16-519: Schloss Johannisburg is a schloss in the town of Aschaffenburg , in Franconia , in the state of Bavaria , Germany. It was erected between 1605 and 1614 by the architect Georg Ridinger [ de ] for Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg , Prince Bishop of Mainz. Until 1803 , it was the second residence of the Archbishop and Prince Elector of Mainz . It is constructed of red sandstone ,
32-458: A stately home or country house . Most Schlösser were built after the Middle Ages as residences for the nobility, not as true fortresses, although originally, they often were fortified. The usual German term for a true castle is Burg , while that for a fortress is Festung (sometimes also Veste or Feste ), and typically either Palast or Burg for a palace. However, the term Schloss
48-414: A statue of Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg, holding a model of the castle. The castle is built from Buntsandstein , notably from the quarries of Obernburg and Miltenberg . Although the exterior walls are largely devoid of ornamentation, numerous artistic carvings were added to the gables and the gateways. The castle is one of the main attractions of Aschaffenburg and its landmark. Schloss Johannisburg
64-711: Is one of the most important buildings of the Renaissance period in Germany. Schloss Johannisburg is open to the public and hosts several museums: Staatsgalerie Aschaffenburg , a gallery of paintings (with works by Lucas Cranach the Elder ), the Paramentenkammer of the palace chapel (with vestments from the former treasury of Mainz Cathedral ), the residential rooms (furnished in Neoclassical style) and
80-533: Is still used for many castles, especially those that were adapted as residences after they lost their defensive significance. Many adaptations took into account new tastes arising during the Renaissance and Baroque periods. Like a castle, a Schloss may be surrounded by a moat ; it is then called a Wasserschloss ( water castle ). Other related structure types include the Stadtschloss (a city palace),
96-890: The Jagdschloss (a hunting lodge), and the Lustschloss (a pleasure palace or summer residence). Although they appeared much earlier than the period defined by this term, medieval Carolingian Kaiserpfalzen structures are sometimes considered as being Schlösser in nature. Among those that would qualify are the Palace of Aachen and the Imperial Palace of Goslar . (Relating to places in use for long periods of times, having been extended and perhaps having had renovations in different styles than those of their respective eras – and therefore, displaying at least two and often, multiple styles) In another context, Schloss
112-627: The Scandinavian languages , the cognate word slot / slott is normally used for what in English could be either a palace or a castle (instead of words in rarer use such as palats / palæ , kastell , or borg ). In Dutch, the word slot is considered to be more archaic. Nowadays, one commonly uses paleis or kasteel . But in English, the term does not appear; for instance, in the United Kingdom , this type of structure would be known as
128-509: The German Renaissance. The castle sits on a terrace overlooking the river, which Ridinger expanded in area and height, elevating the castle above even the highest flood lines. Four wings surround an almost square interior court. The buildings have three floors each with the exterior structured only by fascia and a central three-tiered transverse gable in each roof. A tower is located on each the four corners, extending outward beyond
144-599: The Municipal Palace Museum (arts and handicraft). There is also the world's largest collection of architectural models made from cork , built by court confectioner Carl May and his son after 1792. Schloss Schloss ( German pronunciation: [ˈʃlɔs] ; pl. Schlösser ), formerly written Schloß , is the German term for a building similar to a château , palace , or manor house . Related terms appear in several Germanic languages. In
160-429: The building line. From a square foundation the towers turn octagonal from the seventh floor upwards. The towers are topped by slate roofs with roof lanterns . The symmetry of the structure is only broken by the old keep which extends into the courtyard from the north wing. It is crowned by a steep roof with four small decorative towerlets at the corners. This roof design was in contrast to Ridinger's plans, who had intended
176-403: The central keep to mirror the appearance of the castle's corner towers. Small round stairway towers are located in the four corners of the court. The Schlosskirche or chapel is in the north wing. It extends through the ground and upper floor, with a rib vault referencing Gothic style . The chapel's altar, made from alabaster and marble, is by Hans Juncker [ de ] . It features
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#1732782830612192-475: The summer residence of the King, who referred to Aschaffenburg as his "Bavarian Nice ". He commissioned the construction of a Roman villa known as Pompejanum within sight of the palace. The palace was nearly destroyed by US artillery in the closing days of World War II . Rebuilding started in 1951 and took more than twenty years. Schloss Johannisburg is one of the few mostly symmetrical palace buildings of
208-543: The taxes of his fief: Eichsfeld , Erfurt and the Mainzer Oberstift (the part of the Electorate administered from Aschaffenburg) made the largest financial contributions. A keep from the destroyed 14th-century castle that had formerly stood on the site was included in the construction and is the oldest part of the castle. The prior castle had been burned down along with most of the town on 10 August 1552 by
224-619: The territory of Aschaffenburg — turned into the newly created Principality of Aschaffenburg — and was awarded other territories in compensation for territories west of the Rhine, including Mainz, which were annexed by France. From 1810 to 1813, Aschaffenburg was part of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . Aschaffenburg and Schloss Johannisburg then passed to the Kingdom of Bavaria . During the reign of Ludwig I , Schloss Johannisburg served as
240-687: The troops of Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach . Until the end of the ecclesial principalities in Germany in 1803, Schloss Johannisburg was the second residence of the Prince Bishop of Mainz , the first residence being the Electoral Palace in Mainz . At the end of the 18th century, the interior had been restructured in the style of Classicism (or Neoclassicism) by Emanuel Herigoyen [ de ] . Karl Theodor von Dahlberg , Archbishop of Mainz in 1803, retained
256-545: The typical building material of the Spessart , the hills near Aschaffenburg. Schloss Johannisburg is located in the city of Aschaffenburg , in the district of Lower Franconia of the state of Bavaria , Germany. It is situated in the center of the city, overlooking the river Main . The palace was erected between 1605 and 1614 by the architect Georg Ridinger [ de ] for Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg , Archbishop of Mainz. The considerable expense came from
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