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56-595: The JCB Academy is a non-selective co-educational secondary school within the English University Technical College programme, in Rocester , Staffordshire , England. It specialises in engineering and business qualifications. The school is named after its sponsor, construction equipment manufacturer J. C. Bamford Excavators Limited . It is a registered charity under the formal name The JCB Academy Trust. The lead academic sponsor of

112-454: A high school (abbreviated as HS or H.S. ), can also be called senior high school . In some countries there are two phases to secondary education (ISCED 2) and (ISCED 3), here the junior high school , intermediate school, lower secondary school, or middle school occurs between the primary school (ISCED 1) and high school. Virtual learning environment A learning management system ( LMS ) or virtual learning environment ( VLE )

168-582: A 'work relevant' curriculum, set up the classrooms with modern industry standard equipment, then help with the staffing allowing AOTs (adults other than teachers)to help in the classroom. The sponsors had a two-day residential where they did team building and established aims and objective, defined industries potential role and started on curriculum design. All the sponsors had been involved in educational initiatives before. The JCB Academy opened in September 2010 for its first intake. The incoming students started

224-420: A 1,200 place secondary (practical specialism). and 1,850 place secondary school. The ideal size for a typical comprehensive high school is large enough to offer a variety of classes, but small enough that students develop a sense of community. Research has suggested that academic achievement is best when there are about 150 to 250 students in each grade level, and that above a total school size of 2,000 for

280-620: A focus on providing all the subjects required in an academy, though with an engineering focus, plus BTECs and 40 days a year work experience. There is a longer school day. Arts and humanities were offered as after school clubs. The sixth-form is in a separate grade 2 listed building called The Lodge. It offers a limited range of A Levels, principally in STEM subjects: Maths, Physics, Chemistry, Product Design with BTEC level 3 diploma and extended diploma in Engineering or Business. Ofsted inspected

336-628: A greater variety of classes, or sponsoring a greater number of extra-curricular activities . (Some of these benefits can also be achieved through smaller but specialized schools, such as a dedicated special school for students with disabilities or a magnet school for students with a particular subject-matter interest.) In terms of structure, organization, and relationships, larger schools tend to be more hierarchical and bureaucratic , with fewer and weaker personal connections and more rigidly defined, unvarying roles for all staff. Teachers find that large schools result in more information to process in

392-453: A passage of the Bible to students, who would send it back in full transcription. The success of the course resulted in the foundation of the phonographic correspondence society in 1843. The pioneering milestone in distance language teaching was in 1856 by Charles Toussaint and Gustav Langenscheidt , who began the first European institution of distance learning. This is the first known instance of

448-528: A passive, un-engaging experience, leading to incomplete learning and low performance". There are six major advantages of LMS which in themselves constitute the concept of LMS. The suspension of in-school learning caused by the COVID-19 pandemic started a dramatic shift in the way teachers and students at all levels interact with each other and learning materials. UNESCO estimated that as of May 25, 2020, approximately 990,324,537 learners, or  56.6% of

504-580: A range of uses, acting as a platform for online content, including courses, both asynchronous based and synchronous based. In the higher education space, an LMS may offer classroom management for instructor-led training or a flipped classroom . Modern LMSs include intelligent algorithms to make automated recommendations for courses based on a user's skill profile as well as extract metadata from learning materials to make such recommendations even more accurate. An LMS delivers and manages all types of content, including videos, courses, workshops, and documents. In

560-654: A result of which Houston University decided to hold telecast classes to their students for approximately 13–15 hours a week. The classes took place in 1953, while in 1956, Robin McKinnon Wood and Gordon Pask released the first adaptive teaching system for corporate environments SAKI. The idea of automating teaching operations also inspired the University of Illinois experts to develop their Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations (PLATO) which enabled users to exchange content regardless of their location. In

616-422: A secondary school may have a canteen, serving a set of foods to students, and storage where the equipment of a school is kept. Government accountants having read the advice then publish minimum guidelines on schools. These enable environmental modelling and establishing building costs. Future design plans are audited to ensure that these standards are met but not exceeded. Government ministries continue to press for

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672-432: A secondary school, academic achievement and the sense of school community decline substantially. Arguments in favor of smaller schools include having a shared experience of school (e.g., everyone takes the same classes, because the school is too small to offer alternatives), higher average academic achievement, and lower inequality . Arguments in favor of larger schools tend to focus on economy of scale . For example,

728-473: A similar system designed for DOS-based teaching, and devoted exclusively to business learners. An LMS can be either hosted locally or by a vendor. A vendor-hosted cloud system tends to follow a SaaS (software as a service) model. All data in a vendor-hosted system is housed by the supplier and accessed by users through the internet, on a computer or mobile device. Vendor-hosted systems are typically easier to use and require less technical expertise. An LMS that

784-561: A single basketball court could serve a school with 200 students just as well as a school with 500 students, so construction and maintenance costs, on a per-student basis, can be lower for larger schools. However, cost savings from larger schools have generally not materialized, as larger schools require more administrative support staff, and rural areas see the potential savings offset by increased transportation costs. Larger schools can also support more specialization, such as splitting students into advanced, average, and basic tracks , offering

840-599: A standard and have rich course authoring tools. There are several standards for creating and integrating complex content into an LMS, including AICC , SCORM , xAPI , and Learning Tools Interoperability. However, using SCORM or an alternative standardized course protocol is not always required and can be restrictive when used unnecessarily. Evaluation of LMSs is a complex task and significant research supports different forms of evaluation, including iterative processes where students' experiences and approaches to learning are evaluated. Both supporters and critics of LMSs recognize

896-525: A steady supply of high quality apprentices. Since Victorian Times, the United Kingdom had not been able to develop a sustainable model for Technical Education, always giving a didactic academic education a higher status than a vocational education. His privately sponsored school for 540 pupils between 14 and 19 opened under the academy program with the educational support of Staffordshire County Council . The conversion of 1761 Tutbury Mill and opening

952-537: A strict legal framework where they may be answerable to their government through local authorities and their stakeholders. In England (but necessarily in other parts of the United Kingdom) there are six general types of state-funded schools running in parallel to the private sector. The state takes an interest in safeguarding issues in all schools. All state-funded schools in England are legally required to have

1008-414: A variety of different question types such as: one/multi-line answer; multiple choice answer; ordering; free text; matching; essay; true or false/yes or no; fill in the gaps; agreement scale and offline tasks. Students' exchange of feedback both with teachers and their peers is possible through LMS. Teachers may create discussion groups to allow students feedback, share their knowledge on topics and increase

1064-618: A website where they must publish details of their governance, finance, curriculum intent and staff and pupil protection policies to comply with The School Information (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2012 and 2016 . Ofsted monitors these. School building design does not happen in isolation. The building or school campus needs to accommodate: Each country will have a different education system and priorities. Schools need to accommodate students, staff, storage, mechanical and electrical systems, support staff, ancillary staff and administration. The number of rooms required can be determined from

1120-400: Is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting, automation, and delivery of educational courses, training programs, materials or learning and development programs. The learning management system concept emerged directly from e-Learning . Learning management systems make up the largest segment of the learning system market. The first introduction of

1176-545: Is closely tied to the information quality contained within LMS modules and maintaining student self-efficacy . From the teacher perspective, a study of K-12 teachers in Finland reported high levels of acceptance for LMS technology, however, training support and developing methods for maintaining student engagement are key to long-term success. In developing nations, the transition to LMS usage faced many challenges, which included

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1232-495: Is currently used to describe a number of different educational computer applications . FirstClass by SoftArc, used by the United Kingdom's Open University in the 1990s and 2000s to deliver online learning across Europe, was one of the earliest internet-based LMSs. The first fully-featured Learning Management System (LMS) was called EKKO , developed and released by Norway's NKI Distance Education Network in 1991. Three years later, New Brunswick 's NB Learning Network presented

1288-433: Is locally hosted sees all data pertaining to the LMS hosted internally on the users′ internal servers. Locally hosted LMS software will often be open-source, meaning users will acquire (either through payment or free of charge) the LMS software and its code. With this, the user is able to modify and maintain the software through an internal team. Individuals and smaller organizations tend to stick with cloud-based systems due to

1344-572: Is usually compulsory for students at least until age 16. The organisations, buildings, and terminology are more or less unique in each country. In the ISCED 2014 education scale, levels 2 and 3 correspond to secondary education which are as follows: Within the English-speaking world, there are three widely used systems to describe the age of the child. The first is the 'equivalent ages'; then countries that base their education systems on

1400-634: The United States , most local secondary education systems have separate middle schools and high schools . In the United Kingdom , most state schools and privately funded schools accommodate pupils between the ages of 11 and 16 or between 11 and 18; some UK private schools, i.e. public schools , admit pupils between the ages of 13 and 18. Secondary schools follow on from primary schools and prepare for vocational or tertiary education . In high and middle income countries, attendance

1456-463: The 'English model' use one of two methods to identify the year group, while countries that base their systems on the 'American K–12 model' refer to their year groups as 'grades'. The Irish model is structured similarly to the English model, but differs significantly in terms of labels. This terminology extends into the research literature. Below is a comparison of some countries: Schools exist within

1512-409: The 'minimum' space and cost standards to be reduced. The UK government published this downwardly revised space formula in 2014. It said the floor area should be 1050 m (+ 350 m if there is a sixth form) + 6.3 m /pupil place for 11- to 16-year-olds + 7 m /pupil place for post-16s. The external finishes were to be downgraded to meet a build cost of £1113/m . A secondary school locally may be called

1568-499: The LMS was in the late 1990s. LMSs have been adopted by almost all higher education institutions in the English-speaking world. Learning management systems have faced a massive growth in usage due to the emphasis on remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Learning management systems were designed to identify training and learning gaps, using analytical data and reporting. LMSs are focused on online learning delivery but support

1624-517: The academy would fail. One source would be to market apprenticeship training using the onsite facilities. Having observed it from the inside, the partners had seen how complex teaching was, the barriers and difficulties created by a continually changing intrusive central government education policies. The founder partners were critical of the lack of support the UTC has received from the DfE. The academy provides

1680-410: The achievements of the students, but felt the training was over prescriptive and did not allow the students to build up creative thinking and entrepreneurship. To them an in-house apprentice training programme was a better funded option. They were concerned about the paucity of government funding to secondary schools and to engineering classes in particular, they suggested that without some external income

1736-496: The apprenticeship training for JCB and others. In 2019 it was rated good by Ofsted on the training and skills agenda. The school has learning areas, 12 full-size engineering workshops, break-out areas for relaxation and private study, and a sixth form common-room area. It has also sports facilities and an activity studio. Much of the learning is via virtual learning environment (VLE): students are provided with laptops . A UTC's curriculum differs from standard secondary school, with

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1792-431: The communication of learning objectives, and organize learning timelines. An LMS perk is that it delivers learning content and tools straight to learners, and assessment can be automated. It can also reach marginalized groups through special settings. Such systems have built-in customizable features including assessment and tracking. Thus, learners can see in real time their progress and instructors can monitor and communicate

1848-528: The cost of internal hosting and maintenance. There are a variety of integration strategies for embedding content into LMSs, including AICC, xAPI (also called 'Tin Can'), SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) and LTI ( Learning Tools Interoperability ). Through an LMS, teachers may create and integrate course materials, articulate learning goals, align content and assessments, track studying progress, and create customized tests for students. An LMS allows

1904-484: The development of the LMS. The first known document of correspondence teaching dates back to 1723, through the advertisement in the Boston Gazette of Caleb Phillips, professor of shorthand , offering teaching materials and tutorials. The first testimony of a bi-directional communication organized correspondence course comes from England, in 1840, when Isaac Pitman initiated a shorthand course, wherein he sent

1960-486: The education and higher education markets, an LMS will include a variety of functionality that is similar to corporate but will have features such as rubrics, teacher and instructor-facilitated learning, a discussion board, and often the use of a syllabus. A syllabus is rarely a feature in the corporate LMS, although courses may start with a heading-level index to give learners an overview of topics covered. There are several historical phases of distance education that preceded

2016-442: The education has to fulfill the needs of: students, teachers, non-teaching support staff, administrators and the community. It has to meet general government building guidelines, health requirements, minimal functional requirements for classrooms, toilets and showers, electricity and services, preparation and storage of textbooks and basic teaching aids. An optimum secondary school will meet the minimum conditions and will have: Also,

2072-1075: The effectiveness of learning. One of the most important features of LMS is trying to create a streamline communication between learners and instructors. Such systems, besides facilitating online learning, tracking learning progress, providing digital learning tools, managing communication, and maybe selling content, may be used to provide different communication features. Learning management systems may be used to create professionally structured course content. The teacher can add text, images, videos, pdfs, tables, links and text formatting, interactive tests, slideshows, etc. Moreover, they can create different types of users, such as teachers, students, parents, visitors and editors (hierarchies). It helps control which content students can access, track studying progress and engage students with contact tools. Teachers can manage courses and modules, enroll students or set up self-enrollment. An LMS can enable instructors to create automated assessments and assignments for learners, which are accessible and submitted online. Most platforms allow

2128-534: The first teaching machine which offered multiple types of practical exercises and question formats. Nine years later, University of Alberta 's Professor M.E. Zerte transformed this machine into a problem cylinder able to compare problems and solutions. This, in a sense, was "multimedia", because it made use of several media formats to reach students and provide instruction. Later, printed materials would be joined by telephone, radio broadcasts, TV broadcasts, audio, and videotapes. The earliest networked learning system

2184-441: The importance of developing 21st century skills ; however, the controversy lies in whether or not they are practical for both teachers and students. In one study, an LMS led to a reported higher computer self-efficacy , while participants reported being less satisfied with the learning process that is achieved in the LMS. A study among Indian students has suggested that a negative experience with an LMS can leave "the learner with

2240-815: The interaction in course. Students' feedback is an instrument which help teachers to improve their work, helps identify what to add or remove from a course, and ensures students feel comfortable and included. Students can either learn asynchronously (on demand, self-paced) through course content such as pre-recorded videos, PDF, SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model), discussion forums or they can undertake synchronous learning utilizing video conference communication, live discussions and chats. Learning management systems will often incorporate dashboards to track student or user progress. They can then report on key items such as completion rates, attendance data and success likelihood. Utilising these metrics can help facilitators better understand gaps in user knowledge. In

2296-410: The larger environment (e.g., announcements about 100 programs instead of just 10) and that as individuals they form fewer relationships with teachers outside of their primary subject area. Smaller schools have less social isolation and more engagement. These effects cannot be entirely overcome through implementation of a house system or " school within a school " programs. The building providing

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2352-776: The period between 1970 and 1980, educational venues were rapidly considering the idea of computerizing courses, including the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute from California which introduced the first accredited online-taught degree. The history of the application of computers to education is filled with broadly descriptive terms such as computer-managed instruction (CMI), and integrated learning systems (ILS), computer-based instruction (CBI), computer-assisted instruction (CAI), and computer-assisted learning (CAL). These terms describe drill-and-practice programs, more sophisticated tutorials, and more individualized instruction, respectively. The term

2408-508: The picture was different, with Moodle having over 50% of the market share in Europe, Latin America, and Oceania. Many users of LMSs use an authoring tool to create content, which is then hosted on an LMS. In some cases, LMSs that do use a standard include a primitive authoring tool for basic content manipulation. More modern systems, in particular SaaS solutions have decided not to adopt

2464-427: The predicted roll of the school and the area needed. According to standards used in the United Kingdom, a general classroom for 30 students needs to be 55 m , or more generously 62 m . A general art room for 30 students needs to be 83 m , but 104 m for 3D textile work. A drama studio or a specialist science laboratory for 30 needs to be 90 m . Examples are given on how this can be configured for

2520-468: The relatively new LMS market, commercial providers for corporate applications and education range from new entrants to those that entered the market in 1990. In addition to commercial packages, many open-source solutions are available. In the U.S. higher education market as of year end 2023, the top LMSs by a number of institutions were Instructure's Canvas (47%), D2L's Brightspace (19%), Anthology's Blackboard Learn (18%), and Moodle (11%). Worldwide,

2576-410: The school cost £20 million. Bamford's ideas were in tune with government thinking - the academy was established with the support of senior business leaders adding their names as sponsors. Harper Adams , the agricultural college, that had recently been given university status agreed to become their University Sponsor. In 2013, the academy was reopened as a university technical college . The government

2632-415: The school in 2018 and rated it 'Good'. "Pupils at key stage 4 make strong progress in a range of subjects from their low starting points. Outcomes in 2018, for example, showed further improved outcomes, particularly in English and mathematics." They go on to appropriate education or take advantage of school's close link with a wide range business partners, and take up career opportunities there. Attainment in

2688-581: The school is Harper Adams University , and the school is also supported by the Royal Academy of Engineering . Sir Anthony Bamford remains influential. The JCB Academy was the first of the new technical schools to open in the UK, opening in September 2010 in the converted and refurbished Arkwright Mill in Rocester, Staffordshire. Bamford had an historic interest in technical education. His company needed

2744-429: The setting of the curriculum suitable for Key Stage 4 youngsters. There are partnerships with Toyota, Fujitsu, JCB, Bosch Rexroth, and Barclays Bank. The partnerships were formed at a senior level with companies and a university that had significant dealings with Bamford and JCB. The companies designed the 'challenges' being allowed to select a field where they were strong. The teaching staff helped then understand what

2800-493: The sixth form has historically been relatively weak and remained below national averages for 2017 and 2018, particularly in mathematics with better outcomes in engineering and business. A new sixth-form curriculum has been introduced where the courses are matched to the students abilities, needs and future target career. Ofsted inspected the Apprentice School in 2019 and rated it 'Good'. Secondary school In

2856-486: The total enrolled students have been affected by COVID-19 related school closures. In many countries, online education through the use of Learning Management Systems became the focal point of teaching and learning. For example, statistics taken from a university’s LMS during the initial school closure period (March to June 2020) indicate that student submissions and activity nearly doubled from pre-pandemic usage levels. Student satisfaction with LMS usage during this period

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2912-419: The use of materials for independent language study. The concept of e-learning began developing in the early 20th century, marked by the appearance of audio-video communication systems used for remote teaching. In 1909, E.M. Forster published his story 'The Machine Stops' and explained the benefits of using audio communication to deliver lectures to remote audiences. In 1924, Sidney L. Pressey developed

2968-570: The year on a residential team building course at Harper Adams. Here they were inducted into workshop safety. JCB made a significant contribution to the setting up of the UTC: both financially to building and to setting up the workshops with industry standard equipment and overseeing the startup. This was the first UTC so there were no precedents. It employs teachers and engineering mentors who need training on teaching techniques. It has persuaded other internationally known companies to join, and to cooperate on

3024-490: Was aware that a large number of children and young people were underachieving against their benchmark test, or dropping out of school completely. The political assumption was these children hated schools because teachers were failing, schools were failing and what was needed was more discipline and rigour. People in industry, with top academic degrees would be able to sort out the schools and get good A levels where teachers had failed. The industrial partners would start by designing

3080-503: Was feasible, then integrated the topic into the academic syllabus so it complied with the National Curriculum requirements. Toyota donated its Quality Assurance System and Process Control so the procedures used by the youngsters are exactly the same as within the firm. The partners did not find the partnership financially onerous, but it did occupy a lot of staff time. Having observed the school closely they were impressed by

3136-501: Was the Plato Learning Management system (PLM) developed in the 1970s by Control Data Corporation. In the 1980s, modern telecommunications started to be used in education. Computers became prominent in the daily use of higher education institutions, as well as instruments to student learning. Computer-aided teaching aimed to integrate technical and educational means. The trend then shifted to video communication, as

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