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77-536: John Marshall Park is a park located in the Judiciary Square neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The park is in honor of John Marshall , a U.S. Representative (1799-1800), Secretary of State (1800-1801), and the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1801–1835). A cast of the sculpture Chief Justice John Marshall , sculpted by William Wetmore Story in 1883, is situated on the north end of

154-652: A contributing property to the proposed Judiciary Square Historic District. Joseph James Darlington was born February 10, 1849, in Due West, South Carolina . His parents had chosen to move to Due West because the town's schools had a good reputation of educating children. Darlington and one of his siblings attended Erskine College , earning his Bachelor of Arts degree when he was 19. Later that year, he began teaching, moving several times to other towns in South Carolina where he not only taught in schools, but worked as

231-497: A few doors down from architect Charles Bulfinch . The First Unitarian Church, designed by Bulfinch and now known as All Souls Church, Unitarian , was built in 1822 at the corner of 6th and D Streets. Other buildings constructed in the 1820s include a Masonic Temple and First Presbyterian Church, located on 4 1/2th Street, the Wesley Methodist Church, Trinity Episcopal Church , designed by James Renwick Jr. ,

308-463: A fire broke out inside the hospital, resulting in several deaths. A new hospital, U.S. General Hospital, was constructed in the Square, as was the nearby Providence Hospital , which survived for almost 100 years. One building constructed during the war and faced the Square contained a small library, founded by Elida B. Rumsey, and her fiancé, John A Fowle. Congress allocated money for them to construct

385-614: A gentle and gracious spirit. The Christian religion found in him a rare advocate and exemplar." There were additional calls for a memorial by members of the Washington Bar Association (WBA). Members of the WBA funded the project at a cost of $ 9,173. Six sculptors submitted three designs that the United States Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) received, and German-American C. Paul Jennewein 's design

462-519: A jail, later nicknamed the McGurck Jail after a murderer was confined there until his execution, in the center of the Square. George Hadfield designed the $ 8,000 two-story building. Robert King produced a fourth version of a city map which showed Judiciary Square as rectangular. The first major building erected in the area was the District of Columbia City Hall , designed by Hadfield, which

539-422: A lot would be the cure. By 1881, he returned to teaching, this time at his alma mater, Columbian Law School. He remained there until 1896, when he left to continue writing his law school book. The book was a success and used for decades at the college's law school. Darlington died on June 24, 1920, and there was an immense outpouring of praise from people involved with religious, judicial, and commercial interests. He

616-615: A modern atrium to the rear of the building and installing an underground courtroom. Outside this rear entrance is the National Law Enforcement Museum. Another museum that opened nearby was in the Keck Center, home of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, until it closed in 2017. The Newseum opened on Pennsylvania Avenue in 2009, but closed ten years later. It now houses

693-410: A one-story building on the Square to use as a library, which was completed on their wedding day in 1863. As the war continued in 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated , shocking the city's residents. An association was soon formed to raise money for a monument to the slain president. On the three year anniversary of Lincoln's death, the statue of Abraham Lincoln by sculptor Lot Flannery

770-520: A private tutor as well. Darlington took music lessons and would sing at night in one of the drawing rooms. In 1872, he accepted a teaching job in Rome, Georgia , where he remained for several years before moving to Washington, D.C. , to practice law. When Darlington arrived in Washington, D.C., he came with an introduction letter written by Alexander H. Stephens , who had served as Vice President of

847-489: A small public restroom, adding footpaths, narrowing the roads on the southern end of the Square, and adding a fountain in the Square. The school and old jail were demolished by 1878 and replaced with green space and the Goose Creek was drained. The goal was to make the Square a landscaped area similar to ones designed by Andrew Jackson Downing . Expansion of City Hall based on the design of Edward Clark began in 1882,

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924-402: A small raised platform, is looking at the nymph. The marble pedestal, which is 4-feet (1.2 m) high and 3.6-feet (1.1 m) wide, is octagonal-shaped and made of marble. On four of the pedestal's sides are water spouts. The basin, which is also marble, measures 1.3-feet (0.4 m) tall and has a diameter of 18-feet (5.5 m). The interior lining of the basin is covered with pebbles. The area surrounding

1001-439: A successful book, which was used for decades by other law students. When he died in 1920, Darlington received an outpouring of support from politicians, lawyers, and his religious friends. A memorial was planned one year after Darlington's death. There were several submissions for a memorial and Jennewein, a successful German-American sculptor, was selected for the project. The fountain and its sculpture were paid for by members of

1078-576: A trash bin when the water feature doesn't work. The similarities between the fountain and Spirit of Justice , a statue by Jennewein in the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building, were brought to attention in 2002 when U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft ordered a "modesty curtain" be installed in front of the statue to hide an exposed breast. The fountain is located on the southwest corner of Judiciary Square in Judiciary Park, which

1155-616: Is Abraham Lincoln (1868), located in front of the old City Hall. The second oldest is Chief Justice John Marshall (1883) by William Wetmore Story , sited in John Marshall Park. The Albert Pike Memorial , which no longer features the statue of Albert Pike , was torn down by protesters after the murder of George Floyd due to Pike being a former general in the Confederate Army . The 1923 Darlington Memorial Fountain , which includes two bronze statutes on top of

1232-578: Is a 2013 statue in front of the Fire Station 2. The neighborhood is served by two forms of public transit. Entrances to the Judiciary Square station on the Washington Metro 's Red Line are on the northern and eastern ends of the Square. The second form is Metrobus with several bus stops in the neighborhood and nearby vicinity, including ones on 6th Street, E Street, H Street , and Pennsylvania Avenue. Other forms of transportation in

1309-477: Is a sculpture by C. Paul Jennewein atop a fountain in honor of Joseph James Darlington. It is located at Judiciary Park, where 5th Street, D Street, and Indiana Avenue NW intersect in the Judiciary Square neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The fountain is surrounded on three sides by government buildings, including the United States Court of Military Appeals , the H. Carl Moultrie Courthouse , and

1386-508: Is exemplified by a maiden so tender and gentle that the most timid of God's animals does not hesitate to seek her protection." In November 1923, the 100 members of the Darlington Memorial Committee including chairman Charles C. Glover met at the home of attorney Frank J. Hogan to discuss the fountain's unveiling. The design of the sculpture, which features a nude woman, received mixed reactions. Some members of

1463-682: Is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites (DCIHS), as a part of the L'Enfant Plan , which was added to the DCIHS on March 7, 1968, and the NRHP on April 24, 1997. A large portion of the neighborhood also contains contributing properties to the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site , listed on the NRHP on October 15, 1966, and

1540-438: Is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . On June 19, 1973, it was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites . The fountain is also a contributing property to the proposed Judiciary Square Historic District. The National Park Service maintained the fountain until 1970, when ownership was transferred to the city's government. Since it was installed, the fountain has sometimes been treated as

1617-610: Is the third sculpture in front of the Prettyman Courthouse and was installed in 1954. The abstract sculpture, She Who Must Be Obeyed , is in between the Henry Daly Building and Frances Perkins Building . It was created by Tony Smith and installed in 1975. The Chess Players is on the east side of John Marshall Park and was installed in 1983. The National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial and its bronze lions were completed in 1991. Ashes to Answers

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1694-404: Is where 5th Street, D Street, and Indiana Avenue NW intersect. The United States Court of Military Appeals is sited behind the fountain, the H. Carl Moultrie Courthouse is across the street, and to the east of the fountain is the old District of Columbia City Hall . On the southeast corner of 4th and D Streets NW is a similarly shaped park, which lacks any art. The fountain is also referred to as

1771-497: The All Souls Church, Unitarian ). Other denominations soon followed with building impressive structures, such as Trinity Episcopal Church . The area became a fashionable place to live, despite many lots on the northern side being undeveloped, and Goose Creek passing through the neighborhood. Prominent residents during the 19th-century include Vice President John C. Calhoun , statesman Daniel Webster , Chief Justice of

1848-581: The Capitol Hill neighborhood. His first dollars from the practice were given to Fifth Baptist Church, where he would attend for decades, as Darlington was a very religious person who read parts of the Bible each day, and did not smoke or gamble. Darlington's passion for law combined with his friendly personality endeared him to many in the community, including other lawyers. After the death of his second wife, Darlington became depressed, and decided working

1925-601: The General Jose de San Martin Memorial , by sculptor Augustin-Alexandre Dumont , was installed in the center of the Square, where it remained for several decades. The Albert Pike Memorial , designed by sculptor Gaetano Trentanove , was installed across the street from the Square in 1901. In the early decades of the 20th-century, the German immigrant population was replaced with Greek, Irish, and Italian immigrants, and

2002-481: The Great Depression , there were often homeless people sleeping in the Square each night. Police officers would wake them up before government and commercial employees arrived for work. The rise of automobile ownership wreaked havoc to the Square. Some of the outer edges were turned into parking spaces, and when those were full, some commuters would park on the Square's sidewalks and green space. As part of

2079-584: The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine , although it incorporates the façades of several historic buildings. When the decision was made to create a new capital city after the Revolutionary War , President George Washington selected engineer and architect Pierre Charles L’Enfant to design it. The L'Enfant Plan was presented in 1791, which included numerous large squares, connected by avenues. In L'Enfant's plan,

2156-703: The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies . The District government finalized a deal in 2010 with the Louis Dreyfus Group to construct Capitol Crossing , a 2,100,000-square-foot (200,000 m ) mixed-use development in the airspace over the Center Leg Freeway ( Interstate 395 ). The $ 1.3 billion office, residential, and retail project at the east end of the Judiciary Square neighborhood will also restore

2233-848: The Public Works Administration during the Great Depression, additional court buildings were constructed on the Square: the District of Columbia Recorder of Deeds Building, the Municipal Court Building, and the D.C. Juvenile Court Building. All four buildings are cohesive in design. Additional local and federal buildings constructed around this time include the Henry Daly Building , the E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse , and

2310-602: The US General Accounting Office Building , the United States Court of Military Appeals Building , and the United States Tax Court Building . The Albert Pike Memorial and George Gordon Meade Memorial are collectively listed with 16 other monuments on the NRHP and DCIHS as Civil War Monuments in Washington, D.C. There are many public artwork and monuments in the Judiciary Square neighborhood. The oldest one

2387-417: The Washington Bar Association . After the United States Commission of Fine Arts approved his design, Jennewein began working on the project. The sculpture was ready by 1922, but the remaining pedestal and basin were not yet completed. When it was finished in late 1923, the unveiling of the fountain revealed a naked woman, something that was the source of many complaints about the artwork. During later years,

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2464-555: The White House , and the Supreme Court Building. After L'Enfant was fired and replaced with Andrew Ellicott , there were several changes made to the Square's plans, including size of the Square, removing building sites, and adding cross-through streets. The neighborhood around the planned Square was on sloping land that gradually reached street level at Pennsylvania Avenue. Goose Creek ran diagonally through

2541-482: The 1910s and the grounds further landscaped. The statue of Lincoln was removed during renovations, but was returned after complaints from citizens. In 1923, the Washington Bar Association installed the Darlington Memorial Fountain in honor of one its members. The bronze fountain with statues, designed by C. Paul Jennewein , was placed on the southwest corner of the Square. The following year

2618-451: The 20th-century, the area became less residential, especially after the construction of multiple judicial buildings. Most prominent citizens had already left the area to live in more fashionable neighborhoods. The area became mostly a neighborhood where office and judicial employees worked. With the construction of the Judiciary Square station, there was a sharp increase in commercial development. The largest project, Capitol Crossing , began in

2695-477: The 21st-century. There are many public artworks in the neighborhood, in addition to the Lincoln statue. The list includes the Darlington Memorial Fountain , George Gordon Meade Memorial , and Chief Justice John Marshall . Most of the neighborhood is listed as contributing properties to the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site , and the Square itself is included in the historic landmark designation for

2772-626: The American Theater, and public baths. The area's houses of worship were numerous. In addition to the aforementioned churches, German immigrants built St. Mary Mother of God Church and a synagogue for the Washington Hebrew Congregation . Years later, the Adas Israel Synagogue was built at 6th and G Streets by Eastern European and Russian Jews. A new jail designed by Robert Mills was built on

2849-699: The Confederate States of America during the Civil War . The letter was given to Richard T. Merrick , a leader in the city's bar . Darlington began studying law at the Columbian Law School (now the George Washington University Law School ), and quickly advanced through his courses, earning a Bachelor of Laws in 1875. Darlington and his friend, Talmadge A. Lambert, opened their own practice in

2926-626: The DCIHS on June 19, 1973. Additional structures listed on both the NRHP and DCIHS include: the Adas Israel Synagogue , the District of Columbia City Hall , which is also a National Historic Landmark (NHL), the E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse , Germuiller Row , the Harrison Apartment Building , the Henry Daly Building , the Moran Building , the National Building Museum (NHL),

3003-595: The General Jose de San Martin Memorial was moved and now stands along Virginia Avenue . The station opened in 1976. There was a boon in development around the neighborhood after the Metro station was announced. The United States Tax Court Building at 3rd and D Streets was completed in 1974, and the following year, the H. Carl Moultrie Courthouse opened across from the Square's southern end. The Judiciary Plaza Office Building, designed by Vlastimil Koubek and across

3080-563: The Joseph Darlington Fountain, Nymph and Fawn , and the Darlington Fountain. The sculpture is made of gilded bronze. It is five-feet (1.5 m) tall and 3-feet (0.9 m) wide. The nymph is standing beside a fawn and placing her left hand on the fawn's back. Her right arm is raised, with her thumb and one finger pointing towards the sky. Around her arms and behind her back is a drape. The fawn, standing on

3157-498: The Judiciary Square neighborhood. Most of the remaining houses built in the 19th-century were converted into boarding houses. After the city's John A. Wilson Building was constructed in 1908, the old City Hall housed the United States District Court for the District of Columbia , and the District of Columbia Court of Appeals moved into a new building on the Square. The old City Hall was refurbished in

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3234-502: The L'Enfant Plan. Additional historic buildings besides City Hall and the Pension Building include the Adas Israel Synagogue , the E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse , Germuiller Row , and the Henry Daly Building . The Judiciary Square plaza, which encompasses 18 acres (7.3 ha), is on Squares 487E, 488E, and 489E, and is bounded by 4th Street to the east, 5th Street to the west, D Street and Indiana Avenue to

3311-423: The Square in addition to another tributary of the creek entering from the north. Another plan for the city was completed in 1797 by James R. Dermott. Washington and President John Adams both selected this plan, which was more cohesive and did not include planned buildings, to be the final draft. The map includes the name, Judiciary Square, which does not appear on the L'Enfant Plan or Ellicott Plan. Development

3388-402: The U.S. Supreme Court Roger B. Taney , and architect Charles Bulfinch . During the Civil War , the buildings and open lots around the Square were commandeered to treat wounded Union soldiers. At the beginning of the war, the Square's hospital was destroyed in a fire, so another hospital opened on the Square. There was also a large brick jail on the Square, that probably hindered development in

3465-571: The area that become Judiciary Square was Reservation 7 on land owned by David Burnes, and one of the largest out of the original 17 parcels included in his plan. It was designed to be three square blocks, in an area that would be home to the United States Supreme Court Building and other judicial buildings. The plan was to create a design that would form a triangle between the United States Capitol ,

3542-628: The area's original L'Enfant Plan street grid by reconnecting F and G Streets over the freeway. The project awaited final regulatory approval for several years and construction began in 2016. Part of the construction process necessitated moving the Adas Israel Synagogue, which had been moved twice decades earlier for construction projects. The original building and a modern addition are now the Lillian & Albert Small Capital Jewish Museum , which opened in 2023. Judiciary Square itself

3619-451: The city nearly quadrupled between 1860 and 1900, and many of the new residents lived in older houses and alley dwellings. The neighborhood, which had been a fashionable area for a few decades, saw wealthier residents move to other areas of the city as more working-class people moved into Judiciary Square. A streetcar line on F Street led to rapid commercial development on the neighborhood's west side. The first apartment building constructed in

3696-457: The eastern side of Judiciary Square became an enclave of Italians, the equivalent of a Little Italy , though it was never called that. The Italian neighborhood rested on the eastern edge of the square proper, stretching eastward to about 2nd Street. The heart of the community was Holy Rosary Church , a chapel built at 3rd and F Streets. By the 1920s, buildings along G Street were mostly restaurants and shops that catered to office workers. During

3773-651: The following decades, Judiciary Square had a heavily residential population. By the 1850s-1860s, its proximity to the courthouses attracted lawyers, judges, and clerks to the neighborhood, while its location between the White House and the Capitol made it ideal for government employees. Among its most prominent residents around this time were Chief Justice Roger B. Taney , Senator Thomas Hart Benton , Vice President John C. Calhoun , statesman Daniel Webster , and Mayor Richard Wallach . There were still many empty lots on

3850-474: The following years. Development in the neighborhood was slow during the first half of the 19th-century. There were only a few shanties and a small hospital utilized by recent immigrants. When construction of the District of Columbia City Hall began in 1820, it led to an increase in development around the Square. Houses and places of worship were built, including the First Unitarian Church (now

3927-466: The former District of Columbia City Hall . Darlington (1849–1920) was a native of South Carolina who worked as a teacher for several years before moving to Washington, D.C. He took classes at the Columbian Law School (now the George Washington University Law School ), and founded a law practice with a friend after they graduated. Darlington earned a reputation as a religious and friendly person. He stopped teaching law classes and focused on writing

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4004-477: The fountain came from Representative James F. Byrnes and Senator Frank B. Brandegee . On March 3, 1923, an Act of Congress approved the installation of the fountain on federal land, with a few exceptions, such as the National Mall and United States Capitol Complex . The location chosen for the fountain was chosen because Darlington spent much time in the area's court buildings, and one of his offices

4081-457: The fountain was often broken and the basin was used as a trash can. The National Park Service , which owned and maintained the fountain, transferred ownership to the Government of the District of Columbia . The fountain is one of many contributing properties to the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site , which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. It is also

4158-455: The fountain, was installed in 1923. The next oldest public artwork in the neighborhood is the large George Gordon Meade Memorial , designed by Charles Grafly and erected in 1927, which stands in front of the E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse. The statue of William Blackstone , designed by Paul Wayland Bartlett and installed in 1943, is also located in front of the Prettyman Courthouse. Trylon of Freedom by C. Paul Jennewein

4235-548: The large US General Accounting Office Building . In the 1960s, due to growing traffic issues, there were plans for a Metro transit system to be built in Washington, D.C. Construction of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) headquarters on the corner of 5th and F Streets was completed in 1974. Groundbreaking for the Judiciary Square station, designed by Harry Weese , took place in 1969. During construction,

4312-442: The largest atrium in Washington, D.C., became the place where many United States presidential inauguration balls took place. By the end of the 1880s, most lots around the Square were developed, with houses and offices for lawyers, doctors, and professors. Some of the earlier buildings on 4 1/2 Street were demolished to make way for John Marshall Park , which includes the sculpture Chief Justice John Marshall . The population of

4389-620: The neighborhood include Capital Bikeshare stations at 4th and D Streets, and 5th and F Streets. A few blocks east of Judiciary Square is Washington Union Station , where commuters on the MARC Train and Amtrak arrive. Darlington Memorial Fountain The Darlington Memorial Fountain , also known as the Joseph Darlington Fountain , Nymph and Fawn , and Darlington Fountain ,

4466-438: The neighborhood was the Harrison Apartment Building , at the corner of 3rd and G Streets. This led to additional apartment buildings being constructed in the area. By the end of 19th century, many office buildings were constructed in the neighborhood, signaling a transformation of the surrounding area from residential to commercial. The city saw additional growth in the population and more apartment buildings were constructed in

4543-409: The north and east sides of the Square during this period, possibly due to the sloping terrain or proximity to the jail. During the Civil War , the buildings surrounding the Square were commandeered by the federal government and used as medical facilities for wounded Union soldiers. The Washington Infirmary Hospital was also converted into a military hospital. Tragedy struck on November 3, 1861, when

4620-580: The north side of the Square, the Pension Building , was completed in 1887. By that time the residents in the neighborhood were mostly lawyers, doctors, professors, and other white-collar professions, due to the proximity of the city hall, hospital, and Columbian College , now known as George Washington University . The installation of streetcars resulted in further development. It was around this time, several older buildings on 4 1/2 Street were demolished and replaced with John Marshall Park . During

4697-605: The northeast corner of the Square in 1839, replacing the one built in 1802. The former jail was renovated into the Washington Infirmary Hospital, operated by Columbian College, now known as George Washington University . A few years later public school Fifth Street Schoolhouse was built near the hospital.. In 1840, the Rittenhouse Academy opened at 3rd Street and Indiana Avenue, which was a sign that area residents could afford tuition. In

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4774-415: The park. Playing chess was "a favorite pastime" of Marshall. The sculpture The Chess Players is located on the east side of the park. This District of Columbia related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Judiciary Square The Square was included in the 1791 L'Enfant Plan , which planned the layout of the nation's new capital. The plans were slightly altered during

4851-472: The public including church clergy were appalled at the public display of nudity. Darlington's pastor, John E. Briggs, said Darlington would not approve of the sculpture. The idea of Darlington's memorial featuring a nude pagan shocked many. When the unveiling ceremony took place, and the sculpture was revealed, it had been turned around to face the United States Court of Military Appeals . Jennewein immediately had workers turn her back around so she would face

4928-540: The same year the cornerstone was laid for the massive Pension Building (now known as the National Building Museum ), designed by Montgomery C. Meigs and located on the northern end of the Square. The building was inspired by the Palazzo Farnese , Palazzo della Cancelleria , and the Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri . The building encompassed 112,500 square feet (10,450 m ) of the Square, and with

5005-432: The south, and F Street to the north. The Judiciary Square neighborhood, which encompasses Squares 486, 488, 489, 490, 518, 529, 531, and 533, is roughly bounded by C Street, Constitution Avenue , and Pennsylvania Avenue to the south, 3rd and 4th Street to the east, G Street to the north, and 6th Street to the west. Along the north side of the Square is the Judiciary Square station of the Washington Metro . Many of

5082-545: The street from the Square, was completed in 1981. The Canadian embassy, on the southern border of the neighborhood, was built in 1989. There were plans to demolish the Pension Building, but due to historic preservationists, it was converted into the National Building Museum in the 1980s. In 1989, the Square was chosen to be the site where a memorial to police officers who died in the line of duty would be built. The National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial

5159-472: The street. When asked why a nude statue was chosen, Jennewein replied she was "direct from the hand of God instead of from the hands of a dressmaker." Hogan tried to calm or deflect the criticism by pointing out the CFA had approved the design. On October 15, 1966, the fountain and many of the surrounding buildings were designated contributing properties to the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site , which

5236-411: The structures in the Square are judicial buildings, owned by either the federal or local government, as was originally planned in the early history of the neighborhood. The neighborhood includes additional judicial and municipal buildings, commercial buildings, residential properties, and a church. South of the Square is John Marshall Park , which provides nearby workers a place to gather. Two buildings to

5313-424: The vicinity. After President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated , local citizens raised money to install a statue of Lincoln that became the nation's first memorial to the slain president. Alexander "Boss" Shepherd improved many areas of the neighborhood by having the streets graded and paved, sewer lines installed, and adding landscaping, which created a park-like setting in the Square. A massive new building on

5390-560: The west of the park are the Embassy of Canada and the former Newseum , both of which are modern structures. Additional modern structures in the neighborhood include the Judiciary Square station entrance, the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial and associated National Law Enforcement Museum , the H. Carl Moultrie Courthouse , Engine Company No. 2, John Marshall Park and its statues, and

5467-612: Was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery . The Southern Baptist Convention voted in 1921 to erect a memorial in Darlington's honor. The resolution stated in part: "He became eminent in his profession, being regarded by many as the ablest lawyer in the District of Columbia. He was constantly before the United States Supreme Court in cases of National note" and "His great intellectuality, his legal and literary attainments and his versatile accomplishments were crowned by

5544-557: Was completed in 1991 and includes four bronze lion sculptures. During the 1990s, additional office buildings were constructed in the neighborhood, including the FBI District of Columbia Field Office, Koubek's One Judiciary Square , and the Judiciary Center. The building boom extended into the next decade. Construction projects in the 2000s included an $ 85 million renovation of the old City Hall, which included adding

5621-417: Was constructed from 1820 to the 1840s. Despite the building not being completed, the city government and circuit court for Washington County, D.C. , moved into it beginning in 1822. After city hall came into use, there was development in the neighborhood. Architect James Hoban lived in a house on the corner of 5th and D Streets. The city's registrar, William Hewitt, built a large home near 6th and D Streets,

5698-527: Was installed in front of City Hall, becoming the first monument in the nation honoring Lincoln. In the years following the war, there was a large influx of people moving into the city, but many areas had not yet been graded or plotted. Alexander "Boss" Shepherd was responsible for large-scale improvements to the city. This included modernizing the Judiciary Square neighborhood with public work projects, including paved roads, adding sewer lines, and landscaping public land. Additional improvements included building

5775-532: Was on the opposite corner of the memorial. Site work for the fountain began in September 1923, when workers began laying the foundation. The following month the finished sculpture was placed atop its pedestal. The sculpture had been completed the previous year and it was displayed in Baltimore and New York City until the rest of the memorial was ready. In describing the sculpture, Jennewein said "humanity

5852-608: Was selected in 1921. His initial design was for the memorial to be a drinking fountain. Some of Jennewein's other works in Washington, D.C., include dozens of sculptural elements inside the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building , the Trylon of Freedom in front of the E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse , and sculptures for the Rayburn House Office Building . Congressional support for

5929-480: Was slow around the Square. By 1802, there were six shanties occupied by Irish immigrants on the southern edge of the Square. There was also a small hospital around the Square to treat immigrants workers. That building was later converted into a poorhouse . The last building around the square at that time was a barn, which housed prisoners waiting to be transferred to other facilities. In 1802, the U.S. Congress ordered local government official Daniel Brent to construct

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