22-630: (Redirected from JAF ) Jaf or JAF may refer to: Jaff (Kurdish tribe) Jaf, Iran , a village in Kermanshah Province, Iran JAF (cartoonist) , cartoonist for The Village Voice JAF (musician) , Argentine musician Jaish al-Fatah , a Syrian militant coalition in the Syrian Civil War Japan Air Self-Defense Force Japan Automobile Federation ,
44-420: A further 7,000 people were injured or suffered long-term illness. Most of the victims of the attack on the town of Halabja were Kurdish civilians. The attack is believed to have included the nerve agents Tabun , Sarin and VX , as well as mustard gas . However, according to former senior CIA analyst Stephen C. Pelletiere, Iraq did not have the nerve agent used in the attack but did have mustard gas which
66-465: A long history, as proven by excavations at nearby archaeological sites like Bakr Awa . The cemetery includes the tombs of several historical figures, such as Ahmed Mukhtar Jaff, Tayar Bag Jaff and Adila Khanim . The ancient city-kingdom of Lullubi is thought to be located below or nearby. In August 2009, three 17th century tombs were discovered in the Ababile district of the town. This suggests that
88-590: A member of the FIA JAF Japan Armwrestling Federation Japanese Anarchist Federation , an anarchist organisation active in Japan from 1946 to 1968 JavaBeans Activation Framework James A. Fitzpatrick Nuclear Generating Station James Alex Fields Jetairfly , a Belgian airline Jordanian Armed Forces Kankesanturai Airport near Jaffna, Sri Lanka Topics referred to by
110-481: A plausible contributors to poor general health and quality of life among survivors. We conclude that multidisciplinary interventions are needed to tackle the biopsychosocial complications in survivors of SM exposure to minimize further health damage in the future, as well as to promote their health-related quality of life." It is occasionally suggested that cyanide was also included among these chemical weapons, though this assertion has been cast into doubt, as cyanide
132-594: A small enclave in the period of 2000–2003. The area was overrun by Peshmerga forces from the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), with U.S. air support , at the beginning of the 2003 US invasion of Iraq . The town has remained a center of Islamism in the Kurdistan region, however. Just before Kurds gained some autonomy over the Iraqi Kurdistan region in 1991, which included Halabja, a new town
154-614: Is Sherwana Castle . The Ottoman Empire bestowed on them the name Pasha , a noble title, in the 1700s. They are the biggest Kurdish tribe in the Middle East with approximately 4 million people and they speak Babani Sorani . They ruled the Ardalan Principality until the 1860s. The Jaff tribe lives in the following cities and towns: Helebce , Kelar , Silêmanî , Ravansar , Sine , Ciwanrro , Selas-bawecanî, Kirmaşan , Xaneqîn . The West began ties with
176-669: Is a natural byproduct of impure Tabun. Before the war ended the Iraqis moved in on the ground and completely destroyed the town. In March 2010, the Iraqi High Criminal Court recognized the Halabja massacre as genocide ; the decision was welcomed by the Kurdistan Regional Government . In the mountains to the west of Halabja, a militant Kurdish Islamist group, Ansar al-Islam , occupied
198-405: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Jaff (Kurdish tribe) The Jaff tribe, most official national archives and government documents write the name as: Jaf, Al Jaf, or Aljaf. In other countries, it may also appear as Jahf, Jaaf, or Caf ( Kurdish : جاف ). Jaff is the largest Kurdish tribe in the Middle East, it is also known as
220-785: The Al-Anfal campaign of the Iraqi Government, which took place between March 1987 and May 1989, the neighborhoods Kani Ashqan and Mordana were erased in May 1987 as a reprisal for the support of the Peshmerga. But Halabja suffered much more during the Al-Anfal campaign, in which Saddam Hussein violently suppressed Kurdish revolts during the Iran–Iraq War . The Kurdish Peshmerga guerrillas, supported by Iran , captured Halabja in
242-515: The 20th century, there were many British soldiers stationed in Halabja. During World War I , Adela Khanum saved the lives of several British soldiers, resulting in the British honoring her with the title Khan Bahadur, Princess of the Brave. She was also responsible for the building of a new prison, setting up a court of justice, of which she was the first president and building a new bazaar. During
SECTION 10
#1732787950701264-527: The Jaff clan, living in the borderlands of Iran and Iraq. Their heartland is between Sulaymaniyah to Sanandaj . The tribe predominantly adheres to the Shafi'i school with many Naqshbandi and Qadiriyya followers. It is a dynasty , that originated in the year 1114 by Zaher Beg Jaff, other important leaders were Mohamed Pasha Jaff , Lady Adela , Osman Pasha Jaff and Mahmud Pasha Jaff, their ancestral home
286-472: The Jaff tribe during World War I , when Ely Bannister Soane established contact. After the war, the tribe opposed Sheikh Mahmud Barzanji , as well as Great Britain's failure to grant Kurdish autonomy in Iraq. At the beginning of the 20th century, the tribe controlled one ninth of Iraq and controlled the communication system of the country. In 1933, about 100,000 rifles were in the hands of the tribe, contrary to
308-577: The base of what is often referred to as the greater Hewraman region stretching across the Iran – Iraq border. Halabja is surrounded by Hawraman and Shnrwe range in the northeast, Balambo range in the south and Sirwan river in the west. The Kurds in the city of Halabja generally speak only the Sorani dialect of Kurdish, but some residents of the surrounding villages speak the Hewrami dialect. Halabja has
330-612: The city. On 12 November 2017 at 21:18 local time, an earthquake struck approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-southwest of Halabja. Halabja has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) with very hot summers and cool wet winters. Halabja is located in the Shahrizor plain , a fertile valley nestled in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The city's elevation
352-550: The continued lack of basic services and necessities. On the 2006 anniversary of the gas attack, violent demonstrations erupted in Halabja. An estimated 7,000 demonstrators protested against priorities in reconstruction, claiming that officials were not sincerely addressing the problems of the gas attack victims. Roadblocks were set up and the gas attack memorial museum was set afire. Police fired at protesters killing one 14-year-old boy and wounding many others. In 2008, plans were announced to construct an international airport for
374-413: The final phase of the Iran–Iraq War . At 11:00 AM, On March 16, 1988, after two days of conventional artillery attacks, Iraqi planes dropped gas canisters on the town. The town and surrounding district were attacked with bombs, artillery fire and chemical weapons , the last of which proved most devastating. At least 5,000 people died as an immediate result of the chemical attack and it is estimated that
396-477: The only 15,000 by the newly established Iraq. During this period, the tribe sedentarized. Halabja Halabja ( Kurdish : هەڵەبجە , romanized : Helebce , Arabic : حلبجة ) is a city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the capital of Halabja Governorate , located about 240 km (150 mi) northeast of Baghdad and 14 km (9 mi) from the Iranian border . The city lies at
418-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Jaf . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaf&oldid=1174154958 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
440-462: The town is somewhat older than indicated by some sources, which claim that it was built by the Ottoman Empire at about 1850. However, modern developments date from the early 20th century. The post office opened in 1924 and the first school opened the following year. The Qaysari Pasha and Hamid Bag bazaars were built-in 1932. Electricity did not reach the city until 1940. At the beginning of
462-472: Was set up where some former Kurdish refugees later relocated. The new town called Halabja Taza (or New Halabja ) today has an estimated 9,000 homes. The Kurdistan Regional Government made some concentrated reconstruction efforts after 2003 in the old town and began rebuilding some of the bombed-out homes in Halabja and paving new roads. A memorial was also constructed for the victims of the chemical attacks. However, residents of Halabja have complained about
SECTION 20
#1732787950701484-459: Was used in the Iran–Iraq War. An interdisciplinary scientific study from 2019, after more than three decades, shows that the chemical attacks on Halabja have long-term biological, psychological and social effects on the survivors. The authors, Faraidoun Moradi, Mia Söderberg, Fazil Moradi and others conclude: "The post-exposure somatic and psychosocial effects such as respiratory symptoms of CWA are
#700299