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64-814: His other notable film roles include Charles VII in Joan of Arc (1948), Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec in Moulin Rouge (1952), defense attorney Barney Greenwald in The Caine Mutiny (1954), Alfred Dreyfus in I Accuse! (1958), which he also directed; the Turkish Bey in Lawrence of Arabia (1962), Siegfried Rieber in Ship of Fools (1965), and Emperor Shaddam IV in Dune (1984). Ferrer also maintained

128-580: A Parlement in Poitiers . On 11 July of that same year, Charles and John the Fearless attempted a reconciliation on a small bridge near Pouilly-le-Fort , not far from Melun where Charles was staying. They signed the Treaty of Pouilly-le-Fort in which they would share authority of the government, assist each other and not to form any treaties without the other's consent. Charles and John also decided that

192-561: A 1945 series of the same name. Ferrer may be best remembered for his performance in the title role of Cyrano de Bergerac , which he first played on Broadway in 1946. Ferrer feared that the production would be a failure in rehearsals, due to the open dislike for the play by director Mel Ferrer (no relation), so he called in Joshua Logan (who had directed his star-making performance in Charley's Aunt ) to serve as "play doctor" for

256-654: A bared sword into Charles' bed, according to one source. Eventually, in 1446, after Charles's last son, also named Charles, was born, the king banished the Dauphin to the Dauphiné . The two never met again. Louis thereafter refused the king's demands to return to court, and he eventually fled to the protection of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in 1456. In 1458, Charles became ill. A sore on his leg (an early symptom, perhaps, of diabetes or another condition) refused to heal, and

320-525: A big hit running for 472 performances. Even more popular was The Fourposter (1951–53) in which he directed Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy ; it ran for 632 performances. Ferrer returned to cinema screens in the comedy Anything Can Happen (1952), directed by George Seaton , where Ferrer played an immigrant. More popular was Moulin Rouge (1952) in which Ferrer played the role of Toulouse-Lautrec under John Huston 's direction. Ferrer received 40% of

384-657: A ceremony at the Louvre Palace . Charles claimed the title King of France for himself, but failed to make any attempts to expel the English from northern France out of indecision and a sense of hopelessness. Instead, he remained south of the Loire River, where he was still able to exert power, and maintained an itinerant court in the Loire Valley at castles such as Chinon . He was still customarily known as

448-560: A doctor and advocate of Puerto Rican independence from Spain . He had two younger sisters, Elvira and Leticia. The family moved to New York in 1914, when Ferrer was two years old. He studied at the Swiss boarding school Institut Le Rosey . He was adept in several languages, including Spanish, English, French, and Italian. In 1933, Ferrer completed his bachelor's degree in architecture at Princeton University , where he wrote his senior thesis on "French Naturalism and Pardo Bazán ". Ferrer

512-567: A film. Ferrer had a huge personal success in the title role of Charley's Aunt (1940–41), partly in drag , under the direction of Joshua Logan . It went for 233 performances. Ferrer then replaced Danny Kaye in the musical Let's Face It! (1943). Ferrer made his debut on Broadway as director with Vickie (1942) in which he also starred. It only had a short run. He played Iago in Margaret Webster 's Broadway production of Othello (1943–44), which starred Paul Robeson in

576-508: A further meeting should take place the following 10 September. On that date, they met on the bridge at Montereau . The Duke assumed that the meeting would be entirely peaceful and diplomatic; thus, he brought only a small escort with him. The Dauphin's men reacted to the Duke's arrival by attacking and killing him. Charles's level of involvement has remained uncertain to this day. Although he claimed to have been unaware of his men's intentions, this

640-487: A great musical. Nor did anyone expect it to be the smash hit that it was, least of all its producer. Freedley was not deceived into complacency when in The New Yorker Wolcott Gibbs called it 'brilliant foolishness', or Life Magazine dubbed it the season's 'smash' and declared, 'Porter has come out of his slump.' He knew it was the stars, especially Danny Kaye's brilliant double-talk routines, and

704-578: A key support role in the film Lawrence of Arabia (1962) which was a huge success. Although Ferrer's performance was only small he said it was his best on screen. At Fox, he played an investigating police officer in Nine Hours to Rama (1963). He also guest starred on The Greatest Show on Earth . Ferrer returned to Broadway to star in Noël Coward 's musical The Girl Who Came to Supper (1963–64) which ran for 112 performances. He narrated

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768-475: A point in July 1461 when the king's physicians concluded that Charles would not live past August. Ill and weary, the king became delirious, convinced that he was surrounded by traitors loyal only to his son. Under the pressure of sickness and fever, he went mad. By now another infection in his jaw had caused an abscess in his mouth. The swelling caused by this became so large that, for the last week of his life, Charles

832-417: A prolific acting and directing career on Broadway , winning a second Best Actor Tony for The Shrike , and Best Director for The Shrike , The Fourposter , and Stalag 17 . Ferrer was the father of actor Miguel Ferrer , the brother of Rafael Ferrer , the grandfather of actress Tessa Ferrer , and the uncle of actor George Clooney . His contributions to American theatre were recognized in 1981 when he

896-747: A staged concert version in May 2006. A 1943 screen adaptation featured Bob Hope and Betty Hutton . Although the plot remained the same, most of the Porter score was replaced by songs by other composers. A made-for-television live broadcast of the show was presented on the NBC television network on November 21, 1954 on The Colgate Comedy Hour , with Bert Lahr as Frankie Burns / Aunt Pamela Burns, Vivian Blaine as Winnie Potter, Gene Nelson as Jerry Walker, and Betty Furness as Maggie Watson. Stephen Citron wrote in 2005: "No one ever has ever called Let's Face It

960-550: A war film for Warwick Productions , The Cockleshell Heroes (1955), alongside Trevor Howard ; it was a success at the British box office. Ferrer co-wrote, directed and starred in the film The Great Man (1956), at Universal. He directed and starred in two films for MGM: I Accuse! (1958), where he played Captain Alfred Dreyfus , and The High Cost of Loving (1958) a comedy with Gena Rowlands . Both flopped at

1024-482: Is based on the 1925 play The Cradle Snatchers by Russell Medcraft and Norma Mitchell . The 1941 Broadway and 1942 West End productions were successful, and a film version was released in 1943. Three suspicious wives, Maggie Watson, Nancy Collister and Cornelia Pigeon, invite three Army inductees to Maggie's summer house in Southampton on Long Island in order to make their husbands jealous. Jerry Walker

1088-401: Is engaged to Winnie Potter, and, because he needs the money, agrees to the plot. The wives' philandering husbands leave on yet another camping trip. Winnie, hearing of Jerry's involvement, brings in two friends (who are actually girlfriends of the other two soldiers) to pretend to be interested in the older men. The husbands actually do go fishing. Winnie and her friends crash Maggie's party and

1152-494: Is far overshadowed by the deeds and eventual martyrdom of Joan of Arc and his early reign was at times marked by indecisiveness and inaction, he was responsible for successes unprecedented in the history of the Kingdom of France. He succeeded in what four generations of his predecessors (namely his father Charles VI, his grandfather Charles V , his great-grandfather John II and great-great grandfather Philip VI ) failed to do –

1216-711: The Armagnacs (supporters of the House of Valois ) and the Burgundian party (supporters of the House of Valois-Burgundy , which was allied to the English). With his court removed to Bourges , south of the Loire river, Charles was disparagingly called the "King of Bourges", because the area around this city was one of the few remaining regions left to him. However, his political and military position improved dramatically with

1280-553: The Duke of Bedford (the uncle of Henry VI ), was advancing into the Duchy of Bar , ruled by Charles's brother-in-law, René . The French lords and soldiers loyal to Charles were becoming increasingly desperate. Then in the little village of Domrémy , on the border of Lorraine and Champagne , a teenage girl named Joan of Arc ( French : Jeanne d'Arc ), demanded that the garrison commander at Vaucouleurs, Robert de Baudricourt , collect

1344-585: The University of Poitiers in 1432, and his policies brought some economic prosperity to his subjects. Charles married his second cousin Marie of Anjou on 18 December 1422. They were both great-grandchildren of King John II of France and his first wife Bonne of Bohemia through the male line. They had fourteen children: Let%27s Face It! Let's Face It! is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter . The book by Herbert and Dorothy Fields

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1408-521: The duke of Burgundy occupied Guyenne and northern France, including Paris , the capital and most populous city, and Reims , the city in which French kings were traditionally crowned . In addition, his father, Charles VI , had disinherited him in 1420 and recognized Henry V of England and his heirs as the legitimate successors to the French crown. At the same time, a civil war raged in France between

1472-536: The title role , Webster as Emilia , and Ferrer's wife, Uta Hagen , as Desdemona . That production still holds the record for longest-running repeat performance of a Shakespearean play presented in the United States, going for 296 performances (it would be revived in 1945). Ferrer produced and directed, but did not appear in, Strange Fruit (1945–46), starring Mel Ferrer (no relation). Among other radio roles, Ferrer starred as detective Philo Vance in

1536-521: The "Dauphin", or derisively as the "King of Bourges ", after the town where he generally lived. Periodically, he considered flight to the Iberian Peninsula , which would have allowed the English to advance their occupation of France. Political conditions in France took a decisive turn in the year 1429 just as the prospects for the Dauphin began to look hopeless. The town of Orléans had been under siege since October 1428. The English regent,

1600-747: The Best Actor Oscar, becoming the first actor to win the Oscar for the same role which won him the Tony. The film was widely seen although it lost money. Ferrer donated the Oscar to the University of Puerto Rico, and it was subsequently stolen in 2000. Ferrer returned to Broadway for a revival of Twentieth Century (1950–51) which he directed and starred in, opposite Gloria Swanson ; it went for 233 performances. Immediately following, he produced and directed, but did not appear in, Stalag 17 (1951–52),

1664-466: The City Centre in 1953: Cyrano, The Shrike , Richard III , Charley's Aunt . He returned to films with The Caine Mutiny (1954) for Kramer, co-starring with Humphrey Bogart and Van Johnson , playing defense lawyer Barney Greenwald; the film was a huge hit. Greenwald's Jewish faith, so prominent in the novel that it informed his judgments of the U.S.S. Caine's officers, was downplayed in

1728-641: The English-Burgundian alliance by signing the Treaty of Arras with Burgundy, followed by the recovery of Paris in 1436 and the steady reconquest of Normandy in the 1440s using a newly organized professional army and advanced siege cannons. Following the Battle of Castillon in 1453, the French expelled the English from all their continental possessions except the Pale of Calais . The last years of Charles VII were marked by conflicts with his turbulent son,

1792-432: The French forces at Orléans. She was aided by skilled commanders such as Étienne de Vignolles, known as La Hire , and Jean Poton de Xaintrailles . They compelled the English to lift the siege on 8 May 1429, thus turning the tide of the war. The French won the Battle of Patay on 18 June, at which the English field army lost about half its troops. After pushing further into English and Burgundian-controlled territory, Charles

1856-468: The French throne in turn. All died childless, leaving Charles with a rich inheritance of titles. Almost immediately after becoming dauphin, Charles had to face threats to his inheritance, and he was forced to flee from Paris on 29 May 1418 after the partisans of John the Fearless , Duke of Burgundy , had entered the city the previous night. By 1419, Charles had established his own court in Bourges and

1920-712: The Technicolor epic Joan of Arc (1948) as the weak-willed Dauphin opposite Ingrid Bergman as Joan. Ferrer's performance earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor. At the City Center , he acted in revivals of Angel Street (1948) and The Alchemist (1948) and directed S. S. Glencairn (1948) and The Insect Comedy (1948) (also appearing in the latter). Ferrer had another Broadway hit with The Silver Whistle (1948–49) which ran for 219 performances. He performed two shows for The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse on TV in 1949: Cyrano, playing

1984-698: The Victorious ( French : le Victorieux ) or the Well-Served ( le Bien-Servi ), was King of France from 1422 to his death in 1461. His reign saw the end of the Hundred Years' War and a de facto end of the English claims to the French throne . During the Hundred Years' War , Charles VII inherited the throne of France under desperate circumstances. Forces of the Kingdom of England and

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2048-619: The box office. Back on Broadway, Ferrer co-wrote and directed the stage musical Oh, Captain! (1958) with Tony Randall , which only had a short run. He directed and starred in Edwin Booth (1958), playing the title role; it was not a success. In 1958, Ferrer narrated the children's album Tubby the Tuba , which was nominated for the Best Recording For Children at the 1st Annual Grammy Awards . Ferrer took over

2112-636: The chamber in which the court was assembled. Joan identified Charles immediately. She bowed low to him and embraced his knees, declaring "God give you a happy life, sweet King!" Despite attempts to claim that another man was in fact the king, thereafter Joan referred to him as "Dauphin" or "Noble Dauphin" until he was crowned in Reims four months later. After a private conversation between the two, Charles became inspired and filled with confidence. After her encounter with Charles in March 1429, Joan of Arc set out to lead

2176-402: The direction of the troubled musical Juno (1959) from Vincent J. Donehue , who had himself taken over from Tony Richardson . The show, which starred Shirley Booth , folded after 16 performances and mixed to extremely negative critical reaction. However, he followed it directing the original stage production of Saul Levitt 's The Andersonville Trial (1959–60), about the trial following

2240-494: The emergence of Joan of Arc as a spiritual leader in France. Joan and Jean de Dunois led French troops to lift the sieges of Orléans and other strategic cities on the Loire river, and to crush the English at the Battle of Patay . With the local English troops dispersed, the people of Reims switched allegiance and opened their gates, which enabled the coronation of Charles VII at Reims Cathedral in 1429. Six years later, he ended

2304-473: The expulsion of the English and the conclusion of the Hundred Years' War . Charles created France's first standing army since Roman times. In The Prince , Niccolò Machiavelli asserts that if his son Louis XI had continued this policy, then the French would have become invincible. Charles VII secured himself against papal power by the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges . He also established

2368-592: The film, as Ferrer, being Puerto Rican, was nominally Roman Catholic . Also popular was Deep in My Heart (1955) where Ferrer played Sigmund Romberg , and which made a profit of over $ 1 million. Ferrer made his debut as film director at Universal with an adaptation of The Shrike (1955), in which he also starred opposite June Allyson . Ferrer then performed Cyrano in an episode of Producer's Showcase on television, directed by Mel Ferrer and co-starring Claire Bloom . He went to England to star in and direct

2432-591: The first episode of the popular 1964 sitcom Bewitched , in mock documentary style. Ferrer went to Germany to make Stop Train 349 (1963) with Sean Flynn . He appeared in the 1964 French film Cyrano et d'Artagnan directed by Abel Gance . Back in Hollywood, Ferrer played Herod Antipas in The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965) and was in Ship of Fools (1965) for Stanley Kramer. A notable performance of his later stage career

2496-540: The following two decades, the French recaptured Paris from the English and eventually recovered all of France with the exception of the northern port of Calais . Charles's later years were marked by hostile relations with his heir, Louis , who demanded real power to accompany his position as the Dauphin. Charles consistently refused him. Accordingly, Louis stirred up dissent and fomented plots in attempts to destabilise his father's reign. He quarrelled with his father's mistress, Agnès Sorel, and on one occasion drove her with

2560-558: The future Louis XI . Born at the Hôtel Saint-Pol , the royal residence in Paris, Charles was given the title of Count of Ponthieu six months after his birth in 1403. He was the eleventh child and fifth son of Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria . His four elder brothers, Charles (1386), Charles (1392–1401), Louis (1397–1415) and John (1398–1417) had each held the title of Dauphin of France as heirs apparent to

2624-580: The husbands unexpectedly return home. "A Fairy Tale" and "Melody in Four F" were written by Sylvia Fine and Max Liebman. Both were dropped later in the run, and "Melody in Four F" was replaced by "It Ain't Etiquette" from Du Barry Was a Lady . The original production was directed by Edgar MacGregor and choreographed by Charles Walters . After a tryout at the Colonial Theatre in Boston ,

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2688-490: The infection in it caused a serious fever. The king summoned Louis to him from his exile in Burgundy, but the Dauphin refused to come. He employed astrologers to foretell the exact hour of his father's death. The king lingered on for the next two and a half years, increasingly ill, but unwilling to die. During this time he also had to deal with the case of his rebellious vassal John V of Armagnac . Finally, however, there came

2752-501: The long-nosed poet/swordsman. On January 9, 1949, Ferrer made his television debut when he starred in The Philco Television Playhouse ' s one-hour adaptation of the play. Ferrer directed, but did not appear in, As We Forgive Our Debtors (1947), which ran 5 performances. There was another short run for Volpone (1947) which Ferrer adapted and played the title role. Ferrer made his film debut in

2816-558: The musical opened on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on October 29, 1941, and closed on March 20, 1943, after 547 performances. The cast included Danny Kaye as Jerry Walker, Eve Arden as Maggie Watson, Edith Meiser as Cornelia Abigail Pigeon, Vivian Vance as Nancy Collister, Benny Baker, Mary Jane Walsh as Winnie Potter, and Nanette Fabray . The cast also featured a then unknown Carol Channing as Eve Arden's understudy. Danny Kaye had made his successful debut earlier in

2880-412: The production. Logan wrote that he simply had to eliminate pieces of business which director Ferrer had inserted in his staging; they presumably were intended to sabotage the more sentimental elements of the play that the director considered to be corny and in bad taste. The production became one of the hits of the 1946/47 Broadway season, winning Ferrer the first Best Actor Tony Award for his depiction of

2944-524: The profits as well as his third and final Oscar nomination. Back on Broadway, Ferrer directed and starred in The Shrike (1952), which ran for 161 performances. His next two shows were as director only: Horton Foote 's The Chase (1952) only had a short run but My Three Angels (1953–54), went for 344 performances. Ferrer had another cinema hit with Miss Sadie Thompson (1953) starring Rita Hayworth . Ferrer briefly revived some of his shows at

3008-550: The red, white, and blue that represented his family; his heraldic device was a mailed fist clutching a naked sword. On 25 June 1421, he took Gallardon and executed, as traitors, the garrison, and by the end of June Charles had invested Chartres. He then went south of the Loire River under the protection of Yolande of Aragon , known as "Queen of the Four Kingdoms" and, on 18 December 1422, married her daughter, Marie of Anjou , to whom he had been engaged since December 1413 in

3072-468: The regions of France that they occupied. Northern France, including Paris, was thus ruled by an English regent, Henry V's brother, John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford , based in Normandy (see Dual monarchy of England and France ). In his adolescent years, Charles was noted for his bravery and flamboyant style of leadership. At one point after becoming Dauphin, he led an army against the English dressed in

3136-473: The revelation of conditions at the infamous Civil War prison. It was a hit and featured George C. Scott , running for 179 performances. Around this time, Ferrer also appeared in television in episodes of General Electric Theater and The United States Steel Hour . Ferrer signed a contract with 20th Century Fox to direct films. He made Return to Peyton Place (1961) and State Fair (1962), both of which were commercial disappointments. Ferrer had

3200-601: The soldiers and resources necessary to bring her to the Dauphin at Chinon, stating that visions of angels and saints had given her a divine mission. Granted an escort of five veteran soldiers and a letter of referral to Charles by Lord Baudricourt, Joan rode to see Charles at Chinon. She arrived on 23 February 1429. Second-hand testimony by witnesses who were not present when Joan and the Dauphin met state Charles wanted to test her claim to be able to recognise him despite never having seen him, and so he disguised himself as one of his courtiers. He stood in their midst when Joan entered

3264-510: The succession was cast into doubt. Under the Treaty of Troyes , signed by Charles VI on 21 May 1420, the throne would pass to Henry V or his heir. Henry had died in July 1422: his heir was the infant King Henry VI of England , son of Henry and Charles VI's daughter Catherine of Valois . However, Frenchmen loyal to the Valois regarded the treaty as invalid on grounds of coercion and Charles VI's diminished mental capacity. Those who did not recognize

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3328-549: The title role, and an adaptation of What Makes Sammy Run? , playing Sammy Glick (adapted by Paddy Chayefsky ). Ferrer returned to Hollywood to appear in Otto Preminger 's Whirlpool (1950), supporting Gene Tierney , and Richard Brooks ' Crisis (1950), opposite Cary Grant . Ferrer then played the title role in Cyrano de Bergerac (1950), directed by Michael Gordon and produced by Stanley Kramer . Ferrer won

3392-560: The treaty and believed the Dauphin Charles to be of legitimate birth considered him the rightful heir to the throne. Those who considered Charles illegitimate recognized as the rightful heir Charles, Duke of Orléans , cousin of the Dauphin, who was in English captivity. Only the supporters of Henry VI and the Dauphin Charles were able to enlist sufficient military force to press effectively for their candidates. The English, already in control of northern France, enforced Henry's claim in

3456-773: The year in Lady in the Dark , and Porter allowed the actor's wife, Sylvia Fine, to add two comedy numbers into the score for him to sing. Later in the run, Carol Goodner replaced Eve Arden and José Ferrer replaced Kaye. Tryouts in the UK began on June 23, 1942, at the Palace Theatre in Manchester , England. The West End production opened on November 19, 1942, at the Hippodrome Theatre and ran for 348 performances. It

3520-939: Was also a member of the Princeton Triangle Club and played piano in a band, "José Ferrer and His Pied Pipers". Ferrer then studied Romance languages at Columbia University for 1934–35. Ferrer's first professional appearance as an actor was at a "showboat" theater on Long Island in the summer of 1934. In 1935, Ferrer was the stage manager at the Suffern Country Playhouse, operated by Joshua Logan , whom Ferrer had known at Princeton. Ruth Gordon and Helen Hayes recommended him to Jed Harris . Ferrer made his Broadway debut in 1935 in A Slight Case of Murder which ran 69 performances. He could also be seen in Stick-in-the-Mud (1935) and Spring Dance (1936). Ferrer's first big success

3584-429: Was as Miguel de Cervantes and his fictional creation Don Quixote in the hit musical Man of La Mancha . Ferrer took over the role from Richard Kiley in 1966 and subsequently went on tour with it in the first national company of the show. Tony Martinez continued in the role of Sancho Panza under Ferrer, as he had with Kiley. Charles VII of France Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461), called

3648-401: Was burned at the stake on 30 May 1431. Nearly as important as Joan of Arc in the cause of Charles was the support of the powerful and wealthy family of his wife Marie d'Anjou , particularly his mother-in-law, Queen Yolande of Aragon . But whatever affection he may have had for his wife, or whatever gratitude he may have felt for the support of her family, the great love of Charles VII's life

3712-540: Was considered unlikely by those who heard of the murder. The assassination marked the end of any attempt of a reconciliation between the Armagnac and Burgundian factions, thus playing into the hands of Henry V of England. Charles was later required by a treaty with Philip the Good , the son of John the Fearless, to pay penance for the murder, which he never did. At the death of Charles' father Charles VI in October 1422,

3776-514: Was crowned King Charles VII of France in Reims Cathedral on 17 July 1429. Joan was later captured by Burgundian troops under John of Luxembourg at the Siege of Compiègne on 24 May 1430. The Burgundians handed her over to their English allies. Tried for heresy by a court composed of pro-English clergy such as Pierre Cauchon , who had long served the English occupation government, she

3840-421: Was directed by Bobby Howell and choreographed by Joan Davis. The cast included Bobby Howes as Jerry Walker and Pat Kirkwood as Winnie Potter. An Australian production played from November 1943 to January 1944 at His Majesty's Theatre in Melbourne. 42nd Street Moon in San Francisco , California, presented a staged concert version of the show in October 1999. Musicals Tonight!, New York City, presented

3904-440: Was his mistress, Agnès Sorel . Charles VII and Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, then signed the 1435 Treaty of Arras , by which the Burgundian faction rejected their English alliance and became reconciled with Charles VII, just as things were going badly for their English allies. With this accomplishment, Charles attained the essential goal of ensuring that no Prince of the Blood recognised Henry VI as King of France. Over

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3968-407: Was in Brother Rat (1936–38) which ran for 577 performances. In Clover only ran for three performances. How to Get Tough About It (1938) also had a short run, as did Missouri Legend (1938). Mamba's Daughters (1939) ran for 163 performances. Ferrer followed it with Key Largo (1939–40) with Paul Muni and directed by Guthrie McClintic , which went for 105 shows and was later turned into

4032-403: Was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame . In 1985, he received the National Medal of Arts from President Reagan , becoming the first actor so honored. Ferrer was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico , the son of Rafael Ferrer, a local attorney and writer, and María Providencia Cintrón, of Yabucoa . His parents were both of Spanish descent. He was the grandson of Gabriel Ferrer Hernández,

4096-430: Was unable to swallow food or water. Although he asked the Dauphin to come to his deathbed, Louis refused, instead waiting at Avesnes , in Burgundy, for his father to die. At Mehun-sur-Yèvre , attended by his younger son, Charles, and aware of his elder son's final betrayal, the King starved to death. He died on 22 July 1461, and was buried, at his request, beside his parents in Saint-Denis . Although Charles VII's legacy

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