Misplaced Pages

#856143

55-749: Kraus was born in the South German town of Miltenberg in Lower Franconia , the son of Joseph Bernhard Kraus, a county clerk in the Archbishopric of Mainz, and Anna Dorothea née Schmidt. His father's family, originally from Augsburg, had a small restaurant in Weilbach near Amorbach , while his mother was a daughter of the master-builder at Miltenberg Johann Martin Schmidt. They had 14 children, of whom seven died in childhood; Marianne Kraus

110-961: A Roman Catholic for Catholic services. For the second, from 1778 to 1790, Kraus was still Catholic, but wrote music for Lutheran services. Aside from short hymns and chorales, there was not much use for sacred music in Sweden at that time. There was also an ongoing debate regarding the role music should play in the church, and Kraus participated by writing three articles on the subject in the Stockholms-Posten . Two different catalogues exist of Kraus's music, one by Karl Schreiber, Verzeichnis der Musikalischen Werke von Jos. Kraus's , which gives each composition an A number, and one by Bertil van Boer's Die Werke von Joseph Martin Kraus: Systematisch-thematisches Werkverzeichnis , which gives each composition

165-536: A Mainz toll station built on the river bank in the 13th century, protected by the Mildenburg (castle). The castle itself dates from the 12th century. In 1237, the village was awarded the status of town. It profited from the Stapelrecht which forced passing merchants to store their wares locally and offer them for sale for some days. This boosted construction of inns and warehouses. For protection, walls from

220-530: A Swedish fellow student, Carl Stridsberg  [ sv ] , who persuaded him to accompany him to Stockholm to apply for a position at the court of King Gustav III . Kraus moved to Stockholm in 1778, when he was not yet twenty-two. His first years there were not easy, and more than once he considered going back home. King Gustav's love for the fine arts had quickly become known in the rest of Europe and attracted musicians from many countries. It took Kraus three bitter years, often spent in extreme poverty, before

275-593: A VB number, with renumberings in the 2nd edition (1998). See the list of compositions by Joseph Martin Kraus . Bertil van Boer edited modern editions for Artaria Editions, recorded on four volumes of the Naxos Records complete set of Kraus symphonies, and also wrote the programme notes for those discs as well as the article on Kraus in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians . Volume 1 won

330-479: A dozen remain. Most of Kraus's extant symphonies are in three movements , without a minuet . Most are scored for two horns and strings, many include two flutes and two oboes , while the later ones also include two bassoons and two additional horns . The musicologist Bertil van Boer identifies Kraus's Symphony in C-sharp minor as "one of only two symphonies in this key written during the eighteenth century." It

385-400: A multicultural society. The Academy also publishes various biographies, debate books, analytical writings, etc. and has been offering music students scholarships and various prizes for outstanding contributions in the field. 59°19′50″N 18°04′33″E  /  59.33056°N 18.07583°E  / 59.33056; 18.07583 This article about an organization based in Sweden

440-569: A recently rediscovered book of 19 poems titled Versuch von Schäfersgedichten . He became increasingly involved with the Sturm und Drang movement, which influenced both his writing and his music. In 1775, at the age of nineteen, Kraus wrote his Requiem , one of his earliest compositions. There is no way to know for sure whether young Kraus was induced to compose this genre of church music for personal reasons, or whether his choice may have been influenced by his attraction to Sturm und Drang . The work

495-613: A sum of €55,000,000, were for the first time ever in Bavaria financed by a public-private partnership scheme. In Miltenberg various kinds of schools are represented: Royal Swedish Academy of Music The Royal Swedish Academy of Music ( Swedish : Kungliga Musikaliska Akademien ), founded in 1771 by King Gustav III , is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden . At the time of its foundation, only one of its co-founder

550-458: A symphony ( Sinfonia per la chiesa ). The legislature approved the king's measures. Kraus wrote an overture, a march and interludes for the staging of Voltaire's Olympie in January 1792. Although he was considered as a composer of stage music, his greatest work, Aeneas i Cartago , remained unperformed during his lifetime. 16 March 1792, Gustav III attended a masked ball at the opera, where he

605-556: A symphony to play at Esterháza ; it was first published under Haydn's name in Paris. Kraus's Symphonies in E minor, VB 141, and F major, VB 145, were first published in Paris in 1787, under the name of Giuseppe Cambini , a very popular composer at the time. During this time, Kraus became a member of the same masonic lodge as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart whom he met and became very friendly with. During his journey, Kraus also wrote his famous flute quintet in D Major, VB 188, that broke with all

SECTION 10

#1732776882857

660-505: A very high opinion of the work. Many years after Kraus's death, Haydn remarked to a common friend, Swedish diplomat Fredrik Samuel Silverstolpe: "The symphony he wrote here in Vienna especially for me will be regarded as a masterpiece for centuries to come; believe me, there are few people who can compose something like that." Kraus wrote two viola concerti that were lost or attributed to other composers in his lifetime. The C major Concerto

715-544: A wheel of six spokes in argent, second and third squares are argent with the letter M in gules. Miltenberg belonged from its founding in the 13th century until the Old Empire’s downfall in 1803 to Electoral Mainz which is the origin of the Wheel of Mainz . The M first appeared in a seal from the early 16th century that also included Saint Martin , as had earlier seals. The current arms are based on those that were once seen on

770-401: Is full of dramatic force and original, bold ideas. The Requiem was followed by two oratorios : Der Tod Jesu and Die Geburt Jesu (lost), and the musical treatise Etwas von und über Musik: fürs Jahr 1777 ( Something about Music: for the year 1777 ; Frankfurt am Main 1778). The oratorio Der Tod Jesu differs from the oratorios of many other composers in that Kraus wrote both the music and

825-525: Is made up of 20 council members with seats apportioned thus: (as of the municipal election held in March 2020) Miltenberg currently has two twin towns : In 1960, the sponsorship for the Sudeten Germans driven out of the town of Duchcov was undertaken, which eventually resulted in the town-twinning. The town’s arms might be described thus: Quartered, first and fourth squares are gules with

880-802: Is the seat of the like-named district and has a population of over 9,000. The old town lies on the Main ’s left bank on the "left knee" of the Mainviereck ("Main Square") between the Spessart and Odenwald ranges. Since the Main riverbed in the Miltenberg area is relatively near the foot of the Odenwald, only a narrow strip of usable land is left, little over 150 meters in width, which in past centuries

935-483: Is worth much more to me than 600 guilders is the favour I have been granted, which is that I am to undertake a journey to Germany, France and Italy at the King's expense." Gustav III sent Kraus on a Grand Tour of Europe that lasted five years, to learn all he could about Theater abroad. On this trip, Kraus met Christoph Willibald Gluck , Johann Georg Albrechtsberger , Padre Martini , and Joseph Haydn , for whom he wrote

990-571: The Altstadtkastell or in a nearby separate fort. The cohort castrum likely was continuously occupied until about 260, when the Romans abandoned this part of their border after heavy raids by Germanic tribes. The castrum was destroyed by the Alemanni . The Limes itself met the Main near the eastern castrum, Miltenberg-Ost which housed a Numerus , a smaller military unit. The exact line

1045-562: The Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1810, the town finally became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816. In 1912 and 1951, Miltenberg acquired lands on the Main’s right bank to expand the town. In 2006, the town made national headlines when parish priest Ulrich Boom rang the bells for 20 minutes during a rally of the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany , thereby disrupting

1100-528: The Spitalkirche was constructed (demolished 1846). Its strategic position on the bend of the navigable river and on the important trade route Nuremberg-Frankfurt made Miltenberg a politically influential member of the nine town league ( Neun-Städte-Bund ) of Mainz. This state of affairs lasted until the German Peasants' War in 1525, when the local representative, Friedrich Weygand, sided with

1155-641: The Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes which replaced the Odenwald-Neckar-Limes. From Miltenberg on northwards, the river Main became the border. East of Miltenberg a fortified palisade stretched to the south and east towards Walldürn and on to Lorch . Two castra were established: the Altstadtkastell between Miltenberg and Kleinheubach (2.7 hectares) to the north and the Kastell Miltenberg-Ost in

SECTION 20

#1732776882857

1210-480: The terminus station right near the town ( Miltenberg Hauptbahnhof  [ de ] ) and replaced it with Bahnhof Miltenberg  [ de ] , a through station on the other side of the river. Miltenberg is linked to the urban agglomerations in Hesse, where many inhabitants work. In 2008, the town bypass , which had been discussed and planned for more than 25 years was completed. The construction costs,

1265-648: The Architect Erik Palmstedt (who was commissioned by King Gustav III to build the first royal opera house), a group that discussed intellectual and cultural life in the Swedish capital. For the convening of the Riksdag of the Estates in 1789, Gustav III wanted to persuade the parliament to accede to his ongoing war with Russia, where he was opposed by the nobility but supported by the burghers and

1320-782: The Cannes Classical Award in 1999, while Volume 2 contains world première recordings of three of Kraus's symphonies. The orchestra Concerto Köln won several prizes for its recordings on period instruments of the complete symphonies of Joseph Martin Kraus. Kraus's music is characterized by sudden dramatic contrasts in register, character, and most striking of all, harmony. His contrapuntal abilities were first-rate, but his motivic development does not seem as advanced as either Mozart's or Haydn's. Compared to other contemporaries, his lyrical gifts are apparent. Many of Kraus's symphonies have been lost, or attributed to other composers. Of those definitely of Kraus's authorship, only about

1375-508: The Medieval center of Miltenberg, was built on the remains of the earlier Romanesque parish church of Vachhausen. Already by the early Middle Ages, the area's red buntsandstein was highly sought-after, with products such as grindstones and columns being hewn in the surrounding woods. The so-called Heunensäulen  [ de ] were made near Miltenberg. They are special bunter columns likely intended for Mainz Cathedral when it

1430-669: The castle were extended around the town. This oldest part of the town was just 100 meters east to west, extending west from today's Schnatterloch . The first expansion of the settlement stretched east to the Mittelturm and west to the Schwertfegerturm (both later demolished). By the 14th century, the town had expanded to the limits which roughly endured until the 19th century: from Würzburger Tor (east) to Spitzenturm / Mainzer Tor (west). During its financial heyday, Miltenberg also saw considerable construction activity: of

1485-481: The castrum were used in early Medieval fortifications nearby. In the 10th to 12th century a town wall was added to this castle-like structure, largely following the foundations of the castrum. A flooded moat surrounded the wall. A Romanesque church was built inside the walled area. This settlement likely was the civitas Walehusen , owned by the Count Palatinate in his role as Vogt of Lorsch Abbey . This

1540-410: The direction of Bürgstadt (0.6 hectares). The former, which was likely built some years in advance of the overall change in the borderline, housed a cohort, the southernmost military presence on the Main. In 190/1, this was the cohort I Sequanorum et Rauricorum equitata (a mixed infantry and cavalry unit of 480 men). In addition, a scout unit ( exploratores Triputienses ) was based in the area, either in

1595-737: The erstwhile conventions that governed such pieces. The outer and inner form of that work were groundbreaking comparing with everything previously composed at the time, with the astoundingly long first movement of 306 bars. After Vienna, his journey also took him throughout Italy, France, and England, where he witnessed the Handel Centenary celebrations at Westminster Abbey in 1785. While in Paris , he experienced difficulty with cabals back in Stockholm that sought to prevent his return, but their resolution in 1786 made it possible for him to become

1650-419: The event. Ulrich Boom later became Auxiliary Bishop . The following villages were amalgamated into Miltenberg: Tourism is very important for the economy of Miltenberg. Visitors are mainly day trippers from the urban agglomerations in Hesse ( Hanau , Offenbach am Main , Darmstadt , Frankfurt ), but bunter sandstone , some small and medium enterprises and crafts and trade are also important. The council

1705-527: The king noticed him. His opera Azire was rejected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Music , but the Academy decided to give him a second chance. Gustav III himself drafted the opera libretto Proserpin , which the poet Johan Henric Kellgren versified. Kraus's music to this libretto was successfully premiered at Ulriksdal Palace on 6 June 1781, before the king and the royal household. Kraus

Joseph Martin Kraus - Misplaced Pages Continue

1760-522: The leading figure in Gustavian musical life. When Kraus returned in 1787, he was appointed as director of curriculum at the Royal Academy of Music , and the next year he succeeded Francesco Uttini as Kapellmästare , eventually attaining a reputation as an innovative conductor, progressive pedagogue, and multi-talented composer. He also became a member of the literary circle that gathered round

1815-497: The lower Main region, but it was only under the Franks (after 500 AD) that the population density again rose noticeably. Their settlements often did not simply grow out of the formerly Roman cores but included separate newly established sites. Early Medieval settlers concentrated on the area south of the former Altstadtkastell , northwest of the current town. A Carolingean church was likely built there (9th century) and stones from

1870-606: The many secular and non-Christian Gothic structures today only the winery, a warehouse and the former synagogue remain. Gothic churches included the Stadtkirche (St Jakobus) but it mostly lost its original exterior character when it was rebuilt in the 1830s. The nearby Wallfahrtskapelle Maria ad gradus (built circa 1400) was demolished in 1825. Close to the Spital zum heiligen Petrus , a hospital dedicated to St. Peter and founded circa 1310 by Peter of Aspelt , Archbishop of Mainz,

1925-668: The now vanished Schindtor, a town gate. Miltenberg lies on the Fränkischer Rotwein Wanderweg ("Franconian Red Wine Hiking Trail"), which was established in 1990, and leads from Großwallstadt through Miltenberg to Bürgstadt . A new concept was introduced with the Route der Industriekultur Rhein-Main (“Rhine-Main Industrial Culture Route”), which covers the 160 km between Miltenberg and Bingen . Industrial buildings in this area provide

1980-588: The old town today date from the 15th to 18th centuries. The inn Zum Riesen , originally a Gothic house from circa 1400 was replaced in 1590 by the current building. Until 1803, Miltenberg belonged to Electoral Mainz . After securalization and the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , Miltenberg passed to the Principality of Leiningen , with which it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806. After having become part of

2035-578: The peasantry. To further his aims, Gustav III intended to secure parliamentary approval of the Act of Union and Security that would give him broad powers over the administration of the government. The king asked Kraus to write Riksdagsmusiken for the opening ceremonies in St Nicolai Church on 9 March 1789. The music consists of a march based on the March of the Priests from Mozart's Idomeneo , and

2090-638: The peasants and was executed. He had also favoured the Reformation and after 1522, when Miltenberg finally became independent of the Bürgstadt parish, had helped Johann Draconites  [ de ] , a supporter of Martin Luther , to head the new parish. From 1667 the Franziskanerkirche was built by de:Antonio Petrini . Most of the half-timbered houses dominating the appearance of

2145-714: The right bank. In pre-Roman times, circular ramparts were built on the Greinberg above Miltenberg and on the Bürgstadter Berg (also known as Wannenberg) northeast of Bürgstadt . These were in use as early as the Neolithic ( Michelsberg culture ) but mostly date from the late Bronze Age ( Urnfield culture ). In the 150s, the Roman Empire pushed outwards its fortified border in Germania , establishing

2200-494: The text. As a librettist, Kraus showed a series of scenes that covered the full spectrum of human emotions, from sorrow and fear to joy. The work corresponds fully to a rhetorical question already raised in Kraus's treatise Etwas von und über Musik : "Should not church music be mostly for the heart?" ("Soll die Musik in den Kirchen nicht am meisten fürs Herz sein?") During his stay in Göttingen, Kraus had become friendly with

2255-666: The town church of St. Oswald, including a Te Deum in D major and the motet Fracto Demum Sacramento , also in D major. After this one-year break, he continued his studies of law in Göttingen . Although the Göttinger Hainbund (the German poet group that flourished in 1772–74) no longer existed, Kraus found himself very much attracted to the ideas of this group of young poets who were almost fanatically devoted to Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock . In this period Kraus composed

Joseph Martin Kraus - Misplaced Pages Continue

2310-609: The visitors with the opportunity to learn about the industrial heritage in a regional context 700 buildings have already been scientifically catalogued, including Miltenberg’s old railway station. Miltenberg lies on the railway line from Aschaffenburg to Wertheim ( Main Valley Railway ). Moreover, the Madonnenlandbahn  [ de ] branches off here towards Seckach . There are hourly connections to Aschaffenburg by day. In 1977, Deutsche Bundesbahn closed

2365-459: The wall followed for the first few kilometers near the Main is not known. This smaller fort was likely built in the 2nd century, probably soon after 150. It was in use at most until the middle of the 3rd century. During their presence, the Romans also built at least two sanctuaries dedicated to Mercury on the Greinberg. After the withdrawal of the Romans from the area, the regional population declined. Burgundians and Alemanni moved through

2420-550: Was 12, he was enrolled in the Jesuit Gymnasium and Music Seminar at Mannheim , where he studied German and Latin literature and music. There he received a rigorous musical training, especially in violin technique, and philological education from P. Alexander Keck (1724–1804) and P. Anton Klein (1748–1810). Kraus's parents wished him to matriculate as a student of law at the University of Mainz in 1773. However, he

2475-625: Was a professional musician, Ferdinand Zellbell the Younger . The Academy is an independent organization, which acts to promote the artistic, scientific, educational and cultural development of music. Fredrik Wetterqvist is director of the Academy. The Academy consists of a maximum of 170 Swedish and foreign members belonging to various spheres of the music industry and has a research committee which has been operational since 1980s. They are involved in research on Gustavian music drama, music archaeology, future developments in musical life and music in

2530-566: Was a sister of Joseph's. After a short stay in Osterburken , the Kraus family moved in 1761 to Buchen (in the Odenwald ), where Joseph Bernhard Kraus found a position as a clerk. Joseph Martin Kraus began his formal education there. His first music teachers were rector Georg Pfister (1730–1807) and cantor Bernhard Franz Wendler (1702–1782), who gave him mainly piano and violin lessons. Kraus showed his musical talent at an early age. When he

2585-601: Was appointed vice-Kapellmeister of the Royal Swedish Opera and director of the Royal Academy of Music. It was the long-awaited breakthrough. Dizzy with the success, Kraus wrote to his parents: "Immediately after the music ended, the king talked to me for more than a quarter of an hour ... it had simply given him so much satisfaction. Yesterday I was engaged by him. Of course I was not granted any great title, but quite simply that of Kapellmeister . What

2640-587: Was assassinated. (This inspired the plots of operas by several composers, notably Verdi's Un ballo in maschera premiered in 1859.) The death of Gustav III caused considerable turmoil in the cultural establishment that the monarch had nurtured. Kraus wrote a funeral cantata and the Symphonie funèbre , which were played at the burial ceremony on April 13 and May 14. Kraus's own health deteriorated shortly thereafter, and he died in December 1792 from tuberculosis. He

2695-569: Was attributed to Roman Hoffstetter , but both works have been found to be Kraus's compositions and have been recorded professionally by David Aaron Carpenter in 2012. Kraus's chamber music includes quartets, solo sonatas, and sonatas for violin and piano. Miltenberg Miltenberg ( German: [ˈmɪltn̩ˌbɛʁk] ) is a town in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia ( Unterfranken ) in Bavaria , Germany . It

2750-491: Was built around the year 1000. The master builder, however, apparently decided that they were not needed, so they never became part of the cathedral. One of the monoliths now stands in Mainz’ cathedral square, a gift to the city on the occasion of the cathedral's 1,000th anniversary in 1975. Other columns are at Munich ( Bayerisches Nationalmuseum ) and Nuremberg ( Germanisches Nationalmuseum ) . Miltenberg/Miltinburc grew around

2805-521: Was buried outside Stockholm at Tivoli following a ceremony where his coffin was carried across the ice of the Brunnsviken by torchlight. His tomb (c. 1833) bears the inscription: Här det jordiska af Kraus, det himmelska lefver i hans toner , which translates to: Here the earthly of Kraus; the heavenly lives in his music Bertil H. van Boer divides Kraus's sacred music into two periods. The first, from 1768 to 1777, comprises Kraus's music written as

SECTION 50

#1732776882857

2860-437: Was destroyed in 1247 by troops of the Archbishop of Mainz , Siegfried III . At this point, the population of Walehausen/Wallhausen was likely moved to the village Miltinburc, previously founded by Mainz during the first quarter of the 13th century and mentioned first in 1226. Another village, Vachhausen, in between Miltinburc and Wallhausen, was abandoned in the Middle Ages, but the Gothic Laurentiuskapelle , located far from

2915-479: Was later reworked in a more 'manageable' key as Symphony in C minor, VB 142. It is still disputed whether the symphony dedicated to Haydn was the Symphony in D major VB 143 or the Symphony in C minor VB 142. The minor key and the mood of Symphony VB 142 seem to be reminiscent of Haydn's Sturm und Drang period around 1770, comparable with his earlier minor-key works, although based on the first measures of Gluck's overture to Iphigénie en Aulide. In any case, Haydn had

2970-582: Was not satisfied with the situation at that university, and even published a satire about it. After only one year, he applied to the University of Erfurt , where he could study music too. Both Catholic and Protestant (Lutheran) music was flourishing in Erfurt, with a rich musical tradition. Kraus soon neglected his law studies and focused fully on music and literature. A defamation trial against his father forced him to interrupt his studies for one year and to move back to Buchen. He spent his time there writing his three-act tragedy Tolon and several musical works for

3025-433: Was time and again flooded by the Main. The historic centre, which stands on this land, often sustained considerable damage in these floods. Only in the 21st century efficient flood control measures, most of all a wall, have significantly reduced the adverse effects of these floods. Since about the beginning of the 20th century, after buying land from the neighbouring community of Großheubach , Miltenberg has been expanding on

#856143