electronics The hacking of consumer electronics
2640-496: The investigation also revealed a personal relationship between Dhonden and Sara Bronfman, which began in 2009. NXIVM has been described as a pyramid scheme , a sex-trafficking operation, a cult, and a sex cult. In a 2010 Times Union article, former NXIVM coaches characterized students as "prey" for Raniere's sexual or gambling-related proclivities. Kristin Keeffe, a longtime partner of Raniere and mother of his child, left
2700-410: The jury convicted him of all counts. From a supplemental sentencing statement & order, filed July 20, 2021, by Judge Garaufis: The assets of NXIVM were held by Nancy Salzman, including several corporate entities and titles to intellectual property. As part of her plea agreement with the government, Salzman did not contest asset forfeiture . Following the conviction of Keith Raniere, members of
2760-467: The manual from former member Stephanie Franco, a co- defendant in the trial, who had signed a non-disclosure agreement not to divulge information from the manual to others. NXIVM filed suits in New York and New Jersey, but both were dismissed. On appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the dismissal, ruling that the defendant's critical analysis was fair use since
2820-471: The organization as a cult. In 2017, former NXIVM members revealed damaging information about Raniere and NXIVM to The New York Times ; that information included the existence of a NXIVM-connected secret society called " DOS " in which women were branded , made to record false confessions, and made to provide nude photographs for blackmail purposes. Following the New York Times exposé,
2880-467: The same crime were NXIVM President Nancy Salzman; her daughter, Lauren Salzman; and another NXIVM employee, Kathy Russell. On March 13, 2019, Nancy Salzman pleaded guilty to a charge of racketeering criminal conspiracy. She agreed, as nominal owner, not to contest forfeiture of NXIVM-related assets including real estate as well as corporations that owned Keith Raniere and NXIVM's trademark and patent portfolio. The same day as Nancy Salzman's plea,
2940-408: The secondary use was transformative as criticism and was not a potential replacement for the original on the market. In October 2003, Forbes published a critical article on NXIVM and Raniere. According to Vanity Fair , NXIVM leadership, who had spoken to Forbes , had expected a positive story. They were especially upset by remarks made by Bronfman, who told Forbes that he believed NXIVM
3000-495: The title JNES . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JNES&oldid=934676223 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages NXIVM NXIVM ( / ˈ n ɛ k s i ə m / NEK -see-əm )
3060-645: The title from the 1981 video game Vanguard , "in which the destruction of one's enemies increased one's own power". Within the organization, the reasoning for the titles was that Raniere was the leader of a philosophical movement and Salzman was his first student. By 2003, 3,700 people had taken part in ESP classes. Reported participants included businesswoman Sheila Johnson , former Surgeon General Antonia Novello , Enron executive Stephen Cooper, Ana Cristina Fox (daughter of former Mexican president Vicente Fox ), entrepreneur Richard Branson (who denied having taken
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#17327879855683120-415: The use of the "collateral" concept, saying that it was used in innocuous forms from the earliest, outermost stages of NXIVM in order to acclimate victims—for example, collateralizing small amounts of money that one might forfeit if one did not go to the gym one day. The New York Times later reported that hundreds of members left NXIVM after Edmondson went public about her experience. On December 15, 2017,
3180-585: The world." Ronald S. Sullivan Jr. , attorney for Bronfman, called the sentence "an abomination." Sullivan filed notice of appeal on October 7, 2020. Bronfman only could appeal the sentence, as she forfeited the right to appeal her conviction as part of her plea. Bronfman initially served her sentence in Federal Detention Center, Philadelphia . She is presently imprisoned at Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury . On October 27, 2020, federal judge Nicholas Garaufis sentenced Raniere to
3240-409: The years, with an example of this being the cracking of encryption keys used in High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection , where detractors have been threatened under the basis of legal action. However, some companies have encouraged hardware hacking, such as Google's Nexus and Pixel series of smartphones. Many modern consumer electronics run either an operating system or firmware . When this
3300-583: Was a cult led by Keith Raniere , who is now a convicted racketeer and sex offender . NXIVM is also the name of the defunct company that Raniere founded in 1998, which provided seminars ostensibly about human potential and served as a front organization for criminal activity by Raniere and his close associates. NXIVM was based in the New York Capital District and had centers in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The subsidiary companies of NXIVM engaged in recruitment based on
3360-427: Was a cult and that he was troubled by his daughters' "emotional and financial investment" in it. In 2006, Forbes published an article about the Bronfman sisters, stating that they had taken out a line of credit to loan NXIVM $ 2 million, repayable through personal training sessions and phone consultations with Salzman. Another Forbes article in 2010 discussed the failures of commodities and real estate deals by
3420-625: Was arrested and indicted on charges related to DOS, including sex trafficking, sex trafficking conspiracy , and conspiracy to commit forced labor . He was arrested in Mexico and held in custody in New York after appearing in federal court in Fort Worth, Texas . The indictment alleged that at least one woman was coerced into sex with Raniere, who forced DOS members to undergo the branding ritual alleged by Edmondson and others. United States Attorney Richard Donoghue stated that Raniere "created
3480-629: Was convicted on the top charge of racketeering and racketeering conspiracy as well as several other charges and was sentenced Raniere to 120 years imprisonment. Following Raniere's conviction, the Department of Justice seized ownership of NXIVM-related entities and their intellectual property through asset forfeiture . Defendants Clare Bronfman, Nancy Salzman, and Allison Mack were given lesser prison sentences, and defendants Lauren Salzman and Kathy Russell were each given non-prison sentences. Since Raniere's conviction, he has continued to direct
3540-437: Was cracked, and a copy of the master key needed to decrypt HDCP protected streams was posted on the internet. Intel , which created and now licenses HDCP technology, has stated that HDCP is sufficient to keep most users from circumventing it, but indicated that it may threaten legal action against more determined users under the DMCA . Also in around 2010, on the issue of the hacking of its then new interactive game controller
3600-590: Was further alleged to be DOS's second-in-command after Raniere. On April 24, Mack was released on $ 5 million bond pending trial and held under house arrest with her parents in California. On May 4, Raniere pleaded not guilty. Salzman's home was raided shortly after Raniere's arrest, and prosecutors stated during his arraignment that further arrests and a superseding indictment for Raniere and Mack should be expected. In late May, authorities moved to seize two NXIVM-owned properties near Albany. In April 2018,
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