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59-538: JVP may stand for: Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna , People's Liberation Front, a Sri Lankan Socialist Party Jerusalem Venture Partners , an Israeli-American media venture capital firm Jewish Voice for Peace , an American advocacy organization concerned with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Johnson Voorsanger Productions , original name of ToeJam & Earl Productions Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology ,

118-530: A coalition with UNP to support Sarath Fonseka , the former army chief, in the 2010 presidential elections, but he was defeated by the incumbent, Mahinda Rajapaksa. After this, the UNP left the coalition and the JVP contested the general elections along with Sarath Fonseka's factions under the banner of Democratic National Alliance. The alliance won 7 seats, of which 4 were won by JVP candidates. The party had 39 seats before

177-460: A major crisis for the government and forced a fundamental reassessment of the nation's security needs. In March 1971, after an accidental explosion in one of the bomb factories, the police found fifty-eight bombs in a hut in Nelundeniya, Kegalle District . Shortly afterward, Wijeweera was arrested and sent to Jaffna Prison, where he remained throughout the revolt. In response to his arrest and

236-552: A meaningful effort to educate the masses on Marxism. Workers accepted the words mouthed by the leaders of the "old left" as the final word. He also believed that the leadership of the "old left", aware of this aspect, utilised it to the fullest to blunt workers' militancy. Wijeweera and others decided in mid-1965 to launch a new party that was explicitly revolutionary in character; it was formed without breaking off from other established parties. The cadres engaged themselves in political activities that consisted mainly of trying to increase

295-600: A prolonged conflict, Bandaranaike offered amnesties in May and June 1971, and the top leaders were imprisoned. Wijeweera, who was already in detention at the time of the uprising, was given a twenty-year sentence. The Indian intervention through the Indo-Sri Lanka accord and the plan to divide the island led to the 1987–1989 revolt. The JVP exploited the arrival of the Indian Peace-keeping Force and

354-474: A scientific journal Jugular venous pressure , an important marker elicited during clinical examination to assess right heart function Jyotirvidya Parisanstha , Oldest association of amateur astronomers in India Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title JVP . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

413-516: A solution to the ethnic conflict. The Nava Sama Samaja Party (NSSP), CPSL, and the nationalistic SLFP boycotted the elections, but as the JVP contested, it won a couple of seats in the council's elections. Around this time, the Election Commission of Sri Lanka formally recognised the JVP as a legitimate political party. In 1978, the UNP introduced commissions to charge UF members for ignoring or violating human rights in events such as

472-823: A visit to Sri Lanka in 1964, he was not permitted to return to the USSR: his student activism in favour of Maoism while in Moscow displeased the Russians. The Chinese faction was led by Premalal Kumarasiri. Through his father's political activities, Wijeweera contacted Kumarasiri and joined the party's staff and became part of the trade union office. Wijeweera increasingly felt that the Left movement (generally referred to in Sri Lanka as "old left") that existed until then had not produced enough professional revolutionaries and had never made

531-511: Is a leftist political party in Sri Lanka . The party was formerly a revolutionary movement and was involved in two armed uprisings against the government of Sri Lanka : once in 1971 ( SLFP ), and another in 1987–1989 ( UNP ). The motive for both uprisings was to establish a socialist state . Since then the JVP has entered mainstream democratic politics and has updated its ideology, abandoning some of its original Marxist policies such as

590-579: The 1982 presidential elections and was the third most successful candidate, winning 4.16% of the votes cast. Before the elections, he had been convicted by the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC) for conspiring to overthrow the state violently. The JVP launched a more organized insurrection for the second time in 1987 after the signing of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord . Following Operation Combine and Wijeweera's death,

649-797: The Indonesian Communist Party . It complained that the Ceylonese government would try to militarily defeat the group if it stopped arming itself. The government banned the JVP following an attack on the United States high commission in Ceylon. The government blamed the protests that led to the attack on the JVP members, but it was revealed that the attack was conducted by a Maoist organisation. The brief conflict created turmoil in Sri Lanka's national politics and its international relations. Many countries were blamed for supporting

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708-713: The Jaffna prison, SLAF Ekala and the Wellawaya town in 1971. Later in the 80s, JVP with the assistance of several other militant organisations trained the Patriotic People's Armed Forces . PPAF carried out more well planned attacks such as the attack on the Pallekele detachment . The military section of the JVP in the late 80s were led by the DJV leader Keerthi Vijayabahu . Despite the lack of training they received,

767-544: The National Liberation Front of Yemen, and the Korean Workers' Party (KWP). In the early 1970s, North Korea backed the JVP by supplying training. As a result, diplomatic connections between Sri Lanka and North Korea were cut off and were not re-established. 18 North Koreans were expelled from the island, but it did not stop their support of the JVP, and Indian patrol boats deployed around

826-911: The Patrice Lumumba Friendship University in Moscow , where he read the works of Karl Marx , Friedrich Engels , and Lenin , and became a committed Marxist. By this time, the United Socialist Party (USP) was divided into two factions: the Chinese faction and the Soviet faction. Wijeweera broke away from the CPC which was aligned with the USSR and joined the Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist). After

885-614: The United National Front . The organisation believes in democracy-based political lines rather than insurrectionist lines it appreciated since its conception. The JVP formed the National People's Power in 2015, which consists of various leftist groups. JVP was not recognised as a political party until its first uprising. The party rejected being a democratic party following the military coup in Indonesia against

944-597: The parliament , winning a supermajority . It was second-highest proportion of seats in the nation's history and the NPP succeeded in winning every district except Batticaloa . The JVP was founded in 1965 to provide a leading force for a communist revolution in Sri Lanka . In 1965, there were four other leftist political parties in Sri Lanka: the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP), established in 1935 as

1003-717: The 1970s were limited to the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Iraq (ASBPI). Wijeweera and Shantha Bandara visited Iraq multiple times in order to meet the members of the ASBPI. Bandara successfully formed the Inter-University Students' Federation to work as a liaison point between the two parties. When the Iran–Iraq War began, a few members of the JVP protested in front of the Iranian embassy. During

1062-537: The 1978 elections, the organisation's reputation among revolutionaries decreased; however, the public began to recognise it, and it quickly gained members. In 1982 the JVP participated in the District Development Council (DDC) elections and the presidential elections; it was the only radical party that contested the DDC elections in 1982. The UNP had introduced the District Development Council as

1121-635: The JVP believed the Sri Lankan government was seeking assistance from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). After multiple arguments, the JVP and Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU; Sinhala National Heritage) protested against the peace involvement from Norway . Subsequently, Tamil journalist Dharman Sivaram was assassinated. The Therraputtabaya Brigade , unknown before, issued death threats to multiple other journalists, which included former JVP member Victor Ivan . In 2005, Mahinda Rajapaksa

1180-409: The JVP established itself as a political party and offered an alternative to those disillusioned with the politics of the other left organizations. Most of the members and supporters of the JVP at the time were young adults. Alarmed at the JVP's political potential and challenge, the government and its leftist allies levelled a variety of slander against it. Many representatives of the "old left" called

1239-510: The JVP members " CIA agents attempting to overthrow the pro-Eastern bloc party". JVP built cells in multiple countries, including South Yemen , Belgium , the UK , and Ba'athist Iraq ; South Yemen also promised to hold some weapon supplies; although the manufacturer later said that there was no possible way to supply weapons, the government congratulated the organisation with a letter that read "Revolutionary Greetings". The 1971 uprising led by

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1298-530: The JVP militants were armed with shotguns, wore blue colored uniforms with boots and helmets, carried hatchets, and ammunition. The primary source of funding were bank robberies. During its second insurgency, they were armed with stolen weapons such as AK 47 , T 56 , and .303 British rifles. The JVP has been internationally affiliated to multiple organisations, some of which were the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO),

1357-591: The JVP returned to elections as the National Salvation Front . The surviving JVP members campaigned in the 1994 elections , but eventually withdrew and supported the nationalist Sri Lanka Freedom Party , the main opposition party at the time. In 2004, it joined the government as a part of the United People's Freedom Alliance and supported the government in its war against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), but subsequently left

1416-543: The JVP was unsuccessful and allegedly claimed nearly 5,000 lives. The JVP drew worldwide attention when it launched an insurrection against the Bandaranaike government in April 1971. Although the insurgents were young, poorly armed, and inadequately trained, they seized and held major areas in the southern and central provinces of Sri Lanka before they were defeated by the security forces. Their attempt to seize power created

1475-462: The JVP's electoral effort was at the legislative elections held on 2 April 2004. The party was part of the United People's Freedom Alliance that won 45.6% of the popular vote and 105 out of the 225 seats in Parliament . As the second-largest party of this coalition, it became part of the government with 39 Members of Parliament and three cabinet portfolios. Shortly after the 2004 tsunami ,

1534-503: The JVP, including the People's Republic of China (China) and North Korea; China denied supporting the party. As a result of the struggle, the UF government denounced the JVP in April 1971, and it became an underground organisation, though it participated in the 1978 local government elections. It refrained from attacking the government as the UF government was already facing persecution. After

1593-557: The Rajapaksha agreement with the JVP ensured his victory. The party experienced an internal conflict between the two factions of Wimal Weerawansa and the party leadership in April 2008. The party decided to suspend Weerawansa's on 21 March 2008. Media reports said that Weerawansa had an argument with the leadership based on the disarmament of the Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal political party, which

1652-613: The Soviet Union for the parties that visited the meeting upon Soviet invitation. The JVP's ideology has occasionally changed depending on its leadership or other national and political issues within Sri Lanka or any other influential group. The JVP's initial mixed ideology was shaped by its origin from Maoism and exposure to other forms of Marxism, such as drawing on Maoist emphasis on the rural peasantry, Guevarist views on armed insurrection, and some Trotskyist criticisms of Stalinism while maintaining an anti-revisionist line. In

1711-636: The UK and US' attention, claiming that the parties were involved in the Black July riots that killed thousands of Tamils . The proscription on the CPSL was lifted due to its Tamil representation, but the JVP continued to be banned. After JVP leadership was eliminated by state repression during the Premadasa government, it was resurrected as a political party joining the mainstream led by Somawansa Amerasinghe –

1770-728: The UNP Kotte leaders of the conspiracy against the JVP. Weerawansa's group then formed a new political party called the Jathika Nidahas Peramuna (JNP). Party activities began on 14 May 2008, the anniversary of the day Wijeweera had formed the JVP in 1965 and of the day the LTTE killed 146 pilgrims during the Anuradhapura massacre at the Sri Maha Bodhi in 1985. The party leaders said that the new political party

1829-478: The abolition of private property, and moderating its rhetoric. The JVP has been led by President Anura Kumara Dissanayake since 2014. The JVP was initially a small organisation that became a well-organised party that could influence mainstream politics. Its members openly campaigned for the left-wing coalition government of the SLFP-led United Front ; however, following their disillusion with

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1888-415: The beginning, it had schisms from internal ideological conflicts. The first five lectures of the JVP based on class and social struggle were about the "failures" of the old left and the "path" for a new left. Wijeweera, who held anti-Indian sentiments, gave lectures against Indian irredentism . The rest of the lectures are based on economy and unemployment. In 1983, the JVP's ideology was modified, as

1947-542: The coalition government. Since 2019, the JVP has contested elections under its own national coalition, the National People's Power (NPP) and has since been a prominent party in Sri Lankan politics . In the 2024 presidential election , JVP leader Anura Kumara Dissanayake was elected President of Sri Lanka . In the 2024 Sri Lankan parliamentary elections, the JVP led NPP alliance won with 159 seats in

2006-518: The coalition, they began an insurrection against the Dominion of Ceylon in early 1971, which intensified following the ban on the party. The JVP's military wing, the Red Guard , captured over 76 police strongholds throughout the island of Ceylon. The JVP entered democratic politics in 1977 when President J. R. Jayewardene released JVP leader Rohana Wijeweera from prison. Wijeweera contested in

2065-549: The country for eight years each, and the country's economic outlook worsened. According to the JVP's founders, neither party had been able to implement even a single measure to resolve the crisis. The JVP considered the entry of three leftist parties into the United Front in 1964 as a conscious betrayal of the aspirations of the people and the working class. Inflation , unemployment , and food prices increased despite government efforts to prevent it. Rohana Wijeweera's father

2124-584: The death toll exceeded 60,000. In addition, many people took advantage of the chaos to instigate deadly local feuds. What is certain is the methods of death, including necklacing , victims eviscerated and left to die, and even the occasion of eighteen heads arranged around the Alwis pond at the University of Peradeniya , which occurred the day after T.E. Nagahawatte, the Assistant Registrar of

2183-426: The elections. Criminal Justice Commission (Sri Lanka) Following the 1971 JVP insurrection , the government under Prime Minister Sirima Bandaranaike required a swift means of prosecuting the larger number of insurgents in custody, which numbered in the thousands. The concept of a tribunal empowered to inquire and sentence, by passing the normal judicial process that would otherwise take many stages and years

2242-831: The first political party in Sri Lanka; the Communist Party of Sri Lanka (CPSL), which broke away from the LSSP and formed their own party in 1943 due to differences of opinion on supporting Britain during the 2nd World War ; the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP); and the Peking Left . Since the country's independence, the two main parties, the United National Party (UNP) and the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), governed

2301-542: The growing pressure of police investigations, other JVP leaders acted immediately, and started the uprising at 11:00 p.m. on 5 April. After two weeks of fighting, the government regained control of all but a few remote areas. In both human and political terms, the cost of the victory was high: an estimated 30,000 insurgents, according to the JVP, many of them in their teens, died in the conflict. The army and police were also widely perceived to have used excessive force. In order to win over an alienated population and to prevent

2360-526: The humiliation, rape, and murder of Premawathie Manamperi . The UNP called JVP members to give evidence against the UF; the UF criticised the procedure, calling it capitalist. Afterwards, the UF members lost their civil ownership, and were not allowed to participate in the 1978 elections. As a result, the Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) came to become the opposition, which the JVP tried to remove. In 1982, Wijeweera contested

2419-487: The island were attacked by North Korean gunboats that raided the territory. Prior to expulsion, the North Koreans spent 14,000 dollars supporting the movement with propaganda. They also supplied militant equipment and instructions on making explosives and conducting guerrilla warfare. In 2017, the Sri Lankan government imposed UN sanctions on North Korea. The leader of the JVP, Anura Kumara Dissanayake , criticised

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2478-527: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JVP&oldid=1219635964 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna Former parties Former parties Former parties The Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna ( JVP ; lit.   ' People's Liberation Front ' , PLF )

2537-480: The only surviving member of the decimated JVP politburo. However, the JVP had an internal conflict: JVP supported Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaranatunga's election campaign after withdrawing their candidate. The JVP contested the presidential elections in 1999 and their candidate Nandana Gunatilleke received 4.08% of the vote. The JVP was contested by the National Salvation Front. The high point of

2596-572: The party foresaw the consequence of inaction against Indian intelligence agencies (particularly the Research and Analysis Wing ) infiltrating the national patronage. By this time it developed its own ideology named Jathika Chintanaya ( transl.  "national ideology" ). Somawansa Amarasinghe , who subsequently became the leader, modified the JVP from the roots and re-socialised with other democratic groups. It refused to be affiliated nationally, but later joined some left-right alliances such as

2655-412: The political awareness of the working class. Wijeweera felt that one of the more important tasks was to educate the masses politically. After deliberating on the issue, it was decided that an uncomplicated Marxist analysis of the socio-politico-economic problems of the country should be the introductory step. The Marxist analysis was split into five discussions along with five main themes. Throughout

2714-399: The presidential elections. The party expected to win more than 500,000 votes but won only 275,000. Although it received more votes than Colvin R. de Silva , the party was disappointed by the results. The government banned the party again, and JVP membership dropped as people began to doubt its electoral viability. After the ethnic riots, the government denounced the JVP, CPSL, and NSSP to get

2773-473: The procedure, claiming North Korea is socialist and that Sri Lanka should support it. In 1970 a North Korean trade office in Colombo became an embassy and started its work the same year. While in Sri Lanka, North Korean diplomats cultivated links to the JVP, and the nation helped the group directly through the office. Wijeweera visited North Korea prior to the establishment of the JVP. The JVP sectors before

2832-405: The remaining JVP politburo and detained an estimated 7,000 suspected JVP members. Although the government won a decisive military victory, there were credible accusations of brutality and extrajudicial methods. The number of deaths during the insurgency is uncertain, as the government was also fighting Tamil insurgent groups at the time. Multiple official and unofficial forces and reports confirm that

2891-412: The rest of 1968, Wijeweera traveled across the country, conducting political classes for the members of the party. An education camp followed the five basic political classes. Precautions had to be taken to keep this educational camp a secret to avoid alarming the government and the "old left". All conducted by Wijeweera, the classes stretched from 17 to 18 hours a day, interrupted only by meals. By 1971,

2950-625: The second JVP insurgency, the JVP received money from Iraq to fund the Patriotic People's Movement. The Soviet Union began to recognise the JVP in 1978 when it was no longer affiliated to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The Soviet Communist Party invited the organisation along with the CPSL to participate in the International Federation of Youths and Students. All financing was provided by

3009-456: The university and a volunteer officer, was killed by two gunmen inside university premises. For genocide studies , it was an example of politicide that happened in a democratic regime, which resulted in the killing of at least 13,000 and 30,000 JVP members and its alleged supporters. The JVP military section which was made up mostly of inadequately trained youths, were responsible for attacks on several locations throughout Ceylon, including on

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3068-698: The widespread nationalist sentiments of large sections of the Sinhalese people to terrorise both the state machinery and sections of civil society that opposed its thinking, which almost overpowered the state. Organised in multiple cells countrywide and mostly based around the capital Kandy in the centre, the JVP murdered probably thousands of people and crippled the country with violently enforced hartals (general strikes) for three years. Government forces captured and killed Wijeweera and his deputy in November 1989 in Colombo; by early 1990 they had killed or imprisoned

3127-410: Was a political activist of the CPSL. During an election campaign in the 1960s, he was severely assaulted by UNP members and was paralysed; Wijeweera was likely emotionally affected, which may have changed his views and caused his hatred against the UNP. When Wijeweera's further education was threatened as a result of his father's incapacitation, the CPSL arranged a scholarship for him to study medicine at

3186-491: Was an alternative to the two main political parties, UNP and SLFP, but not the JVP. In December 2008, the JNP joined the government, and claimed that the government should be supported at this moment as it was successfully fighting the LTTE in the north of Sri Lanka. JVP politicians blamed the government, saying that it had mishandled many problems, and alleged that their rivals had joined the government for personal gain. JVP formed

3245-441: Was attempting to participate in the country's eastern provincial council elections to be held in May 2008 under the ruling United People's Freedom Alliance . A member of the party, Piyasiri Wijenayake, accused the UNP of conspiring against the JVP at a media conference held at Nippon Hotel in Colombo on 8 April 2008. He alleged that Ravi Karunanayake, a UNP member who had attended a meeting with senior JVP leaders at his residence,

3304-417: Was elected president of Sri Lanka. Some political analysts believed that the majority of support and endorsement to Rajapakse came from the JVP due to Rajapaksha opposing the peace process. A few analysts reject this idea, saying that JVP was too weak to make an influence in mainstream elections. Other independent intellectuals, like Dayan Jayatilleka , Nalin de Silva and Mohan Samaranayake , pointed out that

3363-796: Was envisioned by Victor Tennekoon , the Attorney General . The government quickly passed the Criminal Justice Commissions Act in parliament and the first Criminal Justice Commission was established by a warrant issued by the Governor General in May 1972. By 1975, 139 inquires were conducted and 3872 insurgent suspects were charged and 2919 were produced before the commission. 2413 suspects were released under suspended sentences while 258 received terms of rigorous imprisonment, which included 3 imprisonments for life. 50 suspects were acquitted. A second commission

3422-551: Was formed in 1976, consisting of three judges. 2520 suspects were released under suspended sentence, while 372 received terms of rigorous imprisonment, which included 5 imprisonments for life. 92 suspects were acquitted. Tyrrel Goonetilleke, Director of the Criminal Investigation Department lobbied for the extension of Criminal Justice Commissions into exchange control violations. The commission would have power and jurisdiction to inquiry into crimes and offences committed throughout Ceylon and inquiries would be judicial proceeding under

3481-402: Was the main conspirator. Wijenayake told BBC that his and Achala Suranga Jagoda's vehicles were forcefully removed by the group led by Jayanatha Wijesekara, a Member of Parliament from the Trincomalee district. Weerawansa's group visited the most senior Buddhist monks of Asgiriya and Malwatte chapters on 20 April 2008 to seek blessings for their new political movement. Weerawansa also accused

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