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32-597: Jotedars , also known as Hawladars , Ganitdars, Jwaddars , or Mandals , were landlords or, they can be well-to-do ryots or wealthy peasants who exercised control and influence comparable to that of a Zamindar but they were perceived as significantly below them in social strata in agrarian Bengal during Company rule in India . Jotedars owned relatively extensive tracts of land ; their land tenure status stood in contrast to those of poor ryots and bargadars (sharecroppers), who were landless or land-poors. Most of

64-574: A British colonel administered the region. British accounts claim the people were 'oppressed' by the Marathas, especially their pindari raids. The country returned to rule by subahs from Nagpur in 1830, but Raipur was too remote to have much contact with the government. This continued until the annexation of Nagpur under the Doctrine of Lapse in 1854. Amar Singh, the ruler of Raipur, continued ruling without Maratha interference until 1750. On his death,

96-400: A Maratha vassal. In 1745, Raghunath Singh died and Pant installed Mohan Singh, a loyal Maratha vassal from the dynasty, on the throne, where he ruled until 1758 when his son Bhimbaji took control with Maratha support. Bhimbaji ruled virtually independently of Nagpur, but his brother Venkoji who succeeded him was far less interested in administration than Nagpur court politics. Although a subah ,

128-449: A designated place within tehsil area known as tehsil headquarters. Tehsildar is the incharge of tehsil office. This is similar to district office or district collector at district level. Throughout India, there is a three-tier local body/Panchayat system within the state. At the top is the zila/zilla panchayat (parishad). Taluka/mandal panchayat/panchayat samiti/community development block is the second layer of this system and below them are

160-489: A governor, was appointed by Venkoji to administer the region for him, this was resisted and real administration of the region was done by Bhimaji's widow Anandi Bai and a council of ministers. After Anandi Bai's death in the early 19th century, the region was ruled by a series of governors under a very loose control of Nagpur and often exploited the office to become rich. After the Third Anglo-Maratha war in 1818,

192-446: A newer unit called mandal (circle) has come to replace the tehsil system. It is generally smaller than a tehsil, and is meant for facilitating local self-government in the panchayat system . In West Bengal , Bihar, Jharkhand, community development blocks are the empowered grassroots administrative unit, replacing tehsils. Tehsil office is primarily tasked with land revenue administration, besides election and executive functions. It

224-452: A ring for upper arm and Bichhiya worn on toes. Men also decorate themselves with Koundhi (necklace of beads) and Kadhah (bangle) for occasions like dances. Gouri-Goura, Surti, Hareli, pola and Teeja are the main festivals of this area. Celebrated in the month of 'Shravan' Hareli is a mark of greenery. Farmers worship farm equipment and cows on this occasion. They place branches and leaves of 'Bhelwa' (a tree resembling cashew tree and found in

256-428: Is paddy . There are more than 50 large and middle scale industries in this district which have offered employment to over 10,000 people. According to the 2011 census Raipur district has a population of 2,160,876. This gives it a ranking of 211th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population balls density of 750 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,900/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over

288-480: Is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks. Nevertheless, the two are often conflated. India, as a vast country, is subdivided into many states and union territories for administrative purposes. Further divisions of these states are known as districts . These districts (zila/zilla) are again divided into many subdivisions , viz tehsils or taluks. These subdivisions are again divided into gram panchayats or village panchayats. Initially, this

320-546: Is also a major event of the festival. Children play with Nandia-Bail (Nandi the Vahan of Lord Shiva) idols made of clay and fitted with clay wheels. Teeja is the festival of women. All married women pray for the welfare of their husbands on this occasion. The custom is to perform this prayer at the parents' place of the women . They eagerly wait for this occasion to come to spend some time at their birth places in festive and devotional mood. The feeling of togetherness and social harmony

352-731: Is the local language that most of the people in this area converse in. Raut Nacha, Dewar Nacha, Panthi & Soowa, Padki and Pandwani are some of musical styles and dance dramas. Pandwani is a famous musical way of singing Mahabharata in this region. Women are fond of 'Kachhora' a typical manner of wearing saree . Women wearing 'Lugda' (saree) and 'Polkha' (blouse) with set of ornaments are symbolic of tradition and heritage of Chhattisgarh. Various decorative items used by women are Baandha (necklace made of coins) and silver necklace 'suta', 'Phuli' for nose, 'Bali' and Khuntis for ears, 'Ainthi' (of silver worn on forearm), Patta, Choora (bangles), Kardhani on waist (a belt like thing made of silver), Pounchhi

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384-490: Is the sub-district of a district, similarly, Nayabat is the sub-tehsil of a tehsil. Raipur district Raipur district is a district in the Chhattisgarh state of India. Its administrative headquarters is the city of Raipur . The district is rich in mineral resources and there are many wildlife sanctuaries. With a population of 2 million, it is the most populous district of Chhattisgarh. Raipur district, like

416-454: Is the ultimate executive agency for land records and related administrative matters. The chief official is called the tehsildar or, less officially, the talukdar or taluka muktiarkar . Tehsil or taluk can be considered sub-districts in the Indian context. In some instances, tehsils overlap with " blocks " (panchayat union blocks or panchayat development blocks or cd blocks) and come under

448-755: The Hindu Jotedars in West Bengal were from the Bhadralok community, members of Hindu upper-castes of Bengal such as Kayastha , Brahmin , etc. Many Muslim Jotedars were from an Ashraf or Khandani family background, belonging the elite nobility of Bengali Muslims who descended from settled foreigners such as the Afghans , Mughals , Arabs , Persians , Turks and North Indian immigrants. These socially high-standing Hindu and Muslim Jotedars who were not actually peasants had adopted

480-504: The de jure status of ryot (peasant) solely for the financial benefit that the Bengal Tenancy Act of 1885 afforded to ryots, in addition due to consideration of the claim that Jotedars were got more freedoms and powers than Zamindars. Others belonged to the intermediate landowning peasant castes such as Sadgops , Aguris , Mahishyas , Rajbongshis , Shershahabadia and the rural, less educated Brahmins . By

512-442: The district , also sometimes translated as county . In neither case is the analogy very exact. Tehsildar is the chief or key government officer of each tehsil or taluka. In some states different nomenclature like talukdar, mamledar, amaldar, mandal officer is used. In many states of India, the tehsildar functions as the executive magistrate of that tehsil. Each tehsil will have an office called tehsil office or tehsildar office at

544-652: The 1920s a gentrified fraction of Jotedars emerged from the more prosperous peasants among the tribes such as Santhals and the Scheduled Castes such as the Bagdi and the Namasudras Jotedars were in actual control of village land and economy for a long period of time in history. Jotedars were pitted against in the Naxalite movement. Mandals In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana ,

576-531: The Maratha government confiscated his holdings but later returned it to his son, whose family continued to hold revenue rights until Independence. It is situated between 22° 33' N to 21°14'N Latitude and 82° 6' to 81° 38'E Longitude . It occupies the south eastern part of the upper Mahanadi River valley and the bordering hills in the south and the east. The district is located on the Chhattisgarh plain,

608-521: The Raipur branch then began to gain strength: one of their kings conquered 18 garh , or forts, of the enemy - lending an etymology to Chhattisgarh , the 36 forts. They ruled until the reign of Amar Singh Deva in 1741. In the mid-16th century, Kalyan Singh, current ruler of Raipur, took audience with Akbar and was rewarded with the title of Raja and other high titles. This was the first Muslim influence in Chhattisgarh, which would always remain limited. By

640-458: The acceptance to practice medicine. Disciples who fail in such examination continue to learn techniques in subsequent years till they succeed to be recognized. Children play 'gedi' (walking on bamboo) from the festival of hareli to pola . They display various feats on gedi and participate in gedi race. Hareli is also beginning of festivals for Chhattisgarhi people. Pola and Teeja follow Hareli. People celebrate POLA by worshipping Bullocks. Bull race

672-566: The areas near the hills being split off when the district was trifurcated. The district borders Baloda Bazar district to the north, Mahasamund district to the east, Gariaband and Dhamtari districts to the south, and Durg and Bemetara districts to the west. The Mahanadi River is the principal river of this district. Raipur district is administratively divided into 4 Tehsils and 4 development blocks. It comprises one Lok Sabha Constituency (Raipur) and 9 Vidhan Sabha (Chhattisgarh Assembly) constituencies. The chief crop of this region

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704-618: The decade 2001-2011 was 34.65%. Raipur has a sex ratio of 983 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 76.43%. 1,276,652 (59.08%) live in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 16.60% and 4.30% of the population respectively. Languages of Raipur district (2011) At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 61.77% of the population in the district spoke Chhattisgarhi , 25.16% Hindi , 3.21% Odia , 1.94% Sindhi , 1.33% Marathi , 1.28% Bengali and 1.01% Urdu as their first language. Bhunjia, spoken by approximately 7000 Bhunjia Adivasis. Chhattisgarhi

736-491: The early 18th century, the Kalachuris had become the overlords of a large number of divided petty chiefdoms, but with little authority. The Kalachuri ruler Raghunath Singh was the final independent ruler from Ratanpur, and in 1740 the Maratha general Bhaskar Pant invaded the region. A despondent, heirless Singh did not put up much resistance, and the Marathas took the region with little loss. Raghunath Singh continued ruling as

768-590: The entirety of Dakshina Kosala. This kingdom's prosperity reached its height with Tivaradeva. His son inscribed almost all temples in Sirpur. They were later ousted by the Sharabpuriyas, who took control of the rest of Chhattisgarh and ruled for several centuries. The Haihayas or Kalachuris, who claimed descent from the Chedis, later took control of the region in the early 9th century. The Haihaiya ruled Mughatunga

800-498: The forests and villages of this district) in the fields and pray for good crop. People also hang small Neem branches at the main entrance of houses on this occasion to prevent occurrence of seasonal diseases. Baigas start teaching medicinal techniques to their disciples starting from Hareli for fifteen days (till panchami the next day of Ganesh Chaturthi). On this day, they examine their disciples for medical skills and if they satisfied with their performance, then traditionally they gives

832-443: The gram panchayats or village panchayats. These panchayats at all three levels have elected members from eligible voters of particular subdivisions. These elected members form the bodies which help the administration in policy-making, development works, and bringing grievances of the common public to the notice of the administration. Nayabat is the lower part of tehsil which have some powers like tehsil. It can be understood as tehsil

864-454: The land and revenue department, headed by the tehsildar; and blocks come under the rural development department, headed by the block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area. Although they may on occasion share the same area with a subdivision of a revenue division, known as revenue blocks , the two are distinct. For example, Raipur district in Chhattisgarh state

896-523: The rest of the Chhattisgarh plain, was once known as Dakshina Kosala and considered to be under Maurya Empire . In Arang near Raipur, a Gupta inscription dated to the 6th century CE shows Gupta hegemony over the region. In the 7th century CE, the region was ruled by a Buddhist kingdom in Bhandak in modern-day Maharashtra and was described by Xuanzang . A branch of this family later migrated to Sirpur in present-day Mahasamund district, and later took control of

928-552: The term tehsil is commonly used in all northern states . In Maharashtra , Gujarat , Goa , Karnataka , Kerala and Tamil Nadu , taluka or taluk is more common. In Eastern India , instead of tehsils, the term Subdivision is used in Bihar , Assam , Jharkhand and West Bengal , as well as large parts of Northeast India ( Manipur , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Sikkim and Tripura ). In Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland , they are called circle . Tehsil/tahsil and taluk/taluka and

960-488: The variants are used as English words without further translation. Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the subcontinent , the word county has sometimes been provided as a gloss , on the basis that a tehsil, like a county, is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city, town, or village, but subordinate to a larger state or province. India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy (or more than one, at least in parts of India):

992-402: Was done for collecting land revenue and administration purposes. But now these subdivisions are governed in tandem with other departments of government like education, agriculture, irrigation, health, police, etc. The different departments of state government generally have offices at tehsil or taluk level to facilitate good governance and to provide facilities to common people easily. In India,

Jotedar - Misplaced Pages Continue

1024-499: Was the first of the dynasty to rule Chhattisgarh, and his grandson set up the capital in Ratanpur, modern Bilaspur district. Their territory included modern Raipur. The Kalachuris controlled the region from Ratanpur the next three centuries, building many temples throughout their kingdom. By the 12th century, many small portions of their realm were given as fiefdoms to minor princes of the family and their power declined. The Haihaiyas of

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