Misplaced Pages

#841158

62-486: The history of the Institution dates from the year 1854, when Nathaniel Bingham, who was more or less of an invalid and who became interested in the growing water cure therapy, introduced from Germany, thought it would be a good idea to have a water cure option at Dansville. These Institutions were starting up all through the U.S. and were attracting a great deal of attention. The spring on the east hillside, then known as

124-1012: A combination cabinet machine made by the Kidder Company of New York, and portable batterires. A Waite & Bartlett machine was added to the Static electricity room, which, with a Ramsey charger attached, was to fortify it against atmospheric influence. The gynecological department used a large McIntosh battery. In the new company combination, Dr. William E. Leffingwell was business manager, while Dr. James H. Jackson, Dr. Kate J. Jackson, Dr. Elisha D. Leffingwell and Dr. Albert Leffingwell were managing physicians. In 1886, William E. Leffingwell sold his interest to his brothers; in 1887 Dr. E. D. Leffingwell sold his interest to Dr. Albert Leffingwell; and in 1888, Dr. Albert Leffingwell sold his interest to Dr. James H. Jackson who associated with himself as trustees and managers, Dr. Walter E. Gregory , and Mrs. Helen D. Gregory, his wife. Dr. Gregory had been for years

186-539: A hotel and health resort in the latter part of 1924. Richmond, New York Richmond is a town in Ontario County , New York , United States. The population was 3,380 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Abigail Richmond Pitts, an early settler. The town of Richmond is on the western border of the county, south of Rochester . Richmond was part of the Phelps and Gorham Purchase . The area

248-718: A lack of popular support; consequently, it was dissolved by the British in 1963, with nine provinces eventually becoming independent sovereign states and four becoming current British Overseas Territories . "West Indies" or "West India" was a part of the names of several companies of the 17th and 18th centuries, including the Danish West India Company , the Dutch West India Company , the French West India Company , and

310-435: A physician and business manager in association with his father and Dr. and Mrs. Gregory in that year, his father retiring practically from the details of the business management. Dr. James Caleb Jackson died in 1895. The Jacksons issued the initial Year Book in 1897, covering the sanatorium's history of ihe previous year. The resident family hoped through it to gain a personal relationship with many who had at some time within

372-482: A resident of Richmond, Ontario County, New York , who had a son-in-law (Dr. Stevens) who was anxious to establish in the Water Cure practice. Stevens opened the Institution but carried it on for only a short time. The building was closed then for a year when a Dr. Blackall, a physician of New York City , assumed charge and carried the Water Cure on for some time. Not achieving the success he had desired, he forsook

434-561: A slow decline of farming in the watershed, accelerated by the Great Depression from 1929 to 1943 and a gradual re-establishment of the area’s forests. Changes in the character of the Town of Richmond and Honeoye Lake Watershed over the past half century have been significant. The growth in the use of private automobiles and the construction of good roads in the 1920s and 1930s added to the desirability of Honeoye lakefront cottages. By

496-717: A superintendent in the Institution and had graduated in medicine. Mrs. Gregory had been cashier of the Institution from 1882, and Dr. James H. Jackson associated them in the enterprise when the Leffingwells sold their interest. In the year 1890, the old stock company, known as Our Home Hygienic Institute of Dansville, New York, was sold to a new corporation known as The Jackson Sanatorium, and Dr. James Arthur Jackson (b. 1868), son of Dr. James H. Jackson and Dr. Kate J. Jackson, became an owner. Mrs. Gregory retired from ownership, but retained her office as cashier and treasurer. James Arthur Jackson graduated in medicine in 1895 and became

558-869: Is a volcanic island arc rising along the leading edge of the Caribbean Plate due to the subduction of the Atlantic seafloor of the North American and South American plates . Major islands of the Lesser Antilles likely emerged less than 20 Ma, during the Miocene . The volcanic activity that formed these islands began in the Paleogene, after a period of volcanism in the Greater Antilles ended, and continues today. The main arc of

620-583: Is elected to serve a four-year term, with the exception of the town supervisor who serves a two-year term. 42°48′N 77°32′W  /  42.800°N 77.533°W  / 42.800; -77.533 West Indies The West Indies is a subregion of North America , surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea , which comprises 13 independent island countries and 19 dependencies in three archipelagos :

682-716: Is estimated that nearly 70% of Cuba consists of karst limestone . The Blue Mountains of Jamaica are a granite outcrop rising over 2,000 meters (6000'), while the rest of the island to the west consists mainly of karst limestone. Much of Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands were formed by the collision of the Caribbean Plate with the North American Plate and consist of 12 island arc terranes . These terranes consist of oceanic crust , volcanic and plutonic rock . The Lesser Antilles

SECTION 10

#1732793898842

744-694: Is geologically the oldest of the three archipelagos and includes both the largest islands ( Cuba , Jamaica , Hispaniola , and Puerto Rico ) and the tallest mountains ( Pico Duarte , Blue Mountain , Pic la Selle , Pico Turquino ) in the Caribbean. The islands of the Greater Antilles are composed of strata of different geological ages including Precambrian fragmented remains of the North American Plate (older than 539 million years), Jurassic aged limestone (201.3-145 million years ago), as well as island arc deposits and oceanic crust from

806-462: Is land and 1.9 square miles (4.9 km ) (4.29%) is water. The western town line is the border of Livingston County . Most of Honeoye Lake , one of the minor Finger Lakes , is inside the town. Honeoye Creek , the lake's outlet, flows northward through the town. US 20A crosses the town. As of the US Census of 2010, Richmond has 3,361 people, 1,421 households, and 968 families residing in

868-779: The Achaemenid Empire ), and ultimately its cognate , the Sanskrit Sindhu , or "river", specifically the Indus River and its well-settled southern basin. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi ( Ἰνδοί ), which translates as "The people of the Indus". In 1492, Christopher Columbus and his Spanish fleet left Spain seeking a western sea passage to the Eastern world , hoping to profit from

930-1120: The Americas . The Indies from both regions were further distinguished depending on the European world power to which they belong. In the East Indies , there were the Spanish East Indies and the Dutch East Indies . In the West Indies, the Spanish West Indies , the Dutch West Indies , the French West Indies , the British West Indies , and the Danish West Indies . The term was used to name

992-655: The Atlantic island nation of Bermuda , all of which are geographically distinct from the three main island groups, but culturally related. The English term Indie is derived from the Classical Latin India , a reference to the territories in South Asia adjacent and east to the Indus River . India itself derived successively from Hellenistic Greek India ( Ἰνδία ), ancient Greek Indos ( Ἰνδός ), Old Persian Hindush (an eastern province of

1054-581: The Caribbean Sea , attacking Spanish and Portuguese shipping and coastal areas. They often took refuge and refitted their ships in the areas the Spanish could not conquer, including the islands of the Lesser Antilles, the northern coast of South America, including the mouth of the Orinoco , and the Atlantic Coast of Central America. In the Lesser Antilles, they managed to establish a foothold following

1116-741: The Cretaceous (145-66 million years ago). The Greater Antilles originated near the Isthmian region of present-day Central America in the Late Cretaceous (commonly referred to as the Proto-Antilles), then drifted eastward arriving in their current location when colliding with the Bahama Platform of the North American Plate ca. 56 million years ago in the late Paleocene . This collision caused subduction and volcanism in

1178-453: The Florida peninsula of North America south-southeast to the northern coast of Venezuela . These islands include active volcanoes , low-lying atolls , raised limestone islands, and large fragments of continental crust containing tall mountains and insular rivers. Each of the three archipelagos of the West Indies has a unique origin and geologic composition. The Greater Antilles

1240-838: The Greater Antilles , the Lesser Antilles , and the Lucayan Archipelago . The subregion includes all the islands in the Antilles , in addition to The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands , which are in the North Atlantic Ocean . The term is often interchangeable with "Caribbean", although the latter may also include coastal regions of Central and South American mainland nations, including Mexico , Belize , Honduras , Panama , Colombia , Venezuela , French Guiana , Guyana , and Suriname , as well as

1302-840: The Spanish Council of the Indies , the British East India Company , the Dutch East India and West India companies, the French East India Company , and the Danish East India Company . Many cultures were indigenous to these islands, with evidence dating some of them back to the mid-6th millennium BCE. In the late 16th century, French, English and Dutch merchants and privateers began operations in

SECTION 20

#1732793898842

1364-618: The Swedish West India Company . West Indian is the official term used by the U.S. government to refer to people of the West Indies. The term survives today mainly through the West Indies cricket team , representing all of the nations in the West Indian islands. The West Indies are a geologically complex island system consisting of 7,000 islands and islets stretching over 3,000 km (2000 miles) from

1426-1010: The Treaty of the Danish West Indies . The Danish West Indies became an insular area of the U.S., called the United States Virgin Islands . Between 1958 and 1962, the United Kingdom re-organised all their West Indies island territories (except the British Virgin Islands and the Bahamas ) into the West Indies Federation . They hoped that the Federation would coalesce into a single, independent nation. The Federation had limited powers, numerous practical problems, and

1488-418: The West Indies . James H. Jackson graduated as a physician in 1876 but continued always to be the Institution's business manager. His wife, Kate Johnson Jackson, graduated as a physician in 1877. On the evening of June 26, 1882, the main building burned. The cottages and Liberty Hall were unharmed. At the time, Dr. James Caleb Jackson, being 71 years of age, had practically retired from personal management of

1550-714: The Western Caribbean Zone in place in the early-18th century. In the Miskito Kingdom, the rise to power of the Miskito-Zambos , who originated in the survivors of a rebellion aboard a slave ship in the 1640s and the introduction of enslaved Africans by British settlers within the Miskito area and in Belize, also transformed this area into one with a high percentage of persons of African descent as

1612-471: The "All-Healing Spring", which burst out one night in the 1800s, carrying away rocks and trees and earth, was thought to possess curative qualities of value. Bingham associated with himself Lyman Granger, and the Institution was completed in its first form and ready for occupancy in 1853. In the meantime, Bingham's health continued to fail; Granger thought he would withdraw also from the enterprise so they both sold their interests to Abraham Pennell, at that time

1674-488: The Honeoye Lake Watershed was—apart from clearings made by Native Americans and natural causes such as fire, steep slope landslides, wind or ice—completely forested. The watershed’s primeval forest contained massive trees, some covering as much as a half-acre of ground. Early settlers found these forests useful. Probably the first product to be transported to market was barrels of potash, made from ashes of

1736-528: The Institution was started was US$ 750 , the partners being equally interested. The first business organization, established in October 1858, was known as "F. Wilson Hurd & Co." with Giles E. Jackson as the business manager. Other Jackson family members who were also involved included Dr. Jackson's wife, Lucretia Edgerton (Brewster) Jackson ("Mother Jackson") and Dr. Jackson's youngest son, James H. Jackson . The Institution grew and thrived greatly, so that by

1798-562: The Institution with Dr. James H. Jackson and Dr. Kate Johnson Jackson as the practical heads of the Institution. After the fire, however, a new business combination was created. Dr. James H. Jackson bought in the outside stock until he became the owner of the whole 800 shares. He then disposed of 30 shares of the same to his three cousins. Dr. E. D. Leffingwell, Dr. Albert Leffingwell and William E. Leffingwell, these gentlemen being sons of Dr. James Caleb Jack.son's only sister, Jane E. Lefifingwell. They were all well educated and talented men and it

1860-476: The Lesser Antilles runs north from the coast of Venezuela to the Anegada Passage , a strait separating them from the Greater Antilles, and includes 19 active volcanoes. The Lucayan Archipelago includes The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands , a chain of barrier reefs and low islands atop the Bahama Platform. The Bahama Platform is a carbonate block formed of marine sediments and fixed to

1922-502: The North American Plate. The emergent islands of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos likely formed from accumulated deposits of wind-blown sediments during Pleistocene glacial periods of lower sea level. N.B.: Territories in italics are parts of transregional sovereign states or non-sovereign dependencies. These three Dutch Caribbean territories form the BES islands . Physiographically , these are continental islands not part of

Jackson Sanatorium - Misplaced Pages Continue

1984-791: The Proto-Antillean area and likely resulted in continental uplift of the Bahama Platform and changes in sea level. The Greater Antilles have continuously been exposed since the start of the Paleocene or at least since the Middle Eocene (66-40 million years ago), but which areas were above sea level throughout the history of the islands remains unresolved. The oldest rocks in the Greater Antilles are located in Cuba. They consist of metamorphosed graywacke , argillite , tuff , mafic igneous extrusive flows, and carbonate rock . It

2046-673: The Winter Carnival was discontinued due to lack of tourist infrastructure. Recent studies by the Ontario County Tourism Bureau have documented the major economic benefits of special festivals and occasions to Ontario County communities. The summer population has been estimated at 4,500. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 44.3 square miles (115 km ), of which 42.4 square miles (110 km )

2108-569: The burned trees. As sawmills were erected, lumber from the trees cut from 1830 to 1890 were used in the construction of urban centers such as Rochester, Buffalo, and Syracuse. Efforts to bring logs down from the inaccessible area between East Lake Road and Gulick led to the construction of a rail line in the bottom of Briggs Gully. In 1885, maximum deforestation and agricultural land use arrived in New York State, often on lands that would not support these practices. Since 1885, there has been

2170-424: The business manager. James H. Jackson married Katharine Johnson in 1864, and two years later, Katharine's father, Hon. Emerson Johnson, came to live at Jackson Sanatorium and was an important factor in the business aftairs of the Institution from that time until his death in 1896. Dr. Hurd sold his interest in 1868 to the other partners and the new partnership was entitled Austin, Jackson & Co. Under this title,

2232-418: The business was carried on until 1872, when a stock company was organized with a capital of US$ 100,000 , of which only 800 shares were issued. In the meantime, 10 or 12 cottages were built around the Institution and it grew to proportions enabling it to accommodate 300 people. It had a national reputation by this time, with guests from every state and territory of the U.S. at that time, and others from Canada and

2294-529: The character of the spring and the possibilities for the future, that he entered into an arrangement to lease the property for three years, with the privilege of buying at a stipulated sum within that period. On October 1, 1858, Jackson and his group of assistants arrived in Dansville and were landed by Captain Henry, who then was the proprietor of the stage line between Wayland, New York and Dansville. Jackson

2356-545: The colonisation of Saint Kitts in 1624 and Barbados in 1626, and when the Sugar Revolution took off in the mid-17th century, they brought in thousands of enslaved Africans to work the fields and mills as labourers. These enslaved Africans wrought a demographic revolution, replacing or joining with either the indigenous Caribs or the European settlers who were there as indentured servants . The struggle between

2418-400: The enterprise and nothing more was done until the year 1858 when Dr. James Caleb Jackson , who had been physician in a similar Institution in Glen Haven, Cayuga County, New York , came to look over the property. He had been induced to do so by Pennell in the hope that he might, by reason of his extensive acquaintance with Water Cure people, find someone to purchase the same, was so attracted by

2480-450: The fire-proof main building, completed October 1, 1883. The new building was built by Frederich & Son of Rochester, New York , contractors. The architects were Messrs. Warner & Brockett, who designed the Powers Block and Powers Hotel in Rochester. The foundations were laid to grade by the Sanatorium organization. The name of the Institution was changed from "Our Home on the Hillside" to "The Sanatorium", Dr. James H. Jackson being

2542-434: The first one in the U.S. to use the word "Sanatorium" as applied to a health institution. This building was the first fire-proof structure ever built in the U.S., outside of a city, for purposes of a health institution. The main building, when the steam heating and plumbing were completed, had cost US$ 180,000 , so that with its furnishings, it was a heavy financial investment with debt upon it of US$ 200,000 . This amount, with

Jackson Sanatorium - Misplaced Pages Continue

2604-568: The insurance money and the capital put in it by the Leffingwells, represented the practical cost of the Institution when it was ready to do business in October 1883. The thermo-electric bath was perhaps the most popular hydro-therapeutic measure enjoyed by the sanatorium's patients and guests. The women's electric department came equipped with a stationary Fitch battery, portable Kidder Faradic, and Baltimore dry-cell galvanic batteries, with Williams current controlled, and fitted for every form of electrical treatment or bath. The men's department included

2666-503: The land which was connected with the Institution was bought from time to time of Perine. The death of Giles E. Jackson of consumption in 1864, compelled a dissolution of the partnership, and his mother, Lucretia E. Jackson, and his younger brother, James H. Jackson, inherited his share. A new co-partnership was made under the firm name of Austin, Hurd & Co., Dr. Austin owning one-third, Dr. Hurd one-third, and Lucretia E. and James H. Jackson, owning one-sixth each. James H. Jackson became

2728-410: The lucrative spice trade emanating from Hindustan , Indochina , and Insulindia , the regions currently found within the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia , which were first simply referred to by Spanish and Portuguese explorers as the Indias (Indies) . Thinking he had landed on the easternmost part of the Indies in the Eastern world when he came upon the New World , Columbus used

2790-406: The medical profession at that time, but also mental and spiritual forces for regaining and preserving health. They believed in the healthful influence of "right mental habits", in the "potency of good thinking", and that the power of faith, hope and love as being the most natural, practical and efficient way for therapeutic purposes. About 1916, the institution passed into the hands of a receiver and

2852-430: The mid-twentieth century, undeveloped lake frontage had mostly disappeared and summer cottages filled the shoreline. The years after World War II also signaled the end of agriculture as a principal use of the watershed land and the rapid residential development in the hills of Richmond and Canadice overlooking the lake. The reduction of agriculture resulted in the natural re-forestation of inactive agricultural lands, which

2914-407: The next year and a half, fully 150 being accommodated at one time. The hospital was closed at the expiration of this period and for three years the property remained vacant. In 1924, announcement was made that the place had been bought by W. F. Goodale, of Buffalo, New York and a group of physicians of that city. Extensive improvements were made at the institution and it was opened to the public as

2976-410: The northern Europeans and the Spanish spread southward in the mid to late seventeenth century, as English, Dutch, French and Spanish colonists, and in many cases, enslaved Africans first entered and then occupied the coast of The Guianas (which fell to the French, English and Dutch) and the Orinoco valley, which fell to the Spanish. The Dutch, allied with the Caribs of the Orinoco, would eventually carry

3038-464: The previous forty years visited the institution. Hundreds among these were also subscribers to their health journal, The Laws of Life , which was discontinued some years later. In the Year Book, the Jacksons held that the way to health and highest being of body and mind was to be found by "living in obedience to the divine laws of life". This included diet, exercise, rest, baths, electricity and other therapeutic forms of treatment recognized and employed by

3100-432: The struggles deep into South America, first along the Orinoco and then along the northern reaches of the Amazon . Since no European country had occupied much of Central America, gradually, the English of Jamaica established alliances with the Miskito Kingdom of modern-day Nicaragua and Honduras and then began logging on the coast of modern-day Belize . These interconnected commercial and diplomatic relations comprised

3162-436: The term Indias to refer to the Americas , calling its native people Indios (Indians) . To avoid confusion between the known Indies of the Eastern Hemisphere and the newly discovered Indies of the Western Hemisphere , the Spanish named the territories in the East Indias Orientales (East Indies) and the territories in the West Indias Occidentales (West Indies) . Originally, the term West Indies applied to all of

SECTION 50

#1732793898842

3224-468: The time the winter of 1858 set in Dr. Jackson had 50 patients under his care. Every year saw large improvement made to the Institution. Liberty Hall was built in 1864, being planned and its construction supervised by Giles E. Jackson. It was built by Alonzo Phillips, of Dansville, as the contractor. The original plot of land on which the building was erected or connected with the same, was bought of Peter Perine and consisted of 13 acres (5.3 ha). Nearly all

3286-544: The town. There were 1,956 housing units. The racial makeup of the town was 98.19% White, 0.2% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.6% Asian, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population. There were 1,421 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56% were married couples living together, 8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.9% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size

3348-457: The volcanic Windward Islands arc. Based on proximity, these islands are sometimes grouped with the Windward Islands culturally and politically. Disputed territories administered by Colombia . The United Nations geoscheme includes Mexico in Central America . These three form the SSS islands that with the ABC islands comprise the Dutch Caribbean , of which the BES islands are not direct Kingdom constituents but subsumed with

3410-408: Was $ 27,887. Richmond operates under a typical New York State municipal government. It has a legislative branch of five town council members, one being the town supervisor, and a judicial branch consisting of two justices. The center of all town government functions is at the Richmond town hall. The town hall is located on 8690 Main St. (US Route 20A) in the hamlet of Honeoye. Each town council member

3472-406: Was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.81. In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 19, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 20.3% from 25 to 44, 38.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.3 years. The median income for a household in the town was $ 54,426, and the median income for a family was $ 62,039. The per capita income for the town

3534-496: Was beneficial in reducing erosion. However, increased residential development resulted in the loss of native vegetation and an increase in impermeable surfaces. These historical changes in the watershed have impacted the watershed character and the water quality— both for better and worse. In 1962, the Honeoye Chamber of Commerce organized a first Winter Carnival. The event became so popular that in 1971 over 50,000 visitors arrived—tying up traffic for miles. After considerable success,

3596-498: Was first settled around 1790. The town was established in 1796 as "Pittstown", after Captain Peter Pitts, and was renamed "Honeoye" in 1808. In 1815, the name was changed to "Richmond", after Peter Pitts' wife, Abigail Richmond Pitts, regarded as the town's "founding mother." More territory was added to Richmond from the Town of Canadice in 1836. Parts of the Towns of Bristol and South Bristol were added to Richmond in 1848, but were returned to their previous towns in 1852. In 1600

3658-403: Was found in most of the rest of the Caribbean. From the 17th through the 19th century, the European colonial territories of the West Indies were the French West Indies , British West Indies , the Danish West Indies , the Netherlands Antilles (Dutch West Indies), and the Spanish West Indies . In 1916, Denmark sold the Danish West Indies to the United States for US$ 25 million in gold, per

3720-458: Was later sold to Dr. Leffingwell, who operated it for some time. On January 1, 1918, during World War I , the Institution was leased by the government and designated as U.S. Army General Hospital No. 13. The hospital specialized in the treatment of psychoneuroses, and it began receiving patients in November 1918. The U.S. Public Health Service took over the hospital in April 1919. War veterans suffering from nervous disorders were treated here for

3782-409: Was not a man of capital, but a man of ideas and great force of character. He had a large clientage by reason of his success as a Water Cure physician during the time he had practiced at Glen Haven. His eldest son, Giles E. Jackson, his adopted daughter, Dr. Harriet Newell Austin , and a good friend, F. Wilson Hurd, who afterwards became a physician, were the original proprietors. The capital with which

SECTION 60

#1732793898842

3844-424: Was thought that this combination would prove a very strong one, as indeed it did. These gentlemen furnished US$ 20,000 worth of added capital, making the sum total of the issued shares US$ 100,000 . US$ 100,000 of cash was borrowed on first mortgage and Dr. James H. Jackson, putting all the property left after the Fire and the insurance money and much of his private means into the enterprise, made it possible to build

#841158