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89-459: The Jaguar XE (X760) is a car manufactured by Jaguar Land Rover and marketed under their Jaguar marque since April 2015. A large family car , it has a four-door saloon car body style and is aimed at the compact-executive market segment. It is front engined and sold with both rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive . The successor to the X-Type , it was designed by Ian Callum and launched at

178-453: A ZF 8HP45 or ZF 8HP70 eight-speed automatic transmission , a lighter variant of the gearbox currently fitted to other Jaguar models and the competing BMW 3 Series . The gearbox is older version of the second generation ZF 8HP50 currently fitted to the competing Alfa Romeo Giulia model. A six-speed ZF manual gearbox is available on diesel models. The XE uses a traction control system marketed as All Surface Progress Control , developed from

267-528: A drag co-efficient of 0.26. In 2019, the XE was facelifted, bringing updates to the exterior as well as the interior. The interior features a flush rotary gear selector which rises and becomes functional once the engine is started. The central console featured a 8 inches (20 cm) or optional 10.2 inch touch screen , providing access to in car entertainment , satellite navigation and vehicle settings. The XE features smartphone connectivity and some models allow

356-418: A monochrome CRT touchscreen that functioned both as display and sole method of input. The ECC replaced the traditional mechanical stereo , fan, heater and air conditioner controls and displays, and was capable of providing very detailed and specific information about the vehicle's cumulative and current operating status in real time . The ECC was standard equipment on the 1985–1989 Buick Riviera and later

445-485: A 20 MB hard drive. In order to keep up-to-date information during the event, the database of visitor information was updated and remotely transferred to the computer terminals each night. Using the touch screens, visitors were able to find information about the exposition’s rides, attractions, performances, facilities, and the surrounding areas. Visitors could also select between information displayed in English and Japanese;

534-521: A British-registered and wholly owned subsidiary. The new company was to be used as a holding company for the acquisition from Ford of the two businesses – Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover for US$ 2.23 billion. That acquisition was completed on 2 June 2008. Included in the deal to buy Land Rover and Jaguar Cars were the rights to three other British brands: the Daimler marque , as well as two dormant brands Lanchester and Rover . On 1 January 2013,

623-446: A bad reputation of being imprecise until 1988. Most user-interface books would state that touchscreen selections were limited to targets larger than the average finger. At the time, selections were done in such a way that a target was selected as soon as the finger came over it, and the corresponding action was performed immediately. Errors were common, due to parallax or calibration problems, leading to user frustration. "Lift-off strategy"

712-423: A keyboard. An effective integration of this technology was aimed at helping flight crews maintain a high level of situational awareness of all major aspects of the vehicle operations including the flight path, the functioning of various aircraft systems, and moment-to-moment human interactions. EARLY 80s EVALUATATION FOR CARS - also, in the early 1980s, General Motors tasked its Delco Electronics division with

801-416: A matrix of collimated lights shining orthogonally across the touch surface. When a beam is interrupted by a stylus, the photodetectors which no longer are receiving a signal can be used to determine where the interruption is. Later iterations of matrix based touchscreens built upon this by adding more emitters and detectors to improve resolution, pulsing emitters to improve optical signal to noise ratio , and

890-527: A new generation of vehicle technologies. Jaguar Land Rover was to invest £50 million in the facility, the university and the UK government. The carmaker said around 1,000 academics and engineers would work there and that construction would start in 2014. Under its chief executive, Ralf Speth , JLR has significantly increased its investment in research and development. In 2013, according to Speth, it invested £3 billion in "product creation" and claimed to be

979-461: A nonorthogonal matrix to remove shadow readings when using multi-touch. 1963 INDIRECT LIGHT PEN - Later inventions built upon this system to free telewriting styli from their mechanical bindings. By transcribing what a user draws onto a computer, it could be saved for future use. See US 3089918A , Graham, Robert E, "Telewriting apparatus", issued 1963-05-14   . 1965 CAPACITANCE AND RESISTANCE - The first finger driven touchscreen

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1068-486: A plastic pen and a plastic board with a transparent window where pen presses are detected. It was used primarily with a drawing software application. 1985 MULTI-TOUCH CAPACITANCE - The University of Toronto group, including Bill Buxton, developed a multi-touch tablet that used capacitance rather than bulky camera-based optical sensing systems (see History of multi-touch ). 1985 USED FOR POINT OF SALE - The first commercially available graphical point-of-sale (POS) software

1157-500: A project aimed at replacing an automobile's non-essential functions (i.e. other than throttle , transmission , braking , and steering ) from mechanical or electro-mechanical systems with solid state alternatives wherever possible. The finished device was dubbed the ECC for "Electronic Control Center", a digital computer and software control system hardwired to various peripheral sensors , servomechanisms , solenoids , antenna and

1246-426: A prominent role in the design of digital appliances such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and some e-readers . Touchscreens are important in educational settings such as classrooms or on college campuses. The popularity of smartphones, tablets, and many types of information appliances has driven the demand and acceptance of common touchscreens for portable and functional electronics. Touchscreens are found in

1335-492: A reflection of Australia’s overseas tourist market in the 1980s. It is worth noting that Telecom’s Expo Info system was based on an earlier system employed at Expo 86 in Vancouver , Canada . 1990 SINGLE AND MULTI-TOUCH GESTURES - Sears et al. (1990) gave a review of academic research on single and multi-touch human–computer interaction of the time, describing gestures such as rotating knobs, adjusting sliders, and swiping

1424-643: A revised infotainment system marketed as InControl Touch Pro Duo , shared with other Jaguar Land Rover products. The automatic's rising rotary knob gear selector was replaced with a more conventional type marketed as the Sport Shift Selector . The XE is the first built on the Jaguar Land Rover iQ[Al] (D7a) modular platform, also used for the second generation Jaguar XF (X260) model, the Jaguar F-Pace sports utility vehicle and

1513-421: A rugged multi-touch capacitive touchscreen, that could sense through a rigid, protective overlay - the sort later required for a mobile phone, was ever developed or patented by Boie. Many of these citations rely on anecdotal evidence from Bill Buxton of Bell Labs. However, Bill Buxton did not have much luck getting his hands on this technology. As he states in the citation: "Our assumption (false, as it turned out)

1602-486: A shift to 24-hour production at the plant. In the same month, Jaguar Land Rover and the China-based carmaker Chery agreed to invest an initial US$ 2.78 billion in a new joint venture, the activities of which would include the manufacture of Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles and engines, the establishment of a research and development facility, the creation of a new automobile marque, and sales of vehicles produced by

1691-506: A simple mouse or keypad that capacitively sensed just one finger through a thin insulator. Although not claimed or even mentioned in the patent, this technology could potentially have been used as a capacitance touchscreen. 1993 FIRST RESISTIVE TOUCHSCREEN PHONE - IBM released the IBM Simon , which is the first touchscreen phone. EARLY 90s ABANDONED GAME CONTROLLER - An early attempt at a handheld game console with touchscreen controls

1780-580: A simple x/y pen plotter, eliminating the need for expensive and complicated sputter coating, laser ablation, screen printing or etching. The resulting, incredibly flexible, touchscreen film, less than 100 microns thick, could be attached by static or non-setting weak adhesive to one side of a sheet of glass, for sensing through that glass. Early versions of this device were controlled by the PIC16C54 microchip. 1994 FIRST PUB GAME WITH TOUCHSCREEN - Appearing in pubs in 1994, JPM's Monopoly SWP (skill with prizes)

1869-770: A special stylus or pen. The user can use the touchscreen to react to what is displayed and, if the software allows, to control how it is displayed; for example, zooming to increase the text size. A touchscreen enables the user to interact directly with what is displayed, instead of using a mouse , touchpad , or other such devices (other than a stylus, which is optional for most modern touchscreens). Touchscreens are common in devices such as smartphones , handheld game consoles , and personal computers . They are common in point-of-sale (POS) systems, automated teller machines (ATMs), electronic voting machines , and automobile infotainment systems and controls. They can also be attached to computers or, as terminals, to networks. They play

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1958-531: A supercharged and intercooled 592 hp version of the 5.0 L Jaguar AJ-V8. In the typical trim the Project 8 has four leather-trimmed bucket seats, with the two front seats mounted on lightweight magnesium frames. A "track package", not available in the United States, features a harness retention hoop in place of the rear seats, and carbon fibre racing seats with four-point competition harnesses installed in

2047-503: A team around Rainer Mallebrein  [ de ] at Telefunken Konstanz for an air traffic control system. In 1970, this evolved into a device named "Touchinput- Einrichtung " ("touch input facility") for the SIG ;50 terminal utilizing a conductively coated glass screen in front of the display. This was patented in 1971 and the patent was granted a couple of years later. The same team had already invented and marketed

2136-620: A television factory in the early 1960s. Then manufactured by CERN, and shortly after by industry partners, it was put to use in 1973. 1972 OPTICAL - A group at the University of Illinois filed for a patent on an optical touchscreen that became a standard part of the Magnavox Plato IV Student Terminal and thousands were built for this purpose. These touchscreens had a crossed array of 16×16 infrared position sensors, each composed of an LED on one edge of

2225-572: A time, and few have had the capability to sense how hard one is touching. This has changed with the commercialization of multi-touch technology, and the Apple Watch being released with a force-sensitive display in April 2015. 2015 BISTATE PROJECTED CAPACITANCE - When used as a Projected Capacitance touchscreen, in mutual capacitance mode, diagonal wiring requires each I/O line to be capable of switching between two states (bistate), an output some of

2314-464: A touchscreen slider, which was later cited as prior art in the lock screen patent litigation between Apple and other touchscreen mobile phone vendors (in relation to U.S. patent 7,657,849 ). 1991 INERTIAL CONTROL - From 1991 to 1992, the Sun Star7 prototype PDA implemented a touchscreen with inertial scrolling . 1993 CAPACITANCE MOUSE / KEYPAD - Bob Boie of AT&T Bell Labs, patented

2403-493: A transparent implementation of an existing opaque touchpad technology, U.S. patent No.  3,911,215, October 7, 1975, which had been developed by Elographics' founder George Samuel Hurst . The resulting resistive technology touch screen was first shown on the World's Fair at Knoxville in 1982. 1982 MULTI-TOUCH CAMERA - Multi-touch technology began in 1982, when the University of Toronto 's Input Research Group developed

2492-506: Is available in both petrol and diesel variants, in a range of different power outputs. The 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) diesel significantly reduced consumption and carbon emission figures, and is capable of fuel consumption less than 68.9 mpg ‑imp (4.10 L/100 km; 57.4 mpg ‑US ) and producing CO 2 emissions of only 99 g/km. The cleanest models in Britain pay no annual Vehicle Excise Duty . From

2581-579: Is the design, development, manufacture and sale of vehicles bearing the Jaguar and Land Rover marques. Both marques have long histories prior to their merger – Jaguar going back to the 1930s and Land Rover to the 1940s – first coming together in 1968 as part of the British Leyland conglomerate, later again independent of each other, and then as subsidiaries of BMW (in the case of Land Rover), and Ford Motor Company (Jaguar). In 2000, Rover Group

2670-459: The Rollkugel mouse RKS 100-86 for the SIG 100-86 a couple of years earlier. 1968 CAPACITANCE - The application of touch technology for air traffic control was described in an article published in 1968. Frank Beck and Bent Stumpe , engineers from CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), developed a transparent touchscreen in the early 1970s, based on Stumpe's work at

2759-556: The Multiair/UniAir electrohydraulic variable valve lift system from Schaeffler Group , which Schaeffler in turn licensed from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2001. The system, developed by Fiat Powertrain Technologies , is a hydraulically-actuated variable valve lift (VVL) technology enabling "cylinder by cylinder, stroke by stroke" control of intake air directly via a gasoline engine's inlet valves. The four-cylinder

Jaguar XE - Misplaced Pages Continue

2848-710: The Range Rover Sport P400e for the 2018 model year, a plug-in hybrid model due in the showrooms in late 2017. and be followed by the launch of a plug-in hybrid Range Rover due in 2018 for the 2019 model year. Jaguar Land Rover paid $ 49.5 million in fines for missing its American Corporate Average Fuel Economy targets over the 2009–13 model years. At the beginning of June 2019, JLR and BMW announced that they will collaborate "to develop next generation electric drive units". On 5 July 2019, JLR confirmed that they intended to build an all-electric XJ luxury saloon car, at their Castle Bromwich plant . The car

2937-527: The Range Rover Velar . The design features double wishbone suspension at the front, with similarities to the system fitted to the XF and F-Type models, the rear features an entirely new subframe mounted multi-link suspension system, marketed as Integral Link . The system is costlier to manufacture but allows for greater tuning. The major suspension components are manufactured from aluminium to reduce

3026-639: The Terrain Response system fitted to Land Rover's off-road vehicles and allowing better traction in snow and ice. Jaguar expected the XE to obtain a five star Euro NCAP safety rating which was proven in 2015. The design features several safety features now mandatory to be considered for a five star rating, including the Advanced Emergency Braking System ( pre-crash system ). The XE was tested by Thatcham's New Vehicle Security Ratings (NVSR) organisation and achieved

3115-540: The unsprung as well as overall vehicle mass and increase the suspension system stiffness. The suspension system features sacrificial slip-fixings to protect expensive major components from damage. To create the 50:50 weight balance the battery is located in the trunk/boot, consuming space normally accommodating the spare wheel. The rear boot floor and boot lid are steel, contributing to balanced weight distribution. Single-piston brake calipers are provided with one of three different sizes of brake discs fitted, depending on

3204-728: The "biggest R&D investor in the UK in the automotive business". In 2017 a plant for Ingenium engine production was added to the Chery Jaguar Land Rover facility in China. On 13 April 2018, Jaguar Land Rover announced that it would be cutting 1,000 temporary contract jobs in the West Midlands , citing a slump in sales due to uncertainty over changes to taxes on diesel cars and Brexit . In 2019, Jaguar Land Rover purchased Bowler Motors , which became part of its SVO (Special Vehicle Operations) division. In

3293-653: The 1988–1989 Buick Reatta , but was unpopular with consumers—partly due to the technophobia of some traditional Buick customers, but mostly because of costly technical problems suffered by the ECC's touchscreen which would render climate control or stereo operation impossible. 1985 GRAPHIC TABLET - Sega released the Terebi Oekaki, also known as the Sega Graphic Board, for the SG-1000 video game console and SC-3000 home computer . It consisted of

3382-554: The 2030s. CEO Thierry Bolloré clearly stated that this is to help JLR comply with the incoming more stringent emission standards and the phase-out and banning of fossil fuel vehicles by 2030 from Europe, India, China, South Korea, Japan, United States, etc. due to climate change and air pollution. This also comes after the United Kingdom passed legislation in February 2020, that will ban new sales of all fossil fuel vehicles from

3471-504: The Ingenium 2.0L engines with an additional 48 Volt belt alternator starter system. Ian Callum designed the XE's exterior. The construction features bonded and riveted aluminium construction, with bolt-on front and rear crash structure and key body panels to simplify repair and decrease insurance costs. In the event of a collision with a pedestrian, the active bonnet pops up to provide additional protection. The exterior design has

3560-511: The Jaguar and Land Rover marques. In March 2019, Jaguar Land Rover became the first European car producer to submit new cars from its marques to AIR Index to receive NOx emissions ratings. In September 2017, Jaguar Land Rover announced that all new Jaguar and Land Rover models launched from the 2020 model year will have an all-electric or hybrid powertrain option. In October 2017, JLR announced that its electrification programme will start with

3649-530: The October 2014 Paris Motor Show . Production of the XE ceased in mid 2024. The XE is noted for its aluminium suspension componentry as well as its bonded and riveted aluminium unitary structure — the first in its segment. The XE was announced, but not displayed, at the 2014 Geneva Motor Show and debuted globally on 8 September 2014 in London. Sales were expected to begin globally in 2015, followed by

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3738-513: The UK and one in India. Jaguar Land Rover has three research and development facilities in the UK: Vehicle assembly plants: SVO facility Engine assembly plants Planned facilities Co-operations In 2020, Jaguar Land Rover's UK production facilities were halted for the period from March 20 to April 20 due to coronavirus pandemic . Jaguar Land Rover currently sells vehicles under

3827-522: The UK by 2030. Bolloré also stated that all the upcoming electric vehicles being introduced by JLR and other car manufacturers should also become more mainstream and eventually overtake fossil fuel vehicles. Touch screen A user can give input or control the information processing system through simple or multi-touch gestures by touching the screen with a special stylus or one or more fingers. Some touchscreens use ordinary or specially coated gloves to work, while others may only work using

3916-459: The United States in 2016. Production formally commenced on 13 April 2015 at Jaguar Land Rover's Solihull plant. The XE was the first Jaguar to be built at the factory in Solihull , which was to be dedicated to the manufacture of aluminium vehicles under both the Jaguar and Land Rover brands, including the second-generation Range Rover Sport . Due to high demand for the vehicle production capacity

4005-506: The XE's launch until 2017 the petrol four-cylinders were from Ford 's family of "EcoBoost" engines . New Ingenium petrol engines replaced the Ford units beginning in the 2018 model year. From the XE's launch until 2019 the petrol V6 was from Jaguar 's family of AJ-V8 engines . After 2019, the V6 engine was no longer offered. In late 2020, mild hybrid options were announced, as modifications to

4094-420: The city of Brisbane , Australia hosted Expo 88 , whose theme was “leisure in the age of technology”. To support the event and provide information to expo visitors, Telecom Australia (now Telstra ) erected 8 kiosks around the expo site with a total of 56 touch screen information consoles, being specially modified Sony Videotex Workstations. Each system was also equipped with a videodisc player, speakers, and

4183-505: The company. Jaguar Land Rover planned to create 4,500 manufacturing and engineering jobs in the UK over the next five years. In late 2012, the company announced a joint venture for Jaguars and Land Rovers to be built in China, now the world's biggest car-market. The agreement was with Chery , China's sixth largest auto manufacturer, and called for a new Chinese factory in Changshu to build vehicles starting in 2014. Trial production at

4272-455: The construction of a new engine plant at the i54 business park near Wolverhampton , central England, to manufacture a family of four-cylinder petrol and diesel engines. In November 2011 Jaguar Land Rover announced that it would be creating 1,000 new jobs at its Solihull plant , a 25 per cent increase in the size of the workforce at the site. In March 2012, Jaguar Land Rover announced the creation of 1,000 new jobs at its Halewood plant, and

4361-439: The entire Jaguar range will become all-electric for the 2025 model year. The company also stated that it will introduce its first all-electric Land Rover vehicle in 2023 as a 2024 model year. JLR also stated that it will end production and sales of diesel-powered Land Rover vehicles in 2026, with production and sales of petrol-powered Land Rover vehicles ending in 2030. This will lead to Jaguar Land Rover becoming 100% all-electric by

4450-626: The facility began in April 2014, with a potential capacity of 130,000 vehicles annually. The first production model by the Chery Jaguar Land Rover venture was the Evoque, with other models planned that also include modifications, such as longer wheelbases, to satisfy Chinese market demand. In September 2013, Jaguar Land Rover announced an additional 1,700 jobs and £1.5 billion investment at its facility in Solihull. The money

4539-543: The first human-input multi-touch system, using a frosted-glass panel with a camera placed behind the glass. 1983 OPTICAL - An optical touchscreen was used on the HP-150 starting in 1983. The HP 150 was one of the world's earliest commercial touchscreen computers. HP mounted their infrared transmitters and receivers around the bezel of a 9-inch Sony cathode ray tube (CRT). 1983 MULTI-TOUCH FORCE SENSING TOUCHSCREEN - Bob Boie of AT&T Bell Labs, used capacitance to track

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4628-574: The following ratings: A special limited-production, high-performance version of the XE called SV Project 8 debuted at the 2017 Goodwood Festival of Speed . The base car was modified by Jaguar Land Rover's Special Vehicle Operations (SVO) team, with carbon fibre body panels and aerodynamic aids including a front splitter and rear wing, carbon fibre and Alcantara interior trim, 400 mm carbon ceramic brake discs in front with six-piston calipers, unique 20-inch wheels with Michelin Sport Cup 2 tires, and

4717-559: The front of the screen. Stumpe and Beck developed a self-capacitance touchscreen in 1972, and a mutual capacitance touchscreen in 1977. Both these devices could only sense the finger by direct touch or through a thin insulating film. This was 11 microns thick according to Stumpe's 1977 report. 1984 TOUCHPAD - Fujitsu released a touch pad for the Micro 16 to accommodate the complexity of kanji characters, which were stored as tiled graphics. 1986 GRAPHIC TABLET - A graphic touch tablet

4806-479: The front. Total production is limited to 300 worldwide. Official website Jaguar Land Rover Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC is the holding company of Jaguar Land Rover , also known as JLR , and is a British multinational automobile manufacturer which produces luxury vehicles and SUV and has its head office in Whitley, Coventry , United Kingdom. The principal activity of Jaguar Land Rover

4895-462: The group, which had been operating as two separate companies (Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover), although on an integrated basis, underwent a fundamental restructuring. The parent company was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC, Jaguar Cars Limited was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Limited and the assets (excluding certain Chinese interests) of Land Rover were transferred to it. The consequence

4984-429: The invention of a wire based touchscreen in 1994, where one 25 micron diameter, insulation coated wire replaced about 30 of these 80 micron wide tracks, and could also accurately sense fingers through thick glass. Screen masking, caused by the copper, was reduced from 50% to less than 0.5%. The use of fine wire meant that very large touchscreens, several meters wide, could be plotted onto a thin polyester support film with

5073-557: The laws of England and Wales (Company No. 06477691). The immediate parent of Jaguar Land Rover Automotive is TML Holdings, Singapore and the ultimate parent undertaking and controlling party is Tata Motors of India. The chairman of Tata Group , Ratan Tata , was the chairman and a director of Jaguar Land Rover Automotive from 2008 to December 2012. Jaguar Land Rover Automotive's principal active subsidiaries are: Jaguar Land Rover has six main facilities for research and development, manufacturing and vehicle assembly, of which five are in

5162-475: The length of the horizontal sensing elements increases as the width of the touchscreen increases. Eventually, a limit is hit where the resistance gets so great that the touchscreen can no longer function properly. The patent describes how the use of diagonal elements ensures that the length of any element never exceeds 1.414 times the height ⌈ H 2 ⌋ {\textstyle \left\lceil H{\sqrt {2}}\right\rfloor } of

5251-425: The marque when it broke up Rover Group in 2000, then licensed it to MG Rover. In March 2011, Jaguar Land Rover announced that it would hire an additional 1,500 staff at its Halewood plant , and signed over £2 billion of supply contracts with UK-based companies, to enable production of its new Range Rover Evoque model. In September 2011, the company confirmed that it would be investing £355 million in

5340-446: The mechanical changes in thickness of a soft, deformable overlay membrane when one or more physical objects interact with it; the flexible surface being easily replaced, if damaged by these objects. The patent states "the tactile sensor arrangements may be utilized as a touch screen". Many derivative sources retrospectively describe Boie as making a major advancement with his touchscreen technology; but no evidence has been found that

5429-560: The medical field, heavy industry , automated teller machines (ATMs), and kiosks such as museum displays or room automation , where keyboard and mouse systems do not allow a suitably intuitive, rapid, or accurate interaction by the user with the display's content. Historically, the touchscreen sensor and its accompanying controller-based firmware have been made available by a wide array of after-market system integrators , and not by display, chip, or motherboard manufacturers. Display manufacturers and chip manufacturers have acknowledged

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5518-403: The monitor line scans. About 600 of these were sold for this purpose, retailing at £50 apiece, which was very cheap for the time. Working through very thick glass made it ideal for operation in a "hostile" environment, such as a pub. Although reflected light from the copper wires was noticeable under certain lighting conditions, this problem was eliminated by using tinted glass. The reflection issue

5607-592: The original signal. Effectively, this was used for temporarily drawing arrows or circles onto a live television broadcast, as described in US 2487641A , Denk, William E, "Electronic pointer for television images", issued 1949-11-08   . 1962 OPTICAL - The first version of a touchscreen which operated independently of the light produced from the screen was patented by AT&T Corporation US 3016421A , Harmon, Leon D, "Electrographic transmitter", issued 1962-01-09   . This touchscreen utilized

5696-447: The owner to pre-heat the interior or unlock the car remotely, using a smartphone application. A laser colour head-up display is an available option. Interior revisions in 2017 include cupholder covers, revised and higher resolution display and standard infotainment interface marketed as InControl Touch Pro reliant on a user-provided data connection SIM card . In 2019, the interior was revised with new door panels, centre tunnel and

5785-967: The release of the Nintendo DS in 2004. 2007 MOBILE PHONE WITH CAPACITANCE - The first mobile phone with a capacitive touchscreen was LG Prada , released in May 2007 (which was before the first iPhone released). By 2009, touchscreen-enabled mobile phones were becoming trendy and quickly gaining popularity in both basic and advanced devices. In Quarter-4 2009 for the first time, a majority of smartphones (i.e. not all mobile phones) shipped with touchscreens over non-touch. 2013 RESISTIVE VERSUS PROJECTED CAPACITANCE SALES - In 2007, 93% of touchscreens shipped were resistive and only 4% were projected capacitance. In 2013, 3% of touchscreens shipped were resistive and 96% were projected capacitance (see page 5). 2015 FORCE SENSING TOUCHSCREENS - Until recently, most consumer touchscreens could only sense one point of contact at

5874-666: The same group by the Ford Motor Company in 2002. Ford had acquired Jaguar Cars in 1989 and then Land Rover from BMW in 2000. In 2006, Ford purchased the Rover brand name from BMW for around £6 million. This reunited the Rover and Land Rover brands for the first time since the Rover group was broken up by BMW in 2000. On 18 January 2008, Tata Motors , a part of the Tata Group , established Jaguar Land Rover Limited as

5963-411: The screen and a matched phototransistor on the other edge, all mounted in front of a monochrome plasma display panel. This arrangement could sense any fingertip-sized opaque object in close proximity to the screen. 1973 MULTI-TOUCH CAPACITANCE - In 1973, Beck and Stumpe published another article describing their capacitive touchscreen. This indicated that it was capable of multi-touch but this feature

6052-538: The screen to activate a switch (or a U-shaped gesture for a toggle switch). The HCIL team developed and studied small touchscreen keyboards (including a study that showed users could type at 25 wpm on a touchscreen keyboard), aiding their introduction on mobile devices. They also designed and implemented multi-touch gestures such as selecting a range of a line, connecting objects, and a "tap-click" gesture to select while maintaining location with another finger. 1990 TOUCHSCREEN SLIDER AND TOGGLE SWITCHES - HCIL demonstrated

6141-521: The time and an input at other times. I/Os are inputs most of the time, but, once every scan, one of the I/Os has to take its turn at being an output, the remaining input I/Os sensing any signals it generates. The I/O lines, therefore, may have to change from input to output, and vice versa, many times a second. This new design won an Electronics Weekly Elektra Award in 2017. 2021 FIRST "INFINITELY WIDE" TOUCHSCREEN PATENT - With standard x/y array touchscreens,

6230-538: The touchscreen, no matter how wide it is. This could be reduced to 1.15 times the height, if opposing diagonal elements intersect at 60 degrees instead of 90 degrees. The elongated touchscreen could be controlled by a single processor, or the distant ends could be controlled totally independently by different processors, linked by a synchronizing processor in the overlapping middle section. The number of unique intersections could be increased by allowing individual sensing elements to run in two opposing directions - as shown in

6319-449: The trend toward acceptance of touchscreens as a user interface component and have begun to integrate touchscreens into the fundamental design of their products. One predecessor of the modern touchscreen includes stylus based systems. 1946 DIRECT LIGHT PEN - A patent was filed by Philco Company for a stylus designed for sports telecasting which, when placed against an intermediate cathode-ray tube (CRT) display would amplify and add to

6408-580: The vehicle's configuration. An electric power steering system is fitted and the XE comes with a choice of four different road wheel sizes. Initially there were eight available alloy wheel designs. Initially offered with rear-wheel drive , the D7a modular architecture was designed to accommodate all-wheel drive (AWD), which was offered in November 2015, to compete with Audi Quattro , BMW xDrive and Mercedes-Benz 4MATIC models. All XE models are equipped with

6497-526: The year ended 31 March 2013, Jaguar Land Rover sold a total of 374,636 units. In 2016, Jaguar Land Rover became the biggest car manufacturer in the UK, producing 489,923 cars and overtaking Nissan , the previous leader. In January 2014, the Wall Street Journal reported that Jaguar Land Rover sold a record 425,006 vehicles in 2013 as demand for its luxury vehicles increased in all major markets including in China, North America and Europe. JLR

6586-641: Was Sega 's intended successor to the Game Gear , though the device was ultimately shelved and never released due to the expensive cost of touchscreen technology in the early 1990s. 1994 FIRST WIRE BASED PROJECTED CAPACITANCE - Stumpe and Beck's touchscreens (1972/1977 - already cited), used opaque conductive copper tracks that obscured about 50% of the screen (80 micron track / 80 micron space). The advent of projected capacitance in 1984, however, with its improved sensing capability, indicated that most of these tracks could be eliminated. This proved to be so, and led to

6675-445: Was broken up by BMW and Land Rover was sold on to Ford Motor Company, becoming part of its Premier Automotive Group . Jaguar Land Rover has been a subsidiary of Tata Motors since they founded it as a holding company for the acquisition of Jaguar Cars and Land Rover from Ford in 2008. Both businesses having been part of British Leyland for parts of their histories until 1984, Jaguar Cars and Land Rover were eventually reunited into

6764-694: Was demonstrated on the 16-bit Atari 520ST color computer. It featured a color touchscreen widget-driven interface. The ViewTouch POS software was first shown by its developer, Gene Mosher, at the Atari Computer demonstration area of the Fall COMDEX expo in 1986. 1987 CAPACITANCE TOUCH KEYS - Casio launched the Casio PB-1000 pocket computer with a touchscreen consisting of a 4×4 matrix, resulting in 16 touch areas in its small LCD graphic screen. 1988 SELECT ON "LIFT-OFF" - Touchscreens had

6853-566: Was developed by Eric Johnson, of the Royal Radar Establishment located in Malvern , England, who described his work on capacitive touchscreens in a short article published in 1965 and then more fully—with photographs and diagrams—in an article published in 1967. MID-60s ULTRASONIC CURTAIN - Another precursor of touchscreens, an ultrasonic-curtain-based pointing device in front of a terminal display, had been developed by

6942-570: Was expected to be launched in 2020. On 15 February 2021, CEO Thierry Bolloré announced that development on the all-electric XJ saloon has been cancelled due to poor sales of saloons in general, as people around the world are preferring crossovers, SUVs, and pickup trucks over saloons, coupes, convertibles, estates, hatchbacks, and compact cars, especially in the Americas, Oceania, Africa, and the Middle East. In February 2021, JLR announced that

7031-419: Was helpful in boosting profit, with a 54.6% increase in worldwide sales. Tata was open to considering a partnership with another company, according to a statement in mid-October, if the partnership agreement would allow Tata to maintain control of the business. The company ruled out the possibility of a sale of JLR to another entity. Jaguar Land Rover Automotive is a public limited company incorporated under

7120-462: Was increased by adding a line at Castle Bromwich Assembly . Production transferred completely to Castle Bromwich in 2017 as part of a £100m refit. An extended-wheelbase version—exclusively for the Chinese market—called XEL commenced production at the Chery Jaguar Land Rover plant in Changshu in 2015. The XE was the first application of Jaguar Land Rover's new 2.0 L turbocharged Ingenium four-cylinder engine. The Ingenium technology licenses

7209-488: Was introduced by researchers at the University of Maryland Human–Computer Interaction Lab (HCIL). As users touch the screen, feedback is provided as to what will be selected: users can adjust the position of the finger, and the action takes place only when the finger is lifted off the screen. This allowed the selection of small targets, down to a single pixel on a 640×480 Video Graphics Array (VGA) screen (a standard of that time). 1988 WORLD EXPO - From April to October 1988,

7298-639: Was later resolved by using finer (10 micron diameter), dark coated wires. Throughout the following decade JPM continued to use touchscreens for many other games such as "Cluedo" and "Who wants to be a Millionaire". 1998 PROJECTED CAPACITANCE LICENSES - This technology was licensed four years later to Romag Glass Products - later to become Zytronic Displays, and Visual Planet in 2003 (see page 4). 2004 MOBILE MULTI-TOUCH PROJECTED CAPACITANCE PATENT - Apple patents its multi-touch capacitive touchscreen for mobile devices. 2004 VIDEO GAMES WITH TOUCHSCREENS - Touchscreens were not be popularly used for video games until

7387-590: Was purposely inhibited, presumably as this was not considered useful at the time ("A...variable...called BUT changes value from zero to five when a button is touched. The touching of other buttons would give other non-zero values of BUT but this is protected against by software" (Page 6, section 2.6). "Actual contact between a finger and the capacitor is prevented by a thin sheet of plastic" (Page 3, section 2.3). At that time Projected capacitance had not yet been invented. 1977 RESISTIVE - An American company, Elographics – in partnership with Siemens – began work on developing

7476-483: Was released for the Sega AI Computer . EARLY 80s EVALUATION FOR AIRCRAFT - Touch-sensitive control-display units (CDUs) were evaluated for commercial aircraft flight decks in the early 1980s. Initial research showed that a touch interface would reduce pilot workload as the crew could then select waypoints, functions and actions, rather than be "head down" typing latitudes, longitudes, and waypoint codes on

7565-498: Was struggling by mid-2019 and Tata Motors wrote down its investment in JLR by $ 3.9 billion. Much of the financial problem was due to a 50% drop in sales in China during 2018, although the situation was improving by autumn 2019. This was confirmed by a third quarter profit of £156   million (pre-tax) versus a £395   million loss in the second quarter; JLR had also experienced a boost in sales in China of 24%. The new Range Rover Evoque

7654-450: Was that Jaguar Land Rover Limited became responsible in the UK for the design, manufacture and marketing of both Jaguar and Land Rover products. In addition to the Jaguar and Land Rover marques, JLR also owns the rights to the dormant Daimler , Lanchester and Rover marques. The latter was acquired by Land Rover, whilst still under Ford ownership, from BMW in the aftermath of the collapse of MG Rover Group ; BMW had retained ownership of

7743-533: Was that the Boie technology would become available to us in the near future. Around 1990 I took a group from Xerox to see this technology it [sic] since I felt that it would be appropriate for the user interface of our large document processors. This did not work out". UP TO 1984 CAPACITANCE - Although, as cited earlier, Johnson is credited with developing the first finger operated capacitive and resistive touchscreens in 1965, these worked by directly touching wires across

7832-412: Was the first machine to use touch screen technology instead of buttons (see Quiz machine / History). It used a 14 inch version of this newly invented wire based projected capacitance touchscreen and had 64 sensing areas - the wiring pattern being similar to that shown in the lower diagram. The zig-zag pattern was introduced to minimize visual reflections and prevent Moire interference between the wires and

7921-494: Was to be spent on designing systems to allow the chassis of future models to be made out of aluminium; the first of these would be a new mid-sized sports saloon car to be introduced in 2015. The same month, the company announced plans to open a £100   million research and development centre called the National Automotive Innovation Campus at the University of Warwick , Coventry to create

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