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64-541: The Jatta National Archaeological Museum in Ruvo di Puglia , a historic and artistic city in southern Italy, is housed in rooms of Palazzo Jatta and represents the only example in Italy of a nineteenth-century private collection that has remained unaltered from its original museographic concept. The finds preserved in the museum were collected by the archaeologist Giovanni Jatta in the early nineteenth century and his collection

128-411: A fascinum , a magico-religious phallus thought to ward off the evil eye and bring good fortune and prosperity. A tintinnabulum acted as a door amulet. These were hung near thresholds at a shop or house , under the peristyles (around the inner courtyard or garden ) by the bedroom, or the venereum , where the wind would cause them to tinkle. They were also made to ring like doorbells,

192-489: A couple of days, but not exceeding 20 centimeters (8 in). Although episodes with significant accumulation are not uncommon, without even bothering historical events such as the 50 cm (1'6 ft) of January 2–3, 1993. Every winter there are days with low temperatures close to 0 °C (32 °F), due to currents coming from the Scandinavian, Balkan or Russia areas, as well as the extensive nighttime frost in

256-631: A fundamental role for the Roman Republic and for the Empire , first being assigned the Roman citizenship , then the title of municipium and finally becoming the station of the Via Traiana . In 44 , according to legend, Ruvo saw the rise of its own diocese at the behest of St. Peter , who appointed St. Cletus as the first bishop, who in the future would become pope. However, in the imperial age

320-524: A great variety of finds ranging from amphorae and vases of ever smaller dimensions to objects of funeral and daily use. In addition, a Latin inscription is preserved in this room which recalls the construction of the walls of the Roman Rubi (Ruvo). In the third room, containing over four hundred pieces, the white marble bust of Giovanni Jatta junior stands out, who founded the Museum. The first vase placed

384-543: A particular and flourishing economic condition. The walls were further strengthened but despite the long period of peace the population was suffocated by the oppression of the Carafa and by the tyrannical government of the same who transformed the Pilota Tower from a defense tool to a prison for the opponents. Between the end of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, or in the era of the counter-reformation , Ruvo saw

448-497: A series of them being tied to cord attached to a bell pull . The sounds of bells were believed to keep away evil spirits ; compare the apotropaic role of the bell in the " bell, book, and candle " ritual of the earlier Catholic Church . It has also been surmised that oscilla hung on hooks along colonnaded porticoes may have comparable evil-warding intents. Hand-bells have been found in sanctuaries and other settings that indicate their religious usage , and were used at

512-467: Is a Proto-Italian crater from the 4th century BC. on which Cicno are represented and the chariot of Ares is also taken up with an interesting frontal perspective. Bellerophon on Pegasus is depicted on another proto-Italian crater flanked by Athena and Poseidon , the work of the ceramographer called the Ruvo painter . A third crater of Lycurgus shows three scenes: the garden of the Hesperides on

576-486: Is a marble bust but here Giovanni Jatta senior in toga is depicted. A pelike is preserved that takes up the myth of the Nereids and two specimens of lebetes . There are also two volute craters, one of which represents Bellerophon reading his death sentence and another on which a chariot race is painted. In the showcases, double-sided rhyta are kept as well as necklaces and balsam pieces in glass paste. Also important

640-483: Is a terracotta amphora on a blue background. In his historiography Jatta advised to replace the coat of arms inspired by the Greek coins found on which the ancient name of Ruvo was imprinted, or Ρυψ (Rhyps, to be read "Rüps" ), as happened for the city of Taranto . However, this hypothesis has never been taken into consideration and now the terracotta amphora is inextricably linked to the name of Ruvo. Today's coat of arms

704-441: Is also characterized by two large tectonic valleys, where there are modest amounts of non-karst soils, which contain large amounts of clay, sand, and pebbles. The valleys are home to surface water strata, which have been exploited since ancient times with wells that are partly still usable, which favors nearby ancient settlements. The Adriatic side has a wooded scrub, covering 1100 hectares, including numerous oak trees, typical of

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768-488: Is the kylix with the figure of a naked young man. Next to it is a lekythos depicting the singing competition between Tamiri and the Muses . The second showcase collects Neolithic and Iron Age finds. The third and last showcase preserves imported Corinthian works dating from the 7th to the 6th century BC, such as some types of alabastron and ariballo. Other vases kept are of the black-figure type and therefore belonging to

832-694: The Alta Murgia national park , which contains its own operational office, it is home to the Jatta National Archaeological Museum , known for its many Hellenistic period pieces including the Vase of Talos, a community symbol. It is also home to the Municipal Art Gallery of Contemporary Art, named after Domenico Cantatore , a ruvestine expressionist and cubist painter. His artwork is kept there. Additionally,

896-636: The Carafa family of the Counts of Ruvo we note the hero of the Neapolitan Republic of 1799, Ettore Carafa . After the dominion of the Carafa, the liberal uprisings also touched Ruvo but failed miserably as in the rest of the South. However, in the early nineteenth century Giovanni Jatta was particularly distinguished, who was elected by the ruvestines as the city's lawyer, won the case against

960-841: The Gravina in Puglia commune, to the south-west with the Spinazzola and Andria comunes, and to the west with the Corato comune. The territory, not only that included in the Alta Murgia National Park , has the typical characteristics of an Apulian karst landscape: sinkholes , karst valleys, among which the upper course of the Lama Balice (otherwise known as the Tiflis stream) is remembered, as well as caves, including

1024-454: The Saracens . It was in this period that the ruvestines decided to equip themselves with a wall with towers and four doors: Porta Noè (now via Veneto), Porta del Buccettolo (via Campanella), Porta del Castello (piazza Matteotti) and Porta Nuova (corso Piave). In the 11th century the fortress of Ruvo entered the county of Conversano and suffered further violence due to internal struggles for

1088-487: The Second World War Ruvo distinguished itself in the cultural sphere, above all thanks to the works of the painter Domenico Cantatore , but also in the economic sphere with the flourishing vines and olive groves . There is very little information regarding the heraldry of the municipality of Ruvo di Puglia. To shed light on the origin of the coat of arms is Giovanni Jatta in his Historical mention of

1152-480: The onomatopoeic root "ρυ-" that area in which the streams flowed impetuously which then gave rise to the karst phenomena of Apulia. With the complete colonization by the Greek civilization , "ρυ-" was transformed into "Ρυψ", thus giving life to the toponym. The inhabitants were instead indicated with the term "Ρυβαστὲινων" (Rhybasteinon, we read "Rübasteinon"), often abbreviated to "Ρυβα" (Rhyba, pron. "Rüba"). Later with

1216-536: The Ancient City of Ruvo in the Peucetians times . The current coat of arms derives from the incorrect interpretation of the etymology of the toponym since it was believed that Ruvo derives from the expression "land abundant with brambles" and therefore the population called itself a vase full of brambles as a coat of arms. Over time, however, the coat of arms was simplified, giving life to the current one, that

1280-460: The Carafa family, obtaining lavish compensation and was among the protagonists of those archaeological excavations that brought to light the numerous finds of Peucet , Greek and Roman period preserved in the Jatta museum . In the period prior to the unification of Italy , Ruvo was the seat of a Carbonara sale called "Perfetta Fedeltà" which included the patriot and lawyer Francesco Rubini who

1344-637: The Grave della Ferratella, which is the deepest in the region, and the Abisso di Notarvincenzo. The surface drainage is largely directed to the Adriatic Sea , but there are extensive endorheic areas, among which the largest are that of Calentano, drained by karst sinkholes, and that of the Pantano, adjacent to the inhabited center and drained by an artificial tunnel designed in the early 1900s. The countryside

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1408-474: The Octave. It is made up of a red cloth bordered and decorated with golden embroidery on which the golden inscription Comune di Ruvo di Puglia stands out. The golden ornaments of the banner undoubtedly have mysterious origins since silver embroidery and inscriptions are provided for the municipalities. The Ruvo di Puglia flag is rarely used, although displayed on the balconies of Piazza Giacomo Matteotti, seat of

1472-581: The Royal Government to leave the Jatta collection in Ruvo to be exhibited in a building used as a residence and museum. In 1848 the king consented to Mrs. Viesti's requests. With Giovanni Jatta junior's coming of age, the collection had already passed to two thousand specimens and it was up to him to arrange all the finds in the four rooms set up for the museum and in a fifth dedicated to jewelry and coins:

1536-754: The Ruvestine countryside to the Middle Palaeolithic while some remains of villages confirm the presence of man since the 6th millennium BC . However, during the Bronze Age the territory was inhabited by the Morgetes , a people Ausonic, then expelled by the Iapygians with the advent of the Iron Age. The Iapygians settled in the land of Bari giving rise to the Peucetians lineage and Ruvo

1600-649: The Temple of Iuppiter Tonans , "Jupiter the Thunderer." Elaborately decorated pendants for tintinnabula occur in Etruscan settings , depicting for example women carding wool, spinning, and weaving. Bells were hung on the necks of domestic animals such as horses and sheep to keep track of the animals, but perhaps also for apotropaic purposes. A number of examples are part of the Secret Museum collection at

1664-477: The Two Sicilies . As Giovanni Jatta junior recalls: "People no longer came to the city to provide themselves with food; because the vendors of bread, wine and camangiari, housed in small tents, provided the necessary in the same countryside. " The fortuitous discovery in 1820 of the vascular heritage present in the subsoil triggered a real treasure hunt and all Ruvo was turned upside down not so much with

1728-414: The age of seven; the second inscription shows Julia Eutaxia's dedication to her husband. In the adjacent showcases there are fragmentary remains of architectural decorations, statuettes called prayers for the position of the arms, a long series of tools and statuettes of divinities. The tintinnabula , small ceramic animals containing a pebble and used by children as toys arouse curiosity. The second room,

1792-441: The area, among the spontaneous vegetation, is undoubtedly the cardoncello mushroom while in the woods, in addition to Downy Oaks , fragni , holm oaks , Turkey oaks and farnetti prevail. In the undergrowth there are species of gigari and peony mascula . The habitat of the Alta Murgia does not offer specimens of large animals but can include the presence of foxes , wild boars , hares , hedgehogs and vipers . However,

1856-471: The area, while in the hinterland the greater exposure to the winds has created a selective vegetation characterized by shrubs and brambles . In the countryside, 1500 plant species have been identified, among which the Austroitalic stipa stands out. In the pastures there are endemic species such as wild orchids and herbaceous layers characterized by ferules , asphodels and grasses . Typical of

1920-568: The arrival of the Romans , "Ρυβα" was transformed into Riba and then Rubi, to become Rubo in the Middle Ages and finally Ruvo. Since 1863, following the birth of the Kingdom of Italy , the official name of the municipality has become Ruvo di Puglia, to avoid any kind of confusion with the homonymous Lucanian city, Ruvo del Monte . Some artefacts of worked stone date the first settlements in

1984-563: The birth of various associations and congregations still operating today especially in the care of the rites of the Ruvestine Holy Week . However, in this dark period of Ruvo's history some illustrious men stood out among which the most famous is undoubtedly the doctor Domenico Cotugno . In 1806, under the Napoleonic rule, feudalism was abolished, thus concluding the dominion of the Carafa which lasted three centuries. Among

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2048-442: The center of the room there is a gigantic jar reassembled and once used for the collection of food liquids. Under the large window a tuff sarcophagus has been reconstructed with unpainted finds inside. Next to the sarcophagus there are two inscriptions engraved on Roman sepulchral plates dating back to the 2nd century: the first collects the dedication of the spouses Marcus Licinius Hermogenes and Licinia Charite to their son who died at

2112-584: The city houses the Book Museum at Palazzo Caputi , where volumes of medieval and renaissance poetry originates from. It is also the third largest municipality in the Metropolitan City of Bari . It is an olive oil and wine producer city, and an important industrial research center of the Apulian region. The countryside of Ruvo with its vineyards , olive groves , and arable land is one of

2176-496: The city was razed to the ground for the third time. The same fief also saw the thirteen French who clashed against as many Italians in the Challenge of Barletta starting from its wall. In 1510 Oliviero Carafa bought the fief of Ruvo and the city itself experienced a negative historical period. Most of the historic ruvestines patrician families became extinct and only in the seventeenth century new noble families arose that knew

2240-471: The coloristic and perspective researches of the 5th century BC. On the vase is painted the episode narrated by Apollonius of Rhodes in the Argonautiche regarding the killing of Talos by Medea , supported dying by the arms of Castor and Pollux . Also in the room are metal objects and pieces of armor. Ruvo di Puglia It is a art city of Apulia , and a Apulian tourist destination. Part of

2304-578: The countryside. Episodes of evening-night fog in late autumn and early winter are also not rare. The summer period, on the other hand, is affected by the influence of the North African winds which determine long periods of heat and sirocco . The highest peaks in temperature were reached in June 2007 with around 42 °C (107 °F) and in July of the same year it reached 43 °C (109 °F). Often

2368-558: The diffusion of public water. During the First World War 367 ruvestines fell on the battle fronts while in the fascist twenty years other works of public benefit were carried out such as the reclamation of the quagmire and the creation of the sewer in 1938 of which still today we can distinguish some Fascist manhole covers with the Fascist coat of arms alongside the coat of arms of the municipality of Ruvo di Puglia. After

2432-719: The dry and stony aspect of the Murgia favors the existence of reptiles such as the Kotschy gecko and the Leopard Snake . The city is subject to a Mediterranean climate (or, according to the Köppen classification ), characterized by dry and muggy summers and mild and rainy winters. Snowfalls are infrequent, a little more likely in February, but snow nevertheless appears at least twice a year and also generally can accumulate for

2496-498: The exception of the Jatta, then dispersed their archaeological heritage by selling it to private individuals and often abroad, thus causing a dispersion of the stolen historical riches. The exception was represented by the Jatta, especially by Giovanni Jatta senior, magistrate in Naples , who financed various private excavations with the aim of expanding his small collection, mostly composed of coins. Aided by his brother Giulio , in 1844,

2560-490: The existence of numerous species of insects and birds is of particular interest. Typical of the area are the calandrelle , the larks , the cappellacce and the tottaville . The group of birds of prey is also quite numerous among which there are sparrow hawks , red kites , brown kites, bianconi, lanari and an important population of lesser kestrels. The karst environments are instead characterized by specimens of Italian crested newt , toad , tree frog and edible frog while

2624-491: The extremely sultry summers led to long periods of drought, among which we remember those of 1908 and 1914 or, more recently, of 1980. The toponym Ruvo comes from the ancient Greek "Ρυψ" (Rhyps, pron. "Rüps"), deriving from the Indo-European root "ρυ-" (rhy-, pron. "Rü"), the same that gives rise to the term "ρυας" ( rhyas, pron. "rüas") and which means violent torrent. So the first inhabitants wanted to indicate with

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2688-521: The first phase of Atticans ceramics, such as the oinochoe representing Heracles against the lion Nermeo and Theseus chasing the Minotaur . The last pottery, the most valuable, is the Talos vase by the so-called Talos painter. The Museum and the city of Ruvo itself owe their fame to this vase considered one of the most important Atticans ceramic masterpieces due to the artistic innovations present such as

2752-490: The front facade; a sacrifice to Apollo on the rear; Heracles against the bull and a Dionysian rite on the neck of the vase. On a severed column there is also another volute crater on which the myth of Phineus is painted and is the work of the painter Amykos . Other craters placed on the columns depict Theseus and Piritoo punished by Minos and the abduction of the Leucippids. A large number of rhyta , glasses in

2816-427: The future Pope Anacletus at the head of the local episcopate, then united with Bitonto at the end of the 19th century and finally merged into the diocese of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi Tintinnabulum (ancient Rome) In ancient Rome , a tintinnabulum (less often tintinnum ) was a wind chime or assemblage of bells. A tintinnabulum often took the form of a bronze ithyphallic figure or of

2880-528: The interest of setting up a museum or obtaining historically useful information, but with the intention of selling the precious pieces in order to have a personal advantage. Two years later there was a boom in excavations and even the first intellectuals began to take an interest in the finds. In addition to the looting of the ancient necropolis and the market built around the antiques, some noble Houses from Ruvo, such as Caputi, Fenicia, Jatta, Lojodice and others, set up private museums. However, all these Houses, with

2944-833: The largest in the Land of Bari. It fell within the production areas of the Altamura Lentil which obtained the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) in 2017. The territory has an area of 222.04 km and borders to the north with the Bisceglie comune, to the north-east with the Terlizzi comune, to the east with the Bitonto comune, to the south-east with the Altamura comune, to the south with

3008-534: The largest, contains about 700 vases of Greek or local production. The vases were created with the technique of red figures, or red images on a black background. At the entrance to the room it is possible to admire a large crater with masks from the 4th century BC. depicting Apollo in the act of shooting arrows at the Niobids , the work of the Baltimore Painter . The vase is flanked by two amphorae from

3072-544: The management of power, which conflicts led to the second destruction of the town. However, it was under Frederick II of Swabia that Ruvo finally recognized a cultural and economic growth, a period marked by the construction of the Romanesque-Gothic cathedral and in the territory between Ruvo and Canosa of Castel del Monte . However, the foundations of the cities of Corato and Andria also date back to this historical moment, whose territories further diminished

3136-461: The room-by-room arrangement of the finds. it has come down to us intact. In the following centuries some pieces discovered and found by Antonio Jatta were added. In 1991, the Jatta private collection was purchased by the State with an indemnity to the family of 9 billion lire due to the expenses incurred by the family over the years for the care of the heritage. The museum is still arranged according to

3200-509: The ruvestine territory underwent a decrease as Molfetta , Trani and Bisceglie rise, thus losing contact with the sea. In the fifth century the flourishing Ruvo disappeared under the blows of the invasions of the Goths which reduced the city to a pile of rubble for the first time. Ruvo, refounded on the slopes of the original hill, was first conquered by the Lombards and then fell prey to

3264-454: The ruvestine territory. From 1266 Ruvo became a fief and entered, together with the whole of Apulia, among the dominions of the Angevins . Despite this, the Ruvo fiefdom saw the period of peace and prosperity it was going through fade once again since in 1350 the city was razed to the ground and sacked by Ruggiero Sanseverino . The ruvestines were thus forced to rebuild the inhabited center,

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3328-453: The same period but by the painter Lycurgus: the first bears the scenes of Heracles in the temple with Antigone and Creon and of the fight between Amazons and warriors around Heracles; the second, instead, the delivery of weapons to Achilles by the Nereids . Noteworthy is the Attic bell-shaped crater depicting the rise of Heracles to Olympus . The showcases arranged all around contain

3392-404: The shape of human or animal heads are kept in the display cases, including some Atticans and some Iapygians . There is also a pelike representing the meeting between Paris and Helen mediated by Venus , a kantharos with the figure of a bearded old man and an askos . The fourth room, despite being the smallest, collects the most precious finds, about two hundred and seventy. Here too there

3456-532: The town hall, during certain periods of the year or on the occasion of secular and national holidays. The flag is made of a red fabric lined with a floral pattern and edged with gold embroidery. The churches of Ruvo di Puglia constitute the main nucleus of the town's artistic heritage. This is due to the existence, until 1982, of the Diocese of Ruvo , founded according to tradition by Peter the Apostle , who placed

3520-579: The trade of olive oil and wine and in the flourishing production of pottery . The Greek city of Ruvo ended up becoming protected by Athens , as shown by some coins, but also an ally of Taranto . The defeat of the Greek Taranto in the war against Rome marked the end of the Hellenistic age in Apulia, thus making Ruvo enter the orbit of Romanization with the name of Rubi. Later Ruvo played

3584-445: The village experienced its moment of greatest splendor by conducting commercial exchanges with most of the Italic populations, including the Etruscans , minting its own currency and boasting a population and a territory never reached again (Ruvo's polis (City-State) of the Greek age included Molfetta , Terlizzi , Corato , Trani and Bisceglie ). Ruvo established itself as a thriving polis of Magna Graecia and its wealth consisted in

3648-449: The walls and also decided to build the Torre del Pilota (Pilota Tower) 33 meters high (108 ft). The Crown of Aragon dominion succeeded the Angevin dominion.The clashes for domination over the Kingdom of Naples between France and Spain resulted in the famous Battle of Ruvo , which saw the victors of the Spaniards led by Consalvo of Cordova against the French troops of Jacques de La Palice stationed in Ruvo. During this battle

3712-403: The wishes of the founders and is divided into four rooms but until the early twentieth century there were five rooms. The fifth room contained a rich medal collection, stolen in 1915 and no longer found. The exhibits are also arranged in order of importance in fact the first room houses terracotta while the last houses the most important and famous piece, the Talos vase . In 1993 the Jatta Museum

3776-459: The year of Giovanni Jatta's death, the collection included about five hundred finds. The heir of this huge patrimony was the nephew Giovannino, son of Giulio Jatta and Giulia Viesti, however in the will the jurist had ordered the heir to give the wealth to the King of the time to keep them in the Archaeological Museum of Naples . But Giovannino, being still too young, was taken over by his mother Giulia who, after her husband also died, decided to ask

3840-434: Was declared national by ministerial decree, while on 11 June of the same year the Museum was reopened to the public. The rooms are accessed through the ancient wooden door in the courtyard. In the first room there is an inscription in Latin which commemorates the founders of the Museum. Mainly there are terracotta vases with geometric decorations and dating back to the Peucetian age of the seventh and sixth centuries BC. In

3904-405: Was initially founded as a hilltop village currently located between the municipal pine forest and the church of San Michele Arcangelo. The countryside around Ruvo in the Peucetian age was very vast and also had a port, called Respa , near Molfetta . Between the 8th and 5th centuries BC the Greeks peacefully colonized Ruvo which from that moment took the name of "Ρυψ". Around the 4th century BC

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3968-420: Was recognized through a decree of the President of the Republic on January 11, 1950, with the following blazon: "Blue with terracotta amphora." Even less is known about the gonfalon and the flag. The prevailing color is red, which probably recalls the red of the clayey earth and the glaze of the amphora. The banner is displayed in all public ceremonies and also during the processions of the patron saints and

4032-428: Was responsible for organizing the Risorgimento uprisings also in Ruvo. In the post-unification period Ruvo, albeit slowly, knew the signs of progress also thanks to the ruvestine deputy and agronomist Antonio Jatta , who pointed out to the government the numerous problems of Apulia and the province of Bari . Fundamental milestones of progress were marked in 1905 from the arrival of electric lighting and in 1914 with

4096-404: Was subsequently enriched by his nephew of the same name and was sold to the Italian state in the twentieth century. Since December 2014 the Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities has been managing it through the Apulia Museum Complex, which in December 2019 became the Regional Directorate for Museums. The year 1822 brought Ruvo di Puglia on the lips of all the citizens of the Kingdom of

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