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30-615: John Trumbull (June 6, 1756 – November 10, 1843) was an American painter and military officer best known for his historical paintings of the American Revolutionary War , of which he was a veteran. He has been called the "Painter of the Revolution". Trumbull's Declaration of Independence (1817), one of his four paintings that hang in the United States Capitol rotunda , is used on the reverse of

60-595: A Woolco discount store in a shopping center", and that the interior looked like an "underground parking garage". In 1998, the gallery began a major renovation and expansion. A renovation of the 1953 building was completed in December 2006 by Polshek Partnership Architects , who returned many spaces to Kahn's original vision. The project was completed on December 12, 2012, at a cost of $ 135 million, under then-director Jock Reynolds . The expanded space totals 69,975 sq ft (6,500.9 m ). In December 2011,

90-593: A particular service at Boston by sketching plans of the British and American lines and works . He witnessed the Battle of Bunker Hill . He was appointed second aide-de-camp to General George Washington , and in June 1776, deputy adjutant general to General Horatio Gates . He resigned from the army in 1777 after a dispute over the dating of his officer commission. In 1780, with funds depleted, Trumbull turned to art as

120-613: A profession and traveled to London , where he was introduced to Benjamin Franklin . Trumbull studied under Benjamin West . At West's suggestion, Trumbull painted small pictures of the American Revolutionary War and miniature portraits . He painted about 250 such portraits in his lifetime. He also painted the portrait of Washington from memory during this time. On September 23, 1780, British agent Major John André

150-688: A second fire destroyed its collections. Trumbull wrote his autobiography, which he published in 1841. He died in New York City at the age of 87 on November 10, 1843. Historical painting Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.237 via cp1104 cp1104, Varnish XID 210510268 Upstream caches: cp1104 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:46:23 GMT Yale University Art Gallery The gallery

180-835: The American Revolution . While in Paris, Trumbull introduced Jefferson to Italian painter Maria Cosway , and they became lifelong intimate friends. Trumbull's painting of Jefferson, commissioned by Cosway, became widely known and was later engraved by Asher Brown Durand . Trumbull's Declaration of Independence painting was purchased by the United States Congress , along with three of his other Revolutionary -era portraits, Surrender of General Burgoyne , Surrender of Lord Cornwallis , and General George Washington Resigning His Commission . Each of these portraits now hang in United States Capitol rotunda at

210-423: The Battle of Bunker Hill , Death of Montgomery before Quebec , Surrender of Lord Cornwallis , Declaration of Independence , etc. Trumbull gave the paintings to Yale in consideration of an annuity of $ 1,000 and subject to the condition that he and his wife should be forever buried beneath the pictures. The encyclopedic collections of the gallery number more than 300,000 objects ranging in date from ancient times to

240-613: The Continental Army in the Revolutionary War , and Jonathan Trumbull Jr. , who became the second Speaker of the House of Representatives . Trumbull entered the 1771 junior class at Harvard College at age 15 and graduated in 1773. Due to a childhood accident, Trumbull lost the use of one eye, which may have influenced his detailed painting style. As a soldier in the American Revolutionary War , Trumbull rendered

270-595: The Jay Treaty , which mediated claims by American and British merchants and the opposing government stemming from actions that occurred during the war. Shortly after the end of Trumbull's service on this commission, he traveled to Stuttgart to pick up the completed engraving of the Battle of Bunker's Hill . On the return trip, he passed through Paris and carried the first dispatch from the XYZ Affair out of France. Trumbull later encountered hard times during which he

300-621: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and one in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts , both taken from Ceracchi's bust ), a self-portrait (1833), a full-length of Washington, held at Charleston, South Carolina ; a full-length of Washington in uniform, General George Washington at Trenton , (1792, at Yale); and portraits of President and Mrs. Washington (1794), in the National Museum of American History . Trumbull himself

330-644: The United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Congress reportedly authorized only funds sufficient to purchase these four paintings. Trumbull completed several other paintings related to the Revolution: Trumbull's portraits also include full lengths of General Washington (1790) and George Clinton (1791), now held in New York City Hall . New York City Hall also hangs Trumbull's portrait of Mayor Richard Varick , who commissioned

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360-699: The Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, Connecticut . In July 1786, Trumbull traveled to Paris, where he made portrait sketches of French officers, including Surrender of Lord Cornwallis . With assistance from Thomas Jefferson , who was then serving in Paris as the American minister to France , Trumbull began the early composition of the Declaration of Independence . Over the next five years, Trumbull painted small portraits of

390-500: The Yale University Library's Gertrude Stein writing archives were displayed next to relevant drawings from Picasso. In April 2022, the museum surrendered 13 South Asian artifacts, valued at more than $ 1 million, as part of art looting investigation. As an affiliate of Yale University, the gallery offers education programs for university students, New Haven schools, and the general public. Two such programs are:

420-663: The 1790 portrait of Washington. New York also bought his full-length paintings of Alexander Hamilton (1805, the source of the face on the $ 10 bill ) and John Jay . Trumbull was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1791 and elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1792. He painted portraits of John Adams (1797), Jonathan Trumbull, and Rufus King (1800); Timothy Dwight and Stephen Van Rensselaer (both at Yale), Alexander Hamilton (one in

450-496: The 56 signers of the Declaration of Independence , which he later used to piece together a larger painting. If a signer was deceased, Trumbull copied a previous portrait, as he did with Arthur Middleton , whose head position stands out in the painting. While visiting with each signer or their family, Trumbull was always seeking funding and used the occasion to sell subscriptions to engravings that he produced from his paintings of

480-663: The Gallery Guide program, founded in 1998, which trains undergraduate students to lead tours at the museum; and the Wurtele Gallery Teachers, established in 2006, which include Yale graduate students from all school and backgrounds, who give curricula-informed tours to K-12 audiences. The museum is a member of the North American Reciprocal Museums program, but charges no admission. From 1946 to 1948, George Heard Hamilton

510-745: The Senate Presenting to Cincinnatus the Command of the Roman Armies , was accepted and displayed by the Royal Academy of Arts in that year. In this work, Trumbull painted Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus in the likeness of George Washington . The painting's current location is unknown. While working in his studio, Trumbull painted Battle of Bunker Hill and Death of General Montgomery in the Attack on Quebec ; both works are now housed at

540-472: The United States on a voyage that lasted six months, arriving in late January 1782. He then joined his brother David in supplying the army stationed at New Windsor, New York , during the winter of 1782 and 1783. In 1784, following Britain 's recognition of United States' sovereignty and independence, Trumbull returned to London to study painting under West. His first major work, The Deputation from

570-459: The commission that transformed his career as an architect.") Although the Art Gallery with steel structure and reinforced concrete may seem simple to the eye, it was designed in a rigorous process. Kahn and Anne Tyng , the first woman licensed as an architect in the state of Pennsylvania and an employee of Kahn's independent practice, "devised a slab that was to be poured into metal forms in

600-522: The current United States two-dollar bill . Trumbull was born in Lebanon in Connecticut Colony in 1756, to Jonathan Trumbull and Faith (née Robinson) Trumbull. His father served as governor of Connecticut from 1769 to 1784. Both sides of his family were descended from early Puritan settlers of Connecticut. He had two older brothers, Joseph Trumbull , the first commissary general of

630-529: The museum announced an $ 11 million gift from alumnus Stephen Susman , to create additional art exhibition galleries in a newly created fourth floor atop the Old Yale Art Gallery building. The expansion was completed in 2012, and included space for a rooftop sculpture garden. On the second floor (of the gallery) was a very valuable collection of paintings by John Trumbull , mainly of historical events. Among them were his well-known paintings of

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660-475: The present day. The permanent collection includes: In 2005, the museum announced that it had acquired 1,465 gelatin silver prints by the influential American landscape photographer Robert Adams . In 2009, the museum mounted an exhibition of its extensive collection of Picasso paintings and drawings, in collaboration with the Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University . For the first time, portions of

690-487: The shape of three-sided pyramids. When the forms were removed, they left a thick mass of concrete imprinted with tetrahedral openings." The triangular ceiling of the gallery was designed by Tyng, who was fascinated by geometry and octet-truss construction. Kahn's addition "was...a box...of glass, steel, concrete, and tiny beige bricks", and had none of the features of the earlier galleries. One critic said that Kahn's building "could have scarcely have been distinguished from

720-602: Was appointed president of the American Academy of the Fine Arts in New York City, serving from 1816 to 1836. Emphasizing classical traditions, Trumbull did not get along with the students. At the same time, his painting skills declined. In 1825, many of the students withdrew, founding the National Academy of Design . Unable to accommodate to changing tastes, the American Academy later closed in 1839 after

750-597: Was captured by Continental Army troops in North America ; he was hanged as a spy on October 2, 1780. After news reached Great Britain , outrage flared and Trumbull was arrested for treason , since he was known to be an officer in the Continental Army and of similar rank to André. Trumbull was imprisoned for seven months at Tothill Fields Bridewell in London. After being released, Trumbull returned to

780-492: Was connected to Street Hall by an enclosed bridge over High Street. It was ultimately known as the "Old Yale Art Gallery" to contrast it with the modernist expansion added a couple of decades later. The gallery's modernist main building, built from 1947 to 1953, was among the first designed by Louis Kahn , who taught architecture at Yale. ("Kahn played a major role in Yale's own artistic development. And Yale in turn would give Kahn

810-522: Was failing to sell his paintings individually. In 1831, he sold a series of 28 paintings and 60 miniature portraits to Yale University for an annuity of $ 1,000. After many years of trying to create income from his paintings, he had finally found a way to sustain himself from his art. This is by far the largest single collection of his works. The collection was originally housed in a neoclassical art gallery designed by Trumbull on Yale's Old Campus , along with portraits by other artists. Trumbull

840-479: Was founded in 1832 when patriot artist John Trumbull donated over 100 paintings of the American Revolution to Yale College and designed the original picture gallery. This building on the university's Old Campus was razed in 1901. Street Hall, designed by Peter Bonnett Wight , was opened as the Yale School of the Fine Arts in 1866, and included exhibition galleries on the second floor. The exterior

870-545: Was in a neo-Gothic style, with an appearance influenced by 13th-century Venetian palaces. These spaces are the oldest ones still in use as part of the Yale University Art Gallery. A new building, designed by Yale University architect Egerton Swartwout , was completed in 1928. This building features a deliberately eclectic mix of Romanesque, Gothic and Classical features, with cornices, a pitched slate roof, and large windows set within stone arches, and

900-413: Was painted by Gilbert Stuart and many others. In 1794, Trumbull acted as secretary to John Jay in London during the negotiation of the treaty with Great Britain, which largely settled the boundary with Canada and began cotton export to the country. In 1796, he was appointed by the commissioners sent by the two countries as the fifth member of a commission charged with carrying out the seventh article of

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