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71-472: The Jack Russell Terrier is a British breed of small terrier . It is principally white-bodied and smooth-, rough- or broken-coated, and can be any colour. It derives from dogs bred and used for fox-hunting in North Devon in the early nineteenth century by a country parson , Jack Russell – for whom the breed is named – and has similar origins to the modern Fox Terrier . Though closely similar, it
142-399: A working terrier . Originally bred to bolt foxes from their dens during hunts, they are used on numerous ground-dwelling quarry such as groundhog, badger, otter, and red and grey fox. The working Jack Russell terrier is required to locate quarry in the earth, and then either bolt it or hold it in place until they are dug to. To accomplish this, the dog will not bark but will expect attention to
213-660: A Jack Russell cross from an animal rescue charity in Wales. The dog's name is Dilyn and he became a famous dog at a polling station in the general election . During the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , a 2-year old Jack Russell named Patron has been working with the State Emergency Service of Ukraine to sniff out Russian explosives. As of April 20, 2022, the Ukrainian Government announced that he had located nearly 90 explosives. In
284-539: A central role in the 1980s TV adventure series Tales of the Gold Monkey . K.K. Slider is a Jack Russell who is a main character in the Animal Crossing video game series developed by Nintendo . K.K. is a musician who performs to the townsfolk. He has appeared in every Animal Crossing game to date since the original Animal Crossing game in 2001 to Animal Crossing: New Horizons in 2020. Max,
355-497: A defective antibody response. An autosomal recessive form of SCID has been reported in the Jack Russell Terrier. The condition usually results in death from an infection during the first few months. The allele responsible for the condition is found in less than 1.1% of Jack Russell Terriers and a DNA test exists for the condition. Patellar luxation , also known as luxating patella, is a hereditary disorder affecting
426-402: A further split was occurring between two different types of white terrier, both carrying Jack Russell's name. Heinemann was invited to judge classes for working terriers at Crufts with an aim to bring working terriers back into the show ring and influence those that disregard working qualities in dogs. These classes were continued for several years by various judges, but Charles Cruft dropped
497-644: A larger body size. The height of a Parson Russell at the withers according to the breed standard is 30–36 cm (12–14 in) which places it within the range of the Jack Russell Terrier Club of America 's standard size for a Jack Russell of 25–38 cm (10–15 in). However, the Parson Russell is a conformation show standard whereas the Jack Russell standard is a more general working standard. The Russell Terrier, which
568-667: A physical ideal and purity of lineage". According to BigThink , over 40% of the world's dog breeds come from the United Kingdom , France and Germany . It states: " Great Britain and France are the ground zero of dog fancying, with 57 registered breeds each. Germany is not far behind, with 47 breeds. These three countries alone represent more than 40% of all dog breeds recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale ." Fox Terrier Fox Terriers are two different breeds of
639-555: A short, hard coat which is predominantly white. It measures 14–15.5 inches (36–39 cm) at the withers , and weighs between 15–19 pounds (6.8–8.6 kg). The head of this breed is long and wedge shaped, with small, dark eyes and ears that are v-shaped. The breed has been identified as one of several Vulnerable Native Breeds in the UK. This is when there are fewer than 300 annual registrations with The Kennel Club . In 2010, there were 155 Smooth Fox Terriers registered, compared to 693 for
710-751: A single championship-winning dog. There are two main breeds of Fox Terrier, Smooth and Wire, both of which originate in England. In addition, there are several descendant breeds which have been developed in a variety of countries. For example, the American Toy Fox Terrier was developed from the Smooth Fox Terrier, Italian Greyhound , Manchester Terrier , Miniature Pinscher and Chihuahua breeds. Both major types of Fox Terrier are mostly white with coloured markings and have similar facial characteristics. They are essentially
781-484: Is a distinct and different breed from the Parson Russell Terrier . Jack Russells are an energetic breed that rely on a high level of exercise and stimulation. It has gone through several changes over the years, corresponding to different use and breed standards set by kennel clubs. Recognition by kennel clubs for the Jack Russell breed has been opposed by the breed's parent societies – which resulted in
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#1732797389452852-418: Is a rare type of follicular dysplasia where only the black hairs of a bicolour or tricolour dog will be affected. Jack Russell Terriers are known to be a breed that may acquire the condition although it is seen in several breeds and in mongrels . A type of ichthyosis that can be distinguished both clinically and histopathologically has been identified in separate Jack Russell Terrier families. This ichthyosis
923-577: Is also more severe than other forms. A mutation in the TGM1 gene has been found to be the cause. Primary lens luxation is an inherited condition that often occurs in Jack Russell Terriers as well as other breeds. A study identified a mutation in the ADAMTS17 gene as being responsible for the condition. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a genetic disorder that is related to
994-786: Is also sometimes called the English Jack Russell terrier or the Short Jack Russell terrier is a generally smaller related breed. Both the breed standards of the American Russell Terrier Club and the English Jack Russell Terrier Club Alliance states that at the withers it should be an ideal height of 20–30 cm (8–12 in). Although sometimes called the English or Irish Jack Russell terrier, this
1065-501: Is not known, he is also thought to have come from black and tan terrier stock. Of the female dogs from this period, Grove Nettle was the best known. In addition to those dogs, another named Old Tip is thought to be the forefather of the modern Wire Fox Terrier. The terrier of this period was short of leg, built in a chunky fashion, and had a skull that was broad across the top. Used in hunting packs and kept in kennels along with English Foxhounds , they were bred for their ability to drive
1136-812: Is not the recognised height of Jack Russells in the United Kingdom. According to the Jack Russell Club of Great Britain's breed standard, it is the same size as the standard for Jack Russells in the United States, 25–38 cm (10–15 in). Compared to the Parson Russell Terrier, the Russell Terrier should always be longer than tall at the withers, whereas the Parson Russell's points should be of equal distance. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard for
1207-501: Is seen on a smooth-coated dog. The head should be of moderate width at the ears, narrowing to the eyes, and slightly flat between the ears. There should be a defined but not overpronounced stop at the end of the muzzle where it meets the head, and a black nose. The jaw should be powerful and well boned with a scissor bite and straight teeth. The eyes are almond shaped and dark coloured and should be full of life and intelligence. Small V-shaped ears of moderate thickness are carried forward on
1278-542: The Jack Russell Terrier , Miniature Fox Terrier and Rat Terrier . The Wire and Smooth Fox Terriers share similar characteristics, the main differences being in the coat and markings. They have been successful in conformation shows , more prominently in America than their homeland. English physician John Caius described the English terrier type in his 1577 work English Dogges . By the 18th century, it
1349-588: The fox out of its den. Gradually the pace of the hunt became faster, and the terriers were bred with longer legs for more speed towards the end of the 18th century. However the increased size meant that the Fox Terrier became too big to be used for its original purpose, and its use in fox hunting began to decline. The Fox Terrier Club of England was founded in 1876, with the American Fox Terrier Club following nine years later, becoming
1420-539: The terrier dog type : the Smooth Fox Terrier and the Wire Fox Terrier . Both of these breeds originated in the 19th century from a handful of dogs who are descended from earlier varieties of British terriers, and are related to other modern white terrier breeds. In addition, a number of breeds have diverged from these two main types of fox terrier and have been recognised separately, including
1491-427: The withers , and weigh 6–8 kg (14–18 lb). The body length must be in proportion to the height, and the dog should present a compact, balanced image. Predominantly white in colouration (more than 51%) with black and/or brown and/or tan markings, they exhibit either a smooth, rough or a combination of both which is known as a broken coat. A broken-coated dog may have longer hair on the tail or face than that which
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#17327973894521562-401: The 1860s and 1880s. The Fox Terrier Club was formed in 1875 with Russell as one of the founder members; its breed standard was aspiration, and not a description of how the breed appeared then. By the start of the 20th century, the Fox Terrier had altered more towards the modern breed, but in some parts of the country the old style of John Russell's terriers remained, and it is from those dogs that
1633-888: The ANKC, compared to 18 for the Parson Russell terrier. Other modern breeds are often mistaken for modern Jack Russell terriers, including their cousin the Parson Russell terrier, the Tenterfield terrier, and the Rat Terrier . Several other modern breeds exist that descended from the early Fox Terrier breed, including the Brazilian Terrier , Japanese Terrier , Miniature Fox Terrier , Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz , Rat Terrier , and Tenterfield Terrier . Due to their working nature, Jack Russell terriers remain much as they were some 200 years ago. They are sturdy, tough, and tenacious, measuring between 25–38 cm (10–15 in) at
1704-492: The Jack Russel Terrier to have an average life expectancy of 12 years and 9 months, this was higher than any other breed in the study including crossbreeds. A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 13.3 years compared to 12 years for crossbreeds and 12.7 years for purebreds overall. A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 8 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall. Black hair follicular dysplasia
1775-498: The Jack Russell terrier has this smaller size listed as a requirement. Terrierman Eddie Chapman, who has hunted in Devon for more than 30 years, the same area that John Russell himself hunted, notes that, "I can state categorically that if given the choice, ninety-nine percent of hunt terrier men would buy an under 12 in (30 cm) worker, if it was available, over a 14 in (36 cm) one." Jack Russells are first and foremost
1846-630: The Parson Russell Terrier Association of America. The Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC) and the New Zealand Kennel Club (NZCK) are some of national kennel associations that register both the Jack Russell terrier and the Parson Russell terrier; however, the size requirements for the Jack Russell terrier under both those standards would classify a dog as a Russell terrier in the United States. In 2009, there were 1073 Jack Russells registered with
1917-781: The SEJRTC, and under that standard the breed was recognised by the Kennel Club in 1990 as the Parson Jack Russell terrier. Jack was dropped from the official name in 1999, and the recognised name of the breed became the Parson Russell Terrier . In the late 1990s, the American Kennel Club explored the possibility of recognising the Jack Russell Terrier. This move was opposed by the Jack Russell Terrier Club of America as they did not want
1988-485: The UK for his appearance as "Harvey" in Thinkbox 's three television commercials, and, under his real name in five seasons of Midsomer Murders . He also appeared in several Hollywood blockbusters, as well as in a UK TV movie, several series and miniseries. He retired in 2016 after a long career on the big and small screen. Sykes was also a champion agility competitor. A clever Jack Russel Terrier, named Jack, played
2059-472: The UK, one of the more recognisable canine stars was restaurateur and chef Rick Stein 's irrepressible terrier Chalky , who frequently upstaged his owner on his various cookery series. Chalky had his own line of merchandise, including plushes, tea towels, art prints, art paw prints and two real ales – Chalky's Bite and Chalky's Bark , which won gold in the Quality Drink Awards 2009. Chalky
2130-676: The Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, with four Best in Show titles going to the Smooth Fox Terrier and fourteen titles going to the Wire Fox Terrier. They were both shown as one breed with two coat variations; this changed in 1985 when the American Kennel Club listed the two as separate breeds. In the UK, at Crufts , the Smooth Fox Terrier has not won any Best in Show titles, while the Wire Fox Terrier has won on three occasions. The Smooth Fox Terrier has
2201-694: The Wire Fox Terrier and 8,663 for the most popular breed in the Terrier Group , the Staffordshire Bull Terrier . The most successful dog at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show was Ch. Warren Remedy, who won the Best in Show title three times between 1907 and 1909. These victories were followed by a further Best in Show title for Ch. Sabine Rarebit in 1910. Despite the Smooth Fox Terrier breed winning
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2272-460: The attempt as the classes were never heavily competed. Following Heinemann's death in 1930, the kennel and leadership of the club passed to Annie Harris, but the club itself folded shortly before World War II . Following World War II , the requirement for hunting dogs drastically declined, and with it the numbers of Jack Russell terriers. The dogs were increasingly used as family and companion dogs. The Jack Russell Terrier Club of America (JRTCA)
2343-429: The breed included Ch. Talavera Simon, born in 1924, and Ch. Zeloy Emperor, born in 1960. Myasthenia gravis , a neuromuscular disease , is hereditary in the Smooth Fox Terrier through an autosomal recessive gene. This can also be a symptom of megaesophagus , which is a health issue for the Wire Fox Terrier. Another hereditary condition in the Smooth Fox Terrier is cataracts , which is more prevalent than average in
2414-743: The breed to lose its essential working characteristics. The Jack Russell Terrier Breeders Association formed and petitioned the AKC; the breed's admission was granted in 2001. Under the AKC-recognised standard, the size of the breed was narrowed from the previous club's standard, and the name of the AKC-recognised Jack Russell Terrier was changed to Parson Russell Terrier, with the Jack Russell Terrier Breeders Association renamed to
2485-589: The breed's working ability remained through non-recognition with other breed registries, the SEJRTC activity sought recognition with the UK Kennel club . In 1983, the Parson Jack Russell Club of Great Britain (PJRTCGB) was resurrected to seek Kennel Club recognition for the breed. Although the application was initially rejected, a new standard was created for the PJRTCGB based on the standard of
2556-476: The breed. Both types of Fox Terrier can be susceptible to allergies. In a survey conducted by The Kennel Club , the primary cause of death for Fox Terriers was old age , causing 31.8% of reported deaths. The secondary cause was cancer of an unspecified type, which accounted for 22.7% of reports. The average lifespan of a Fox Terrier is around 15 years; the Kennel Club survey reported a median age at death of 13 years and 2 months. The wire-haired Fox Terrier
2627-560: The breeding and recognition of the Parson Russell terrier. Jack Russells have appeared many times in film, television, and print – with several historical dogs of note. The small white fox-working terriers we know today were first bred by the Reverend John "Jack" Russell , a parson and hunting enthusiast born in 1795, and they can trace their origin to the now extinct English white terrier . Difficulty in differentiating
2698-420: The breeding of terriers suitable for this purpose. Terriers were acquired from Nicholas Snow of Oare , and they were likely descended from Russell's original dogs, as Russell would probably have hunted at some point with Snow's hunting club and is likely to have provided at least some of their original terriers. By the turn of the 20th century, Russell's name had become associated with this breed of dog. The club
2769-469: The condition. A 2014 study identified the KCNJ10 gene as being responsible for the spinocerebellar ataxia accompanied by myokymia and/or seizures in the breed. This condition also affects the closely related Parson Russell Terrier and Russell Terrier . A UK study found the Jack Russell Terrier to be predisposed to steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis . The breed was 6.91 times more likely to contract
2840-463: The condominium or apartment dweller unless the owner is ready to take on the daunting task of providing the dog with the necessary amount of exercise and stimulation. They have a tremendous amount of energy for their size. Due to their use in hunting, in the US the Jack Russell is prone to contracting skunk toxic shock syndrome . A 2022 study of life expectancy of dogs in the UK using veterinary data found
2911-471: The creation and stabilisation of the breed. From 1870 onwards, a complete pedigree for Fox Terriers exists. Three dogs, known as Old Jock , Trap and Tartar, are the ancestors of most modern strains of white terrier. Old Jock was bred from a black and tan terrier, while Trap was from the strain out of Reverend John "Jack" Russell 's dogs. Russell would later have the Jack Russell Terrier series of breeds named after him. Although definitive history on Tartar
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2982-530: The disease than other breeds. Nipper was a dog born in 1884 who was thought to be a dog of the Jack Russell terrier type. He was the inspiration for the painting Dog looking at and listening to a Phonograph , later renamed His Master's Voice . The painting was used by a variety of music related companies including The Gramophone Company , EMI , the Victor Talking Machine Company , and RCA . Today it remains in use incorporated into
3053-407: The dog from the creature it was pursuing brought about the need for a mostly white dog, and so in 1819 during his last year of university at Exeter College, Oxford , he purchased a small white and tan terrier female named Trump from a local milkman in the nearby small hamlet of Elsfield or Marston . Trump epitomised his ideal Fox Terrier , which, at the time, was a term used for any terrier which
3124-401: The films Water for Elephants and The Artist , both in 2011. In the same year, based on interest following The Artist , the "Consider Uggie" campaign was launched, which attempted to gain the dog a nomination for an Academy Award . In 2012, Uggie was named Nintendo 's first-ever spokesdog. Sykes (est. 2001–2019) was a dog actor from Clifton, Oxfordshire, England. He was best known in
3195-462: The first breed speciality club to become a member of the American Kennel Club . A female Smooth Fox Terrier bred by Winthrop Rutherfurd named Warren Remedy was the first winner of Best in Show at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1907, 1908, and 1909. Following the popularity of conformation dog shows , the Fox Terrier was the result of selective breeding . For instance, by 1949, 120 of 140 Wire Fox Terrier champions were descended from
3266-415: The first four Best in Show titles at Westminster, it has not won again since. The Wire Haired Fox Terrier has a hard and crisp double coat with a coarse texture underneath that provides protection from the cold. It should be so dense that the skin cannot be seen or felt. The individual hairs should twist, but are not curly. An average member of the breed should measure 14–15.5 inches (36–39 cm) at
3337-488: The head. When the dog is alert, the tip of the V should not extend past the outer corner of the eyes. The tail is set high and in the past was docked to approximately 10 cm (5 in) in order to provide a sufficient hand-hold for gripping the terrier. The Jack Russell should always appear balanced and alert. The red fox is the traditional quarry of the Jack Russell terrier, so the working Jack Russell must be small enough to pursue it. Red foxes vary in size, but across
3408-458: The hind-legs, the thigh muscles to atrophy and pain in the joint. It usually occurs between 6–12 months of age and has been documented in a variety of other terrier breeds including the Border terrier , Lakeland terrier , and Wheaten terrier . An inherited form of ataxia has been recognised within the Jack Russell Terrier for more than 50 years. Myokymia and seizures are often seen alongside
3479-409: The hunt as well as the courage and formation to chase out foxes that had gone to ground. By the 1850s, these dogs were recognised as a distinct breed. An important attribute in this dog was a tempered aggressiveness that would provide the necessary drive to pursue and bolt the fox, without resulting in physical harm to the quarry and effectively ending the chase, which was considered unsporting. Russell
3550-470: The kneecaps, inherited eye diseases, deafness and Legg Perthes—a disease of the hip joints of small dog breeds. Prone to mast cell tumors. Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome , also called Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head, is where the ball section of the femur in the hip joint deteriorates following interruption of the blood flow and is the same condition as in humans . In dogs, this causes lameness of
3621-447: The knees. It is where the kneecap slips off the groove on which it normally sits. The effects can be temporary with the dog running while holding its hind leg in the air before running on it again once the kneecap slipped back into place as if nothing has happened. Dogs can have a problem with both rear knees, and complications can include arthritis or torn knee ligaments. Severe cases can require surgery. Some are prone to dislocation of
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#17327973894523692-626: The logo for HMV in the UK and Europe. A Jack Russell named Bothie made history in 1982 as part of the Transglobe Expedition . Owned by explorers Ranulph and Ginny Fiennes , he became the first dog to travel to both the North and South Poles . This feat is unlikely to be repeated, as all dogs have been banned from Antarctica by the Antarctic Treaty nations since 1994, due to fears that they could transmit diseases to
3763-600: The main protagonist in Illumination 's The Secret Life of Pets franchise is a Jack Russell Terrier living with his adopted brother Duke, a large Newfoundland mix, and owners Katie, Chuck, and Liam. List of dog breeds This list of dog breeds includes both extant and extinct dog breeds , varieties and types . A research article on dog genomics published in Science/AAAS defines modern dog breeds as "a recent invention defined by conformation to
3834-464: The modern Jack Russell type has descended. Many breeds can claim heritage to the early Fox Terrier of this period, including the Brazilian Terrier , Japanese Terrier , Miniature Fox Terrier , Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz , Rat Terrier , and Tenterfield Terrier . Following Russell's death, the only people who made serious efforts to continue those strains were two men, one in Chislehurst with
3905-486: The native seal population. Ranulph Fiennes and Charles Burton actually made the trip to the north pole by powered sledges before signalling to the base camp that they had arrived. To celebrate their achievement, a plane was sent out to take the two men champagne , along with Bothie. On 29 April 2007, a Jack Russell named George saved five children at a carnival in New Zealand from an attack by two pit bulls . He
3976-560: The open registry. Several breed clubs appeared in the United Kingdom during the 1970s to promote the breed, including the Jack Russell Club of Great Britain (JRTCGB) and the South East Jack Russell Terrier Club (SEJRTC). The JRTCGB promoted the range of sizes that remain in its standards today, whereas the SEJRTC set a minimum height for dogs at 33 cm (13 in). While the JRTCGB sought to ensure that
4047-458: The quarry continuously. Because the preservation of this working ability is of highest importance to most registered JRTCA/JRTCGB breeders, Jack Russells tend to be extremely intelligent, athletic, fearless, and vocal dogs. It is not uncommon for these dogs to become moody or destructive if not properly stimulated and exercised, as they have a tendency to bore easily and will often create their own fun when left alone to entertain themselves, leading to
4118-459: The same except for differences in coats , and slight differences in colouration and markings. Markings on either type can appear black at birth on the head, but may lighten in adult life, the most common colours being tan and black. The markings are a type of piebald spotting. Although the two main breeds were originally commonly interbred, this no longer occurs in pure-bred lines. The Fox Terrier has been more successful than any other breed at
4189-451: The semi-affectionate nickname among suburban pet dogs of "Jack Russell Terrorist". Their high energy and drive make these dogs ideally suited to a number of different dog sports such as flyball or agility . Obedience classes are also recommended to potential owners, as Jack Russells can be stubborn at times and aggressive towards other animals and humans if not properly socialized. Despite their small size, these dogs are not recommended for
4260-523: The surname of East, and another in Cornwall named Archer. East, at one point, had several couples, all of which were descended from one of Russell's dogs. The type aimed for were not as big as the show Fox Terrier and were usually less than 7 kg (15 lb). Arthur Blake Heinemann created the first breed standard and, in 1894, he founded the Devon and Somerset Badger Club, the aims of which were to promote badger digging rather than fox hunting, and
4331-477: The white terriers in the kingdom." Dog writers of the early 20th century suggested that Pitch was a terrier- greyhound cross, which was how the colour was introduced into the breed. Not much is known of early 19th century breeding practices that came to create the modern Fox Terrier. However it is thought that the Beagle , Old English Bulldog , English Toy Terrier , Pointer and even Dalmatian were all used in
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#17327973894524402-627: The withers and weigh 15–19 pounds (6.8–8.6 kg). It has similar features to the Smooth Fox Terrier, with small dark eyes and v-shaped ears. Its body is shorter than it is tall. King Edward VII owned a Wire Fox Terrier from the Notts kennel called Caesar of Notts, which did a great deal to popularise the breed at the turn of the 20th century. Another member of the Notts kennel was an early winner of Best Champion at Crufts in 1911 named Collarbone of Notts. Other individual dogs that greatly influenced
4473-447: The world, they average from 6–8 kg (13–17 lb) in weight and have an average chest size of 30–36 cm (12–14 in) at the widest part. The Jack Russell terrier and Parson Russell Terrier breeds are similar, sharing a common origin, but have several marked differences – the most notable being the range of acceptable heights. Other differences in the Parson Russell can include a longer head and larger chest as well as overall
4544-468: Was a Jack Russell who became the star of the American TV series Wishbone , which aired from 1995 to 2001. In the 2009 movie Hotel for Dogs , Friday, one of the main characters, is a Jack Russell, played by the dog actor Cosmo . Cosmo went on to appear in the films Paul Blart: Mall Cop and Beginners . Uggie (2002–2015) was an animal actor, appearing in commercials starting in 2005 and in
4615-426: Was formed in 1976 by Ailsa Crawford, one of the first Jack Russell terrier breeders in the United States. Size ranges for dogs were kept broad, with the ability of working dogs awarded higher than those in conformation shows . An open registry was maintained, with restricted line breeding. Registration for the club is made at adulthood for Jack Russells, rather than at birth, to ensure the breed's qualities remain, given
4686-473: Was given a BBC obituary when he died in 2007. Moose and his son Enzo played the role of Eddie on the long-running American TV sitcom Frasier . Eddie belonged to lead character Frasier 's father Martin Crane , and constantly "stole the show" with his deadpan antics, receiving more fan mail than any other Frasier character. Moose and Enzo also starred as Skip in the 2000 film My Dog Skip . Soccer
4757-505: Was later renamed the Parson Jack Russell Terrier Club. Badger digging required a different type of dog than fox hunting, and it is likely that Bull Terrier stock was introduced to strengthen the breed, which may have caused the creation of a shorter legged variety of Jack Russell terrier that started to appear around this period. At the same time that a split was appearing between show and working Fox terriers,
4828-541: Was recorded that all terriers were wire haired, and black and tan in colour. The earliest record of any white terrier was a dog named Pitch, who was owned by Colonel Thomas Thornton in 1790. The dog was the subject of a painting by Sawrey Gilpin , who created a portrait of it while it was still alive. An engraving of this painting, made prior to 1810, was accompanied by the text, "It would be necessary to notice Colonel Thorton's terriers if they were only on account of his justly celebrated Pitch, from whom are descended most of
4899-716: Was reported to have charged at them and held them at bay long enough for the children to get away, but he was killed by the pit bulls. He was posthumously awarded the PDSA Gold Medal in 2009, the animal equivalent of the George Cross . A statue has been erected in Manaia , New Zealand, in his memory. A former US Marine also donated to George's owner a Purple Heart award he had received for service in Vietnam . In 2019, Boris Johnson and his partner Carrie Symonds took
4970-731: Was said to have prided himself that his terriers never tasted blood. This line of terriers developed by John Russell was well respected for those qualities, and his dogs were often taken on by hunt enthusiasts. It is unlikely, however, that any dogs alive today can be proved to be descendants from Trump, as Russell was forced to sell all his dogs on more than one occasion because of financial difficulty, and had only four aged (and non-breeding) terriers left when he died in 1883. The Fox terrier and Jack Russell terrier type dogs of today are all descended from dogs of that period. However, documented pedigrees earlier than 1862 have not been found. Several records remain of documented breeding by John Russell between
5041-410: Was used to bolt foxes out of their burrows. Her colouring was described as "...white, with just a patch of dark tan over each eye and ear; whilst a similar dot, not larger than a penny piece, marks the root of the tail." Davies, a friend of Russell's, wrote: "Trump was such an animal as Russell had only seen in his dreams". She was the basis for a breeding program to develop a terrier with high stamina for
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