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48-666: Above Jounieh, and on the way to Harissa , a small hill named Bkerké (Arabic: بكركي , or Bkerki ), overlooking the Jounieh bay, is the seat of the Patriarch of the Maronite Catholic Church of Lebanon. Residents of Jounieh and the surrounding towns are overwhelmingly Maronite Catholics . Maameltein is a district of Ghazir village. The history of Jounieh goes back to the time the Phoenicians . The town

96-537: A Lebanese Forces ammunition dump. On 7 May 2005, a car bomb exploded between the Christian Sawt al Mahaba radio station and the Mar Yuhanna Church in Jounieh. The radio station was destroyed and the church suffered major damage. Twenty-two people were wounded. Today, close to 100,000 people reside in Jounieh. Those who live in its suburbs exceed that number. By the middle of the century, it

144-630: A Palestinian military presence in 1973 and the onset of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975. Fouad Chehab died in Beirut in April 1973, at the age of 71. Chehab was married to Rose René Poitieux, a French national. Chehab is seen as the greatest president of the country by several politicians such as Raymond Eddé , journalists such as Samir Atallah and Jihad Al Khazen, and commentators such as Ziad Rahbani . Sheikh Maher Hammoud said that he

192-468: A commercial district whose workers come from neighboring towns.” Jounieh was connected with neighboring areas by roads built for carriages. So it was connected with Bkerké and beyond it during the rule of Dawud Basha, the ruler of Mount Lebanon . It was connected to Ghazir between 1867 and 1868 despite the objection of Ghazir's residents. Another road connected Jounieh to the Beirut Bridge during

240-516: A family that traced its origins to nobility, Chehab joined the French Army in 1919. He was appointed Prime Minister of Lebanon by the outgoing president Bechara El Khoury , who resigned due to widespread demonstrations against his administration, and tasked Chehab with the role of organizing the next presidential election, in which Camille Chamoun was elected. During the 1958 Lebanon crisis between Chamoun and Muslim leaders, he prevented

288-643: A mixed population of Melkite and Maronite Catholics. Harissa is a key Christian pilgrimage site with a shrine dedicated to Our Lady of Lebanon (Notre Dame du Liban). In 1904, Patriarch Elias Hoyek , on the 50th anniversary of the proclamation of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception, announced the foundation of the building of Our Lady of Lebanon. The shrine belongs to the Maronite Patriarchate who entrusted its administration to

336-516: A nature reserve. The pilgrimage site there is a large, 15-ton bronze (and painted white) statue of Virgin Mary , known as Our Lady of Lebanon or Notre Dame du Liban , with her arms stretched. The statue was made at the end of the 19th century and inaugurated in 1908, on land donated by the noble Maronite Khazen clan. Inside the statue's base, there is a small chapel. A huge Brutalist Maronite cathedral built of concrete and glass stands adjacent to

384-408: A path of moderation and co-operating closely with the various religious groups , and with both secular and religious forces, Chehab was able to cool tensions and bring stability back to the nation. In 1960, two years into his six-year presidential mandate, seeing that the country had been stabilised and having paved the way for reforms, Chehab offered to resign. However, he was persuaded by members of

432-772: A stadium, a tourist port, a government house, and infrastructure. President Chehab used a number of experts and engineers headed by the French engineer Ecochard. The talk became of “Monte Carlo of the East” and Jounieh stood out as a bride of the Lebanese coast. In 1959, it started to attract banks, the first which were the Lebanese Commerce Bank and the Lebanese Federal Bank. By 1975 the number of banks reached six and today there are 38 banks in addition to

480-578: A visit to Our Lady Of Lebanon. Fuad Chehab Fouad Abdallah Chehab ( Arabic : فُؤاد عبد الله شِهاب / ALA-LC : Fuʼād ʻAbd Allāh Shihāb ; 19 March 1902 – 25 April 1973) was a Lebanese general and statesman who served as president of Lebanon from 1958 to 1964. He is considered to be the founder of the Lebanese Army after Lebanon gained independence from France , and became its first commander in 1946. Born in Ghazir to

528-454: Is twinned with: Jounieh has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification Csa ). In winter there is much more rainfall than in summer. The average annual temperature in Jounieh is 20.9 °C (69.6 °F). About 873 mm (34.37 in) of precipitation falls annually. Paragliding site in Ghosta, three minutes from Harissa. Since 1992, paragliding above Jounieh

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576-439: Is 8.5 m high, and has a diameter of five meters. The Virgin Mary stretches her hands towards Beirut. The shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon draws millions of faithful both Christians and Muslims from all over the world. The 50th jubilee in 1954 was also the hundredth anniversary of the establishment of the Immaculate Conception. During these Jubilee celebrations, Pope Pius XII sent his representative, Cardinal Angelo Roncalli to Lebanon,

624-528: Is considered one of the best outdoor activities in Lebanon. Every summer, Jounieh International Festival hosts national and international icons, like Mika , Jessie J , Imagine Dragons , Jason Derulo and many others. Casino du Liban offers gaming and shows and is located in the northern part of Jounieh, it is also the biggest one in the Middle East. Lebanese Heritage Museum displays items related to

672-529: Is predicted that Jounieh will become a suburb of Beirut in a coastal line that forms one city that expands the length of the coastal road at a time when the inhabitants of Lebanon will reach six million plus around the year 2025. The population of Jounieh is majority Maronite . As of 2022, the religious make-up of the city's 6,016 registered voters were roughly 65.6% Maronite Catholics , 10.9% Greek Catholic , 8.2% Armenian Orthodox , 6.1% Greek Orthodox , 5.2% Christian Minorities , and 4.0% others. Jounieh

720-600: The Congregation of Maronite Lebanese Missionaries since its foundation in 1904. The original church was built by Sleiman Yakoub Hokayim from Batrun . The mountain is called Harissa (after the village at the peak of the mountain). When it was inaugurated in 1908 the Patriarch dedicated Lebanon to the Virgin Mary: "Oh Mary, Queen of mountains and seas and Queen of our beloved Lebanon ...” Patriarch Hoyek designated

768-570: The Keserwan District of the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon . The municipality mayor from 2016 until 2022 is Mr. Nizar Chemaly. The municipality is located 27 km north of Beirut . Its average elevation is 550 meters above sea level and its total land area is 435 hectares . Harissa is accessible from the coastal city of Jounieh either by road or by a nine-minute journey by a gondola lift , known as

816-598: The Lebanese Forces 10,000 civilians from Beirut arrived in Cyprus over a six-week period. On 24 February 1990 the ferry was attacked by an unidentified naval patrol boat. One passenger was killed and seventeen wounded. In 1997 a catamaran was operating between Larnaca and Jounieh. A return ticket for the four-hour journey cost US$ 100. At the time the average monthly income in Lebanon was US$ 132. On 18 June 1991 six people were killed and 30 wounded after an explosion at

864-755: The Lebanese Parliament to remain in office for the rest of his mandate. On the New Year of 1962, he suppressed an attempted coup by the Syrian Social Nationalist Party , which had been infuriated over his associations with the Nasser regime. To hinder such future threats, he strengthened the Lebanese intelligence and security services to prevent any further foreign interference in Lebanese internal affairs. Chehab's rule

912-803: The Téléphérique . Harissa is home to an important Lebanese pilgrimage site, Our Lady of Lebanon . It attracts both pilgrims and tourists who want to enjoy views of the bay of Jounieh. Daraoun contains three schools, one public and two private, that enrolled a total of 457 students as of 2008, while Harissa had one private school with 242 students during that same time period. There were eight companies with over five employees operating in Daraoun as of 2008, and two companies with over five employees in Harissa during that same period. Daraoun's inhabitants are predominantly Maronite Catholics , while Harissa has

960-520: The Governorate of Beirut. In 1876, the number of shops exceeded 300, five silk factories, three rest houses, a mill, three juice factories, an artificial ice factory, a bank known by its owner's name "Bank Baghos", and a group of small sailboat construction sites. In 1906, according to the Guide to Lebanon by Ibrahim Beik Al-Soud, the population of Jounieh was 2,400, and it had a silk factory owned by

1008-665: The Lebanese Armed Forces in 1945, at which time Lebanon gained its independence upon the end of the French mandate . In 1952, Chehab refused to allow the army to interfere in the uprising that forced Lebanese President Bechara El Khoury to resign. Chehab became the Prime Minister of Lebanon in September 1952, and hold the additional portfolio of defense minister . Chehab was then appointed president with

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1056-482: The Lebanese Central Bank which was established in 1879. The area also witnessed an increase in the price of land from an average of seven to nine Lebanese pounds per square meter between 1950 and 1960 to an average of 25 to 35 Lebanese pounds in 1965. The construction sector developed slowly starting from Sarba to Harat Sakhr, and finally the coast of ‘Alma. The buildings also started expanding around

1104-1054: The Mandate era, Jounieh suffered economic decline and recession as the French administration moved part of Jounieh’s administrative role to the Capital, Beirut . Also Jounieh came out of the First World War weakened by famine and economic stagnation. So several of its inhabitants were forced to move to the capital or to immigrate, and Jounieh lost most of its expertise. Its social and population development stopped, and its economic development weakened. The 1932 statistics showed 1,286 housed in Jounieh: 371 in Sarba, 434 in Ghadir, 350 houses in Harat Sakhr, and 131 in Sahil ‘Alma. This affected

1152-531: The Mid Nineteenth Century , Professor Butrus Al-Boustani said: “Jounieh is a place on the Keserwan coast which has warehouses, stores, and a dye house. Ships and boats bring supplies and its grain trade is very popular. Thus a district of the following villages: Sarba, Ghadir, and Harat Sakhr was named for it. Its total population is 2,500. Jounieh itself is not a residential area but mainly

1200-549: The Nasras, a silkworms choker owned by Moussa de Franj, a silk factory owned by the heirs of Rizkallah and Abdul Ahad Khadra which had 190 wheels and produced 10,000 cocoons, 330 domestic animals, and owned 80 carriages. According to the records of the Keserwan Governorate, the town of Ghadir, in 1914, had 433 corporations and its population was 1,263. The town of Sarba had 213 commercial institutions and its population

1248-463: The army from siding with the government or the opposition, and refused any request to do so. This decision helped keep the army unified and limited losses. He was elected President of Lebanon in the 1958 election , being considered a "consensus option" both internationally and locally, and succeeded Chamoun. As President, Chehab is credited for introducing reforms and social development projects and building modern state institutions. However, his rule

1296-464: The building industry and records in the town hall showed very limited number of permits given from 1922-1940. The only active sectors in that period were schools, small crafts, and planting of citrus trees, sugar cane, and vegetables. This situation stayed the same until the rule of President Fuad Chehab who outfitted the city with all that it needed to become modern. Jounieh then awakened from its slumber with projects for roads, lighting, modern planning,

1344-547: The city as the agricultural sector contracted and became confined to the coasts of Kaslik and some orchards in Ghadir, Harat Sakhr and the coast of ‘Alma. In the beginning of the seventies, Jounieh was transformed to a major and complete tourist center with the tourist network around it and on its edges including: Casino du Liban , the cable cars, the Harisa Church, the caverns in Jeita , restaurants, hotels, nightclubs, and

1392-421: The culture and history of Lebanon. The téléphérique is a gondola lift that operates between Jounieh and Harissa . It offers the passengers beautiful panoramic views of the bay of Jounieh and the coast all the way to Beirut . (See Téléphérique de Jounieh page) Harissa, Lebanon Harissa-Daraoun ( Arabic : حريصا–درعون ) is a municipality that consists of two villages, Harissa and Daraoun , in

1440-420: The duty to ensure an emergency democratic presidential election. Four days later, Camille Chamoun was elected to succeed El Khoury. Chehab was again defense minister from 1956 to 1957. The gerrymandering and the electoral fraud of the 1957 parliamentary election , followed by the dismissal of several pro "pan-Arab" ministers, sparked a pan-Arab Muslim revolt which progressed to the 1958 crisis. To quell

1488-520: The end of the Chehabist reforms and era. The first months of the Frangieh mandate saw the dismantling of the country's intelligence and security services, which had been built by Chehab. They were feared and accused of maintaining a strong grip on political life. That, however, allowed rapidly increasing multiple foreign interference in the internal affairs of the country, soon manifesting itself into

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1536-553: The fact that during the Roman and Byzantine period, many buildings and structures were built over the Phoenicians buildings and some are still visible today. The medieval Muslim historian al-Idrisi (d. 1165) notes that Jounieh was a sea fortress whose inhabitants were Jacobite Christians . The Syrian geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi (d. 1226) called it a dependency of Tripoli . In the sixth part of The Introduction to Jounieh in

1584-712: The first Sunday in the month of May as the Feast of Our Lady of Lebanon. On this day the Maronite patriarch and all the Lebanese bishops celebrate the Divine Liturgy in the open air at the Shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon. Our Lady of Lebanon is one of the most important shrines in the world honoring the Virgin Mary . The shrine is highlighted by a huge, 15-ton bronze statue of the Immaculate Conception, Mother of God. It

1632-474: The later Pope John XXIII. Pope John Paul II visited Our Lady of Lebanon in 1997. The Congregation of Maronite Lebanese Missionaries , responsible for the administration, works at reinforcing relations among all local Churches, Christian communities and apostolic movements. In 2009, the Maronite Patriarch at the time, Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, initiated steps to turn the forest around the church into

1680-516: The next president. Chehab later became dissatisfied with Helou's presidency over the perceived mishandling of the armed presence of Palestinian guerrillas in Southern Lebanon and over Helou's maneuvers to pave the way for the traditional feudal politicians to regain power. Chehab was widely expected to contest the presidential election of 1970, but in a historical declaration, he declared that his experience in office had convinced him that

1728-478: The people of his country were not ready to put aside traditional or feudal politics or to support him in building a modern state. He chose to endorse his protégé, Elias Sarkis , instead. In the closest vote in Lebanese history, Sarkis lost the election to the feudal leader Suleiman Frangieh by a single vote in the National Assembly . The election was regarded as a defeat for the old statesman and marked

1776-542: The port. With the war of 1975, and the division of Beirut into East and West parts and the escalation of the violence, many people fled to safe areas and were organizing their lives in accordance with the new realities. From 1980 to 1990, Jounieh witnessed a massive migration as a large number of the Beirut traders moved to its markets. Buildings took over its green spaces, and the tourist complexes took over its shores. So its features changed randomly though it benefited from

1824-412: The rule of Rustum Basha. To the north it was connected by a carriage's road until Batroun during the rule of Wasa Basha (1883–1892). In 1892, Jounieh was connected to Beirut via a railroad that had stations between the two locations, three of which in Jounieh and its environs: Sarba, Jounieh, and Mu’amilitain at the end of the line, which facilitated the transportation of goods and passengers from and to

1872-673: The statue. It was completed in 1992, and has a height of 62 metres. Among other churches of various Christian denominations in the vicinity of Harissa are the Byzantine-style , Melkite Greek Catholic basilica of St. Paul , located south of the statue and built between 1948 and 1998, the Apostolic Nunciature (Papal Embassy), as well as the residences of four patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches . On 10 May 1997, Pope John Paul II visited Harissa. On 15 September 2012, Pope Benedict XVI visited Harissa, including

1920-481: The traditional feudal, confessional, and clan-based politicians, who saw their grip on power diminishing. In 1964, Chehab, whose presence at the head of the country was still seen by many as the best option for stability and future reforms, refused to allow the Lebanese Constitution to be amended to permit him to run for another presidential term. He backed the candidacy of Charles Helou , who became

1968-552: The uprising, Chamoun, with the help of his assistant Tanner Wilhelm Hale, requested American intervention, and US Marines soon landed in Beirut . Widely trusted by the Muslims for his impartiality and now supported by the Americans, Chehab was chosen as the consensus candidate to succeed Chamoun as president to restore peace to the country. On taking office, Chehab declared, "The revolution has no winners and no losers". Following

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2016-461: The use of the tourist port for commerce. During the Civil War the ferry making the 120 mile journey from Jounieh to Larnaca was the only way to travel in and out of Lebanon for those living in the areas controlled by Christian militias. Over the fourteen years from 1975 an estimated 990,000 Lebanese left the country, up to 40% of the population. During the 1989 fighting between General Aoun and

2064-609: Was 1,714. In Harat Sakhr, there were 165 corporations and its population was 808. In Sahil ‘Alma, there were 21 corporations its population reached 187. Jounieh had seen noticeable prosperity after France and the Maronite Patriarchy supported the opening a port for commercial ships which became (with the Al-Nabi Younes Port on the Chouf Coast) the official port of Mount Lebanon . In 1913 and during

2112-483: Was a delicate balancing act of maintaining relative harmony between the nation's Christian and Muslim populations. He followed the path and principles of dialogue and moderation coupled with public reforms, which came to be known as Chehabism. Generally deeply respected for his honesty and integrity, Chehab is credited with a number of reform plans and regulations to create a modern administration and efficient public services. That eventually brought him into conflict with

2160-605: Was a member of the Maronite Christian family of Chehab , a dynasty which ruled Mount Lebanon under Ottoman rule until the establishment of the Mutasarrifate in 1842. His great-grandfather, Hassan Chehab, was the eldest brother of Bashir Shihab II , who ruled Lebanon for 40 years. Chehab's father Abdallah tried to immigrate to the United States in 1910, but the family never heard from him again. He

2208-455: Was an important trading center along the Lebanon coastline. In those days the port was an important one during winter, as it served as a safe spot for ships sailing south to Byblos . This gave the place the name of the name of "Palaebyblus" that means 'Before Byblos”. In his geographic description the Greek historian Strabo mentions this town. The reason few remains can be seen today is due to

2256-400: Was described as autocratic , and saw an increase in the role of military and intelligence in politics. His political approaches, known as " Chehabism " influenced later presidents Charles Helou and Élias Serkis . He died in 1973, two years before the civil war . Born in 1902, Chehab was the eldest son of Abdallah Chehab and Badiaa Hbeich, and had two younger brothers, Farid and Chakib. He

2304-705: Was last seen in Marseille and it has been speculated that he died while on a ship transporting him there. In 1921, Chehab joined the French Military School in Damascus , Syria, and graduated as a lieutenant in 1923. He was promoted to captain in 1929, and headed the Rashaya casern. He later studied at the École Supérieure de Guerre in Paris , France, during the 1930s. Chehab became Commander of

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