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28-758: Jagodnjak is an underdeveloped municipality which is statistically classified as the First Category Area of Special State Concern by the Government of Croatia . Jagodnjak name is derived from the Slavic word "jagoda" ("strawberry" in English), "jagodnjak" = "strawberry bed(s)/plot(s)/patch(es)/garden". In other languages, the village in German is known as Katschfeld and in Hungarian as Kácsfalu and

56-580: A long border with the Republic of Serbia . It was also economically and socially dependent and politically much more closely aligned with authorities in Belgrade and Novi Sad than Krajina. This led the international community to believe that Croatian intervention in Eastern Slavonia would trigger a military reaction from Yugoslavia and result in an escalation of hostilities. At the same time,

84-781: A separate unit called the Municipality of Bolman. Until the end of World War II, the inhabitants were Danube Swabians . The former German settlers were expelled to Germany and Austria in 1945-1948, following the Potsdam Agreement . During the final stage of the World War II in March 1945 the village of Bolman was the spot of the Battle of Bolman in which Yugoslav Partisans (primarily multi-ethnic units from Vojvodina ) and Red Army fought against Nazis . The monument to

112-517: Is allegedly target of intentional desecration with illegal waste disposal. Modern day Municipality of Jagodnjak was established in 1998 with the support of the United Nations representatives in the final stage of the UNTAES transitional administration over the region of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia . It was created in order to ensure adequate Serb local self-government through

140-635: Is the Act on Areas of Special State Concern which belongs to the group of the four regional acts, though are mostly implemented at local and municipal level. The Act was enacted in 1996 which brought flexibility with municipalities and settlements entering or leaving the ASSC depending on their indicators. In 2002 the Act went through a major amendment that divided the ASSC into three major categories. A new law with improved measures for demographic renewal and tax benefits

168-476: Is written as Јагодњак in Serbian Cyrillic . Today's Jagodnjak settlement also includes hamlets that mostly no longer exist: Bajmok, Bikaš, Brešće, Brod, Brod-Pustara, Čemin, Deonice, Grablje, Karaš, Mali Jagodnjak, Milina, Pjeskovi, Projina Međa, Rit, Staro Selo, Šakarine, Trbićeva Ada i Zornice. The municipality of Jagodnjak includes the following settlements: Colonist settlement of Majške Međe

196-789: The Joint Council of Municipalities , inter-municipal sui generis organization of ethnic Serb community in eastern Croatia established on the basis of Erdut Agreement . As Serb community constitute majority of the population of the municipality it is represented by 2 delegated Councillors at the Assembly of the Joint Council of Municipalities, double the number of Councilors to the number from Serb minority municipalities in Eastern Croatia. Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for

224-493: The refugee return. It was named after Erdut , the village in which it was signed by local Serb representatives. The signers were Hrvoje Šarinić , the former prime minister of Croatia , and Milan Milanović, a local Serb politician representing the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK) under instructions from the authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . The witnesses were Peter Galbraith ,

252-845: The US ambassador Peter Galbraith to model this autonomy proposal on recently suspended precedent of the Autonomous District of Glina and Knin from the Constitutional Act on National and Ethnic Communities or Minorities , this proposal was rejected by Croatian Government which preferred military solution over territorial autonomy. This convinced international community to focus on the models of non-territorial national personal autonomy , minority rights and inter-municipal cooperation . The refusal to include any territorial autonomy provisions strengthened demands for human rights provisions. United Nations Transitional Administration

280-482: The agreement served as a cornerstone for the establishment of contemporary Serb minority institutions not only in the region but the rest of Croatia as well. It explicitly provided the basis for the establishment of the regional Serb institution of the Joint Council of Municipalities . In 1995 mini Contact Group of foreign ambassadors in Zagreb drafted a comprehensive proposal to Croatian President Franjo Tuđman and

308-755: The ambassador of the United States to Croatia at the time, and Thorvald Stoltenberg , the United Nations intermediary. The territory of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium had previously been controlled by the RSK, and before that by the SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia . The agreement was acknowledged by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1023 , and it paved

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336-565: The battle was constructed in 1951 and in 1971 it was protected as a registered cultural heritage site. After the integration of the region under the central government rule in the late 1990s the monument to the battle was devastated in 1999 and 2000. The municipality initiated reconstruction efforts in 2002 and the work was not completed until 2013 when the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Croatia provided funds for this purpose. The monument

364-487: The creation of municipalities in Eastern Slavonia in which the group constitute ethnic majority. Today Jagodnjak is only municipality in Croatian part of Baranya with an ethnic Serb majority. Together with other municipalities with Serb majority in Eastern Croatia it constitutes the Joint Council of Municipalities. There are 2,537 inhabitants in the municipality (2001 census), including: [1] Before World War II there

392-429: The draft proposal which subsequently led to Operation Flash and Operation Storm and complete military defeat of Krajina resulting in over 200,000 Croatian Serb refugees who left their homes. Rump and geographically separated territory of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (commonly known as Eastern Slavonia) remained the only part of Croatia under Serb control. Contrary to Krajina, Eastern Slavonia shared

420-720: The leaders of the Republic of Serbian Krajina in Knin aimed at peaceful resolution of the Croatian War of Independence . The proposal was known as the Z-4 Plan and it proposed reintegration of Krajina to Croatian constitutional framework on the basis of a new Constitutional Agreement which defined Krajina as an autonomous region of Croatia. The plan did not envisage special autonomy for Eastern Slavonia but rather two years long transitional period. Krajina leaders in Knin refused to receive

448-871: The local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Hungarians , Roma and Serbs of Croatia each fulfilled legal requirements to elect 10 members municipal minority councils of the Jagodnjak Municipality. 45°42′N 18°35′E  /  45.700°N 18.583°E  / 45.700; 18.583 Areas of Special State Concern (Croatia) Areas of Special State Concern or ASSC ( Croatian : Područja od posebne državne skrbi, PPDS ) in Croatia are areas of relative underdevelopment compared to

476-795: The military defeat at Krajina and signing of the Washington Agreement opened the space to resolve the armed conflict in Bosnia which the US Administration wanted to use as political ammunition before the 1996 United States presidential election . Croatia conditioned its participation at the Dayton Peace Conference on the resolution of conflict in Eastern Slavonia, while international community insisted on avoidance of any new major escalation of Yugoslav crisis. This created conditions in which peaceful resolution

504-558: The other communities in the region. The agreement itself and subsequent developments and commitments during the UNTAES mandate represent the basis on which numerous minority institutions operate today. Establishment of the Joint Council of Municipalities , with a Serbian majority population was one of explicit rights granted to the Serb community. Other institutions such as Serb National Council and weekly magazine Novosti were established at

532-415: The peaceful resolution to the Croatian War of Independence in eastern Croatia. It effectively ended the ethno-nationalist conflict in the region and initiated the process of peaceful reintegration of the region to central government control of Croatia. The reintegration was directly implemented by the United Nations . The agreement provided a set of guarantees on human and minority rights as well as on

560-717: The rest of the country in which Croatian Government implements certain policies aimed at achieving balanced regional development . In addition to challenges faced by many other non-urban communities in Croatia, the ASSC areas face specific challenges which are a result of the 1991–1995 Croatian War of Independence , and include the return and reintegration of war refugees , lack of entrepreneurial capacity and support for business, destroyed or inadequate infrastructure, land under land-mines and insufficient social reintegration . The Areas are subdivided into three categories: The Act's general provisions determine that only up to 15% of

588-616: The same time, while some, such as Radio Borovo , were registered in accordance with Croatian laws. Agreement requires respect of the highest levels of internationally recognized human rights and fundamental freedoms. In February 2020, the Erdut Agreement was quoted as a precedent for and a comparable case by Ukrainian diplomats for implementation of the Minsk II measures agreed upon in the Minsk Protocol intended to halt

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616-578: The total population of Croatia may live in the areas which are determined as the ASSC. 170 units of local government in Croatia or some of their settlements are part of the ASSC and in 2001 679,657 inhabitants lived on their territory (15.3% of the total population), with 217,876 in the First, 264,031 in the Second and 197,750 in the Third Category. The legal foundation for the government's activities

644-495: The way to the establishment of the United Nations Transitional Authority for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium . Contrary to most of the other missions, UNTAES was modelled as the supreme governing authority in the region creating one of only a couple of United Nations protectorates in the history. While ensuring full reintegration of the region without territorial autonomy clauses,

672-594: Was a substantial Danube Swabian minority here but they were all expelled by the Communist regime of Josip Broz Tito after 1945. Due to the local minority population, the Jagodnjak municipality prescribe the use of not only Croatian as the official language, but the Serbian language and Serbian Cyrillic alphabet as well. The Municipality of Jagodnjak is one of seven Serb majority member municipalities within

700-662: Was established on the territory of the then Bolman nicipality during the land reform in interwar Yugoslavia . The first historical Municipality of Jagodnjak was established before the World War II during the epoch of the Kingdom of Hungary , and was settled by Danube Swabians from Hesse, they were called Stifolder. At that time the municipality was part of the Baranya County (former) and did not include villages of Bolman, Novi Bolman and Majške Međe which constituted

728-607: Was passed in 2008. Erdut Agreement The Erdut Agreement ( Serbo-Croatian : Erdutski sporazum / Ердутски споразум ), officially the Basic Agreement on the Region of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium , is an agreement reached on 12 November 1995 between the authorities of the Republic of Croatia and the local Serb authorities of the Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia region on

756-626: Was preferred or acceptable to all parties concerned. As a part of his Bosnia peace efforts United States President Bill Clinton also stated: " There must be a long-term plan for resolving the situation in Eastern Slavonia ... based on Croatian sovereignty and the principles of the Z-4 Plan (e.g. Serb home rule, the right of refugees to return, and the other guarantees for Serbs who live there). " Despite territorial autonomy 's prominent place in President Clinton's plans and effort by

784-525: Was requested to ensure the possibility for the return of refugees and displaced persons to their homes of origin. The same rights were to be enjoyed both to those who have left the region or those who have come to the region from other parts of Croatia. Joint Implementation Committees formed both by local Croat and Serb communities assisted the UNTAES in governing the region. Local police forces were organized to have equal number of ethnic Croats and ethnic Serbs plus additional smaller numbers of personnel from all

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