73-465: Jatinegara (originally known as Meester Cornelis or Meester/Mester for short) is one of the districts ( Indonesian : kecamatan ) of the administrative city of East Jakarta , Indonesia. The name also refers to the larger, historic area of the colonial town of Meester Cornelis. Established in the 17th century, Jatinegara is one of the oldest areas in Jakarta, and contains a number of buildings from
146-458: A landlord ( Landheer ), he was addressed by the old Dutch honorific Meester or master . The land was harvested for timber and used mainly for agriculture. Cornelis Senen died in 1661, and gave his name to his old estate until it was renamed after Indonesian independence. During the 18th century, Meester Cornelis was a military district with residential areas, wide roads, and a semi-rural character. A buffalo market, known for its "Thursday Market",
219-542: A mayor, who is elected by the citizens every five years, together with a vice-mayor; in the past, the mayor was appointed by the provincial administration. Diani Budiarto became the first directly elected mayor of Bogor on 25 October 2008 and assumed his position on 7 April 2009. Legislative power is provided by the Bogor City Regional House of Representatives which consists of 50 directly elected members serving 5-year terms. The Coat of arms of Bogor
292-538: A possible, British attack. The defence system was centered on the Meester Cornelis fort. The British attacked in 1811, won and installed a temporary British administration in the Dutch East Indies. In 1820, under the newly restored Dutch government, the fort was transformed into a prison. Meester Cornelis Military School was opened in 1852 and closed in 1892. While not the first military school in
365-544: A result of defeat of Pasundan in a quick military conflict with the Republic of Indonesia, the city became part of Indonesia, as formalized in August 1950, and its name was officially declared as Bogor. As part of independent modern Indonesia, Bogor has a significant role in the cultural, scientific, and economic development of the country and West Java in particular – in part due to the legacy of infrastructure built during
438-614: A signed agreement between the Crown Prince of Banten and the VOC. The first, and temporal, colonial settlement at Pakuan was a camp of lieutenant Tanoejiwa, a Sundanese employed by the VOC who was sent in 1687 to develop the area. It was seriously damaged by the eruption on 4–5 January 1699 of the Mount Salak volcano ( Indonesian : Gunung Salak ). However, the concomitant forest fires removed much forest, leaving much area for
511-465: A significant increase in the number of traditional Indonesian rickshaw ( becak ) at more than 2,000 units as of 2009. The Bogor railway station was built in 1881, and currently serves about 50,000 passengers and has about 70 departures and 70 arrivals per day. The Bogor Paledang railway station opened in 2013 to serve trains to Sukabumi . Residential buildings occupy 26.46% of the city, or 71.11% of its built-up area; 5–14-storey buildings dominate
584-464: A small cemetery adjacent to churches. Some mosques also have small burial plots. Graves for the poor and nameless are mostly located at Kayumanis, and Gunung Gadung cemetery is restricted to Chinese residents. Bogor is one of the major scientific and educational centers in Indonesia. A significant part of academic and research base was laid in the period of Dutch colonization. In particular, since
657-457: Is 205,000 m , of which 87,000 m are Bogor Botanical Gardens , 19,400 m are taken by 35 parks, 17,200 m by 24 groves and 81,400 m are covered with grass. Several rivers flow through the city toward the Java Sea . The largest ones, Ciliwung and Cisadane, flank the historic city center. Smaller rivers, Cipakancilan, Cidepit, Ciparigi and Cibalok, are guided by cement tubes in many places. It
730-695: Is a rectangular heraldic shield with a pointed base and the side lengths ratio of 5:4, divided by a cross into four parts. The upper left quarter contains the National emblem of Indonesia – the mythical bird Garuda , in the upper right is the presidential palace, in the bottom left is the Salak volcano, and in the lower right is the national Sundanese dagger kujang . The inscription on top reads "KOTA BOGOR", which translates to "THE CITY OF BOGOR". Bogor has developed automotive , chemical , and food industries; its outlying areas are used for agriculture. During
803-491: Is an important industry sector, which yielded US$ 367,000 from 2008 export sales only, mostly to Japan and Middle East. A substantial part of other Bogor production, 144 billion IDR in 2008, is exported. Examples are clothes and footwear (to US, EU, ASEAN , Canada, Australia, Russia), textiles (US, New Zealand ), furniture (South Korea), car tires (ASEAN countries and South America), toys and souvenirs (Japan, Germany, Brazil), soft drinks (ASEAN countries and Middle East). Most of
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#1732802493840876-409: Is as follows: West Jakarta consists of 8 districts and 56 subdistricts with area code 11710 to 11850. The list is as follows: West Jakarta consists of 10 districts and 65 subdistricts with area code 12110 to 12980. The list is as follows: Bogor Bogor City ( Indonesian : Kota Bogor ) or Bogor ( Sundanese : ᮘᮧᮌᮧᮁ , Dutch : Buitenzorg ) is a city in
949-516: Is believed to originate from the Javanese word bogor meaning sugar palm ( Arenga pinnata ) or bokor (a large bowl made from metal), which is still used in the Indonesian language. Alternative origins are the old-Javanese word bhagar (meaning cow), or simply the misspelling of "Buitenzorg" by the local residents. The city grew rapidly in the late 18th – early 19th centuries. This growth
1022-510: Is burned in five incinerators within the city. The seven cemeteries of Bogor are named by the city districts as Cilendek, Kayumanis, Situgede, Mulyaharja, Blender, Dreded and Gunung Gadung. The first six have the status of "public cemeteries" ( Indonesian : Tempat pemakaman umum ), and have no restrictions by religion or ethnicity. However, given the religious composition of Bogor, the cemeteries are predominantly Muslim, and Christian graves are located either in separate areas of cemeteries or in
1095-533: Is carried out in agriculture, soil science, dendrology , veterinary and ichthyology . More specific areas include natural pesticides and repellents , intercropping , industrial applications of essential oils and natural alkaloids , increasing yields of various kinds of pepper, improving preservation processes, etc. Bogor was the capital of the Sundanese kingdom in the Middle Ages. Sundanese culture
1168-544: Is derived from Jatina Nagara , Sundanese for "the might of the state", symbolizing the resistance of the princes of Banten in their fight against the Dutch East India Company . Local lore claims that, sometime in the 17th century, Jatinegara became home to a settlement of Bantenese princes and their followers. During the Dutch colonial period, the area was renamed Meester Cornelis, after Cornelis Senen. He
1241-401: Is divided into 5 administrative cities and one regency , which in turn are divided into districts ( Indonesian : kecamatan ), and subsequently subdistricts ( Indonesian : kelurahan ). In total, there are 44 districts and 267 subdistricts in Jakarta, a number that has remained constant since the most recent administrative change in 2001. South Jakarta and East Jakarta are tied with
1314-404: Is divided into six districts ( kecamatan ), which contain 68 urban villages ( kelurahan ). The districts are tabulated below with their populations at the 2010 and 2020 Censuses, together with the official estimates at the end of 2023. The table also includes the number of administrative villages (all classed as urban kelurahan ) in each district, and their post codes. The city is headed by
1387-551: Is increasing, primarily due to the inflow of poor residents from the surrounding rural areas. In 2009, 17.45% of the population lived below the poverty level, almost twice as high than in 2006 (9.5%) Minimum wage is established by the West Java Governor at 2,658,155 IDR/month. In 2008 there were 3,208 officially registered industrial enterprises in Bogor employing 54,268 people, more than half (32,237) of whom worked at
1460-436: Is rather uneven: 17.64 km of its area has slopes of 0–2°, 80.9 km from 2° to 15°, 11 km between 15° and 25°, 7.65 km from 25° to 40° and 1.20 km over 40°; the northern part is relatively flat and the southern part is more hilly. The soils are dominated by volcanic sedimentary rocks. Given the proximity of large active volcanoes, the area is considered highly seismic. The total area of green space
1533-470: Is related to urbanization as well as the influx of workforce from other parts of the country. The birth rate in 2009 was 563 children per 10,000 people, with the mortality value of 272. During the same year, 12,709 permanent resident moved in and 3,391 people left the city. Men constituted 51.06% and women 48.94% of the population; 28.39% of the inhabitants were under 15 years old, 67.42% were aged 15–65 years and 3.51% – over 65 years. The 2005 estimate of
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#17328024938401606-404: Is worth noting that "ci" in the river names merely means "river" in Sundanese, and the actual name begins after it, but the "ci" is nevertheless included in national and international maps. There are several small lakes within the city, including Situ Burung (lit. Bird Lake; "Situ" meaning "Lake") and Situ Gede (lit. Great Lake), each with an area of several hectares. Rivers and lakes occupy 2.89% of
1679-545: The Dutch East Indies , it was certainly the most successful. One third of the students were born in the colony; the majority came from the Netherlands; and one tenth were other Europeans, mostly from Germany. Most students were from the middle class. The school was later closed down because of financial problems: only one in three students graduated, so the costs per student were unacceptably high. Beginning in
1752-780: The Organisation for the Preservation of Birds and their Habitat are also in Bogor. The literacy rate in Bogor (98.7%) is relatively high for Indonesia. IPB University ( Indonesian : Institut Pertanian Bogor ) is the main agricultural university of the country. It was founded in 1963 based on the agricultural college, which was established back in the 19th century by the Dutch colonial administration. The largest private universities are Pakuan, Juanda, Nusa Bangsa and Ibn Khaldun. In addition to regular schools, there are over 700 Muslim schools ( madrasah ) and several Christian schools and colleges. Most scientific research in Bogor
1825-585: The Sultanate of Banten , causing the existence of the State of Sunda to cease. The city was abandoned and remained uninhabited for decades. In the second half of the 17th century, the abandoned Pakuan as with most of West Java, while formally remaining under the Sultanate of Banten, gradually passed under the control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The formal transition occurred on 17 April 1684 with
1898-513: The West Java province , Indonesia . Located around 60 kilometers (37 mi) south of the national capital of Jakarta , Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide. The city covers an area of 111.39 km , and it had a population of 950,334 in the 2010 Census and 1,043,070 in the 2020 Census. The official estimate as at the end of 2023
1971-502: The life expectancy was 71.8 years, which is the highest figure for West Java and one of the highest in Indonesia. The majority of population (93%) are Muslims with about 6% Christians. However, there are many Christian churches in the city, as well as Buddhist (mostly in the Chinese community) and Hindu communities. Since 2008, a Christian church congregation in Bogor has been embroiled in conflict with Islamic fundamentalists over
2044-871: The 114 largest companies. The outskirts of the city contain about 3,466 hectares of agricultural area, including 111 hectares of water bodies used for fishery and fish farming. The main crops are rice (1165 hectares as of 2007, the annual harvest in 2003 was 9,953 tonnes), various vegetables (772 acres, 8,296 tonnes), corn (382 acres, 6,720 tonnes) and sweet potato (480 acres, 3,480 tonnes). The livestock sector has 25 registered companies (as of 2007) mostly breeding cows (more than 1000 animals yielding more than 2.61 million liters of milk), sheep (about 12,000), chickens (more than 642,000) and ducks (ca. 8,000). About 25–30 tonnes of various species of fish are produced per year by 4 registered companies. The fishes are mostly bred artificially, in ponds and paddy fields. Breeding aquarium fish and also catching them in their natural habitat
2117-680: The 19th century, Jatinegara became one of Batavia's key transportation nodes. A horse tram was established in 1869 connecting Meester Cornelis to Kota Intan (the "Diamond City", the oldest Dutch settlement in Jakarta), via Harmoni. On January 31, 1873, the Dutch East Indian Railway Company established a railway line from Meester Cornelis to Buitenzorg (now Bogor ). This line converged on the Meester Cornelis Station (now Jatinegara Station ), one of
2190-619: The Bogor districts of Cimahpar and Cibilong. Whereas most of the houses (excluding some slum areas) are provided with electricity, street lighting covers only 35.38% of the city (4,193 light sources, as of 2007), however, the number of street lights is increasing at an annual rate of 10–15%. As of 2009, only 47% of Bogor is provided with clean tap water through a centralized water supply systems managed by state-owned Tirta Pakuan. The municipal system takes water from rivers Cisadane (1240 liters per second), and three natural sources: Kota Batu, Bentar-Kambing and Tangka (410 liters per second). Although
2263-583: The Great of Prussia's summer palace outside Potsdam, Sanssouci, with the same meaning in French). Around the same time, the first reference to Bogor as the local name of the city was documented; it was mentioned in the administration report from 7 April 1752 with respect to the part of Buitenzorg adjacent to the Palace. Later this name became used for the whole city as the local alternative to Buitenzorg. This name
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2336-638: The Inspector General of the VOC Abraham van Riebeeck (the son of the founder of Cape Town Jan van Riebeeck and later Governor of Dutch East Indies). The expedition of van Riebeeck performed a detailed study of the Pakuan ruins, discovered and described many archaeological artifacts, including prasasti, and erected buildings for the VOC employees. The area attracted the Dutch by a favorable geographical position and mild climate, preferred over
2409-583: The beginning of the 19th century, there were established laboratories and professional schools focused primarily on improving the efficiency of colonial agriculture. In the late 19th – early 20th centuries major scientific institutions were established – the Research Institute and Rubber Research Institute of Forest. The prevailing profile of research and academic activity was retained in Bogor Indonesia after gaining independence. As in
2482-623: The building permit for their new church. According to 2000 Census, most of the population are Sundanese (76%) as native, with the largest immigrant minorities being Betawi , Javanese , Chinese, and other, often mixed ethnicities. Table based on Ethnicities in the 2000 Indonesian Population Census below; Bogor City is surrounded by the Bogor Regency ( kabupaten ) but in itself is a separate municipality ( kota ), making Bogor City an enclave within Bogor Regency. The city
2555-456: The capital of Sunda was built between two parallel rivers, the Ciliwung and Cisadane . It was named Pakuan Pajajaran , in old Sundanese meaning "a place between the parallel [rivers]", and became the predecessor of the modern Bogor. Over the next several centuries, Pakuan Pajajaran became one of the largest cities in medieval Indonesia with a population reaching 48,000. The name Pajajaran
2628-433: The central part and the outlying areas are mostly built up with single-storeyed houses. The population rise in the 1990s–2000s due to the inflow of external workforce sharply increased the number of substandard housing, mainly on the outskirts of the city. More than half of the slums (1,242,490 m ) are located in northern Bogor, whereas their area is only 89,780 m in the southern part of the city. To improve this situation,
2701-498: The city administration launched a program of construction of cheap housing types (light prefabricated houses) in western Bogor. These houses combine reasonable rent ($ 22 per year ) at acceptable living conditions. Electricity to Bogor is supplied by the Indonesian state company Perusahaan Listrik Negara, which serves the provinces of West Java and Banten . Electricity is provided by more than ten regional thermal and hydroelectric power plants via two local transformer stations located in
2774-454: The city area. Bogor has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) according to the Köppen climate classification , and more humid and rainy than in many other areas of West Java – the average relative humidity is 70%, the average annual precipitation is about 1700 mm, but more than 3500 mm in some areas. Most rain falls between December and February. Because of this weather, Bogor has
2847-520: The city with the nearest metropolitan area (4,612 buses) and 40 with other cities of West Java (330 buses). There are two major bus terminals, Baranangsiang and Bubulak. The former has an area of 22,100 m and is dedicated to long-distance and freight traffic while the latter (area 11,850 m ) serves urban passenger routes. A separate station is dedicated to tourist coaches and buses to the nearest Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, located about 55 kilometers from Bogor. Recent years have seen
2920-626: The colonial period. The area is historically known for its cosmopolitan character, dominated formerly by indigenous Christians from the so-called Outer Islands, but also with sizeable Chinese and Arab communities ( Vreemde Oosterlingen or 'foreign orientals'). Jatinegara railway station , one of the biggest railway stations in Jakarta , is located on the boundary between the districts of Jatinegara and Matraman . Another Jatinegara, an administrative village in Cakung , has no known historic connection to Jatinegara in Jakarta. The name Jatinegara
2993-577: The colonial period. Its special position was further reinforced by the transformation of the former summer residence of the governor-general into the summer palace of the President of Indonesia. In the 1990s–2000s, the city regularly hosted various international events, such as ministry-level meetings of the Asia-Pacific institutions and the APEC summit of 15 November 1994. The city is situated in
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3066-403: The colonization, Bogor was mostly producing coffee, rubber and high-quality timber. Chemical industry was introduced to the city at the end of the 19th century, and car and metal production in the 1950s, during the industrialization of independent Indonesia. The fast economic development of the 1980s was slowed down by the crisis of the 1990s and recovered in the early 2000s; so the growth rate of
3139-474: The economy in Bogor was 5.78% in 2002, 6.07% in 2003 and 6.02% in 2009. At the end of 2009, the Gross Regional Product (GRP) was 12.249 trillion IDR (approximately US$ 1.287 billion ) and the investments amounted to 932.295 billion IDR. Despite the economic growth, the number of citizens living below the poverty level (defined by not only income, but also access to basic social services )
3212-508: The first time, serving a 15.6 km route from Port Tanjung Priok to Jatinegara and 2.6 km route from Jatinegara to Manggarai. The numerous public transportation lines servicing Meester Cornelis indicated the significance of this area at that time. Meester was, at first, governed by an Assistant-Resident, overseeing a traditional bureaucracy with separate administrations for the Europeans, 'Foreign Orientals' and indigenous population of
3285-648: The four oldest railway stations in Jakarta. On April 6, 1875, a railway connection between Meester Cornelis and Batavia was inaugurated, thus connecting the old city of Batavia with Buitenzorg. In the 1880s, the Batavian Eastern Railway Company (BOS) also constructed a 35-mile (56 km) route linking Batavia with Karawang via Meester Cornelis and Bekasi . In 1881, a steam-powered tram was established between Kota Intan and Meester Cornelis through Glodok, Harmoni, Pasar Baru, Pasar Senen and Kramat. On 6 April 1925, electric trains operated for
3358-666: The hot Batavia which was then the administrative center of the Dutch East Indies. In 1744–1745, the residence of the Governor-General was built in Pakuan which was hosting the government during the summer. In 1746, by the order of the Governor-General Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff , the Palace, a nearby Dutch settlement and nine native settlements were merged into an administrative division named Buitenzorg (Dutch for "beyond (or outside) concerns", meaning "without worries" or "carefree", cf. Frederick
3431-559: The largest agricultural school in the colony was established in Buitenzorg. Other scientific institutions including a city library, natural science museum, biology, chemistry, and veterinary medicine laboratories were also constructed during this period. During this time, in 1867, the Buitenzorg Residency was downgraded from a full Residency to an Assistant Residency. By the end of the 19th century, Buitenzorg became one of
3504-547: The largest number of districts with 10 each, while the Thousand Islands Regency has the least with just 2. Central Jakarta consists of 8 districts and 44 subdistricts with area code 10110 to 10750. The list is as follows: North Jakarta consists of 6 districts and 32 subdistricts with area code 14110 to 14470. The list is as follows: East Jakarta consists of 10 districts and 65 subdistricts with area code 13110 to 13960. The list
3577-436: The local sells are carried out via the eight major shopping centers, nine supermarkets and seven major markets. Bogor is a major transport center of Java. It contains 599.2 kilometers of roads (as of 2008) which cover 5.31% of the city area; 30.2 kilometers of the roads are of national and 26.8 km of prefectural importance. The 22 transport lines are operated by 3,506 buses and minibuses. In addition, 10 bus routes connect
3650-406: The main attractions of the city. From the 9th-15th centuries, the capital moved between Pakuan and other cities of the kingdom, and finally returned to Pakuan by King Siliwangi ( Sri Baduga Maharaja ) on 3 June 1482 – the day of his coronation. Since 1973, this date is celebrated in Bogor as an official city holiday. In 1579, Pakuan was captured and almost completely destroyed by the army of
3723-571: The major training centres of the Indonesian militia PETA (Pembela Tanah Air – " Defenders of the Motherland "). On 17 August 1945, Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed independence, but the Dutch regained control of the town and adjoining areas. In February 1948, Buitenzorg was included in the quasi-independent state of West Java,( Indonesian : Negara Jawa Barat ) which was renamed Pasundan in April 1948 ( Indonesian : Negara Pasundan ). This state
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#17328024938403796-465: The most developed and westernized cities in Indonesia. In 1904, Buitenzorg formally became the administrative center of the Dutch East Indies. However, real management remained in Batavia, which hosted most of the administrative offices and the main office of the governor. This status was revoked in the administrative reform of 1924, which divided the colony into provinces and made Buitenzorg seat of
3869-406: The name Meester Cornelis was deemed too Dutch, and was changed to Djatinegara. The name has been retained to this day, though older residents, certain transportation routes and one of the local markets still use the old, colonial name 'Meester'. Jatinegara is one of the districts of East Jakarta . The boundaries of Jatinegara are Bekasi Barat Raya - Bekasi Timur Raya - Jalan I. Gusti Ngurah Rai to
3942-527: The national census held in May–August 2010, 949,066 people were registered in Bogor. The average population density was about 8,000 people per km ; it reached 12,571 persons per km in the centre and drops to 5,866 people per km in the southern part. Based on official figures from Dukcapil Kemendagri, the city's population at the end of 2023 was 1,127,408 people, giving a population density of 10,121 people per km . The rapid population growth in Bogor after 1960
4015-497: The new Buitenzorg Residency and center of West Java Province. During World War II , Buitenzorg and the entire territory of the Dutch East Indies were occupied by Japanese forces; the occupation lasted from 6 March 1942 until the summer of 1945. As part of the efforts by the Japanese to promote nationalist (and thus anti-Dutch) sentiments among the local population the city was given the Indonesian name Bogor. The city had one of
4088-541: The nickname "Rain City" ( Indonesian : Kota hujan ). The temperatures are lower than in coastal Java: the average maximum is 25.9 °C (cf. 32.2 °C in Jakarta). Daily fluctuations (9–10 °C) are rather high for Indonesia. The absolute maximum temperature was recorded at 38 °C and the minimum at 3 °C. The New American Cyclopaedia of 1867 reported Buitenzorg's population as being 320,756, including 9,530 Chinese, 650 Europeans, and 23 Arabs. According to
4161-523: The nickname "Rainy City" ( Kota Hujan ), because of frequent rain showers, even during the dry season. The first mention of a settlement at present Bogor dates to the 5th century when the area was part of Tarumanagara , one of the earliest states in Indonesian history . After a series of defeats by the neighboring Srivijaya , Tarumanagara was transformed into the Sunda Kingdom , and in 669,
4234-562: The north, Kali Sunter to the east, Kali Malang canal - Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road to the south, and Ciliwung River to the west. The district of Jatinegara is divided into eight kelurahan or subdistricts: The Meester-Cornelis (H5) meteorite fell in Jakarta Raya, Indonesia, on 2 June 1915. A total mass of 24.75 kg was recovered. List of districts of Jakarta The Special Capital Region of Jakarta in Indonesia
4307-420: The planned rice and coffee plantations. In a short time, several agricultural settlements appeared around Pakuan, the largest being Kampung Baru (lit. "new village"). In 1701, they were combined into an administrative district; Tanoejiwa was chosen as the head of the district and is regarded as the founder of the modern Bogor Regency . The district was further developed during the 1703 Dutch mission headed by
4380-585: The second half of the 20th century, in the 2000s the strongest areas were agricultural, biology , and veterinary sciences. The main educational and scientific center with the utmost national importance is IPB University , which in addition to educational facilities, includes dozens of research centers and laboratories. Bogor hosts the global headquarters of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), an international organization conducting research on forestry and human development. The headquarters of
4453-473: The summer residence of the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies . With several hundred thousand people living on an area of about 20 km (7.7 sq mi), the central part of Bogor is one of the world's most densely populated areas. The city has a presidential palace and a botanical garden ( Indonesian : Kebun Raya Bogor ) – one of the oldest and largest in the world. It bears
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#17328024938404526-485: The territory. In 1905, Meester Cornelis was chartered as a town with its own council, similar to Batavia; then sometime after 1922, a Mayor replaced the Assistant-Resident. The Mayors were M. Doorninck (1922–1932) and G. Pitlo (1933–1935). Being strategically located, Meester Cornelis also became a center for entertainment and leisure. One of Jakarta's earliest cinemas, the relatively modest Centrale Cinema ,
4599-434: The water network has a total length of 741 kilometers and covers about 70% of the city, connection to it is often problematic for financial and technical reasons. More than half of residents use water wells or natural reservoirs. Garbage collection service covers 67% of the urban area. From about 800,000 m of waste per year, about 90% is buried at an external landfill at Galuga, about 7% is recycled for compost and about 3%
4672-462: The western part of Java island, about 53 km south of the metropolis of Jakarta and 85 km northwest of the city of Bandung , the administrative center of West Java Province. Bogor spreads over a basin near the volcanoes of Salak (which peaks at about 12 km south) and Mount Gede (whose top is 22–25 km south-east of the city). The average elevation is 265 meters, maximum 330 m, and minimum 190 meters above sea level. The terrain
4745-563: Was 1,127,408. Bogor is an important economic, scientific, cultural, and tourist center, as well as a mountain resort. During the Middle Ages , the city served as the capital of the Sunda Kingdom ( Sundanese : Karajaan Sunda ) and was called Pakuan Pajajaran or Dayeuh Pakuan . During the Dutch colonial era , it was named Buitenzorg ( "without worries" in Dutch) and served as
4818-583: Was built in the vicinity in 1706. A fort was built in 1734. The commander of the fort established entertainment facilities around the fort, including a playhouse. In 1746, an encampment for soldiers with malaria was built in this area because of its higher altitude and drier air. An artillery school was established in 1805. In 1810, the Napoleonic Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies , Herman Willem Daendels (1762–1818) designated Meester Cornelis as Batavia's line of defence against
4891-666: Was established by the Netherlands as a step to transform their former colonial possessions in the East Indies into a dependent federation. In December 1949, Pasundan joined the Republic of the United States of Indonesia ( Indonesian : Republik Indonesia Serikat , RIS) established at the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference of 23 August – 2 November 1949. In February 1950, as
4964-519: Was one of the most celebrated Malay-speaking ( Calvinist ) preachers and schoolmasters of his time. He was the son of an indigenous Christian who had been resettled by the Company in Lontor , one of the ( Banda Islands ). In 1656, Senen was granted a private estate ( particuliere land ) to the east of Ciliwung , with total area of 5 square kilometers, about 12 km southeast of the fort of Batavia. As
5037-458: Was opened in 1912 on what is now Jalan Matraman. The cinema would continue to be called Centrale up until the early 1950s, but then underwent a name change to Djaja Cinema (probably during the Sukarno period). The cinema was demolished sometime in the 1980s. In 1935, Meester Cornelis was officially transferred to the administration of the government of Batavia. Under the Japanese occupation,
5110-569: Was partly stimulated by the temporary occupation of the Dutch East Indies by the United Kingdom in 1811–1815 – the British landed on Java and other Sunda Islands to prevent their capture by Napoleonic France which then conquered the Netherlands. The head of the British administration Stamford Raffles moved the administrative center from Batavia to Buitenzorg and implemented new and more efficient management techniques. After Buitenzorg
5183-558: Was returned to the Dutch, it fell under the rule of the Kingdom of the Netherlands rather than VOC. The Buitenzorg Palace was reinstated as the summer residence of the Governor-General. The surrounding territory was also organized into a new Residency , the Buitenzorg Residency . A botanical garden was set up nearby in 1817, which was one of the world's largest gardens in the 19th century. On 10 October 1834, Buitenzorg
5256-425: Was seriously damaged by another eruption of the Salak volcanoes caused by an earthquake. Taking into account the seismic activity of the region, the governor's palace and office buildings constructed in 1840–1850 were built shorter but sturdier than those built prior to the eruption. The Governor's decree of 1845 prescribed separate settlements of European, Chinese and Arab migrants within the city. In 1860–1880,
5329-517: Was then used from the 16th century for the entire kingdom, and the capital was simply called Pakuan. The chronicles of that time were written in Sanskrit , which was the language used for official and religious purposes, using the Pallava script , on rock steles called prasasti . The prasasti found in and around Bogor differ in shape and text style from other Indonesian prasasti and are among
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