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47-485: John Stevens may refer to: Architecture and engineering [ edit ] John Stevens (inventor, born 1749) (1749–1838), American engineer who developed the multitubular boiler engine and the screw propeller John Stevens (architect) (1824–1881), American architect John Calvin Stevens (1855–1940), American architect John Frank Stevens (1853–1943), builder of

94-518: A Committee of Safety; it shepherded documents drafted to establish a provisional government. The Committee of Safety expressed concern for the safety and property of American residents in Honolulu. Minister Stevens, advised about these supposed threats to non-combatant American lives and property by the Committee of Safety, obliged their request and summoned a company of uniformed U.S. Marines from

141-505: A built a single screw steamboat using a rotary steam engine, a primitive single stage turbine. However, due to poor sealing, the design was abandoned and he would switch to using more conventional reciprocating engines for future steamboats. In 1804, Stevens built the Little Juliana , a twin screwed steamboat. She was one of the first steamboats to incorporate twin screws and a high pressure steam engine. She successfully sailed down

188-505: A commissioner to the Islands to assess the situation, who reported that the newly established protectorate be withdrawn as unnecessary. Envoy Stevens immediately resigned and returned to Maine, where he spent his time in public denunciation of the new administration's Hawaiian policy. The Blount Report commissioned by President Grover Cleveland was submitted on July 17, 1893, and found Stevens guilty of inappropriate conduct in support of

235-670: A minister representing the United States government. Stevens joined the United States Department of State and was appointed successively minister to Paraguay , Uruguay , Sweden and Norway , and finally to Hawaii , an appointment pushed by his old partner Blaine, who had risen to United States Secretary of State . When Stevens was named to the Hawaiian post, his title was changed to Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary, indicating his rise within

282-632: A strange volume of part memoir, part travelogue and part political tract meant to provide a rationale for his actions in the Islands. During his life, Stevens authored several other books, including a two-volume biography of Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus and his involvement in the Thirty Years War , praised by The New York Times as showing "extensive research and much patient reading." The prolific Stevens also authored assorted letters, speeches and tracts, many of them advocating his Manifest Destiny views on American foreign policy. Stevens

329-564: A two-story Federal style dwelling with twelve rooms. Stevens made improvements to the estate, including a half-mile race track. He later sold the property to John Church Cruger (1807–1879), husband of Euphemia Van Rensselaer, daughter of Stephen Van Rensselaer . The Crugers named the estate "Annandale". In 1776, at age 27, he was appointed a captain in Washington 's army in the American Revolutionary War . During

376-454: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages John Stevens (inventor, born 1749) Col. John Stevens, III (June 26, 1749 – March 6, 1838) was an American lawyer, engineer, and inventor who constructed the first U.S. steam locomotive , first steam-powered ferry, and first U.S. commercial ferry service from his estate in Hoboken . He

423-597: Is still owned by Stevens's descendants. The tea service, and the career of its controversial owner, were the subject of a Public Broadcasting Service documentary in 1998 entitled The Nation Within . A one-act play entitled "Cry for the Gods" was written by Judge Paul Handy which presents a dramatized, fictional meeting between Stevens and the Queen on the night of January 16, 1893. It has been performed in Maryland and as part of

470-570: The Boston and two companies of U.S. sailors to land on the Kingdom and take up positions in strategic locations in Honolulu on the afternoon of January 16, 1893. 162 sailors and Marines aboard the Boston came ashore well-armed but under orders of neutrality. They were positioned around Royal residences and Hawaiian government installations, not around United States citizens' quarters. Having observed

517-581: The Attorney General of New Jersey , and Mary (née Spratt) Provoost Alexander (1693–1760), herself a prominent merchant in New York City. His paternal grandfather, John Stevens, emigrated from London England around 1695, and was married to Mary Campbell. He graduated King's College (which became Columbia University ) in May 1768. After his graduation from King's College, he studied law and

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564-611: The Canadian Pacific Railway in 1886. Seeking to capitalize on the new transcontinental link in Canada , British capitalists were said to welcome the addition of the Hawaiian Islands as an English protectorate. For aggressive Manifest Destiny advocates like Stevens, the telegraphing of English intentions – even by diplomatic innuendo – signaled the need for a preemptive American response. At

611-637: The Blount and Morgan Reports are cited by partisans on both sides to support their claims about the legitimacy or lack thereof of the overthrow. In 1993, Congress passed and the President signed an Apology Resolution apologizing for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii a century before. Based on the Blount Report and other historical analyses, the Resolution subsequently became a touchstone in

658-673: The Continental Congress John Stevens (English politician) (born 1955), founder of the Pro-Euro Conservative Party John Stevens (Tennessee politician) (born 1973), Tennessee State Senator John Stevens (New Hampshire politician) (1783–1848), New Hampshire politician John Stevens (New Zealand politician) (1845–1916), politician J. Christopher Stevens (1960–2012), American diplomat, U.S. ambassador to Libya John L. Stevens (1820–1895), U.S. Ambassador to

705-641: The Great Northern Railway in the U.S., chief engineer on the Panama Canal John H. Stevens (1820–1900), built the first house west of the Mississippi in what is now Minneapolis, Minnesota John Howard Stevens (1879–1958), American architect Business [ edit ] John Austin Stevens (banker) (1795–1874), American John J. Stevens (1852–1928), American businessman John Peters Stevens (1868–1929), CEO of

752-548: The Hawaiian overthrow Stevens helped engineer – and an event said to have sent the diplomat into crippling depression. Hon. John L. Stevens died at his home in Augusta, Maine, at 4 a.m. on February 8, 1895, of heart disease. In 1898 the United States government officially annexed Hawaii. A seven-piece silver service made of melted silver dollars and given to Stevens after his Hawaiian tenure by pro-Annexation forces in Hawaii

799-570: The Hudson in May 1804. In 1806, he built the Phoenix , a steamboat that ultimately sailed from Hoboken to Philadelphia in 1809, thereby becoming the first steamship to successfully navigate the open ocean. In October 1811, Stevens' ship the Juliana began operation as the first steam -powered ferry (service was between New York City, and Hoboken, New Jersey ). The first railroad charter in

846-807: The J.P. Stevens Textile Corporation Entertainment [ edit ] John A. Stevens (1844–1916), American playwright and actor John Stevens (drummer) (1940–1994), English drummer and founding member of the Spontaneous Music Ensemble John D. Stevens (born 1951), American composer and tuba player John Stevens (singer) (born 1987), American Idol contestant Steve Brodie (actor) (1919–1992), American actor, born John Stevens, or John Stevenson Law [ edit ] John Sanborn Stevens (1838–1912), Illinois lawyer John Paul Stevens (1920–2019), U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice John Stevens, Baron Stevens of Kirkwhelpington (born 1942), former Commissioner of

893-1190: The Kingdom of Hawai'i John Shorter Stevens (1933–2019), American lawyer and politician John Valentine Stevens (1852–1925), British trade unionist and politician Sports [ edit ] Cricket [ edit ] John Stevens (cricketer, born 1769) (1769–1863), English cricketer, mostly played for Essex John Stevens (cricketer, born 1854) (1854–?), English cricketer John Stevens (cricketer, born 1875) (1875–1923), English cricketer John Stevens (New Zealand cricketer) (1828-1873), New Zealand cricketer John Stevens (Victoria cricketer) (1811–1891), Indian-born Australian cricketer John Stevens (New South Wales cricketer) (born 1948), Australian cricketer Other sports [ edit ] John Stevens (footballer) (born 1971), Australian rules footballer John Stevens (ice hockey) (born 1966), Canadian ice hockey player and coach John Cox Stevens (1785–1857), American yachtsman John Stevens (baseball umpire) (1912–1981), American baseball umpire Other people [ edit ] John Stevens (translator) (died 1726), Hispanist and translator John Austin Stevens (1827–1910), founder of

940-737: The Metropolitan Police John Morgan Stevens (1876–1951), justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi Military [ edit ] John Harvey Stevens (died 1866), Royal Marines officer John Stevens (Royal Navy officer) (1900–1989), British admiral John Stevens (admiral) (born 1927), Australian Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (1979–1981) Politics [ edit ] John Stevens (MP for Hythe) (fl.1571), MP for Hythe John Stevens (New Jersey politician) (c. 1716–1792), delegate to

987-550: The Pacific. That night, Stevens and American-Hawaiian businessmen Sanford Dole and Lorrin Thurston met to hatch "an audacious plot to overthrow Hawaii's Queen and bring her country into the United States," writes New York Times reporter Stephen Kinzer in his book Overthrow . The immediate event which precipitated the meeting was Queen Lili'uokalani's attempt to promulgate a new constitution which would have restored many of

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1034-592: The Queen's nationalist sympathies. He asked that a United States warship, the USS ; Boston be stationed indefinitely in Honolulu harbor . In March 1892 envoy Stevens wrote to United States Secretary of State James G. Blaine , his old newspaper partner, asking how far he might deviate from standard State Department rules if a native revolutionary movement emerged. "The golden hour is near at hand," Stevens later wrote his old partner and friend Blaine. "So long as

1081-1022: The Sons of the Revolution John Stevens (Wisconsin inventor) (1840–1920), of the flour roller mill John Robert Stevens (1919–1983), American Christian preacher John Stevens (academic) (1921–2002), English musicologist, literary scholar and historian John Stevens (crime reporter) (1929–2016), for the London Evening Standard John Stevens (scholar) (born 1947), aikido teacher, Buddhist priest and teacher See also [ edit ] Jon Stevens (born 1962), New Zealand singer John S. Stevens (disambiguation) , several people John Stephens (disambiguation) Johnny Stevens (1912–1981), American baseball umpire Johnny Stevens (singer) , singer from rock band Highly Suspect Jack Stevens (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

1128-633: The State Department. Soon after his installation in Hawaii, Stevens began writing about the islands, in a steady stream of pamphlets and speeches, including his December 19, 1891, speech delivered at Founder's Day celebrations of the Kamehameha School, entitled Advice to Young Hawaiians , and his later The Hawaiian Situation tract, written with Eugene Chamberlain and William Springer. Envoy Stevens had gone on-the-record about his Manifest Destiny views concerning close allies of

1175-542: The U.S. was given to Stevens and others in 1815 for the New Jersey Railroad . The charter essentially gave Stevens and his partners, through the Camden & Amboy Railroad , a monopoly on railroads in the state of New Jersey. In 1825, he designed and built a steam locomotive, which he operated on a circle of track at his estate in Hoboken, New Jersey . On October 17, 1782, he married Rachel Cox (1761–1839),

1222-460: The United States. On February 9, 1893, Stevens acted preemptively, establishing a protectorate pending negotiations for annexation. On February 16, President Harrison sent a message to the Senate, formally requesting annexation of the Hawaiian kingdom. But President Cleveland, immediately following his inauguration, sent a message to the Senate, canceling all further talk of annexation. He then sent

1269-493: The United States. Presumably his views reflected those of his former partner, friend, sponsor and now boss at the State Department. In 1881, James G. Blaine had written of the necessity of "drawing the ties of intimate relationship between us and the Hawaiian Islands so as to make them practically a part of the American system without derogation of their absolute independence." Constitutional reforms in Hawaii in 1887 had widened

1316-559: The War, he was promoted to colonel and became Treasurer of New Jersey , serving from 1776 to 1779. In 1789, Stevens was elected to the American Philosophical Society . In 1790, Stevens petitioned Congress for a bill that would protect American inventors. Through his efforts, his bill became a law on April 10, 1790, which introduced the patent system as law in the United States, patent law . In 1799, Stevens

1363-505: The conspiracy to overthrow Hawaii's Queen. Answering the charges from his Augusta, Maine , home, Stevens supplied his rationale: the Queen was immoral, and so needed to be dethroned. The later Morgan investigation conducted by the U.S. Congress , which led to the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894, found Stevens and other U.S. agents not guilty, after which Cleveland abandoned the matter because of lack of Congressional support. Both

1410-731: The cultural and political identification of many native Hawaiians. Following his forced retirement in 1893 because of the overthrow of Hawaii, Stevens spent his time lecturing and writing and working in Republican Party circles. He died two years later. During his retirement, Stevens worked to rehabilitate his image following his humiliating firing by the new President. In 1894, the former preacher and newspaper editor published Picturesque Hawaii: A Charming Description of Her Unique History, Strange People, Exquisite Climate, Wondrous Volcanoes, Luxurious Productions, Beautiful Cities, Corrupt Monarchy, Recent Revolution and Provisional Government ,

1457-539: The daughter of John Cox. She was a descendant of the Langeveldts (or Longfields) who originally settled New Brunswick, New Jersey . Together, they had thirteen children of which seven were sons. The children included: Stevens died on March 6, 1838, at his estate in Hoboken, New Jersey . John L. Stevens John Leavitt Stevens was born in 1820 in the town of Mount Vernon , Kennebec County, Maine , to Capt. John Stevens and Charlotte (Lyford) Stevens. He

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1504-524: The gulf between foreign businessmen and native Hawaiian nationalists. In January 1891 the Hawaiian King, who had been sympathetic to the interests of the foreign businessmen, died while on a visit to the United States. He was succeeded by his sister, the Princess, who was crowned Queen Lili'uokalani . The new Queen was known to dislike the restrictive constitution of 1887, and envoy Stevens suspected

1551-484: The islands retain their own independent government there remains the possibility that England or the Canadian Dominion might secure one of the Hawaiian harbors for a coaling station." Added Stevens: "Annexation excludes all dangers of this kind." The Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe, and this is the golden hour for the United States to pluck it. The question had taken on significance after the completion of

1598-520: The legislature to abolish the death penalty). After a decade as an activist Universalist minister, Stevens was persuaded by his lifelong friend Maine Governor Anson P. Morrill to give up the pulpit and become a newspaper publisher and politician. Stevens took his friend Morrill's advice, left the ministry and became a newspaper editor and publisher before becoming a Maine delegate to the 1860 Republican National Convention . Six years prior, in 1854, Stevens and his partner James G. Blaine had purchased

1645-541: The loss of life" for her subjects and after some deliberation, at the urging of advisers and friends, the Queen ordered her forces to surrender. The Honolulu Rifles took over government buildings, disarmed the Royal Guard, and declared a Provisional Government. Minister Stevens recognized the new government, giving his blessing on behalf of the United States Department of State, and commissioners were immediately dispatched to Washington to request that Hawaii be annexed by

1692-674: The newspaper The Kennebec Journal in Augusta, where the pair collaborated for 14 years on editing their publication and pushing the development of Maine's Republican Party. Stevens also played a large role in the 1876 Presidential campaign when he served as Chairman of the Republican State Committee of Maine. He stumped in the states of Ohio, West Virginia and Pennsylvania for the Republican Presidential ticket that year, which won him an appointment as

1739-465: The powers of the monarchy that existed prior to the forced promulgation of the " Bayonet Constitution " in 1887 that reduced the power of the Hawaiian monarch and rescinded voting rights to much of the population. The Queen's cabinet refused to go along with the planned new constitution, and Queen Liliʻuokalani temporarily yielded. But to the ardent Annexationists the volatile situation provided an opportunity that they seized. The Annexation Club morphed into

1786-474: The reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii." In July 1889, there was a small scale rebellion, and Minister Merrill landed Marines to protect Americans; the State Department explicitly approved his action. Merrill's replacement, minister John L. Stevens, read those official instructions, and followed them in his controversial actions of 1893. On January 14, 1893, envoy Stevens met with two other men concerned about American territorial interests in

1833-406: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Stevens&oldid=1225978755 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1880-594: The site of Stevens Institute of Technology (bequeathed by his son Edwin Augustus Stevens ). During the 1830s, he developed the land around his estate into the Elysian Fields , a popular weekend recreational and entertainment destination for New Yorkers during the 19th century. Stevens bought a farm in Dutchess County, New York from John Armstrong Jr. Armstrong had converted a barn into

1927-529: The time of the Bayonet Constitution of 1887 Grover Cleveland was president, and his secretary of state Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to the American minister George W. Merrill that in the event of another revolution in Hawaii, it was a priority to protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard specified, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote

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1974-483: The troops' march up the street, the Queen was heard to remark that the Marines were finishing what the "missionaries" started. The presence of the Marines served effectively in intimidating royalist defenders. Historian William Russ states, "the injunction to prevent fighting of any kind made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself." Due to the Queen's desire "to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps

2021-479: Was a lifelong resident of Augusta in the same county, except for his time away at school and his later diplomatic service. Stevens attended Maine Wesleyan Seminary to prepare for a minister's career in the Universalist church, which he served as pastor for a decade, becoming a leader in the anti-slavery movement. (Stevens later became a firm opponent of capital punishment, and as a Maine State Senator urged

2068-486: Was admitted to the bar of New York City in 1771. He practiced law in New York and lived across the river. At public auction , he bought from the state of New Jersey a piece of land which had been confiscated from a Tory landowner. The land, described as "William Bayard's farm at Hoebuck" comprised approximately what is now the city of Hoboken . Stevens built his estate at Castle Point , on land that would later become

2115-621: Was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Laws by Tufts College in 1882. American author and orientalist William Elliot Griffis dedicated his book America in the East to Stevens, who, Griffis wrote, "believing that the lives and property of American citizens abroad ought to be as well protected as if they were at home, acting according to his faith." John L. Stevens was married to the former Mary Lowell Smith of Hallowell, Maine , on May 10, 1845. The couple had one son and three daughters, one of whom drowned on January 20, 1893 – three days after

2162-600: Was influential in the creation of U.S. patent law . Stevens was born June 26, 1749, in New York City, New York. He was the only son of John Stevens Jr. (1715–1792), a prominent state politician who served as a delegate to the Continental Congress , and Elizabeth Alexander (1726–1800). His sister, Mary Stevens (d. 1814), married Robert R. Livingston , the first Chancellor of the State of New York . His maternal grandparents were James Alexander (1691–1756),

2209-607: Was named to the Board of Directors of the Manhattan Company . As one of the original stockholders and directors of The Manhattan Company, Stevens was appointed to a three-person committee, along with John B. Coles and Samuel Osgood , to explore the best ways to supply water to New York City. He ultimately became the company’s consulting engineer and succeeded in convincing his fellow directors that steam pumping engines should be used and installed. In 1802, Stevens designed and

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