106-603: Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata (29 July 1904 – 29 November 1993) was an Indian industrialist, philanthropist, aviator and former chairman of Tata Group . Born into the Tata family of India, he was the son of noted businessman Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata and his wife Suzanne Brière . He is best known for being the founder of several industries under the Tata Group, including Tata Consultancy Services , Tata Motors , Titan Industries , Tata Salt , Voltas and Air India . In 1982, he
212-649: A Voisin biplane . De Lambert got as far as establishing a base at Wissant , near Calais, but Seymour did nothing beyond submitting his entry to the Daily Mail . Lord Northcliffe , who had befriended Wilbur Wright during his sensational 1908 public demonstrations in France, had offered the prize hoping that Wilbur would win. Wilbur wanted to make an attempt and cabled brother Orville in the United States. Orville, then recuperating from serious injuries sustained in
318-619: A British company would have more chance to sell his models to the British government, in 1915, he set up the Blériot Manufacturing Aircraft Company Ltd. The hoped for orders did not follow, as the Blériot design was seen as outdated. Following an unresolved conflict over control of the company, it was wound up on 24 July 1916. Even before the closure of this company Blériot was planning a new venture in
424-597: A celebrity. The Blériot Memorial , the outline of the aircraft laid out in granite setts in the turf (funded by oil manufacturer Alexander Duckham ), marks his landing spot above the cliffs near Dover Castle . 51°07′52″N 1°19′34″E / 51.1312°N 1.326°E / 51.1312; 1.326 . The aircraft which was used in the crossing is now preserved in the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris. Blériot's success brought about an immediate transformation of
530-578: A century later on 26 July 1988, when he left, Tata Sons was a conglomerate of 95 enterprises which they either started or in which they had controlling interest. He was the trustee of the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust from its inception in 1932 for over half a century. Under his guidance, this Trust established Asia's first cancer facility, the Tata Memorial Centre for Cancer, Research and Treatment, Bombay in 1941. He also founded
636-587: A combined market capitalisation of ₹33.7 trillion (US$ 403 billion) as of 20 August 2024. Major affiliates include Tata Consultancy Services , Tata Motors , Tata Steel , Tata Power , Titan , Tata Projects , Air India , Indian Hotels Company , Tata Consumer Products , Voltas , Trent , Cromā and BigBasket . Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata was born in 1839. Tata graduated from Elphinstone College in Bombay in 1858. Shortly afterwards, he joined his father's trading firm that dealt in general merchandise. There,
742-628: A crash, replied telling him not to make the Channel attempt until he could come to France and assist. Also Wilbur had already amassed a fortune in prize money for altitude and duration flights and had secured sales contracts for the Wright Flyer with the French, Italians, British and Germans; his tour in Europe was essentially complete by the summer of 1909. Both brothers saw the Channel reward of only
848-477: A distance of 220 m (720 ft), winning the Aéro Club de France prize for the first flight of over 100 metres. This also took place at Bagatelle, and was witnessed by Blériot. The partnership with Voisin was dissolved and Blériot established his own business, Recherches Aéronautiques Louis Blériot , where he started creating his own aircraft, experimenting with various configurations and eventually creating
954-426: A flight of 150 m (490 ft). On 6 August he managed to reach an altitude of 12 m (39 ft), but one of the blades of the propeller worked loose, resulting in a heavy landing which damaged the aircraft. He then fitted a 50 hp (37 kW) V-16 Antoinette engine. Tests on 17 September showed a startling improvement in performance: the aircraft quickly reached an altitude of 25 m (82 ft), when
1060-410: A form of population control , Tata built on these efforts by ordering Tata Steel to open nine family planning centers in 1984. Employees and their non-employee partners were compensated for undergoing sterilization, and factory plant departments were awarded for achieving the lowest fertility rate. While such incentives arguably violated the medical ethics principle of personal bodily autonomy , Tata
1166-472: A number of other speed records before being lost in an accident shortly after takeoff from Paris, not long after setting yet another speed record, winning the Harmon Trophy for a record-setting flight between New York City and Paris, France . This flight was 3,626.46 miles in 3 hours, 19 minutes, 58 seconds, for an average of 1,089.36 mph. The Blériot Trophy winning crew took over the aircraft for
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#17327931096801272-647: A photo opportunity in Paris. In 1934, Blériot visited Newark Airport in New Jersey and predicted commercial overseas flights by 1938. Blériot remained active in the aviation business until his death on 1 August 1936 in Paris due to a heart attack . After a funeral with full military honours at Les Invalides he was buried in the Cimetière des Gonards in Versailles . In 1930, Blériot himself instituted
1378-637: A position he retained for 25 years. For his crowning achievements in aviation, he was bestowed with the title of Honorary Air Commodore of India. Tata cared greatly for his workers. In 1956, he initiated a programme of closer 'employee association with management' to give workers a stronger voice in the affairs of the company. He firmly believed in employee welfare and espoused the principles of an eight-hour working day, free medical aid, workers' provident scheme, and workmen's accident compensation schemes, which were later, adopted as statutory requirements in India. He
1484-483: A round trip from Toury to Arteny and back, a total distance of 28 km (17 mi). This was not the first cross-country flight by a narrow margin, since Henri Farman had flown from Bouy to Rheims the preceding day. Four days later, the aircraft was destroyed in a taxiing accident. Three of his aircraft were displayed at the first Paris Aero Salon, held at the end of December: the Blériot IX monoplane;
1590-557: A sophisticated laminated walnut propeller. The combination of a reliable engine and an efficient propeller contributed greatly to the success of the Type XI. This was shortly followed by the Blériot XII , a high-wing two-seater monoplane first flown on 21 May, and for a while Blériot concentrated on flying this machine, flying it with a passenger on 2 July, and on 12 July making the world's first flight with two passengers, one of whom
1696-532: A special radio link for the occasion, with one station on Cap Blanc Nez near Sangatte and the other on the roof of the Lord Warden Hotel in Dover. The crowds were in for a wait: the weather was windy, and Latham did not make an attempt until 19 July, but 6 miles (9.7 km) from his destination his aircraft developed engine trouble and was forced to make the world's first landing of an aircraft on
1802-486: A successful U-turn. This was the most impressive achievement to date of any of the French pioneer aviators, causing Patrick Alexander to write to Major Baden Baden-Powell , president of the Royal Aeronautical Society, "I got back from Paris last night. I think Blériot with his new machine is leading the way". Two more successful flights were made on 18 December, but the undercarriage collapsed after
1908-569: A term of compulsory military service, and spent a year as a sub-lieutenant in the 24th Artillery Regiment, stationed in Tarbes in the Pyrenees . He later got a job with Baguès , an electrical engineering company in Paris. He left the company after developing the world's first practical headlamp for automobiles, using a compact integral acetylene generator. In 1897, Blériot opened a showroom for headlamps at 41 rue de Richlieu in Paris. The business
2014-490: A thousand pounds as insignificant considering the dangers of the flight. Latham arrived in Calais in early July, and set up his base at Sangatte in the semi-derelict buildings which had been constructed for an 1881 attempt to dig a tunnel under the Channel . The event was the subject of great public interest; it was reported that there were 10,000 visitors at Calais and a similar crowd at Dover . The Marconi Company set up
2120-485: A waiter secured her identity; she was Alice Védères, the daughter of a retired army officer. Blériot set about courting her with the same determination that he later brought to his aviation experiments, and on 21 February 1901 the couple were married. Blériot had become interested in aviation while at the Ecole Centrale, but his serious experimentation was probably sparked by seeing Clément Ader 's Avion III at
2226-588: A world-class learning institution, and a hydroelectric plant . During his lifetime, in 1903, the Taj Mahal Hotel at Colaba waterfront was opened making it the first hotel with electricity in British India. After Jamsetji's death, his older son Dorabji Tata became the chairman in 1904. Sir Dorabji established the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO), now known as Tata Steel in 1907. Marking
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#17327931096802332-482: A year. In between grammar school and his time in the army, he spent a brief spell at home in Bombay. After joining the French Army he was posted into a regiment of spahis . Upon discovering Tata could not only read and write French and English, but could type as well, a colonel had him assigned as a secretary in his office. After his time in the French Army, his father decided to bring him back to India and he joined
2438-497: Is a new animal welfare effort that Ratan Tata has started. This hospital, which is scheduled to open in March 2024 , will be an innovative facility committed to provide modern medical care for pets, including dogs, cats, and rabbits. Ratan Tata is personally passionate about the idea, which was sparked by his own pet-related experiences. Most of the philanthropic activities of the group are carried out by various trusts incorporated by
2544-524: Is quoted to have told a reporter of the Times , "things had gone too far. You can't imagine what we've been through here—strikes, boycotts, demonstrations. Why, there were days I couldn't walk out of my house into the streets. The parliamentary system is not suited to our needs." Tata received a number of awards. He was conferred the honorary rank of group captain by the Indian Air Force in 1948,
2650-590: The Daily Mail of his intention to make an attempt to win the thousand-pound prize offered by the paper for a successful crossing of the English Channel in a heavier-than-air aircraft. The Daily Mail prize was first announced in October 1908, with a prize of £500 being offered for a flight made before the end of the year. When 1908 passed with no serious attempt being made, the offer was renewed for
2756-430: The 1900 Exposition Universelle . By then his headlamp business was doing well enough for Blériot to be able to devote both time and money to experimentation. His first experiments were with a series of ornithopters , which were unsuccessful. In April 1905, Blériot met Gabriel Voisin , who was then employed by Ernest Archdeacon to assist with his experimental gliders. Blériot was a spectator at Voisin's first trials of
2862-543: The Blériot Trophy , a one-time award which would be awarded to the first aircrew to sustain an average speed of over 2,000 kilometers per hour (1,242.742 miles per hour ) over one half of an hour, an extremely ambitious and prophetic target in an era when the fastest aircraft were just breaking the 200 mph mark. The award was finally presented slightly more than three decades later by Alice Védères Blériot, widow of Louis Blériot, at Paris, France , 27 May 1961, to
2968-592: The Blériot X , a three-seat pusher biplane; and the Blériot XI , which went on to be his most successful model. The first two of the designs, which used Antoinette engines, never flew, possibly because at this time, Blériot severed his connection with the Antoinette company because the company had begun to design and construct aircraft as well as engines, presenting Blériot with a conflict of interests. The Type XI
3074-463: The Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy . In 2008, Tata Group donated US$ 50 million to Cornell University for "agricultural and nutrition programs in India and for the education of Indian students at Cornell." In 2010, Tata Group donated INR 2.20 billion (US$ 50 million) to Harvard Business School to build an academic and a residential building for executive education programmers on
3180-898: The Daniel Guggenheim Medal in 1988. He received the Padma Vibhushan in 1955. The French Legion of Honour was bestowed on him in 1983. In 1992, because of his selfless humanitarian endeavours, Tata was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna . In his memory, the Government of Maharashtra named its first double-decker bridge the Bharatratna JRD Tata Overbridge at Nasik Phata, Pimpri Chinchwad . Following Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's 1975-1977 Emergency , in which she controversially pursued forced sterilizations as
3286-794: The Fourth Industrial Revolution , including cognitive systems and autonomous vehicles. In 2017, the Tata Football Academy won the bid to form the Jamshedpur FC , a football club based on Jamshedpur of Jharkhand in the 4th edition of the Indian Super League . In 2020, Tata Group has donated INR 15 billion to PM Cares Fund to fight against COVID-19 pandemic in India. In 2024, The Tata Trusts Small Animal Hospital in Mumbai
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3392-646: The Kannan Devan Hill (Resumption of Lands) Act, 1971, and there was a shortage of 278.23 hectares (2.7823 km ) in that. The Chief Minister of Kerala V.S. Achuthanandan , who vowed to evict all on government land in Munnar, formed a special squad for the Munnar land takeover mission and started acquiring back properties. However, the mission was aborted due to both influential landholders and opposition from Achuthanandan's own party. On 2 January 2006, Kalinganagar , Tribal Orissa villagers protested against
3498-446: The destroyer Escopette , which was to escort the flight. At 4:15 am, 25 July, watched by an excited crowd, Blériot made a short trial flight in his Type XI , and then, on a signal that the sun had risen (the competition rules required a flight between sunrise and sunset), he took off at 4:41 to attempt the crossing. Flying at approximately 45 mph (72 km/h) and an altitude of about 250 ft (76 m), he set off across
3604-1002: The Award to $ 420 million; the company states that the judgement is also being appealed, as "not supported by evidence presented during the trial and a strong appeal can be made to superior court to fully set aside the jury verdict.” In July 2018, the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), which "adjudicates issues relating to Indian companies," issued a verdict in the company's favor on charges of mismanagement leveled in 2016 by ousted chairman, Cyrus Mistry . 70. ^ Small Animal Hospital Mumbai (SAHM) Louis Bl%C3%A9riot Louis Charles Joseph Blériot ( / ˈ b l ɛr i oʊ / BLERR -ee-oh , also US : / ˈ b l eɪ r i oʊ , ˌ b l eɪ r i ˈ oʊ , b l ɛər ˈ j oʊ / BLAY -ree-oh, - OH , blair- YOH , French: [lwi ʃaʁl ʒozɛf bleʁjo] ; 1 July 1872 – 1 August 1936)
3710-488: The Channel in his Type XI monoplane, had three rivals for the prize, the most serious being Hubert Latham , a French national of English extraction flying an Antoinette IV monoplane. He was favoured by both the United Kingdom and France to win. The others were Charles de Lambert , a Russian aristocrat with French ancestry, and one of Wilbur Wright 's pupils, and Arthur Seymour, an Englishman who reputedly owned
3816-524: The Channel. Not having a compass , Blériot took his course from the Escopette , which was heading for Dover, but he soon overtook the ship. The visibility deteriorated, and he later said, "for more than 10 minutes I was alone, isolated, lost in the midst of the immense sea, and I did not see anything on the horizon or a single ship". The grey line of the English coast, however, came into sight on his left;
3922-691: The French Army from February 1912 after accidents to four Blériots, but lifted it after trials in May supported Blériot's analysis of the problem and led to a strengthening of the landing wires . The brief but influential ban on the use of monoplanes by the Military Wing (though not the Naval Wing) in the UK was triggered by accidents to other manufacturer's aircraft; Blériots were not involved. Along with five other European aircraft builders, from 1910, Blériot
4028-479: The Gahirmatha Sanctuary and Bhitarkanika National Park by Indian and international organisations, including Greenpeace ; Gahirmatha Beach is one of the world's largest mass nesting sites for the olive ridley turtle , and India's second largest mangrove forest, Bhitarkanika , is a designated Ramsar site , and critics claimed that the port could disrupt mass nesting at Gahirmtha beaches as well as
4134-525: The Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act and purchased a majority stake in the carrier from Tata Sons , though JRD Tata would continue as chairman till 1977. In 1945, Tata Motors was founded, first focused on locomotives. In 1954, it entered the commercial vehicle market after forming a joint venture with Daimler-Benz . In 1968, Tata Consultancy Services was founded. In 1991, Ratan Tata became chairman of Tata Group. This
4240-654: The McDermott Library of the United States Air Force Academy , Colorado Springs , Colorado , USA. In 1936 the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale established the " Louis Blériot medal " in his honor. The medal may be awarded up to three times a year to record setters in speed, altitude and distance categories in light aircraft, and is still being awarded. In 1967 Blériot was inducted into
4346-977: The Nano project. On 31 August 2016, in a historic judgement, the Honorable Supreme Court of India set aside the land acquisition by the West Bengal Government in 2006 that had facilitated Tata Motors' Nano plant, stating that the West Bengal government had not taken possession of the land legally, and were now required to repossess and return it to local farmers within 12 weeks without compensation. The Port of Dhamara has received significant coverage, sparking controversy in India, and in Tata's emerging global markets. The Dhamra port, an equal joint venture between Tata Steel and Larsen & Toubro , has been criticised for its proximity to
J. R. D. Tata - Misplaced Pages Continue
4452-487: The Tata Company. In 1929, Tata renounced his French citizenship and became an Indian citizen . In 1930 Tata married Thelma Vicaji, the niece of Jack Vicaji, a colourful lawyer whom he hired to defend him on a charge of driving his Bugatti too fast along Bombay's main promenade, Marine Drive . Previously he had been engaged to Dinbai Mehta, the future mother of The Economist editor Shapur Kharegat . While he
4558-654: The Tata Institute of Social Sciences ( TISS , 1936), the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research ( TIFR , 1945), and the National Center for Performing Arts. In 1945, he founded Tata Motors . In 1948, Tata launched Air India International as India's first international airline. In 1953, the Indian Government appointed Tata as Chairman of Air India and a director on the Board of Indian Airlines –
4664-709: The UK. Initially named Blériot and SPAD Ltd and based in Addlestone , it became the Air Navigation and Engineering Company (ANEC) in May 1918. ANEC survived in a difficult aviation climate until late 1926, producing Blériot-Whippet cars, the Blériot 500cc motorcycle, as well as several light aircraft. In 1927, Blériot, long retired from flying, was present to welcome Charles Lindbergh when he landed at Le Bourget field completing his transatlantic flight. The two men, separated in age by 30 years, had each made history by crossing significant bodies of water, and shared
4770-479: The age of 43 while his father was in India and his family was in France. After his mother's death, Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata decided to move his family to India and sent J. R. D. to England for higher studies in October 1923. He was enrolled in a grammar school , and was interested in studying engineering at Cambridge University . However, as a citizen of France J. R. D. had to enlist in the French army for at least
4876-489: The aircraft, concentrating on his next machine. This, the Blériot VII , was a monoplane with tail surfaces arranged in what has become, apart from its use of differential elevators movement for lateral control, the modern conventional layout. This aircraft, which first flew on 16 November 1907, has been recognised as the first successful monoplane. On 6 December Blériot managed two flights of over 500 metres, including
4982-584: The assets of the Tata Group grew from US$ 101 million to over US$ 5 billion. Starting with 14 enterprises, upon his departure half a century later in 1988, Tata Sons had grown to a conglomerate of 95 enterprises. These enterprises consisted of ventures that the company had either started or in which they held a controlling interest. New sectors such as chemicals, technology, cosmetics, marketing, engineering, manufacturing, tea, and software services earned them recognition. In 1932, JRD founded an airline, known as Tata Air Services (later renamed Tata Airlines). In 1953,
5088-411: The cliffs. Once over land, Blériot circled twice to lose height, and cut his engine at an altitude of about 20 m (66 ft), making a heavy "pancake" landing due to the gusty wind conditions; the undercarriage was damaged and one blade of the propeller was shattered, but Blériot was unhurt. The flight had taken 36 minutes and 30 seconds. News of his departure had been sent by radio to Dover, but it
5194-412: The company financially liable to the worker for any mishap on the way to and from work. In 1987, he founded Titan Industries . Jamshedpur was also selected as a UN Global Compact City because of the quality of life, conditions of sanitation, roads and welfare that were offered by Tata Steel. Tata was also supportive of the declaration of emergency powers by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi , in 1975. He
5300-408: The construction of a new steel plant for Tata Steel on land historically owned by them. Some of the villagers had been evicted without adequate relocation. Police retribution was brutal: 37 protesters were injured and 13 killed, including 3 women and a 13-year-old boy. One policeman was hacked to death by a mob after police had opened fire on protestors with tear gas and rubber bullets. Family members of
5406-577: The crew of the United States Air Force Convair B-58A jet bomber, AF serial number 59-2451, Firefly , crewed by Aircraft Commander Major Elmer E. Murphy, Navigator Major Eugene Moses, and Defensive Systems Officer First Lieutenant David F. Dickerson who on 10 May 1961, sustained an average speed of 2,095 kmph (1,302.07 mph) over 30 minutes and 43 seconds, covering a ground track of 1,077.3 kilometers (669.4 miles). This same crew and aircraft went on to set
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#17327931096805512-723: The deceased villagers later claimed that the bodies had been mutilated during post-mortem examination. In December 2006, Myanmar's chief of general staff, General Thura Shwe Mann, visited the Tata Motors plant in Pune. In 2009, Tata Motors announced that it would manufacture trucks in Myanmar. Tata Motors reported that these contracts to supply hardware and automobiles to Burma's military were subsequently criticised by human rights activists. The Singur controversy in West Bengal
5618-414: The donation, the building which houses TIGS has been named Tata Hall. It is also the largest international donation made to University of California, San Diego. In 2017, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) donated an unprecedented US$ 35 million grant to Carnegie Mellon University , the largest ever industry donation to the university, to collaborate on promoting next-generation technologies that will drive
5724-584: The ecology of the Bitharkanika mangrove forest. Tata Steel employed mitigation measures set by the project's official advisor, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the company pledged to "adopt all its recommendations without exception" when conservation organisations asserted that a thorough environmental impact analysis had not been done for the project, which had undergone changes in size and specifications since it
5830-578: The end of August, Blériot was one of the flyers at the Grande Semaine d'Aviation held at Reims, where he was narrowly beaten by Glenn Curtiss in the first Gordon Bennett Trophy . Blériot did, however, succeed in winning the prize for the fastest lap of the circuit, establishing a new world speed record for aircraft. Blériot followed his flights at Reims with appearances at other aviation meetings in Brescia , Budapest , Bucharest in 1909 (making
5936-405: The engine suddenly cut out and the aircraft went into a spiralling nosedive. In desperation Blériot climbed out of his seat and threw himself towards the tail. The aircraft partially pulled out of the dive, and came to earth in a more or less horizontal attitude. His only injuries were some minor cuts on the face, caused by fragments of glass from his broken goggles. After this crash Blériot abandoned
6042-411: The family fortune." In 1870 with Rs.21,000 capital, he founded a trading company. Further, he bought a bankrupt oil mill at Chinchpokli and converted it into a cotton mill, under the name Alexandra Mill which he sold for a profit after two years. In 1874, he set up another cotton mill at Nagpur named Empress Mill. He dreamed of achieving four goals, setting up an iron and steel company, a unique hotel,
6148-591: The first Indians to be granted a commercial's license. In 1932 Tata Aviation Service, the forerunner to Tata Airline and Air India, took to the skies. That same year he flew the first commercial mail flight to Juhu , in a de Havilland Puss Moth . The first flight in the History of Indian aviation lifted off from Drigh in Karachi to Madras with J. R. D. at the controls of a Puss on 15 October 1932. J. R. D. nourished and nurtured his airline baby through to 1953, when
6254-406: The first airplane flights in both Hungary and Romania ). Up to this time he had had great good luck in walking away from accidents that had destroyed the aircraft, but his luck deserted him in December 1909 at an aviation meeting in Istanbul . Flying in gusty conditions to placate an impatient and restive crowd, he crashed on top of a house, breaking several ribs and suffering internal injuries: he
6360-471: The first man to fly across the English Channel, and took to flying. On 10 February 1929, Tata obtained the first license issued in India. He later came to be known as the "Father of Indian civil aviation ". He founded India's first commercial airline, Tata Airlines in 1932, which became Air India in 1946, now India's national airline. He and Nevill Vintcent worked together in building Tata Airlines . They were also good friends. In 1929, J. R. D. became one of
6466-516: The floatplane glider he had built on 8 June 1905. Cine photography was among Blériot's hobbies, and the film footage of this flight was shot by him. The success of these trials prompted him to commission a similar machine from Voisin, the Blériot II glider. On 18 July an attempt to fly this aircraft was made, ending in a crash in which Voisin nearly drowned, but this did not deter Blériot. Indeed, he suggested that Voisin should stop working for Archdeacon and enter into partnership with him. Voisin accepted
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#17327931096806572-441: The following day he flew the Type XI for 50 minutes at another meet at Juvisy , and on 13 July, he made a cross-country flight of 41 km (25 mi) from Etampes to Orléans . Blériot's determination is shown by the fact that during the flight at Douai made on 2 July part of the asbestos insulation worked loose from the exhaust pipe after 15 minutes in the air. After half an hour, one of his shoes had been burnt through and he
6678-524: The government of Jawaharlal Nehru nationalised Air India along with several other private Airlines and appointed JRD as it's first Chairman. JRD continued as chairman for 25 years before being removed by Morarji Desai in 1978. He joined Tata Sons as an unpaid apprentice in 1925. In 1938, at the age of 34, Tata was elected Chairman of Tata Sons making him the head of the largest industrial group in India. He took over as Chairman of Tata Sons from his second cousin Nowroji Saklatwala . For decades, he directed
6784-407: The group's global ambitions, Tata Limited opened its first overseas office in London . Following the founder's goals, Western India's first hydro plant was brought to life, giving birth to Tata Power . Yet another dream, Indian Institute of Science was established with the first group of students admitted in 1911. J. R. D. Tata was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1938. Under his chairmanship,
6890-427: The huge Tata Group of companies, with major interests in steel, engineering, power, chemicals and hospitality. He was famous for succeeding in business while maintaining high ethical standards – refusing to bribe politicians or use the black market . Under his chairmanship, the assets of the Tata Group grew from US$ 100 million to over US$ 5 billion. He started with 14 enterprises under his leadership and half
6996-471: The institute's campus in Boston , Massachusetts . The building, now known as Tata Hall, is the largest endowment received by Harvard Business School from an international donor. In 2017, Tata Trusts gifted US$ 70 million to University of California, San Diego and also partnered with it in setting up Tata Institute for Genetics and Society(TIGS) to address some of the world's most pressing issues, ranging from public health to agriculture. In recognition of
7102-449: The junior Tata took a special interest in developing trade with China. When the American Civil War caused a boom in the Bombay cotton market, Tata and his father joined the Asiatic Banking Corporation . When the tide ebbed, Tata's credit was left desolate. Fortunately, the firm's credit was re-established during the next three years. A share in the lucrative contract for the commissariat of Napier's expedition to Abyssinia in 1868 restored
7208-547: The lake, and then disposing the water back to the lake. This process could interrupt the chemical makeup of the lake. 22 African nations signed a petition to stop its construction. In April 2016, a U.S. Federal Grand Jury awarded Epic Systems a US$ 940 million judgement against Tata Consultancy Services and Tata America International Corp. Filed 31 October 2014; the suit charged that "6,477 unauthorized downloads could be used to enhance Tata's competing product, Med Mantra." In 2017, U.S. District Court Judge William Conley reduced
7314-412: The lightweight Antoinette engines being developed by Léon Levavasseur . Blériot became a shareholder in the company, and in May 1906, joined the board of directors. The Blériot IV was damaged in a taxiing accident at Bagatelle on 12 November 1906. The disappointment of the failure of his aircraft was compounded by the success of Alberto Santos Dumont later that day, when he managed to fly his 14-bis
7420-511: The members of the Tata family . The company has attracted controversy for reports of political corruption , cronyism , theft, mass killings, and exploitation of its customers, Indian citizens, and natural resources. The Kerala Government filed an affidavit in the high court alleging that Tata Tea had "grabbed" forest land of 3,000 acres (12 km ) at Munnar . The Tatas provided that they possessed 58,741.82 acres (237.7197 km ) of land, which they are allowed to retain under
7526-469: The prestigious École Centrale in Paris. Entrance was by a demanding exam for which special tuition was necessary: consequently Blériot spent a year at the Collège Sainte-Barbe in Paris . He passed the exam, placing 74th among the 243 successful candidates, and doing especially well in the tests of engineering drawing ability. After three years of demanding study at the École Centrale, Blériot graduated 113th of 203 in his graduating class. He then embarked on
7632-603: The proposal, and together with his brother Charles Voisin and Edouard Surcouf they established the Ateliers d' Aviation Edouard Surcouf, Blériot et Voisin , possibly the world's first aircraft manufacturing company. Active between 1905 and 1906, the company built two unsuccessful powered aircraft, the Blériot III and the Blériot IV, which was largely a rebuild of its predecessor. Both these aircraft were powered with
7738-472: The proposal. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved the acquisition of the entire shareholding in Air Asia India by Tata-owned Air India. The chairman of Tata Sons is usually the chairman of the Tata Group. As of 2020, there have been seven chairmen of Tata Group. Tata Group has helped establish and finance numerous research, educational and cultural institutes in India, and received
7844-483: The return flight, but were all killed when the pilot lost control shortly after takeoff from the Paris Air Show during some attempted impromptu aerobatics . The Blériot Trophy is a statuette in the classical style sculpted of polished white and black marble stone, depicting a nude male figure of black marble emerging from stylized white marble clouds resembling female forms. It is now on permanent display at
7950-469: The sea . Latham was rescued by the French destroyer Harpon and taken back to France, where he was met by the news that Blériot had entered the competition. Blériot, accompanied by two mechanics and his friend Alfred Leblanc , arrived in Calais on Wednesday 21 July and set up their base at a farm near the beach at Les Baraques, between Calais and Sangatte. The following day a replacement aircraft for Latham
8056-545: The second flight; the aircraft overturned and was wrecked. Blériot's next aircraft, the Blériot VIII was shown to the press in February 1908. Although it was the first to use of a successful combination of hand/arm-operated joystick and foot-operated rudder control, this was a failure in its first form. After modifications, it proved successful, and on 31 October 1908 he succeeded in making a cross-country flight, making
8162-454: The status of Recherches Aéronautiques Louis Blériot. By the time of the Channel flight, he had spent at least 780,000 francs on his aviation experiments. (To put this figure into context, one of Blériot's skilled mechanics was paid 250 francs a month.) Now this investment began to pay off: orders for copies of the Type XI quickly came, and by the end of the year, orders for over 100 aircraft had been received, each selling for 10,000 francs. At
8268-421: The undercarriage. More trials followed, the last on 19 April when, travelling at a speed of around 50 km/h (30 mph), the aircraft left the ground, Blériot over-responded when the nose began to rise, and the machine hit the ground nose-first, and somersaulted. The aircraft was largely destroyed, but Blériot was, by great good fortune, unhurt. The engine of the aircraft was immediately behind his seat, and he
8374-489: The wind had increased, and had blown him to the east of his intended course. Altering course, he followed the line of the coast about a mile offshore until he spotted Charles Fontaine, the correspondent from Le Matin waving a large Tricolour as a signal. Unlike Latham, Blériot had not visited Dover to find a suitable spot to land, and the choice had been made by Fontaine, who had selected a patch of gently sloping land called Northfall Meadow, close to Dover Castle , on top of
8480-469: The world's first successful powered monoplane. The first of these, the canard configuration Blériot V , was first tried on 21 March 1907, when Blériot limited his experiments to ground runs, which resulted in damage to the undercarriage. Two further ground trials, also damaging the aircraft, were undertaken, followed by another attempt on 5 April. The flight was only of around 6 m (20 ft), after which he cut his engine and landed, slightly damaging
8586-455: The year of 1909, with the prize money doubled to £1,000. Like some of the other prizes offered, it was widely seen as nothing more than a way to gain cheap publicity for the paper: the Paris newspaper Le Matin commenting that there was no chance of the prize being won. The English Channel had been crossed many times by balloon, beginning with Jean-Pierre Blanchard and John Jeffries 's crossing in 1785. Blériot, who intended to fly across
8692-648: Was French , he spent much of his childhood in France and as a result, French was his first language. He attended the Janson De Sailly School in Paris. One of the teachers at that school used to call him L'Egyptien . He attended the Cathedral and John Connon School , Bombay . Tata was educated in London, Japan, France and India. When his father joined the Tata company he moved the whole family to London . During this time, J. R. D.'s mother died at
8798-475: Was Santos Dumont. A few days later the crankshaft of the E.N.V. engine broke, and Blériot resumed trials of the Type XI. On 25 June he made a flight lasting 15 minutes and 30 seconds, his longest to date, and the following day increased this personal record to over 36 minutes. At the end of July he took part in an aviation meet at Douai, where he made a flight lasting over 47 minutes in the Type XII on 3 July:
8904-432: Was a French aviator , inventor , and engineer . He developed the first practical headlamp for cars and established a profitable business manufacturing them, using much of the money he made to finance his attempts to build a successful aircraft. Blériot was the first to use the combination of hand-operated joystick and foot-operated rudder control as used to the present day to operate the aircraft control surfaces . Blériot
9010-623: Was a series of protests by locals and political parties over the forced acquisition, eviction, and inadequate compensation to those farmers displaced for the Tata Nano plant, during which Mamata Banerjee's party was widely criticised as acting for political gain. Despite the support of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) state government , Tata eventually pulled the project out of West Bengal, citing safety concerns. Narendra Modi , then Chief Minister of Gujarat , made land available for
9116-697: Was absorbed into SNCASO . In 1913, a consortium led by Blériot bought the Société pour les Appareils Deperdussin aircraft manufacturer and he became the president of the company in 1914. He renamed it the Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés (SPAD); this company produced World War I fighter aircraft such as the SPAD S.XIII . Before World War I , Blériot had opened British flying schools at Brooklands , in Surrey and at Hendon Aerodrome . Realising that
9222-568: Was also a founding member of the first Governing Body of NCAER, the National Council of Applied Economic Research in New Delhi, India's first independent economic policy institute established in 1956. In 1968, he founded Tata Consultancy Services as Tata Computer Centre. In 1979, Tata Steel instituted a new practice: a worker being deemed to be "at work" from the moment he leaves home for work until he returns home from work. This made
9328-530: Was also the first to make a working, powered, piloted monoplane . In 1909 he became world-famous for making the first aeroplane flight across the English Channel, winning the prize of £1,000 offered by the Daily Mail newspaper. He was the founder of Blériot Aéronautique , a successful aircraft manufacturing company. Born at No.17h rue de l'Arbre à Poires (now rue Sadi-Carnot) in Cambrai , Louis
9434-542: Was also the year of economic liberalization in India , opening up the market to foreign competitors. During this time, Tata Group began to acquire several companies. Tata Group bought Tetley In February 2000. After that, it acquired Corus Group in 2007. In the year 2008, it acquired Jaguar and Land Rover . The company's subsidiary Tata Motors launched the Tata Nano which they presented as "the world’s most affordable car" in 2008. In 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran
9540-593: Was appointed chairman. He was instrumental in restructuring business verticals and increasing promoter stake ownership in companies. Under his leadership, the group made acquisitions through insolvency law and investments in E-commerce, expanded its airline business by winning a bid for Air India , and completely bought Air Asia India . He has mentioned the future strategy is to focus on healthcare, electronics, and digital. Tata Owned Air India got approval to acquire AirAsia India , nearly two months after putting forth
9646-534: Was awarded the 1992 United Nations Population Award for his efforts. Tata died in Geneva , Switzerland of a kidney infection on 29 November 1993, at the age of 89. He said a few days before his death: "Comme c'est doux de mourir" ("How gentle it is to die"). Upon his death, the Indian Parliament was adjourned in his memory, an honour not usually given to persons who are not members of parliament. He
9752-511: Was awarded the French Legion of Honour and in 1955 and 1992, he received two of India's highest civilian awards: the Padma Vibhushan and the Bharat Ratna . These honours were bestowed on him for his contributions to Indian industry. J. R. D. Tata was born on 29 July 1904 to an Indian Parsi family in Paris , France. He was the second child of businessman Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata and his French wife, Suzanne "Sooni" Brière . His father
9858-510: Was born to a Parsi father, and his French mother converted to Zoroastrianism , J. R. D. was agnostic . He found some Parsi religious customs like their funeral rites and their exclusiveness irksome. He adhered to the three basic tenets of Zoroastrianism, which were good thoughts, good words, and good deeds, but he did not profess belief or disbelief in God. When Tata was in tour, he was inspired by his friend's father, aviation pioneer Louis Blériot ,
9964-689: Was buried at the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. In 2012, Tata was ranked the sixth " The Greatest Indian " in an Outlook magazine poll, "conducted in conjunction with CNN-IBN and History18 Channels with BBC." Tata Group The Tata Group ( / ˈ t ɑː t ɑː / ) is an Indian group of companies headquartered in Mumbai . Established in 1868, it is India's largest business conglomerate , with products and services in over 160 countries, and operations in 100 countries. There are total 29 publicly listed Tata Group companies with
10070-498: Was delivered from the Antoinette factory. The wind was too strong for an attempted crossing on Friday and Saturday, but on Saturday evening it began to drop, raising hopes in both camps. Leblanc went to bed at around midnight but was too keyed up to sleep well; at two o'clock, he was up, and judging that the weather was ideal woke Blériot who, unusually, was pessimistic and had to be persuaded to eat breakfast. His spirits revived, however, and by half past three, his wife Alice had boarded
10176-536: Was first proposed. In 2007, Tata Group joined forces with a Tanzanian company to build a soda ash extraction plant in Tanzania. Environmental activists oppose the plant because it would be near Lake Natron , and it has a very high chance of affecting the lake's ecosystem and its neighbouring dwellers, jeopardising endangered lesser flamingo birds. Lake Natron is where two-thirds of lesser flamingos reproduce. Producing soda ash involves drawing out salt water from
10282-496: Was generally expected that he would attempt to land on the beach to the west of the town. The Daily Mail correspondent, realising that Blériot had landed near the castle, set off at speed in a motor car and took Blériot to the harbour, where he was reunited with his wife. The couple, surrounded by a cheering crowd and photographers, were then taken to the Lord Warden Hotel at the foot of the Admiralty Pier; Blériot had become
10388-441: Was hospitalized for three weeks. Between 1909 and the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Blériot produced about 900 aircraft, most of them variations of the Type XI model. Blériot monoplanes and Voisin -type biplanes, with the latter's Farman derivatives dominated the pre-war aviation market. There were concerns about the safety of monoplanes in general, both in France and the UK. The French government grounded all monoplanes in
10494-602: Was in considerable pain, but nevertheless continued his flight until engine failure ended the flight. Blériot suffered third-degree burns , and his injuries took over two months to heal. On 16 June 1909, Blériot and Voisin were jointly awarded the Prix Osiris, awarded by the Institut de France every three years to the Frenchman who had made the greatest contribution to science. Three days later, on 19 June, he informed
10600-437: Was initially powered by a REP engine and was first flown with this engine on 18 January 1909, but although the aircraft flew well, after a very short time in the air, the engine began to overheat, leading Blériot to get in touch with Alessandro Anzani , who had developed a successful motorcycle engine and had subsequently entered the aero-engine market. Importantly, Anzani was associated with Lucien Chauvière , who had designed
10706-543: Was involved in a five-year legal struggle with the Wright Brothers over the latter's wing warping patents. The Wrights' claim was dismissed in the French and the German courts. From 1913 or earlier, Blériot's aviation activities were handled by Blériot Aéronautique , based at Suresnes , which continued to design and produce aircraft up to the nationalisation of most of the French aircraft industry in 1937, when it
10812-1021: Was promoted to the Air Commodore rank (equivalent to Brigadier in the army) on 4 October 1966, and was further promoted on 1 April 1974 to the Air Vice Marshal rank. Several international awards for aviation were given to him – the Tony Jannus Award in March 1979, the Gold Air Medal of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale in 1985, the Edward Warner Award of the International Civil Aviation Organisation, Canada in 1986 and
10918-414: Was successful, and soon he was supplying his lamps to both Renault and Panhard-Levassor , two of the foremost automobile manufacturers of the day. In October 1900 Blériot was lunching in his usual restaurant near his showroom when his eye was caught by a young woman dining with her parents. That evening, he told his mother "I saw a young woman today. I will marry her, or I will marry no one." A bribe to
11024-498: Was the first cousin of Jamsetji Tata , a pioneer industrialist in India. He had one elder sister Sylla, a younger sister Rodabeh and two younger brothers Darab and Jamshed (called Jimmy) Tata. His sister, Sylla, was married to Dinshaw Maneckji Petit , the third baronet of Petits. His sister's sister-in-law, Rattanbai Petit , was the wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah , who later became the founder of Pakistan in August 1947. As his mother
11130-548: Was the first of five children born to Clémence and Charles Blériot. In 1882, aged 10, Blériot was sent as a boarder to the Institut Notre Dame in Cambrai, where he frequently won class prizes, including one for engineering drawing. When he was 15, he moved on to the lycée at Amiens , where he lived with an aunt. After passing the exams for his baccalaureate in science and German, he determined to try to enter
11236-547: Was very lucky not to have been crushed by it. This was followed by the Blériot VI , a tandem wing design, first tested on 7 July, when the aircraft failed to lift off. Blériot then enlarged the wings slightly, and on 11 July a short successful flight of around 25–30 metres (84–100 ft) was made, reaching an altitude of around 2 m (7 ft). This was Blériot's first truly successful flight. Further successful flights took place that month, and by 25 July he had managed
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