118-606: Clyde Jackson Browne (born October 9, 1948) is an American rock musician, singer, songwriter, and political activist who has sold over 30 million albums in the United States. Emerging as a teenage songwriter in mid-1960s Los Angeles , he had his first successes writing songs for others. He wrote " These Days " as a 16-year-old; the song became a minor hit for the German singer and Andy Warhol protégé Nico in 1967. He also wrote several songs for fellow Southern California bands
236-706: A cameo appearance in the 2007 film, Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story . Browne's thirteenth studio album, Time the Conqueror , was released September 23, 2008, by Inside Recordings. The album reached the Billboard 200 album chart at No. 20, which was his first top-20 record since releasing Lawyers in Love in 1983. In addition, the album peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart. During August 2008, Browne sued John McCain ,
354-605: A gross metropolitan product of over $ 1.0 trillion, making it the city with the third-largest GDP in the world, after New York and Tokyo . Los Angeles hosted the Summer Olympics in 1932 and 1984 , and will also host in 2028 . Despite a business exodus from Downtown Los Angeles since the COVID-19 pandemic , the city's urban core is evolving as a cultural center with the world's largest showcase of architecture designed by Frank Gehry . On September 4, 1781,
472-730: A "new face to look for" and praised his "mind-boggling melodies". In 1971, Browne signed with his manager David Geffen 's Asylum Records and released Jackson Browne (1972) produced and engineered by Richard Orshoff, which included the piano-driven " Doctor My Eyes ", which entered the Top Ten in the US singles chart . " Rock Me on the Water ", from the same album, also gained considerable radio airplay , while " Jamaica Say You Will " and " Song for Adam " (written about his friend Adam Saylor's death) helped establish Browne's reputation. Touring to promote
590-470: A 23-song, two-disc set titled Looking into You: A Tribute to Jackson Browne was released. The album features covers of Browne's songs by such artists as Bruce Springsteen , Don Henley , Lyle Lovett and Bonnie Raitt . On October 7, 2014, Browne's 14th studio album, titled Standing in the Breach , was released. In January 2016, Browne endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in
708-544: A Patriot" and other songs. He participated in the Vote for Change tour during October 2004, playing a series of concerts in American swing states . These concerts were organized by MoveOn.org to mobilize people to vote for John Kerry in the presidential election . Browne appeared with Bonnie Raitt and Keb' Mo' , and once with Bruce Springsteen . During late 2006, Browne performed with Michael Stanley and JD Souther at
826-546: A bass player and singer in the band Sonny and the Sunsets since 2007. Browne and Lynne Sweeney were divorced in 1983 when he began dating actress Daryl Hannah . The relationship ended in 1992. He was with artist and environmental activist Dianna Cohen , a cofounding member of the Plastic Pollution Coalition , through the mid-2000s. He has one grandson. Browne was active in the anti-nuclear movement in
944-419: A cover of Buddy Holly's " True Love Ways " for a 2011 tribute album, Listen to Me: Buddy Holly . In 2012, he joined artists such as David Crosby and Pete Seeger in supporting Ben Cohen 's Stamp Stampede campaign to legally stamp messages such as "Not to Be Used for Bribing Politicians" on American currency to build a movement to amend the constitution and get big money out of politics. On April 1, 2014,
1062-538: A diverse economy with a broad range of industries. Despite a steep exodus of film and television production since the COVID-19 pandemic , Los Angeles is still one of the largest hubs of American film production , the world's largest by revenue; the city is an important site in the history of film . It also has one of the busiest container ports in the Americas. In 2018, the Los Angeles metropolitan area had
1180-693: A folk band with Ned Doheny and Jack Wilce. This is when he first met Glenn Frey . Browne's first songs, such as "Shadow Dream Song" and "These Days", were recorded by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Tom Rush , Nico, Steve Noonan, Gregg Allman , Joan Baez , the Eagles , Linda Ronstadt , the Byrds , Iain Matthews , and others. Browne did not release his own versions of these early songs until years later. Soon Rolling Stone mentioned Browne as
1298-683: A fundraiser for Democratic candidates in Ohio . For the 2008 presidential election , he endorsed John Edwards for the Democratic presidential nomination and performed at some of Edwards's appearances. After Barack Obama won the Democratic nomination, Browne endorsed him. Browne also performed briefly at the Occupy Wall Street presence at Zuccotti Park in Lower Manhattan on December 1, 2011, to show his support for their cause. In
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#17327975983281416-614: A group of 44 settlers known as " Los Pobladores " founded the pueblo (town) they called El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles , 'The Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels';. The original name of the settlement is disputed; the Guinness Book of World Records rendered it as "El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río Porciúncula "; other sources have shortened or alternate versions of
1534-502: A mixture of styles, ranging from the mariachi -inspired "Linda Paloma" to the country -driven "Your Bright Baby Blues" and the downbeat "Sleep's Dark and Silent Gate". A year after Major's untimely death, " Here Come Those Tears Again "—which he co-wrote with Nancy Farnsworth, the mother of his deceased wife—peaked at No. 23 on the Hot 100. Running on Empty (1977), recorded entirely on tour, became his biggest commercial success. Breaking
1652-483: A new version of her song " Kyoto ", released exclusively for Spotify . Browne's fifteenth studio album, Downhill from Everywhere , was released July 23, 2021, by Inside Recordings. Browne has been married twice and has two children. His first wife was actress and model Phyllis Major. The two began their relationship around 1971. Their son, model and actor Ethan Zane Browne, was born in 1973 and grew up in Los Angeles. Jackson and six-month-old Ethan appeared together on
1770-736: A nuclear reprocessing plant in Barnwell, South Carolina , to perform a free concert the night before a civil disobedience action; he did not participate in the action. In June 1978 he performed on the grounds of the Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant construction site in New Hampshire for 20,000 opponents of the reactor. Shortly after the Three Mile Island nuclear accident , during March 1979, Browne joined with several musician friends to found
1888-425: A profit; the other, according to an analysis of contemporary newspaper reports, was the 1932 Summer Olympics , also held in Los Angeles. Racial tensions erupted on April 29, 1992, with the acquittal by a Simi Valley jury of four Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers captured on videotape beating Rodney King , culminating in large-scale riots . In 1994, the magnitude 6.7 Northridge earthquake shook
2006-559: A series of battles, culminating with the signing of the Treaty of Cahuenga on January 13, 1847. The Mexican Cession was formalized in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, which ceded Los Angeles and the rest of Alta California to the United States. Railroads arrived with the completion of the transcontinental Southern Pacific line from New Orleans to Los Angeles in 1876 and the Santa Fe Railroad in 1885. Petroleum
2124-507: A single type, where industrial uses were prohibited. The proscriptions included barns, lumber yards, and any industrial land use employing machine-powered equipment. These laws were enforced against industrial properties after the fact. These prohibitions were in addition to existing activities that were already regulated as nuisances. These included explosives warehousing, gas works, oil drilling, slaughterhouses, and tanneries . Los Angeles City Council also designated seven industrial zones within
2242-466: A touring musician, and the album was recorded both on stage and in places touring musicians spend time when not playing, such as hotel rooms, backstage, and in one case on a moving tour bus . The album produced two Top 40 singles, " Running on Empty " and " The Load-Out / Stay ", and many of the other tracks became popular radio hits on the AOR format. Browne had successful albums through the 1980s, including
2360-607: A trend in California to give places Spanish, or Spanish-sounding, names and pronunciations. In 1908, librarian Charles Fletcher Lummis , who argued for the name's pronunciation with a hard g ( / ɡ / ), reported that there were at least 12 pronunciation variants. In the early 1900s, the Los Angeles Times advocated for pronouncing it Loce AHNG-hayl-ais ( / l oʊ s ˈ ɑː ŋ h eɪ l eɪ s / ), approximating Spanish [los ˈaŋxeles] , by printing
2478-438: Is Mount San Antonio , locally known as Mount Baldy, which reaches 10,064 feet (3,068 m). Further afield, the highest point in southern California is San Gorgonio Mountain , 81 miles (130 km) east of downtown Los Angeles, with a height of 11,503 feet (3,506 m). The Los Angeles River , which is largely seasonal, is the primary drainage channel . It was straightened and lined in 51 miles (82 km) of concrete by
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#17327975983282596-496: Is 2021's Downhill from Everywhere , the follow-up to 2014's Standing in the Breach , which included the first fully realized version of his song " The Birds of St. Marks ", a song he had written at age 18. In 2015, Rolling Stone ranked him as 37th in its list of the " 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time ". Browne was born October 9, 1948, in Heidelberg , Germany, where his father Clyde Jack Browne, an American serviceman,
2714-722: Is a common problem in this population. Although Serieys et al. 2014 find selection of immune genetics at several loci they do not demonstrate that this produces a real difference which helps the bobcats to survive future mange outbreaks . Los Angeles is subject to earthquakes because of its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire . The geologic instability has produced numerous faults , which cause approximately 10,000 earthquakes annually in Southern California, though most of them are too small to be felt. The strike-slip San Andreas Fault system, which sits at
2832-452: Is complicated by rugged terrain, which has necessitated having different grids for each of the valleys that Los Angeles covers. Major streets are designed to move large volumes of traffic through many parts of the city, many of which are extremely long; Sepulveda Boulevard is 43 miles (69 km) long, while Foothill Boulevard is over 60 miles (97 km) long, reaching as far east as San Bernardino. Drivers in Los Angeles suffer from one of
2950-437: Is divided into many different districts and neighborhoods, some of which had been separately incorporated cities that eventually merged with Los Angeles. These neighborhoods were developed piecemeal, and are well-defined enough that the city has signage which marks nearly all of them. The city's street patterns generally follow a grid plan , with uniform block lengths and occasional roads that cut across blocks. However, this
3068-502: Is expected to continue to drop in the coming years because of aggressive steps to reduce it, which include electric and hybrid cars, improvements in mass transit , and other measures. The number of Stage 1 smog alerts in Los Angeles has declined from over 100 per year in the 1970s to almost zero in the new millennium. Despite improvement, the 2006 and 2007 annual reports of the American Lung Association ranked
3186-731: Is in the Highland Park district of Los Angeles. In his teens, he began singing folk songs in local venues including Ash Grove and The Troubadour Club . He attended Sunny Hills High School in Fullerton, California , graduating in 1966. After graduating from high school Browne joined the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band , performing at the Golden Bear in Huntington Beach, California , where they opened for
3304-466: Is overrepresented; every other genre and subgenre of popular music is underrepresented." Geeta Dayal from The Guardian accused the list's sponsorship by Apple Music of determining the selection. Tom Moon wrote for NPR , "This list represents another trip through the hagiographic, hermetically sealed rock hall of fame , with the same stars you've been reading about in Rolling Stone since
3422-488: Is rich in native plant species partly because of its diversity of habitats, including beaches, wetlands , and mountains. The most prevalent plant communities are coastal sage scrub , chaparral shrubland, and riparian woodland . Native plants include: the California poppy , matilija poppy , toyon , Ceanothus , Chamise , Coast Live Oak , sycamore , willow and Giant Wildrye . Many of these native species, such as
3540-567: Is the principal city of a metropolitan area of 12.8 million people (2023). Greater Los Angeles , which includes the Los Angeles and Riverside–San Bernardino metropolitan areas, is a sprawling metropolis of over 18.3 million residents. The majority of the city proper lies in a basin in Southern California adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in the west and extending partly through the Santa Monica Mountains and north into
3658-671: The Billboard Hot 100 . The 1983 Lawyers in Love followed, signaling a discernible change in lyrics from the personal to the political. In 1985, he sang a duet with Clarence Clemons in a song called " You're a Friend of Mine ". Political protest is featured in Browne's music in the 1986 album, Lives in the Balance , an explicit condemnation of U.S. policy in Central America. Flavored with new instrumental textures, it
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3776-413: The 1916 New York City Zoning Ordinance did. Second, the residential zones did not distinguish types of housing; they treated apartments, hotels, and detached-single-family housing equally. In 1910, Hollywood merged into Los Angeles, with 10 movie companies already operating in the city at the time. By 1921, more than 80 percent of the world's film industry was concentrated in L.A. The money generated by
3894-411: The 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries , Browne endorsed United States senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont . Solo Acoustic, Vol. 1 , was released in 2005 on Inside Recordings . The album consists of live recordings of 11 previously released tracks including " The Birds of St. Marks ", a song written in 1967, that appears on his 2014 album, Standing in the Breach . Solo Acoustic, Vol. 1
4012-577: The 2016 United States presidential election . On February 15, 2016, at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards , Browne and the Eagles performed " Take It Easy " in honor of Glenn Frey , who had died the month before. Browne plays himself and sings in episode 10 of the Showtime series Roadies . In March 2020, Browne released "A Little Soon to Say" as the first single from his then-as-yet-untitled upcoming fifteenth album. The following month he released another single, "Downhill from Everywhere", which serves as
4130-805: The Army Corps of Engineers to act as a flood control channel. The river begins in the Canoga Park district of the city, flows east from the San Fernando Valley along the north edge of the Santa Monica Mountains, and turns south through the city center, flowing to its mouth in the Port of Long Beach at the Pacific Ocean. The smaller Ballona Creek flows into the Santa Monica Bay at Playa del Rey . Los Angeles
4248-547: The Hillside Stranglers murder cases in 1977–1978. In early 1984, the city surpassed Chicago in population, thus becoming the second largest city in the United States. In 1984, the city hosted the Summer Olympic Games for the second time . Despite being boycotted by 14 Communist countries , the 1984 Olympics became more financially successful than any previous, and the second Olympics to turn
4366-546: The Los Angeles sunflower , have become so rare as to be considered endangered. Mexican Fan Palms , Canary Island Palms , Queen Palms , Date Palms , and California Fan Palms are common in the Los Angeles area, although only the last is native to California, though still not native to the City of Los Angeles. Los Angeles has a number of official flora: The city has an urban population of bobcats ( Lynx rufus ). Mange
4484-439: The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band (of which he was briefly a member in 1966) and Eagles , the latter of whom had their first Billboard Top 40 hit in 1972 with the Browne co-written song " Take It Easy ". Encouraged by his successes writing songs for others, Browne released his self-titled debut album in 1972, which included two Top 40 hits of his own, " Doctor, My Eyes " and " Rock Me on the Water ". For his debut album, as well as
4602-786: The Ohio Republican Party , and the Republican National Committee for using his 1977 hit, " Running on Empty ", in an attack advertisement against Barack Obama without his permission. In July 2009, the matter was settled under an undisclosed financial agreement with an apology from the McCain campaign and other parties. During August 2008, he appeared on the ALMA Awards in a taped interview honoring Trailblazer Award recipient and long-time friend, Linda Ronstadt . On May 31, 2008, Browne performed at
4720-567: The San Fernando Valley , with the city bordering the San Gabriel Valley to its east. It covers about 469 square miles (1,210 km ), and is the county seat of Los Angeles County , which is the most populous county in the United States with an estimated 9.86 million residents as of 2022 . It is the third-most visited city in the U.S. with over 2.7 million visitors as of 2023. The area that became Los Angeles
4838-618: The antinuclear organization Musicians United for Safe Energy . He was arrested while protesting against the Diablo Canyon Power Plant near San Luis Obispo . His next album, Hold Out (1980), was commercially successful and his only number 1 record on the U.S. pop albums chart . The album generated " Boulevard ". In 1982, he released the single " Somebody's Baby " from the Fast Times at Ridgemont High soundtrack, which became his biggest hit, peaking at number 7 on
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4956-505: The respelling under its masthead for several years. This did not find favor. Since the 1930s, / l ɔː s ˈ æ n dʒ əl ə s / has been most common. In 1934, the United States Board on Geographic Names decreed that this pronunciation be used by the federal government. This was also endorsed in 1952 by a "jury" appointed by Mayor Fletcher Bowron to devise an official pronunciation. Common pronunciations in
5074-515: The 1980 album Hold Out , which was his only number 1 album; the non-album single " Somebody's Baby ", which was used in the film Fast Times at Ridgemont High , and 1983's Lawyers in Love , which included the hit single " Tender Is the Night ". In 1986, he released Lives in the Balance , which had several radio hits and included the introspective " In the Shape of a Heart ", which was inspired by
5192-611: The 1986 A Conspiracy of Hope tour), post- Somoza revolutionary Nicaragua, and the Christic Institute . The album World in Motion , released in 1989, contains a cover of Steven Van Zandt 's "I am a Patriot", a song which he has performed at numerous concerts. Browne also performed alongside Roy Orbison in A Black and White Night in 1988 along with Bruce Springsteen , k.d. lang , and several others. The special originally aired on Cinemax . Browne wrote and recorded
5310-507: The 20th century, Los Angeles substantially reduced the amount of housing that could be built by drastically downzoning the city. In 1960, the city had a total zoned capacity for approximately 10 million people. By 1990, that capacity had fallen to 4.5 million as a result of policy decisions to ban housing through zoning. Racial tensions led to the Watts riots in 1965, resulting in 34 deaths and over 1,000 injuries. In 1969, California became
5428-458: The Angels'. The present-day city has the largest Roman Catholic archdiocese in the United States. Two-thirds of the Mexican or ( New Spain ) settlers were mestizo or mulatto , a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small ranch town for decades, but by 1820, the population had increased to about 650 residents. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in
5546-799: The Artist for the Arts Foundation benefit at Barnum Hall, Santa Monica High School in Santa Monica. Performing live alongside Heart, Venice ("Crazy on You") and over 70 members of the Santa Monica High School (SaMoHi) Orchestra and Girls Choir ("Bohemian Rhapsody"), the benefit helped to provide funds for the continuation of music education in public schools. Browne again performed there with Heart and other musician guest stars in 2009. In June 2008, Browne appeared alongside Noam Chomsky , Douglas Rushkoff , and 98 other acts in
5664-651: The Eagles were inducted first, he said, "You wrote the songs they wished they had written." Browne had written quite a few hit songs that many artists, including the Eagles, had recorded over the span of his career. The previous year, three of Browne's albums— For Everyman , Late for the Sky , and The Pretender —had been selected by Rolling Stone magazine as among its choices for the 500 best albums of all time. A liberal Democrat, Browne appeared in several rallies for presidential candidate Ralph Nader in 2000, singing "I Am
5782-629: The Los Angeles area include the 1933 Long Beach , 1971 San Fernando , 1987 Whittier Narrows , and the 1994 Northridge events. All but a few are of low intensity and are not felt. The USGS has released the UCERF California earthquake forecast , which models earthquake occurrence in California. Parts of the city are also vulnerable to tsunamis ; harbor areas were damaged by waves from Aleutian Islands earthquake in 1946, Valdivia earthquake in 1960, Alaska earthquake in 1964, Chile earthquake in 2010 and Japan earthquake in 2011. The city
5900-502: The Los Angeles area was the headquarters of six of the country's major aircraft manufacturers ( Douglas Aircraft Company , Hughes Aircraft , Lockheed , North American Aviation , Northrop Corporation , and Vultee ). During the war, more aircraft were produced in one year than in all the pre-war years since the Wright brothers flew the first airplane in 1903, combined. Manufacturing in Los Angeles skyrocketed, and as William S. Knudsen , of
6018-548: The Los Angeles region. In 1846, during the wider Mexican-American war , marines from the United States occupied the pueblo. This resulted in the siege of Los Angeles where 150 Mexican militias fought the occupiers which eventually surrendered. Mexican rule ended during following the American Conquest of California , part of the larger Mexican-American War . Americans took control from the Californios after
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#17327975983286136-685: The Los Angeles/Long Beach port complex, Los Angeles suffers from air pollution in the form of smog. The Los Angeles Basin and the San Fernando Valley are susceptible to atmospheric inversion , which holds in the exhausts from road vehicles, airplanes, locomotives, shipping, manufacturing, and other sources. The smog season lasts from approximately May to October. While other large cities rely on rain to clear smog, Los Angeles gets only 15 inches (380 mm) of rain each year: pollution accumulates over many consecutive days. Issues of air quality in Los Angeles and other major cities led to
6254-672: The Lovin' Spoonful . Later the band recorded a number of Browne's songs, including "These Days", "Holding", and "Shadow Dream Song". He was in his friend Pamela Polland 's band, Gentle Soul for a short time. He left the Dirt Band after a few months and moved to Greenwich Village , New York, where he became a staff writer for Elektra 's publishing company, Nina Music, before he was eighteen. He reported on musical events in New York City with his friends Greg Copeland and Adam Saylor. For
6372-523: The National Defense Advisory Commission put it, "We won because we smothered the enemy in an avalanche of production, the like of which he had never seen, nor dreamed possible." After the end of World War II Los Angeles grew more rapidly than ever, sprawling into the San Fernando Valley . The expansion of the state owned Interstate Highway System during the 1950s and 1960s helped propel suburban growth and signaled
6490-696: The San Fernando Valley. Other hilly parts of Los Angeles include the Mt. Washington area north of Downtown, eastern parts such as Boyle Heights , the Crenshaw district around the Baldwin Hills , and the San Pedro district. Surrounding the city are much higher mountains. Immediately to the north lie the San Gabriel Mountains , which is a popular recreation area for Angelenos. Its high point
6608-459: The Sky (1974) consolidated Browne's fan base, and the album peaked at No. 14, the 84th-best-selling album of 1974. Browne's work began to demonstrate a reputation for memorable melody, insightful, often very personal lyrics, and a talent for his arrangements in composition. It featured a Magritte -inspired cover. Highlights included the title song, the elegiac "For a Dancer", "Before the Deluge", and " Fountain of Sorrow ". The arrangements featured
6726-455: The Southern Californian coast, is subject to a late spring/early summer weather phenomenon called " June Gloom ". This involves overcast or foggy skies in the morning that yield to sun by early afternoon. More recently, statewide droughts in California have further strained the city's water security . Downtown Los Angeles averages 14.67 in (373 mm) of precipitation annually, mainly occurring between November and March, generally in
6844-487: The Spanish founded the Pueblo de Los Ángeles . Iyáangẚ has also been translated as "the valley of smoke". Maritime explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area of southern California for the Spanish Empire in 1542, while on an official military exploring expedition, as he was moving northward along the Pacific coast from earlier colonizing bases of New Spain in Central and South America. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí reached
6962-419: The United Kingdom include / l ɒ s ˈ æ n dʒ ɪ l iː z , - l ɪ z , - l ɪ s / loss AN -jil-eez, -iz, -iss . Phonetician Jack Windsor Lewis described the most common one, / l ɒ s ˈ æ n dʒ ɪ l iː z / , as a spelling pronunciation based on analogy to Greek words ending in -es , "reflecting a time when the classics were familiar if Spanish
7080-412: The United States , and founded MUSE ( Musicians United for Safe Energy ) with Bonnie Raitt and John Hall in 1979. He was also an active member of the Abalone Alliance and the Alliance for Survival. According to environmental activist Ed Begley Jr. , "He's got this big wind turbine, and his ranch is completely off the [power] grid", Begley said. "He's done all of it himself." Browne campaigns against
7198-424: The album's title track. Downhill from Everywhere was slated to be released on his 72nd birthday, October 9, 2020; however, its release was pushed back to July 23, 2021. A U.S. tour with James Taylor , which was supposed to take place in 2020, had also been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and was rescheduled to the summer of 2021. In March 2021, Browne collaborated with singer-songwriter Phoebe Bridgers for
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#17327975983287316-443: The album, he shared the bill with Linda Ronstadt and Joni Mitchell . His next album, For Everyman (1973)—while considered of high quality—was less successful than his debut album, although it still sold a million copies. The upbeat " Take It Easy ", cowritten with Eagles' Glenn Frey, had already been a major success for that group, while his own recording of "These Days" reflected a sound representing Browne's angst. Late for
7434-438: The birthplace of the Internet, as the first ARPANET transmission was sent from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park . In 1973, Tom Bradley was elected as the city's first African American mayor, serving for five terms until retiring in 1993. Other events in the city during the 1970s included the Symbionese Liberation Army 's South Central standoff in 1974 and
7552-499: The boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate , passes through the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The segment of the fault passing through Southern California experiences a major earthquake roughly every 110 to 140 years, and seismologists have warned about the next "big one", as the last major earthquake was the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake . The Los Angeles basin and metropolitan area are also at risk from blind thrust earthquakes . Major earthquakes that have hit
7670-428: The boundary of a Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csb on the coast, Csa otherwise). Daytime temperatures are generally temperate all year round. In winter, they average around 68 °F (20 °C). Autumn months tend to be hot, with major heat waves a common occurrence in September and October, while the spring months tend to be cooler and experience more precipitation. Los Angeles has plenty of sunshine throughout
7788-445: The charity album For Our Children to benefit the Pediatrics AIDS Foundation . Browne and Warnes again performed it live for the Tucson, AZ, benefit concert. On November 8 and 9, 1992, Browne performed in Honolulu with Bonnie Raitt, Crosby, Stills & Nash , and the Pahinui Brothers in a benefit concert for the victims of Hurricane Iniki which had devastated the island of Kauai two months earlier. Browne performed and sang
7906-404: The city as the most polluted in the country with short-term particle pollution and year-round particle pollution. In 2008, the city was ranked the second most polluted and again had the highest year-round particulate pollution. The city met its goal of providing 20 percent of the city's power from renewable sources in 2010. The American Lung Association's 2013 survey ranks the metro area as having
8024-403: The city is 342 miles (550 km). Los Angeles is both flat and hilly. The highest point in the city proper is Mount Lukens at 5,074 ft (1,547 m), located in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains at the north extent of the Crescenta Valley . The eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains stretches from Downtown to the Pacific Ocean and separates the Los Angeles Basin from
8142-450: The city, causing $ 12.5 billion in damage and 72 deaths. The century ended with the Rampart scandal , one of the most extensive documented cases of police misconduct in American history. In 2002, Mayor James Hahn led the campaign against secession, resulting in voters defeating efforts by the San Fernando Valley and Hollywood to secede from the city. In 2022 , Karen Bass became the city's first female mayor , making Los Angeles
8260-420: The city. However, between 1908 and 1915, the Los Angeles City Council created various exceptions to the broad proscriptions that applied to these three residential zones, and as a consequence, some industrial uses emerged within them. There are two differences between the 1908 Residence District Ordinance and later zoning laws in the United States. First, the 1908 laws did not establish a comprehensive zoning map as
8378-508: The concert in 1996 by Rhino Records . Los Angeles Los Angeles , often referred to by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of California . With an estimated 3,820,914 residents within the city limits as of 2023 , it is the second-most populous city in the United States, behind only New York City ; it is also the commercial, financial and cultural center of Southern California . Los Angeles has an ethnically and culturally diverse population, and
8496-598: The continued growth of the city. Because of clauses in the city's charter that prevented the City of Los Angeles from selling or providing water from the aqueduct to any area outside its borders, many adjacent cities and communities felt compelled to join Los Angeles. Los Angeles created the first municipal zoning ordinance in the United States. On September 14, 1908, the Los Angeles City Council promulgated residential and industrial land use zones. The new ordinance established three residential zones of
8614-555: The cover of Rolling Stone magazine in May 1974. Ethan Browne has worked as a model and had small parts in two movies, Raising Helen and Hackers . Jackson Browne and Phyllis Major married in late 1975. Major died by suicide by consuming an overdose of barbiturates a few months later, in March 1976, at the age of 30. In January 1981 Browne married Australian model Lynne Sweeney. Their son, Ryan Browne, born on January 28, 1982, has been
8732-748: The date "Jackson Browne Day" in the city of Santa Cruz to honor Browne's social, environmental and antiplastic activism, and as a founding member of Plastic Pollution and an initiator of the REFUSE Disposable Plastics Campaign. Browne also attended the TEDx Great Pacific Garbage Patch conference, performing a new song, "If I Could Be Anywhere", which laments mankind's destruction of the earth and giving hope to activism. Browne performed live and recorded The Beatles song medley " Golden Slumbers / Carry That Weight " in 1991 with Jennifer Warnes for
8850-477: The demise of the city's privately owned electrified rail system , once the world's largest. As a consequence of World War II, suburban growth, and population density, many amusement parks were built and operated in this area. An example is Beverly Park , which was located at the corner of Beverly Boulevard and La Cienega before being closed and substituted by the Beverly Center . In the second half of
8968-617: The difference between the average daily low and the average daily high is over 30 °F (17 °C). The average annual temperature of the sea is 63 °F (17 °C), from 58 °F (14 °C) in January to 68 °F (20 °C) in August. Hours of sunshine total more than 3,000 per year, from an average of 7 hours of sunshine per day in December to an average of 12 in July. Due to
9086-480: The dinosaur age." The Daily Telegraph editor Martin Chilton responded with a list of 100 best songwriters neglected by Rolling Stone , including Cole Porter , Townes Van Zandt , Ewan MacColl , Kate Bush , and Ray Charles . Jacqueline Cutler from New York Daily News agreed with the magazine for ranking Bob Dylan as the top songwriter. Jon Bream from Minnesota -based newspaper Star Tribune praised
9204-664: The film American Music: OFF THE RECORD . It was directed by Benjamin Meade of Cosmic Cowboy studio in Fayetteville, Arkansas and produced by Frank Hicks,owner of Knuckleheads in Kansas City, Missouri . In September 2009, Browne joined artists including Fred Tackett ( Little Feat ), Inara George ( The Bird and the Bee ), and others in supporting orphans, foster and homeless children through Safety Harbor Kids Holiday Collection with
9322-407: The form of moderate rain showers, but sometimes as heavy rainfall during winter storms. Rainfall is usually higher in the hills and coastal slopes of the mountains because of orographic uplift. Summer days are usually rainless. Rarely, an incursion of moist air from the south or east can bring brief thunderstorms in late summer, especially to the mountains. The coast gets slightly less rainfall, while
9440-482: The historic district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street , the oldest part of Los Angeles. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, and the pueblo now existed within the new Mexican Republic . During Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles the regional capital of Alta California . By this time, the new republic introduced more secularization acts within
9558-459: The inclusion of songwriters from Minnesota and said that Dylan as a number-one songwriter is not surprising. Lori Melton from ticketing company AXS wrote that the list "reads like an iconic student body in a songwriting master class" and complimented the inclusion of female songwriters Carole King, Joni Mitchell, Dolly Parton , Stevie Nicks , Madonna , Chrissie Hynde , Loretta Lynn , Lucinda Williams , and Björk , as well as Taylor Swift , who
9676-501: The industry kept the city insulated from much of the economic loss suffered by the rest of the country during the Great Depression . By 1930, the population surpassed one million. In 1932, the city hosted the Summer Olympics . During World War II Los Angeles was a major center of wartime manufacturing, such as shipbuilding and aircraft. Calship built hundreds of Liberty Ships and Victory Ships on Terminal Island, and
9794-521: The inland and mountain areas get considerably more. Years of average rainfall are rare. The usual pattern is a year-to-year variability, with a short string of dry years of 5–10 in (130–250 mm) rainfall, followed by one or two wet years with more than 20 in (510 mm). Wet years are usually associated with warm water El Niño conditions in the Pacific, dry years with cooler water La Niña episodes. A series of rainy days can bring floods to
9912-575: The largest U.S. city to have ever had a woman as mayor. Los Angeles will host the 2028 Summer Olympics and Paralympic Games , making Los Angeles the third city to host the Olympics three times. The city of Los Angeles covers a total area of 502.7 square miles (1,302 km ), comprising 468.7 square miles (1,214 km ) of land and 34.0 square miles (88 km ) of water. The city extends for 44 miles (71 km) from north to south and for 29 miles (47 km) from east to west. The perimeter of
10030-514: The longer name. The local English pronunciation of the name of the city has varied over time. A 1953 article in the journal of the American Name Society asserts that the pronunciation / l ɔː s ˈ æ n dʒ əl ə s / lawss AN -jəl-əs was established following the 1850 incorporation of the city and that since the 1880s the pronunciation / l oʊ s ˈ æ ŋ ɡ əl ə s / lohss ANG -gəl-əs emerged from
10148-490: The lowest is 28 °F (−2 °C), on January 4, 1949. Within the City of Los Angeles, the highest temperature ever officially recorded is 121 °F (49 °C), on September 6, 2020, at the weather station at Pierce College in the San Fernando Valley neighborhood of Woodland Hills . During autumn and winter, Santa Ana winds sometimes bring much warmer and drier conditions to Los Angeles, and raise wildfire risk. Owing to geography, heavy reliance on automobiles, and
10266-505: The lowlands and mudslides to the hills, especially after wildfires have denuded the slopes. Both freezing temperatures and snowfall are extremely rare in the city basin and along the coast, with the last occurrence of a 32 °F (0 °C) reading at the downtown station being January 29, 1979; freezing temperatures occur nearly every year in valley locations while the mountains within city limits typically receive snowfall every winter. The greatest snowfall recorded in downtown Los Angeles
10384-416: The magazine's staff. It predominantly features American and English songwriters of the rock era. The list received mixed response from fellow publications. Writing for Flavorwire , Judy Berman criticized the selection of the songwriters, saying "Predictably, it's over 70% white and features only nine solo female songwriters (five other women are included as part of mixed-gender writing teams). Classic rock
10502-546: The mountainous terrain of the surrounding region, the Los Angeles area contains a large number of distinct microclimates , causing extreme variations in temperature in close physical proximity to each other. For example, the average July maximum temperature at the Santa Monica Pier is 70 °F (21 °C) whereas it is 95 °F (35 °C) in Canoga Park, 15 miles (24 km) away. The city, like much of
10620-411: The nation's worst smog, and fourth in both short-term and year-round pollution amounts. Rolling Stone%27s 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time " The 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time " is a feature published by the American magazine Rolling Stone in August 2015. The list presented was compiled based on the magazine's music critics , and unlike previous lists the votes came entirely from
10738-510: The next several albums and concert tours, Browne started to work closely with The Section , a prolific session band which also worked with a number of other prominent singer-songwriters of the era. His second album, For Everyman , was released in 1973. His third album, Late for the Sky (1974), was his most successful to that point, peaking at number 14 on the Billboard 200 album chart. His fourth album, The Pretender (1976), continued
10856-514: The passage of early national environmental legislation, including the Clean Air Act . When the act was passed, California was unable to create a State Implementation Plan that would enable it to meet the new air quality standards, largely because of the level of pollution in Los Angeles generated by older vehicles. More recently, the state of California has led the nation in working to limit pollution by mandating low-emission vehicles . Smog
10974-406: The pattern of each album topping the previous by peaking at number 5 on the album chart, and included the hit singles " Here Come Those Tears Again " and " The Pretender ". Browne's 1977 album Running on Empty , however, is his signature work; it rose to number 3 on the album chart and remained there for over a year. Both live and a concept album , it explores in its songs the themes of life as
11092-729: The pilot episode of the sitcom Friends . In 1994 he collaborated with Kathy Mattea to contribute " Rock Me on the Water " to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Red Hot Organization . During 1995, he performed in The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True , a musical performance of the popular story at Lincoln Center to benefit the Children's Defense Fund . The performance
11210-486: The present site of Los Angeles on August 2, 1769. In 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel , the first mission in the area. On September 4, 1781, a group of 44 settlers known as " Los Pobladores " founded the pueblo (town) they called El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles , 'The Town of Our Lady the Queen of
11328-480: The proceeds going to help educate at-risk youth. In 2010, he recorded a version of " Waterloo Sunset " with Ray Davies for the latter's collaborations album, See My Friends . In January 2011, Browne won the 10th Annual Independent Music Awards in the Best Live Performance Album category for Love Is Strange: En Vivo Con Tino , performed by himself and David Lindley . Browne contributed
11446-508: The recording with older familiar songs. During 2003, he guest-starred as himself in The Simpsons episode " Brake My Wife, Please ", performing a parody of his song " Rosie " with lyrics altered to reference the plot involving Homer and Marge. In 2004, Browne was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Bruce Springsteen gave the induction speech, commenting to Browne that although
11564-571: The remainder of 1967 and also 1968 he was in Greenwich Village, where he backed Tim Buckley and singer Nico of the Velvet Underground . In 1967, Browne and Nico were romantically linked; he became a significant contributor to her debut album, Chelsea Girl , writing and playing guitar on several of the songs (including " These Days "). In 1968, following his breakup with Nico, Browne returned to Los Angeles, where he formed
11682-536: The rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and became part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood . The discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The city was further expanded with the completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, which delivers water from Eastern California . Los Angeles has
11800-563: The rest of the surrounding landscape. Most construction is done in separate units, rather than wall-to-wall . However, Downtown Los Angeles itself has many buildings over 30 stories, with fourteen over 50 stories, and two over 70 stories, the tallest of which is the Wilshire Grand Center . Los Angeles has a two-season semi-arid climate ( Köppen : BSh ) with dry summers and very mild winters, but it receives more annual precipitation than most semi-arid climates, narrowly missing
11918-588: The role of the Scarecrow in The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True , a 1995 musical performance for charity alongside Roger Daltrey , Natalie Cole , Nathan Lane , and other stars. The celebrity cast performed a reader's theatre and songs styled performance of the MGM film The Wizard of Oz at the Lincoln Center as a benefit for the Children's Defense Fund . VHS and CD recordings were released of
12036-464: The song "The Rebel Jesus" with the Chieftains , which appeared on their 1991 Christmas album The Bells of Dublin . In 1993, four years after his previous album, Browne returned with I'm Alive , a critically acclaimed album with a more personal style that did not have any successful singles but still sold respectably—indeed, the ninth track from the album, " Sky Blue and Black ", was used during
12154-433: The suicide of his first wife a decade prior. His string of hit albums came to an end at that point, as his next several albums failed to produce a gold or platinum RIAA rating. He released two compilation albums, The Next Voice You Hear: The Best of Jackson Browne in 1997, and The Very Best of Jackson Browne , released in conjunction with his Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction in 2004. His most recent studio album
12272-911: The unnecessary use of water in plastic bottles and takes steps to reduce usage on his tours. He is part of the movement "Plastic Free Backstage". In April 2008, the Surf Industry Manufacturers Association gave Browne the honor of "Environmentalist of the Year". Browne received the Duke LEAF Award for Lifetime Environmental Achievement in the Fine Arts in 2010 for his environmental activism and efforts to make his tours more "green". Save Our Shores (SOS), an ocean-advocacy group in California, honored Browne with their Ocean Hero Award on February 23, 2011. SOS and mayor of Santa Cruz, California , Ryan Coonerty , proclaimed
12390-408: The usual conventions for a live album, Browne used only new material and combined live concert performances with recordings made on buses, in hotel rooms, and backstage. Running on Empty contains some of his most popular songs, such as the title track , "Rosie", and " The Load-Out / Stay ", Browne's send-off to his concert audiences and tribute to his roadies. In spring of 1978, Browne appeared near
12508-552: The violin and guitar of David Lindley , Jai Winding's piano, and the harmonies of Rosemary Butler and Doug Haywood. The title track was also featured in Martin Scorsese 's film Taxi Driver . During this period, Browne began his fractious but lifelong professional relationship with singer-songwriter Warren Zevon , mentoring Zevon's first two Asylum albums through the studio as a producer (working closely with Waddy Wachtel and Jorge Calderón ). When touring in 1975, Browne
12626-635: The worst rush hour periods in the world, according to an annual traffic index by navigation system maker, TomTom . LA drivers spend an additional 92 hours in traffic each year. During the peak rush hour, there is 80% congestion, according to the index. Los Angeles is often characterized by the presence of low-rise buildings, in contrast to New York City. Outside of a few centers such as Downtown , Warner Center , Century City , Koreatown , Miracle Mile , Hollywood, and Westwood , skyscrapers and high-rise buildings are not common in Los Angeles. The few skyscrapers built outside of those areas often stand out above
12744-639: The year, with an average of only 35 days with measurable precipitation annually. Temperatures in the coastal basin exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on a dozen or so days in the year, from one day a month in April, May, June and November to three days a month in July, August, October and to five days in September. Temperatures in the San Fernando and San Gabriel Valleys are considerably warmer. Temperatures are subject to substantial daily swings; in inland areas
12862-502: Was 2.0 inches (5 cm) on January 15, 1932. While the most recent snowfall occurred in February 2019, the first snowfall since 1962, with snow falling in areas adjacent to Los Angeles as recently as January 2021. Brief, localized instances of hail can occur on rare occasions, but are more common than snowfall. At the official downtown station, the highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) on September 27, 2010, while
12980-462: Was a huge success with many Browne fans, although not with mainstream audiences. The title track, " Lives in the Balance ", with its Andean pan pipes —and lines like, "There's a shadow on the faces / Of the men who fan the flames / Of the wars that are fought in places / Where we can't even say the names"—was an outcry against U.S.-backed wars in Nicaragua , El Salvador , and Guatemala . The song
13098-537: Was accompanied by his wife Phyllis and one-year-old son Ethan. Browne also added keyboardist Wayne Cook to the tour. They toured in a converted Greyhound bus. In the autumn of 1975, Browne performed shows with the Eagles , Linda Ronstadt , and Toots and the Maytals . Browne's character was even more apparent in his next album, The Pretender . It was released during 1976, after the suicide of his first wife, Phyllis Major, and features production by Jon Landau and
13216-435: Was discovered in the city and surrounding area in 1892, and by 1923, the discoveries had helped California become the country's largest oil producer, accounting for about one-quarter of the world's petroleum output. By 1900, the population had grown to more than 102,000, putting pressure on the city's water supply . The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, under the supervision of William Mulholland , ensured
13334-532: Was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2007 in the category of Best Contemporary Folk/Americana Album. A live follow-up album, Solo Acoustic, Vol. 2 , was released on March 4, 2008. Browne is part of the No Nukes group which is against the expansion of nuclear power . During 2007, the group recorded a music video of a new version of the Buffalo Springfield song " For What It's Worth ". Browne made
13452-515: Was not". The settlement of Indigenous Californians in the modern Los Angeles Basin and the San Fernando Valley was dominated by the Tongva (now also known as the Gabrieleño since the era of Spanish colonization). The historic center of Tongva power in the region was the settlement of Yaanga ( Tongva : Iyáangẚ ), meaning "place of the poison oak ", which would one day be the site where
13570-483: Was originally broadcast on Turner Network Television, and issued on CD and video in 1996. He sang a duet with Jann Arden , "Unloved", on her 1995 album Living Under June . Browne's own album, Looking East (1996), was released soon after, but was not as successful commercially. Browne released his first album in six years, The Naked Ride Home in 2002, with a performance on Austin City Limits , featuring
13688-600: Was originally inhabited by the indigenous Tongva people and later claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542. The city was founded on September 4, 1781, under Spanish governor Felipe de Neve , on the village of Yaanga . It became a part of the First Mexican Empire in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War , Los Angeles and
13806-651: Was stationed for his job assignment with the Stars and Stripes newspaper. Browne's mother, Beatrice Amanda (née Dahl), was from Minnesota of Norwegian ancestry. Browne has three siblings: Roberta "Berbie" Browne, born in 1946 in Nuremberg , Germany; Edward Severin Browne, born in 1949 in Frankfurt , Germany; and his younger sister, Gracie Browne, born a number of years later. At the age of three, Browne and his family moved to his grandfather's house, Abbey San Encino which
13924-508: Was used at several points in the award-winning 1987 PBS documentary, The Secret Government: The Constitution in Crisis, by journalist Bill Moyers , and was part of the soundtrack of Stone's War , a 1986 Miami Vice episode focusing on American involvement in Central America. During the 1980s, Browne performed frequently at benefit concerts for causes he supported, including Farm Aid , Amnesty International (making several appearances on
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