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31-695: Along with Baidoa , it used to form the joint administrative capital of the Transitional Federal Government , which it captured from the Islamic Courts Union . The city lies 90 km (50 mi) along a major road north of the national capital of Mogadishu . During the Middle Ages, Jowhar and much of the surrounding area in southern Somalia was governed by the Ajuran Empire . The town later came under

62-477: A lingua franca, which is learned via mass communications, internal migration and urbanization. Baidoa has a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSh ), as with much of southern Somalia. By contrast, towns in the northern part of the country generally have a hot arid climate (Köppen BWh ). Baidoa has a large secondary school, from which around 580 pupils graduated per year in 2008. As of 2012, several other high schools were in development. Tertiary education in

93-582: A six region Southwestern Somalia state consisting of the Bay, Bakool, Lower Shabelle , Gedo , Middle Jubba and Lower Jubba provinces. From 2022 to 2023, the region was hit by record-breaking drought. According to the UNDP, the population of Baidoa was 370,000 in 2005. The city is situated at the center of one of the most densely populated areas in the nation. It is an ethnically and culturally diverse town, with many local residents originating from other parts of

124-518: Is bordered by the Somali regions of Bakool , Hiran , Lower Shebelle (Shabeellaha Hoose), Middle Juba (Jubbada Dhexe), and Gedo . Baidoa used to be the capital of the old Upper Juba region, which today also includes Gedo, Bakool, and most parts of the Middle Juba region. The present regions were created in the 1970s by the then ruling military regime. The capital of Bay is Baidoa . During

155-436: Is the main hub of the Somali inter-riverine region and state capital of Bay Region. It was traditionally known as Baydhabo Jinaay (the heavenly Baydhabo) or ll Baydhabo (the spring of Baydhabo). The city was founded at the edge of the main highlands known as magniafulka where the ll springs originate, a prime grazing area. Legend states that a bird pecked the ground with its beak and would signal people to come and discover

186-524: The Baidoa Airport . Sitting at an elevation of 1,520 feet (463 m), it has a 9843 × 131 ft (3000 × 40 m) asphalt runway. The airport has fuel services, a terminal building, storage container, on-site warehouse, and radio towers. Baidoa is administratively divided into four districts : Bay, Somalia Bay ( Somali : Baay , Arabic : باي , Italian : Bai ) is an administrative region ( gobol ) in southern Somalia . It

217-709: The Ethiopian invasion of Somalia in late December 2006, Bay region witnessed a series of fierce, concurrent battles lasting nine days between the invading Ethiopian military and the Islamic Courts Union . The region is mainly inhabited by the Rahanweyn people. According to the Population Estimation Survey (2014) (282), the division of population in the Bay region was as follows: 93,046 urban inhabitants, 463,330 rural settlers, 195,986 nomadic and 39,820 internally displaced persons (IDPs), making

248-615: The Ethiopian invasion of Somalia , the city was captured from the Islamic Courts Union during the Battle of Jowhar on December 27, 2006. ICU insurgents recaptured Jowhar on 12 July 2008 and took over the towns administration. On May 17, 2009, the Islamist al-Shabab militia took the town, and imposed new rules, including a ban on handshaking between men and women. TFG and ICU paramilitary forces were dispatched to seize back

279-612: The Somali Youth League ; the rest of the city was held by the members of the Hizbiya Digil-Mirifle. With an agro-pastoral economy, common livestock include goats and camels, with the main agricultural produce being sorghum. Pre- civil war Bay state was home to the largest camel population in Somalia, with above 1.3 million camels. Post independence, Baidoa would attract many international projects such as

310-556: The African continent in 1905 and liked the place. The Duke raised funds to build dams, roads, a railway , schools, hospitals, a church and a mosque . The village called Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi (or Villabruzzi ) was founded as an agricultural settlement in Italian Somalia experimenting with new cultivation techniques. In 1926, the colony comprised 16 villages, with some 3,000 Somali and 200 Italian inhabitants. It

341-455: The Ajuran with a people known to Somalis Madanle (Maaanthinle, Madinle, etc.) who were celebrated well-diggers in southern Somalia. Many traditions ascribe Madanle origins to Baidao and were attributed to stone-built rectangular enclosure in the deep interior so far adequately described. Baidoa is said to have solid stone and mortar walls ruins some four foot six inches high in places. This affirms

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372-774: The Bay Agricultural Development Project. Baidoa incurred significant damage in the early 1990s, following the start of the civil war . In September 1995, United Somali Congress militia attacked and occupied the town. The Australian contingent of Unified Task Force UNISOM1 , running the Baidoa Humanitarian Relief Sector from January 1993, found themselves dealing primarily with the 'Somali Liberation Army' Duduble sub-clan of Aideed's USC. "They were able to provide an ongoing flow of funds to Aideed in Mogadishu from

403-516: The College of Education, the College of Health and Environmental Sciences, and the College of Jurisprudence. Additionally, an Institute of Social Research is being developed. Plans are also in the works to construct a new campus in an area around 15 km north of Baidoa, as well as two new branches in two other principal cities in the Bay region. Schools: Air transportation in Baidoa is served by

434-773: The Southwestern State was officially dissolved after its leader Shatigadud had joined the Transitional Federal Parliament in November 2004 and later became Minister of Finance in January 2005 in the Transitional Federal Government (TFG), the TNG's successor. In early 2005, the TFG sent official delegations to Baidoa and Jowhar to assess the suitability of each city as a temporary headquarters for

465-491: The TFG against the advancing Islamic Courts Union , initially winning the Battle of Baidoa . On 28 December 2006, the allied forces recaptured the capital from the ICU. The offensive helped the TFG solidify its rule. On 8 January 2007, for the first time since taking office, President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed entered Mogadishu from Baidoa to engage in consultations with local business, religious and civil society representatives as

496-662: The TFG before an eventual relocation of government offices to Mogadishu. In June–July 2005, the Transitional Federal Government established an interim seat in Jowhar due to ongoing insecurity in the capital. To strengthen its presence in the town, the central authorities built an improved airport and inaugurated the Duduble Canal. The TFG later moved its temporary headquarters to Baidoa. In December 2006, Ethiopian troops entered Somalia to assist

527-509: The TFG moved its base to the national capital. Following its defeat, the Islamic Courts Union splintered into several different factions. Some of the more radical elements, including al-Shabaab, regrouped to continue its insurgency against the TFG and oppose the Ethiopian military's presence in Somalia. Throughout 2007 and 2008, Al-Shabaab scored military victories, seizing control of key towns and ports in both central and southern Somalia. At

558-608: The administration of the Hiraab Imamate in the late 17th century after the collapse of the powerful Ajuran Empire . At the turn of the 20th century, Jowhar was incorporated into Italian Somaliland . After independence in 1960, the city was made the center of the official Jowhar District . The Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi was founded by a senior member of the Italian Royal Family , H.R.H. Principe Luigi Amedeo, Duca degli Abruzzi in 1920, who first came to

589-642: The benadir coast to settle in what came to be known as (Buula Benadir) (the Benadir quarter). Menelik II of Ethiopia invaded Baidoa in the late 19th century, but was pushed back under Sultan Osman Ahmed rule. The Italians occupied the city in July 1913. During the British military occupation (1941–1950), the Bardaale Quarter, where Somali clients and employees of the British lived, was the stronghold of

620-524: The city is served by the University of Southern Somalia . After a considerable planning stage, the institution was established in 2007 by a group of Somali scholars and intellectuals. Inaugural classes began the following year, in August 2008. University representatives concurrently announced plans to develop four colleges: the College of Science, Agriculture, and Engineering, the College of Social Science,

651-561: The country. Additionally, Baidoa is the heartland of Maay , an Afro-Asiatic language principally spoken by the Digil and Mirifle ( Rahanweyn ) clans in the southern regions of Somalia. Its speech area extends from the southwestern border with Ethiopia to a region close to the coastal strip between Mogadishu and Kismayo. Maay is not mutually comprehensible with Standard Somali , and it differs considerably in sentence structure and phonology. However, Maay speakers often use Standard Somali as

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682-521: The end of 2008, the group had captured Baidoa but not Mogadishu. In February 2012, Somali government forces and allied Ethiopian troops re-captured Baidoa from Al-Shabaab. In December 2013, a convention began in Baidoa between Federal Government officials and local representatives with the aim of establishing an autonomous state in the area under the Provision Federal Constitution . Two simultaneous political processes for

713-416: The establishment of a new Southwestern State of Somalia were underway: one led by former Parliament Speaker Sharif Hassan Sheikh Adan , which proposed a three region state consisting of the Bay, Bakool and Lower Shabelle provinces; another led by convention organizer Malaq Ali Shino, former MP Madobe Nunow Mohamed and erstwhile Bay region Governor Abdifatah Geesey, which proposed instead the re-establishment of

744-532: The more stable areas in the south. In 2002, the RRA's leader Hasan Muhammad Nur Shatigadud founded the Southwestern State of Somalia regional administration, with its headquarters in Baidoa. The creation of the autonomous state was a move to show the RRA leadership's disaffection with the nascent Mogadishu -based Transitional National Government , which had been established two years earlier. In 2005,

775-524: The pristine land. The shrine of Obo Esherow, the patron Sufi mystic/saint of Baidoa, has been honoured for over four centuries. Baidoa and the broader Bay region is home to a number of important ancient sites. Archaeologists have found pre-historic rock art on the city's outskirts, in Buur Heybe. During the medieval period, Baidoa was founded and settled by the Madanle clan and many traditions link

806-470: The proceeds of their activities in the Bay region, while enriching themselves in the process." They remained in control of Baidoa until around January 1996, while the local Rahanweyn Resistance Army militia continued to engage the USC in the town's environs. In 1999, the RRA seized control of the wider Lower Shabelle, Gedo, Bay and Bakool provinces. The town and larger region gradually rebounded to become among

837-414: The town for a month. Part of the parliament became based in Jowhar, while some ministries were established in Mogadishu. By February 2006, despite Ghedi's security concerns, the two leaders had left to Baidoa, where it was decided the parliament would convene. The district had estimated population of 269,851 as of 2014, a survey was done by (UNDP) in 2014 and it is primarily inhabited by Abgal clan. During

868-480: The town of Baidoa were to form a joint administrative capital of the Transitional Federal Government , sited away from Mogadishu for security reasons. Continued fighting threatened to derail the peace process. However, in July 2005, President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed relocated to the town from his base in Bosaso , moving the process forward and joining Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Ghedi , who had already been resident in

899-564: The town. On December 9, 2012, Somali National Army forces assisted by AMISOM troops re-captured the city from the militants. Baidoa Baidoa ( Arabic : بَيْطَبَوْ , Somali (Af-Maxaa): Baydhabo , Maay : Baydhowy ) is the largest city of the South West State of Somalia . Between 2002 and 2014, Baidoa was the capital of the South West State. In 2014, the capital was changed to Barawa . Baydhabo

930-489: The traditions that Baidoa during Ajuran was a large town and a trading hub center. Baidoa was captured by Sultan Ibrahim Adeer who defeated the Madanle section of Ajuran and expelled them from the region. The city population was eventually replaced by Mirifle and the city reached its golden age under Geledi Sultanate rule. It was crossroads of caravan trade. Baidoa city was surrounded with large walls with one fortified gate. It attracted many merchants and farmers from

961-455: Was commonly known as Villabruzzi . Starting around 1911, Italians like the Duca degli Abruzzi started to take the local farmers and resettle them in specific new villages in an attempt to improve the economy of Italian Somalia. The area around Villabruzzi was the most agriculturally developed of Somalia before World War II and had some food industries. As part of a 2004 agreement, Jowhar and

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