39-597: John Bodenham (c. 1559–1610), an English anthologist , was the patron of some of the Elizabethan poetry anthologies. Bodenham was the eldest of the five children of William Bodnam, a London grocer, and Katherine Wanton of York. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School . According to Arthur Henry Bullen in the Dictionary of National Biography , Bodenham did not himself edit any of the Elizabethan miscellanies attributed to him by bibliographers. He simply projected
78-570: A 5-7-7 ending The briefest chōka documented is Man'yōshū no. 802, which is of a pattern 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7-7. It was composed by Yamanoue no Okura in the Nara period and runs: 瓜食めば 子ども思ほゆ 栗食めば まして偲はゆ 何処より 来りしものそ 眼交に もとな懸りて 安眠し寝さぬ Uri hameba Kodomo omohoyu Kuri hameba Mashite shinowayu Izuku yori Kitarishi monoso Manakai ni Motona kakarite Yasui shi nasanu When I eat melons My children come to my mind; When I eat chestnuts The longing
117-582: A certain dilution) when it achieved widespread recognition. In this model, which derives from Chinese tradition, the object of compiling an anthology was to preserve the best of a form, and cull the rest. In Malaysia , an anthology (or antologi in Malay ) is a collection of syair , sajak (or modern prose), proses , drama scripts, and pantuns . Notable anthologies that are used in secondary schools include Sehijau Warna Daun , Seuntai Kata Untuk Dirasa , Anak Bumi Tercinta , Anak Laut and Kerusi . In
156-603: A general term for poetry composed in Japanese, and included several genres such as tanka ( 短歌 , "short poem") , chōka ( 長歌 , "long poem") , bussokusekika ( 仏足石歌 , " Buddha footprint poem") and sedōka ( 旋頭歌 , "repeating-the-first-part poem") . However, by the time of the Kokinshū ' s compilation at the beginning of the tenth century, all of these forms except for the tanka and chōka had effectively gone extinct, and chōka had significantly diminished in prominence. As
195-429: A more flexible medium than the collection of a single poet's work, and indeed rang innumerable changes on the idea as a way of marketing poetry, publication in an anthology (in the right company) became at times a sought-after form of recognition for poets. The self-definition of movements, dating back at least to Ezra Pound 's efforts on behalf of Imagism , could be linked on one front to the production of an anthology of
234-572: A number of differing forms, principally tanka ( 短歌 , "short poem" ) and chōka ( 長歌 , "long poem" ) , but also including bussokusekika , sedōka ( 旋頭歌 , "memorized poem" ) and katauta ( 片歌 , "poem fragment" ) . These last three forms, however, fell into disuse at the beginning of the Heian period , and chōka vanished soon afterwards. Thus, the term waka came in time to refer only to tanka . Chōka consist of 5-7 on phrases repeated at least twice, and conclude with
273-475: A result, the word waka became effectively synonymous with tanka , and the word tanka fell out of use until it was revived at the end of the nineteenth century (see Tanka ). Tanka (hereafter referred to as waka ) consist of five lines ( 句 , ku , literally "phrases") of 5-7-5-7-7 on or syllabic units. Therefore, tanka is sometimes called Misohitomoji ( 三十一文字 ) , meaning it contains 31 syllables in total. The term waka originally encompassed
312-446: A variant name is yamato-uta ( 大和歌 ) . The word waka has two different but related meanings: the original meaning was "poetry in Japanese" and encompassed several genres such as chōka and sedōka (discussed below); the later, more common definition refers to poetry in a 5-7-5-7-7 metre . Up to and during the compilation of the Man'yōshū in the eighth century, the word waka was
351-541: A way of providing "traditional feeling expressed in genuine Japanese way". He wrote waka, and waka became an important form to his followers, the Kokugaku scholars. In Echigo Province a Buddhist priest, Ryōkan , composed many waka in a naïve style intentionally avoiding complex rules and the traditional way of waka. He belonged to another great tradition of waka: waka for expressing religious feeling. His frank expression of his feeling found many admirers, then and now. In
390-526: Is even worse. Where do they come from, Flickering before my eyes. Making me helpless Endlessly night after night. Not letting me sleep in peace? The chōka above is followed by an envoi ( 反歌 , hanka ) in tanka form, also written by Okura: 銀も 金も玉も 何せむに まされる宝 子にしかめやも Shirokane mo Kugane mo tama mo Nanisemu ni Masareru takara Koni shikame yamo What are they to me, Silver, or gold, or jewels? How could they ever Equal
429-611: The Man'yōshū and other ancient sources exist. Besides that, there were many other forms like: Waka has a long history, first recorded in the early 8th century in the Kojiki and Man'yōshū . Under influence from other genres such as kanshi , novels and stories such as Tale of Genji and even Western poetry, it developed gradually, broadening its repertoire of expression and topics. The literary historian Donald Keene used four large categories The most ancient waka were recorded in
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#1732800934166468-694: The Five Men of the Pear Chamber to compile the Gosen Wakashū , in addition to preparing kundoku readings for the Man'yōshū , which by that time was already difficult for even educated Japanese to read. In 1005 Emperor Ichijō commanded the compilation of the Shūishū . The above three court anthologies, in addition to the five following anthologies, are known as the "Collections of Eight Ages" ( 八代集 , Hachidai-shū ) , and were all compiled during
507-560: The Greek Anthology . Florilegium , a Latin derivative for a collection of flowers, was used in medieval Europe for an anthology of Latin proverbs and textual excerpts. Shortly before anthology had entered the language, English had begun using florilegium as a word for such a collection. The Palatine Anthology , discovered in the Palatine Library , Heidelberg in 1606, is a collection of Greek poems and epigrams that
546-695: The Heian period . After the Heian period, during the Kamakura period and later, renga , a form of collaborative linked poetry, began to develop. In the late Heian period, three of the last great waka poets appeared: Fujiwara no Shunzei , his son Fujiwara no Teika , and Emperor Go-Toba . Emperor Go-Toba ordered the creation of a new anthology and joined in editing it. The anthology was named Shin Kokin Wakashū . He edited it again and again until he died in 1239. Teika made copies of ancient books and wrote on
585-556: The Muromachi period , renga became popular in the court and people around it. It spread to the priestly classes and thence to wealthy commoners. In much the same way as waka, renga anthologies were produced under the imperial aegis. As momentum and popular interest shifted to the renga form, the tanka style was left to the Imperial court. Conservative tendencies exacerbated the loss of life and flexibility. A tradition named Kokin-denju,
624-586: The English language in the 17th century, from the Greek word, ἀνθολογία ( anthologic , literally "a collection of blossoms", from ἄνθος , ánthos , flower), a reference to one of the earliest known anthologies, the Garland ( Στέφανος , stéphanos ), the introduction to which compares each of its anthologized poets to a flower. That Garland by Meléagros of Gadara formed the kernel for what has become known as
663-488: The World's Greatest Diarists , published in 2000, anthologises four centuries of diary entries into 365 'days'. [REDACTED] Media related to Anthologies at Wikimedia Commons Waka (poetry) Waka ( 和歌 , "Japanese poem") is a type of poetry in classical Japanese literature . Although waka in modern Japanese is written as 和歌 , in the past it was also written as 倭歌 (see Wa , an old name for Japan), and
702-510: The cities, a comical, ironic and satiric form of waka emerged. It was called kyōka (狂歌), mad poem, and was loved by intellectual people in big cities like Edo and Osaka . It was not precisely a new form; satirical waka was a style known since ancient times. But it was in the Edo period that this aspect of waka developed and reached an artistic peak. Still, most waka poets kept to ancient tradition or made those reformation another stereotype, and waka
741-463: The court to cultivate native talent and look inward, synthesizing Chinese poetic styles and techniques with local traditions. The waka form again began flourishing, and Emperor Daigo ordered the creation of an anthology of waka, where the waka of ancient poets and their contemporaries were collected; the anthology was named " Kokin Wakashū ", meaning Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poems . It
780-412: The early Edo period, waka was not a fashionable genre. Newly created haikai no renga (of whose hokku , or opening verse, haiku was a late 19th-century revision) was the favored genre. This tendency was kept during this period, but in the late Edo period waka faced new trends from beyond the court. Motoori Norinaga , the great reviver of the traditional Japanese literature, attempted to revive waka as
819-484: The first edition of Arthur Quiller Couch 's Oxford Book of English Verse (1900). In East Asian tradition, an anthology was a recognized form of compilation of a given poetic form . It was assumed that there was a cyclic development: any particular form, say the tanka in Japan , would be introduced at one point in history, be explored by masters during a subsequent time, and finally be subject to popularisation (and
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#1732800934166858-589: The greater treasure That is a child? They can not. [English translation by Edwin Cranston ] In the early Heian period (at the beginning of the 10th century), chōka was seldom written and tanka became the main form of waka. Since then, the generic term waka came to be almost synonymous with tanka. Famous examples of such works are the diaries of Ki no Tsurayuki and Izumi Shikibu , as well as such collections of poem tales as The Tales of Ise and The Tales of Yamato . Lesser forms of waka featured in
897-405: The heritage of Kokin Wakashū, was developed. It was a system on how to analyze the Kokin Wakashū and included the secret (or precisely lost) meaning of words. Studying waka degenerated into learning the many intricate rules, allusions, theories, and secrets, so as to produce tanka that would be accepted by the court. There were comical waka already in the Kojiki and the Man'yōshū , but
936-405: The historical record the Kojiki and the 20 volumes of the Man'yōshū , the oldest surviving waka anthology. The editor of the Man'yōshū is anonymous , but it is believed that the final editor was Ōtomo no Yakamochi . He was a waka poet who belonged to the youngest generation represented in the anthology; indeed, the last volume is dominated by his poems. The first waka of volume 1
975-417: The like-minded. Also, whilst not connected with poetry, publishers have produced collective works of fiction and non-fiction from a number of authors and used the term anthology to describe the collective nature of the text. These have been in a number of subjects, including Erotica , edited by Mitzi Szereto , and American Gothic Tales edited by Joyce Carol Oates . The Assassin's Cloak: An Anthology of
1014-487: The noble style of waka in the court inhibited and scorned such aspects of waka. Renga was soon in the same position with many codes and strictures reflecting literary tradition. Haikai no renga (also called just haikai (playful renga)) and kyōka, comical waka, were a reaction to this seriousness. But in the Edo-period waka itself lost almost all of its flexibility and began to echo and repeat old poems and themes. In
1053-451: The occasion of someone's death), and other miscellaneous topics. During the Nara period and the early Heian period, the court favored Chinese-style poetry ( kanshi ) and the waka art form largely fell out of official favor. But in the 9th century, Japan stopped sending official envoys to Tang dynasty China . This severing of ties, combined with Japan's geographic isolation, essentially forced
1092-668: The publication of them and befriended their editors. This article about a writer or poet from the United Kingdom is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Anthologist In book publishing , an anthology is a collection of literary works chosen by the compiler; it may be a collection of plays, poems, short stories, songs, or related fiction/non-fiction excerpts by different authors. There are also thematic and genre-based anthologies. Complete collections of works are often called " complete works " or " opera omnia " ( Latin equivalent). The word entered
1131-518: The theory of waka. His descendants, and indeed almost all subsequent poets, such as Shōtetsu , taught his methods and studied his poems. The courtly poetry scenes were historically dominated by a few noble clans and allies, each of which staked out a position. By this period, a number of clans had fallen by the wayside, leaving the Reizei and the Nijō families; the former stood for "progressive" approaches,
1170-509: The twentieth century, anthologies became an important part of poetry publishing for a number of reasons. For English poetry , the Georgian poetry series was trend-setting; it showed the potential success of publishing an identifiable group of younger poets marked out as a 'generation'. It was followed by numerous collections from the 'stable' of some literary editor, or collated from a given publication, or labelled in some fashion as 'poems of
1209-564: The varied use of the "ten styles" and novelty, while the latter conservatively hewed to already established norms and the "ushin" (deep feelings) style that dominated courtly poetry. Eventually, the Nijo family became defunct, leading to the ascendancy of the "liberal" Reizei family. Their innovative reign was soon deposed by the Asukai family, aided by the Ashikaga shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshinori. In
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1248-492: The year'. Academic publishing also followed suit, with the continuing success of the Quiller-Couch Oxford Book of English Verse encouraging other collections not limited to modern poetry. Not everyone approved. Robert Graves and Laura Riding published their Pamphlet Against Anthologies in 1928, arguing that they were based on commercial rather than artistic interests. The concept of 'modern verse'
1287-462: Was based on the lost 10th Century Byzantine collection of Constantinus Cephalas, which in turn was based on older anthologies. In The Middle Ages, European collections of florilegia became popular, bringing together extracts from various Christian and pagan philosophical texts. These evolved into commonplace books and miscellanies , including proverbs, quotes, letters, poems and prayers. Songes and Sonettes , usually called Tottel's Miscellany ,
1326-412: Was by Emperor Ōjin . Nukata no Ōkimi , Kakinomoto no Hitomaro , Yamabe no Akahito , Yamanoue no Okura , Ōtomo no Tabito and his son Yakamochi were the greatest poets in this anthology. The Man'yōshū recorded not only the works of the royalty and nobility, but also works of soldiers and farmers whose names were not recorded. The main topics of the Man'yōshū were love, sadness (especially on
1365-490: Was compiled by Ki no Tsurayuki , Ki no Tomonori , Ōshikōchi no Mitsune and Mibu no Tadamine on the orders of Emperor Daigo in 905. It collected roughly 1,100 waka that had not appeared in the Man'yōshū into 20 volumes, arranged by theme. The Kokinshū poems are generally considered to be reflective and idealistic. Roughly half a century after the compilation of the Kokinshū , in 951, Emperor Murakami commanded
1404-474: Was fostered by the appearance of the phrase in titles such as the Faber & Faber anthology by Michael Roberts in 1936, and the very different William Butler Yeats Oxford Book of Modern Verse of the same year. In the 1960s The Mersey Sound anthology of Liverpool poets became a bestseller, plugging into the countercultural attitudes of teenagers. Since publishers generally found anthology publication
1443-645: Was presented to the emperor in 905. This was the first waka anthology edited and issued under imperial auspices, and it commenced a long and distinguished tradition of imperial anthologies of waka that continued up to the Muromachi period. The first three imperially-commissioned waka anthologies ( 三代集 , Sandai-shū ) were the Kokin Wakashū , the Gosen Wakashū and the Shūi Wakashū . The Kokinshū
1482-483: Was the first of the great ballad collections, responsible for the ballad revival in English poetry that became a significant part of the Romantic movement. William Enfield 's The Speaker; Or, Miscellaneous Pieces was published in 1774 and was a mainstay of 18th Century schoolrooms. Important nineteenth century anthologies included Palgrave's Golden Treasury (1861), Edward Arber 's Shakespeare Anthology (1899) and
1521-548: Was the first printed anthology of English poetry. It was published by Richard Tottel in 1557 in London and ran to many editions in the sixteenth century. A widely read series of political anthologies, Poems on Affairs of State , began its publishing run in 1689, finishing in 1707. In Britain, one of the earliest national poetry anthologies to appear was The British Muse (1738), compiled by William Oldys . Thomas Percy 's influential Reliques of Ancient English Poetry (1765),
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