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216-484: The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional character of MI6 agent James Bond , "007", who originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming . It is one of the longest continually running film series in history, having been in ongoing production from 1962 to the present (with a six-year hiatus between 1989 and 1995). In that time, Eon Productions has produced 25 films as of 2021, most of them at Pinewood Studios . With

432-509: A GPS encoder on the black market. Bond encounters Chinese agent Wai Lin , who is also investigating the matter, and the two agree to work together. They discover that Carver had used the GPS encoder to push the British ship off course and into Chinese waters to incite a war for ratings. With the British fleet on their way to China, Bond and Wai Lin find Carver's stealth ship, board it and prevent

648-516: A casino . Bond follows her to Hong Kong, where he witnesses the murder of Gibson and the theft of the Solex agitator. Bond is subsequently assigned to retrieve the agitator and assassinate Scaramanga. Bond meets with Hai Fat, a wealthy Thai entrepreneur suspected of arranging Gibson's murder, and is captured, but subsequently escapes. He tracks Scaramanga to an island in Red Chinese waters, where

864-469: A double agent , attacks M, enabling White to escape. Bond traces the organisation to Haiti and a connection to environmentalist Dominic Greene. Bond uncovers a plot between Greene and an exiled Bolivian General, Medrano, to put Medrano in power in Bolivia while Quantum is given a monopoly to run the water supply to the country. Bond ascertains that Quantum is damming Bolivia's supply of fresh water to force

1080-442: A dream sequence designed by Salvador Dalí . The dream sequence as it appears in the film is ten minutes shorter than was originally envisioned; Selznick edited it to make it "play" more effectively. Gregory Peck plays amnesiac Dr. Anthony Edwardes under the treatment of analyst Dr. Peterson ( Ingrid Bergman ), who falls in love with him while trying to unlock his repressed past. Two point-of-view shots were achieved by building

1296-597: A fish-and-chip shop and fishmongers' respectively; they lived above the former. Hitchcock attended his first school, the Howrah House Convent in Poplar , which he entered in 1907, at age 7. According to biographer Patrick McGilligan , he stayed at Howrah House for at most two years. He also attended a convent school, the Wode Street School "for the daughters of gentlemen and little boys" run by

1512-503: A novel by English novelist Daphne du Maurier . Selznick insisted on a faithful adaptation of the book, and disagreed with Hitchcock with the use of humour. The film, starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine , concerns an unnamed naïve young woman who marries a widowed aristocrat. She lives in his large English country house , and struggles with the lingering reputation of his elegant and worldly first wife Rebecca, who died under mysterious circumstances. The film won Best Picture at

1728-644: A British spy posing as a governess, disappears on a train journey through the fictional European country of Bandrika . The film saw Hitchcock receive the 1938 New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director. Benjamin Crisler of The New York Times wrote in June 1938: "Three unique and valuable institutions the British have that we in America have not: Magna Carta , the Tower Bridge and Alfred Hitchcock,

1944-463: A Doubt (1943) and Notorious (1946). Rebecca won the Academy Award for Best Picture , with Hitchcock nominated as Best Director. He also received Oscar nominations for Lifeboat (1944), Spellbound (1945), Rear Window (1954) and Psycho (1960). Hitchcock's other notable films include Rope (1948), Strangers on a Train (1951), Dial M for Murder (1954), To Catch

2160-681: A Thief (1955), The Trouble with Harry (1955), Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959), The Birds (1963) and Marnie (1964), all of which were also financially successful and are highly regarded by film historians. Hitchcock made a number of films with some of the biggest stars in Hollywood, including four with Cary Grant , four with James Stewart , three with Ingrid Bergman and three consecutively with Grace Kelly . Hitchcock became an American citizen in 1955. In 2012, Hitchcock's psychological thriller Vertigo , starring Stewart, displaced Orson Welles ' Citizen Kane (1941) as

2376-434: A cell for a few minutes, saying, "This is what we do to naughty boys." The experience left him with a lifelong phobia of law enforcement, and he told Tom Snyder in 1973 that he was "scared stiff of anything ... to do with the law" and that he would refuse to even drive a car in case he got a parking ticket. When he was six, the family moved to Limehouse and leased two stores at 130 and 175 Salmon Lane, which they ran as

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2592-513: A clinical allergy-research institute atop Piz Gloria in the Swiss Alps . Bond soon establishes that Blofeld is brainwashing his patients to distribute bacteriological warfare agents throughout various parts of the world. Bond escapes from the clinic after Blofeld identifies him as a British agent. Bond arranges a raid on the clinic using men from Draco's organisation. The raid is a success, although Blofeld escapes. Bond marries Tracy, but she

2808-601: A combined gross of over $ 7 billion, the films produced by Eon constitute the fifth-highest-grossing film series . Six actors have portrayed 007 in the Eon series, the latest being Daniel Craig . Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman co-produced most of the Eon films until 1975, when Broccoli became the sole producer. The single exception during this period was Thunderball , on which Broccoli and Saltzman became executive producers while Kevin McClory produced. From 1984 Broccoli

3024-410: A complete grasp of all the different branches of film technique that he is able to take far more control of his production than the average director of four times his experience." Production of The Pleasure Garden encountered obstacles which Hitchcock would later learn from: on arrival to Brenner Pass , he failed to declare his film stock to customs and it was confiscated; one actress could not enter

3240-399: A confined environment, as he had done earlier with Lifeboat . The film appears as a very limited number of continuous shots, but it was actually shot in 10 ranging from 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 to 10 minutes each; a 10-minute length of film was the most that a camera's film magazine could hold at the time. Some transitions between reels were hidden by having a dark object fill the entire screen for

3456-431: A diversion which allows him to open the hatch, letting in the ninjas. During the battle, Osato is killed by Blofeld, who activates the base's self-destruct system and escapes. Bond, Kissy, Tanaka and the surviving ninjas escape through the cave tunnel before it explodes, and are rescued by submarine. While searching for Blofeld, the head of SPECTRE, Bond (played by George Lazenby ) saves Tracy di Vicenzo ( Diana Rigg ) on

3672-530: A downturn in the fortunes of Technicolor , in which he had invested heavily. The resulting legalities over the Bond property delayed production of the next Bond film, The Spy Who Loved Me . Guy Hamilton was initially scheduled to follow on from The Man with the Golden Gun with The Spy Who Loved Me , but instead turned down Eon Productions during pre-production after being offered the opportunity to direct

3888-585: A film, where he sat in a newsroom. Continuing to market his brand following the success of The Lodger , Hitchcock wrote a letter to the London Evening News in November 1927 about his filmmaking, participated in studio-produced publicity, and by December 1927 he developed the original sketch of his widely recognised profile which he introduced by sending it to friends and colleagues as a Christmas present. On 2 December 1926, Hitchcock married

4104-461: A film, which recorded the experiences of the survivors of a German U-boat attack. Steinbeck began work on the script for what would become Lifeboat (1944). However, Steinbeck was unhappy with the film and asked that his name be removed from the credits, to no avail. The idea was rewritten as a short story by Harry Sylvester and published in Collier's in 1943. The action sequences were shot in

4320-420: A flat, hard, springy tool made of gutta-percha and known as a "ferula" which struck the whole palm; punishment was always at the end of the day, so the boys had to sit through classes anticipating the punishment if they had been written up for it. He later said that this is where he developed his sense of fear. The school register lists his year of birth as 1900 rather than 1899; biographer Donald Spoto says he

4536-474: A former MI6 agent who was captured and tortured by Chinese agents. Blaming M for his imprisonment, Silva sets in motion a plan to ruin her reputation before murdering her. Bond saves M and attempts to lure Silva into a trap, and while he is successful in repelling Silva's assault, M is killed. Bond returns to active duty under the command of the new M, Gareth Mallory. Following her death in Skyfall , M sends Bond

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4752-453: A freelancer who signed a one-picture deal with the studio, both known for their work in comedies and light dramas. The story depicts a confrontation between a suspected saboteur (Cummings) and a real saboteur ( Norman Lloyd ) atop the Statue of Liberty . Hitchcock took a three-day tour of New York City to scout for Saboteur ' s filming locations. He also directed Have You Heard? (1942),

4968-696: A grand total in excess of $ 20 billion. The films have won six Academy Awards : for Sound Effects (now Sound Editing) in Goldfinger ( at the 37th Awards ), to John Stears for Visual Effects in Thunderball ( at the 38th Awards ), to Per Hallberg and Karen Baker Landers for Sound Editing , to Adele and Paul Epworth for Original Song in Skyfall ( at the 85th Awards ), to Sam Smith and Jimmy Napes for Original Song in Spectre ( at

5184-765: A job, for 15 shillings a week (£91 in 2023), as a technical clerk at the Henley Telegraph and Cable Company in Blomfield Street, near London Wall . He continued night classes, this time in art history, painting, economics and political science. His older brother ran the family shops, while he and his mother continued to live in Salmon Lane. Hitchcock was too young to enlist when the First World War started in July 1914, and when he reached

5400-399: A large wooden hand (which would appear to belong to the character whose point of view the camera took) and out-sized props for it to hold: a bucket-sized glass of milk and a large wooden gun. For added novelty and impact, the climactic gunshot was hand-coloured red on some copies of the black-and-white film. The original musical score by Miklós Rózsa makes use of the theremin , and some of it

5616-485: A light inside a glass of milk, perhaps poisoned, that Grant is bringing to his wife; the light ensures that the audience's attention is on the glass. Grant's character is actually a killer, according to the book, Before the Fact by Francis Iles , but the studio felt that Grant's image would be tarnished by that. Hitchcock would have preferred to end with the wife's murder. Instead, the actions that she found suspicious are

5832-472: A local industrialist. Bond follows the trail to Blofeld's island headquarters and spaceport , while the spacecraft, Bird One , attacks a Soviet capsule . Blofeld explains to Bond that his plot is to fake in front of each superpower that Bird One is an enemy spacecraft to transform the Cold War into World War III . Tanaka's ninja troops attack the island, while Bond manages to distract Blofeld and create

6048-735: A low profile, and were not interested in attending parties or being celebrities. Hitchcock discovered his taste for fine food in West Hollywood, but still carried on his way of life from England. He was impressed with Hollywood's filmmaking culture, expansive budgets and efficiency, compared to the limits that he had often faced in Britain. In June that year, Life called him the "greatest master of melodrama in screen history". Although Hitchcock and Selznick respected each other, their working arrangements were sometimes difficult. Selznick suffered from constant financial problems, and Hitchcock

6264-474: A mission locating a British scientist, Gibson, who has invented the "Solex agitator", a device to harness solar power , thereby solving the energy crisis . The bullet signifies Bond is a target of assassin Francisco Scaramanga and Bond sets out unofficially to find him. From a spent golden bullet, Bond tracks Scaramanga to Macau , where he sees Scaramanga's mistress collecting golden bullets at

6480-463: A moment. Hitchcock used those points to hide the cut, and began the next take with the camera in the same place. The film features James Stewart in the leading role, and was the first of four films that Stewart made with Hitchcock. It was inspired by the Leopold and Loeb case of the 1920s. Critical response at the time was mixed. Under Capricorn (1949), set in 19th-century Australia, also uses

6696-589: A name director with his first thriller, The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927). The film concerns the hunt for a Jack the Ripper -style serial killer who, wearing a black cloak and carrying a black bag, is murdering young blonde women in London, and only on Tuesdays. A landlady suspects that her lodger is the killer, but he turns out to be innocent. Hitchcock had wanted the leading man to be guilty, or for

Production of the James Bond films - Misplaced Pages Continue

6912-478: A photographic dramatisation for Life magazine of the dangers of rumours during wartime . In 1943, he wrote a mystery story for Look , "The Murder of Monty Woolley ", a sequence of captioned photographs inviting the reader to find clues to the murderer's identity; Hitchcock cast the performers as themselves, such as Woolley, Doris Merrick and make-up man Guy Pearce. Back in England, Hitchcock's mother Emma

7128-725: A posthumous message that leads him to thwart a terrorist attack in Mexico City. Gareth Mallory takes Bond off active duty for his illegal operation, but Bond continues his investigation off the books. The trail leads him first to Rome, where he learns of a sinister terrorist organisation known as Spectre , and later to Austria. There he finds former adversary Mr. White, who has become terminally ill after being poisoned by Spectre. White asks Bond to protect his daughter Madeleine Swann from Spectre and its leader, Franz Oberhauser, before committing suicide. Alfred Hitchcock Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980)

7344-424: A reflection of his own despair and his plan to commit suicide. Fontaine won Best Actress for her performance. Saboteur (1942) is the first of two films that Hitchcock made for Universal Studios during the decade. Hitchcock wanted Gary Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck or Henry Fonda and Gene Tierney to star, but was forced by Universal to use Universal contract player Robert Cummings and Priscilla Lane ,

7560-403: A result. Richard Maibaum also returned to write the script; the first draft envisaged the return of Auric Goldfinger portrayer Gert Fröbe , this time in the role of Goldfinger's twin brother. Maibaum also wrote a climax to the film that consisted of the new Goldfinger being chased across Lake Mead by the people of Las Vegas, all being co-ordinated by Bond. In the autumn of 1970 Tom Mankiewicz

7776-425: A rich playboy, Emilio Largo , who is soon discovered to be SPECTRE's Number Two, ordered by the secretive Number One to direct the operation, and search the area around his yacht and then the area where they think the yacht may have travelled. After finding the plane—but without the nuclear devices on board—the two agents arrange for Largo's yacht to be tracked and ambushed once the bombs are being moved by Largo. 007

7992-542: A screen treatment by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham and the Author". After From Russia with Love , Eon had considered undertaking an adaptation of either On Her Majesty's Secret Service or Casino Royale . They entered into negotiations with Charles K. Feldman, who held the rights to the latter, but a deal proved too difficult to achieve. Instead, Eon turned to the Thunderball novel. Although Eon had wanted to adapt

8208-652: A second film in Munich, The Mountain Eagle (1926), based on an original story titled Fear o' God . The film is lost, and Hitchcock called it "a very bad movie". A year later, Hitchcock wrote and directed The Ring ; although the screenplay was credited solely to his name, Elliot Stannard assisted him with the writing. The Ring garnered positive reviews; the Bioscope critic called it "the most magnificent British film ever made". When he returned to England, Hitchcock

8424-480: A short film, An Elastic Affair (1930), featuring two Film Weekly scholarship winners. An Elastic Affair is one of the lost films. In 1933, Hitchcock signed a multi-film contract with Gaumont-British , once again working for Michael Balcon. His first film for the company, The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), was a success; his second, The 39 Steps (1935), was acclaimed in the UK, and gained him recognition in

8640-553: A small boat in the studio water tank. The locale posed problems for Hitchcock's traditional cameo appearance; it was solved by having Hitchcock's image appear in a newspaper that William Bendix is reading in the boat, showing the director in a before-and-after advertisement for "Reduco-Obesity Slayer". He told Truffaut in 1962: At the time, I was on a strenuous diet, painfully working my way from three hundred to two hundred pounds. So I decided to immortalize my loss and get my bit part by posing for "before" and "after" pictures. ... I

8856-566: A small boy as he reads a book on the London Underground . In the PBS series The Men Who Made The Movies , Hitchcock explained how he used early sound recording as a special element of the film to create tension, with a gossipy woman ( Phyllis Monkman ) stressing the word "knife" in her conversation with the woman suspected of murder. During this period, Hitchcock directed segments for a BIP revue , Elstree Calling (1930), and directed

Production of the James Bond films - Misplaced Pages Continue

9072-419: A suspicious tanker owned by Stromberg and establish it is responsible for the missing submarines; the submarine in which they are travelling is also captured by Stromberg. Stromberg plans to destroy Moscow and New York, triggering nuclear war, and to then establish a new civilisation. Bond escapes, freeing the submariners captured from the other submarines, and follows Stromberg to his headquarters, where he shoots

9288-494: A trade paper that Famous Players–Lasky , the production arm of Paramount Pictures , was opening a studio in London. They were planning to film The Sorrows of Satan by Marie Corelli , so he produced some drawings for the title cards and sent his work to the studio. They hired him, and in 1919 he began working for Islington Studios in Poole Street, Hoxton , as a title-card designer. Donald Spoto wrote that most of

9504-509: A volcano hideaway set for the main antagonist, Ernst Stavro Blofeld , at Pinewood for $ 1 million ($ 9.1 million in 2023 dollars); at the time it was the biggest film set in Europe. Gilbert, Broccoli, Saltzman, Ken Adam and director of photography Freddie Young then went to Japan, spending three weeks searching for locations. While in Tokyo, the crew crossed paths with Peter R. Hunt , who

9720-698: A wealthy woman who leads the Octopus cult. Bond finds out that Orlov has been supplying Khan with priceless Soviet treasures, replacing them with replicas, while Khan has been smuggling the real versions into the West via Octopussy's circus troupe. Bond infiltrates the circus and finds that Orlov replaced the Soviet treasures with a nuclear warhead primed to explode at a US Air Force base in West Germany . The explosion would trigger Europe into seeking disarmament, in

9936-508: Is a CIA agent. Bond travels to the Amazon looking for Drax's research facility, where he is captured. He and Goodhead pose as pilots on one of six space shuttles being sent by Drax to a hidden space station. There Bond finds out that Drax plans to destroy all human life by launching fifty globes containing the toxin into the Earth's atmosphere. Bond and Goodhead disable the radar jammer hiding

10152-513: Is employed by Milos Columbo, Kristatos' former organised crime partner. After Ferrara is murdered—and the evidence points to Columbo—Bond is captured by men working for Columbo. Columbo then explains that Locque was actually hired by Kristatos, who is working for the KGB to retrieve the ATAC. Bond and Melina recover the ATAC but are captured by Kristatos. They escape and follow Kristatos to Greece, where he

10368-495: Is hijacked by Goldfinger, but Bond struggles with him and shoots out a window, creating an explosive decompression, killing Goldfinger. Bond investigates the hijacking of an Avro Vulcan loaded with two atomic bombs, which had been taken by SPECTRE. The organisation demands a ransom for the return of the bombs. Bond follows a lead to the Bahamas, where he meets up with his CIA counterpart and friend Felix Leiter . The pair suspect

10584-461: Is killed and the ATAC is destroyed by Bond. Bond investigates the murder of 009, killed in East Berlin while dressed as a circus clown and carrying a fake Fabergé egg . An identical egg appears at auction and Bond establishes the buyer, exiled Afghan prince Kamal Khan, is working with Orlov, a renegade Soviet general, who is seeking to expand Soviet borders into Europe. Bond meets Octopussy,

10800-499: Is later killed by Goldfinger's Korean manservant and henchman Oddjob after Bond seduces her. Bond is then instructed to investigate Goldfinger's gold smuggling operation and he tails the dealer to Switzerland. Bond is captured when he reconnoitres Goldfinger's plant and is drugged unconscious; Goldfinger then transports Bond to his Kentucky stud farm where he holds Bond captive. Bond escapes briefly to witness Goldfinger's meeting with US mafiosi, observing secretly as Goldfinger presents to

11016-529: Is murdered shortly afterwards by Irma Bunt, Blofeld's partner. Bond (played by a returning Sean Connery ) is tasked with investigating a major diamond smuggling ring which begins in Africa and runs through Holland and the UK to the United States. Disguised as professional smuggler and murderer Peter Franks, Bond travels to Amsterdam to meet contact Tiffany Case : he is given the diamonds and travels on to

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11232-433: Is ordered to find out who hired Gonzales. While investigating, Bond is captured, but Gonzales is subsequently killed by Havelock's daughter Melina, and she and Bond escape. Bond identifies one of those present with Gonzales as Emile Leopold Locque and so follows a lead to Italy and meets his contact, Luigi Ferrara, and a well-connected Greek businessman and intelligence informant, Aris Kristatos. Kristatos tells Bond that Locque

11448-449: Is protecting the poppy fields by exploiting locals' fear of voodoo and the occult . Through his alter ego, Mr. Big, Kananga plans to distribute the heroin free of charge at his Fillet of Soul restaurants, which will increase the number of addicts. Bond is captured by Kananga, but he escapes, killing Kananga and destroying the poppy crop. After receiving a golden bullet with James Bond's code "007" etched into its surface M relieves Bond of

11664-468: Is sent to Japan to investigate the spacecraft theft and astronaut kidnapping in orbit of American Project Gemini spacecraft Jupiter 16 by an unidentified spacecraft. Upon his arrival, Bond is contacted by Aki , assistant to the Japanese secret service leader Tiger Tanaka. Bond established that the mastermind behind the hijacking is SPECTRE's Number One, Ernst Stavro Blofeld , in conjunction with Osato,

11880-426: Is sent to investigate the murder of three British MI6 agents, all of whom have been killed within 24 hours. The victims were all separately investigating the operations of Dr. Kananga, the dictator of a small Caribbean island, San Monique. Bond discovers that Kananga also acts as Mr. Big, a ruthless and cunning American gangster. Upon visiting San Monique, Bond determines that Kananga is producing two tons of heroin and

12096-477: Is shot, but Bond escapes from the facility as it explodes. Nine years later, Bond witnesses the theft by criminal organisation Janus of a prototype Eurocopter Tiger helicopter that can withstand an electromagnetic pulse . Janus uses the helicopter to steal the control disk for the dual GoldenEye satellite weapons, using the GoldenEye to destroy the complex with an electromagnetic pulse; there are two survivors of

12312-552: Is targeting Elektra King a second time and Bond is assigned to protect her; the pair are subsequently attacked. Bond visits Valentin Zukovsky and is informed that Elektra's head of security, Davidov, is in league with Renard: Bond kills Davidov and follows the trail to a Russian ICBM base in Kazakhstan. Posing as a Russian nuclear scientist, Bond meets American nuclear physicist Christmas Jones. The two witness Renard stealing

12528-642: Is unofficially given help by Q . Bond journeys to Sanchez's home in the Republic of Isthmus and is taken on to Sanchez's staff, where he manages to raise Sanchez's suspicions against a number of his employees. When Bond is taken to Sanchez's main base and drugs refinery, he is recognised by one of Sanchez's men and captured. He escapes, destroying the refinery in the process, and pursues Sanchez, killing him. In 1986, Bond (played by Pierce Brosnan ) and Alec Trevelyan —agent 006—infiltrate an illicit Soviet chemical weapons facility and plant explosive charges. Trevelyan

12744-477: The 13th Academy Awards ; the statuette was given to producer Selznick. Hitchcock received his first nomination for Best Director , his first of five such nominations. Hitchcock's second American film was the thriller Foreign Correspondent (1940), set in Europe, based on Vincent Sheean 's book Personal History (1935) and produced by Walter Wanger . It was nominated for Best Picture that year. Hitchcock felt uneasy living and working in Hollywood while Britain

12960-861: The British Film Institute 's greatest film ever made based on its world-wide poll of hundreds of film critics. As of 2021 , nine of his films had been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry , including his personal favourite, Shadow of a Doubt (1943). He received the BAFTA Fellowship in 1971, the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1979, and was knighted in December of that year, four months before his death on 29 April 1980. Alfred Joseph Hitchcock

13176-541: The British Intelligence (SIS) Station Chief in Jamaica, is killed. In response, British agent James Bond —also known as 007—is sent to Jamaica to investigate the circumstances. During his investigation Bond meets Quarrel, a Cayman fisherman, who had been working with Strangways around the nearby islands to collect mineral samples. One of the islands was Crab Key, home to the reclusive Dr. No . Bond visits

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13392-602: The Faithful Companions of Jesus . He then attended a primary school near his home and was for a short time a boarder at Salesian College in Battersea . The family moved again when Hitchcock was eleven, this time to Stepney , and on 5 October 1910 he was sent to St Ignatius College in Stamford Hill , a Jesuit grammar school with a reputation for discipline. As corporal punishment, the priests used

13608-507: The GPS locator card and a half quantity of weapons-grade plutonium from a bomb and set off an explosion, from which Bond and Jones escape. Elektra kidnaps M after she thinks Bond had been killed and Bond establishes that Elektra intends to create a nuclear explosion in a submarine in Istanbul to increase the value of her own oil pipeline. Bond frees M, kills Elektra and then disarms the bomb on

13824-472: The Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award . When Broccoli and Saltzman bought the rights to existing and future Fleming titles, the deal did not include Casino Royale , which had been sold to producer Gregory Ratoff for a television adaptation in 1954. After Ratoff's death, the rights passed to Charles K. Feldman , who subsequently produced the Bond spoof Casino Royale in 1967. A legal case ensured that

14040-817: The MacGuffin of the "Solex Agitator". While Live and Let Die had borrowed heavily from the blaxploitation genre, The Man with the Golden Gun borrowed from the martial arts genre that was popular in the 1970s. On 6 November 1973 filming commenced at the exterior location shots of RMS Queen Elizabeth , which acted as a top-secret MI6 base grounded in Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong. The major part of principal photography started in April 1974 in Thailand. Thai locations included Bangkok , Thonburi , Phuket and

14256-675: The Motion Picture Production Code at the time. In September 1940, the Hitchcocks bought the 200-acre (0.81 km ) Cornwall Ranch near Scotts Valley , California, in the Santa Cruz Mountains . Their primary residence was an English-style home in Bel Air , purchased in 1942. Hitchcock's films were diverse during this period, ranging from the romantic comedy Mr. & Mrs. Smith (1941) to

14472-444: The fictional chronology of Bond's life and work which the novels establish. Eon asked several directors— Bryan Forbes , Guy Green , Val Guest and Guy Hamilton —to helm the film, but all declined, before Terence Young agreed. Eon had originally hired Wolf Mankowitz and Richard Maibaum to write Dr. No ' s screenplay, partly because of Mankowitz's help in brokering the deal between Broccoli and Saltzman. An initial draft of

14688-525: The gun barrel motif that appears in all the Eon Bond films. Monty Norman wrote the accompanying soundtrack, which included the " James Bond Theme ", heard in the gun barrel sequence and in a calypso medley over the title credits; the theme was described by another Bond film composer, David Arnold , as "bebop-swing vibe coupled with that vicious, dark, distorted electric guitar, definitely an instrument of rock 'n' roll ... it represented everything about

14904-516: The $ 10.3 million it took to make You Only Live Twice . Principal photography began in the Canton of Bern , Switzerland, on 21 October 1968, with the first scene shot being an aerial view of Bond climbing the stairs of Blofeld's mountain retreat. The scenes were shot atop the now-famous revolving restaurant Piz Gloria , located atop the Schilthorn near the village of Mürren . The location

15120-425: The 1977 release, following the box office success of the 1977 space-themed film Star Wars . With a budget of $ 34 million Moonraker cost more than double any of the previous Bond films, although both Broccoli and United Artists agreed to the costs because of the profits from The Spy Who Loved Me . Lewis Gilbert was again appointed as director, and a number of the crew from The Spy Who Loved Me also joined

15336-430: The 1978 film Superman , although he was ultimately passed up for Richard Donner . Eon then turned to Lewis Gilbert, who had directed the earlier Bond film You Only Live Twice . Broccoli commissioned a number of writers to work on the script, including Stirling Silliphant , John Landis , Ronald Hardy , Anthony Burgess and Derek Marlowe , but Richard Maibaum drew up the first draft script, with some inclusions from

15552-460: The 88th Awards ), and to Billie Eilish and Finneas O'Connell for Original Song in No Time to Die ( at the 94th Awards ). Several other songs produced for the films have been nominated for Academy Awards for Original Song, including Paul McCartney 's " Live and Let Die ", Carly Simon 's " Nobody Does It Better ", and Sheena Easton 's " For Your Eyes Only ". In 1982, Albert R. Broccoli received

15768-507: The Big Producer. ... Producer was king. The most flattering thing Mr. Selznick ever said about me—and it shows you the amount of control—he said I was the 'only director' he'd 'trust with a film'." Hitchcock approached American cinema cautiously; his first American film was set in England in which the "Americanness" of the characters was incidental: Rebecca (1940) was set in a Hollywood version of England's Cornwall and based on

15984-446: The Bond novels, but his colleague Irving Allen was unenthusiastic. In June 1961 Fleming sold a six-month option on the film rights to his published and future James Bond novels and short stories to Harry Saltzman , with the exception of Casino Royale , which he had previously sold. Towards the end of Saltzman's option period, screenwriter Wolf Mankowitz introduced him to Broccoli, and Saltzman and Broccoli formed Eon Productions with

16200-652: The English screenwriter Alma Reville at the Brompton Oratory in South Kensington . The couple honeymooned in Paris, Lake Como and St. Moritz, before returning to London to live in a leased flat on the top two floors of 153 Cromwell Road , Kensington. Reville, who was born just hours after Hitchcock, converted from Protestantism to Catholicism, apparently at the insistence of Hitchcock's mother; she

16416-547: The Eon series, there have been three additional productions featuring Bond: an American television adaptation, Casino Royale (1954), produced by CBS ; a spoof, also titled Casino Royale (1967), produced by Charles K. Feldman ; and a remake of Thunderball titled Never Say Never Again (1983), produced by Jack Schwartzman , who had obtained the rights from McClory. In 1954 the American CBS television network paid Ian Fleming $ 1,000 ($ 11,346 in 2023 dollars) for

16632-634: The German firm Emelka at the Geiselgasteig studio near Munich. Reville, by then Hitchcock's fiancée, was assistant director-editor. Although the film was a commercial flop, Balcon liked Hitchcock's work; a Daily Express headline called him the "Young man with a master mind". In March 1926, the British film magazine Picturegoer ran an article entitled "Alfred the Great" by the film critic Cedric Belfrage , who praised Hitchcock for possessing "such

16848-485: The GoldenEye, concealing the theft and destroying Britain's economy. Bond and Simonova destroy the satellite facility, killing Trevelyan and Grishenko in the process. Bond investigates the sinking of a British warship in Chinese waters, the theft of one of the ship's cruise missiles , and the shooting down of a Chinese fighter plane. He uncovers a link to media mogul Elliot Carver which suggests that Carver had purchased

17064-481: The KGB, but has now gone rogue. Zorin unveils to a group of investors his plan to destroy Silicon Valley , which will give him a monopoly in the manufacturing of microchips. Bond uncovers Zorin's plan is to detonate explosives beneath the lakes along the Hayward and San Andreas faults, which will cause them to flood. A larger bomb in a mine will destroy a "geological lock" that prevents the two faults from moving at

17280-566: The London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar. In a book-length interview in 1962, he told François Truffaut that he had studied "mechanics, electricity, acoustics, and navigation". Then, on 12 December 1914, his father, who had been suffering from emphysema and kidney disease, died at the age of 52. To support himself and his mother — his older siblings had left home by then — Hitchcock took

17496-508: The London Fog (1927), helped to shape the thriller genre, and Blackmail (1929) was the first British " talkie ". His thrillers The 39 Steps (1935) and The Lady Vanishes (1938) are ranked among the greatest British films of the 20th century. By 1939, he had international recognition and producer David O. Selznick persuaded him to move to Hollywood. A string of successful films followed, including Rebecca (1940), Foreign Correspondent (1940), Suspicion (1941), Shadow of

17712-605: The MacGuffin is a stolen set of design plans. Hitchcock released two spy thrillers in 1936. Sabotage was loosely based on Joseph Conrad 's novel, The Secret Agent (1907), about a woman who discovers that her husband is a terrorist, and Secret Agent , based on two stories in Ashenden: Or the British Agent (1928) by W. Somerset Maugham . At this time, Hitchcock also became notorious for pranks against

17928-626: The Sun (1946). Notorious stars Bergman and Grant, both Hitchcock collaborators, and features a plot about Nazis, uranium and South America. His prescient use of uranium as a plot device led to him being briefly placed under surveillance by the Federal Bureau of Investigation . According to Patrick McGilligan, in or around March 1945, Hitchcock and Hecht consulted Robert Millikan of the California Institute of Technology about

18144-409: The UK. Upon its release, the trade journal Bioscope wrote: "It is possible that this film is the finest British production ever made". Hitchcock told Truffaut that the film was the first of his to be influenced by German Expressionism : "In truth, you might almost say that The Lodger was my first picture." In a strategy for self-publicity, The Lodger saw him make his first cameo appearance in

18360-596: The US, where he is met by Felix Leiter. Bond moves through the chain, which leads to the Whyte House, a casino-hotel owned by the reclusive billionaire Willard Whyte. Bond follows the diamonds to a pick-up by Bert Saxby, Whyte's head of security, and then onto a research laboratory owned by Whyte, where he finds that a satellite is being built by a laser refraction specialist, Professor Dr. Metz. Suspecting Whyte, Bond tries to confront him, but instead meets Blofeld, who captures

18576-449: The US. It also established the quintessential English "Hitchcock blonde" ( Madeleine Carroll ) as the template for his succession of ice-cold, elegant leading ladies. Screenwriter Robert Towne remarked: "It's not much of an exaggeration to say that all contemporary escapist entertainment begins with The 39 Steps ". John Buchan , author of The Thirty-Nine Steps on which the film is loosely based, met with Hitchcock on set, and attended

18792-520: The United Kingdom due to tax problems and suggested Marvin Hamlisch to score the film. Hamlisch composed " Nobody Does It Better " as the theme song; the score and the song were both nominated for Academy and Golden Globe Awards . Eon Productions had originally planned to follow The Spy Who Loved Me with an adaptation of For Your Eyes Only , although this plan changed within weeks of

19008-399: The actor "in the ways of being dapper, witty, and above all, cool". Filming took place on location in Jamaica between 16 January and 21 February 1962; five days later filming began at Pinewood Studios in England with sets designed by Ken Adam , who had previously worked with Broccoli on the 1960 film The Trials of Oscar Wilde . Maurice Binder created the title sequence and introduced

19224-435: The adaptation rights to all of Fleming's Bond novels , made all but two films in the film series. In 1961, producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman purchased the filming rights to Fleming's novels. They founded Eon Productions and, with financial backing by United Artists , produced Dr. No , directed by Terence Young and featuring Connery as Bond. Following its release in 1962, Broccoli and Saltzman created

19440-512: The advertising department, where he wrote copy and drew graphics for electric cable advertisements. He enjoyed the job and would stay late at the office to examine the proofs; he told Truffaut that this was his "first step toward cinema". He enjoyed watching films, especially American cinema, and from the age of 16 read the trade papers; he watched Charlie Chaplin , D. W. Griffith and Buster Keaton , and particularly liked Fritz Lang 's Der müde Tod (1921). While still at Henley's, he read in

19656-493: The aftermath, questions are raised over M's ability to run the Secret Service, and she becomes the subject of a government review over her handling of the situation. The Service itself is attacked, prompting Bond's return to London. His presence assists MI6's investigation in uncovering a lead, and Bond is sent to Shanghai and Macau in pursuit of a mercenary named Patrice. There, he establishes a connection to Raoul Silva ,

19872-413: The age of 93. Reville became her husband's closest collaborator; Charles Champlin wrote in 1982: "The Hitchcock touch had four hands, and two were Alma's." When Hitchcock accepted the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1979, he said that he wanted to mention "four people who have given me the most affection, appreciation and encouragement, and constant collaboration. The first of the four is a film editor,

20088-404: The agent and explains to him that the satellite can blow up nuclear missiles. Blofeld admits that he intends to auction it to the highest bidder. Bond escapes and frees the captive Whyte and they establish that Blofeld is using an offshore oil rig as his base. Bond attacks the rig, stopping Blofeld's operation and dispersing his organisation. James Bond (played by Roger Moore in his first outing)

20304-480: The attack, the programmers Natalya Simonova and Boris Grishenko. Bond investigates the attack and travels to Russia where he locates Simonova and learns that Trevelyan, who had faked his own death, was the head of Janus. Simonova tracks computer traffic to Cuba and she and Bond travel there and locate Trevelyan, who reveals his plan to steal money from the Bank of England before erasing all of its financial records with

20520-563: The beach from committing suicide by drowning, and later meets her again in a casino. Bond then receives information from Marc-Ange Draco, the head of the European crime syndicate Unione Corse and Tracy's father, about Blofeld's Swiss solicitor. Bond breaks into the solicitor's office and establishes Blofeld is corresponding with the London College of Arms . Posing as an emissary of the college, Bond meets Blofeld, who has established

20736-406: The belief that the bomb was an American one that was detonated by accident, leaving the West's borders open to Soviet invasion. Bond deactivates the warhead and then he returns to India, joining an assault on Khan's palace. Bond investigates millionaire industrialist Max Zorin , who is trying to corner the world market in microchips . He establishes that Zorin was previously trained and financed by

20952-480: The best man to play this part. We will, in our own way, try to continue the Bond series for the audience because it's too important". George Lazenby was signed on to play Bond for On Her Majesty's Secret Service . Between Sean Connery giving his notice at the beginning of filming You Only Live Twice and the release, Saltzman had planned to adapt The Man with the Golden Gun in Cambodia and use Roger Moore as

21168-577: The bleak film noir Shadow of a Doubt (1943). Suspicion (1941) marked Hitchcock's first film as a producer and director. It is set in England; Hitchcock used the north coast of Santa Cruz for the English coastline sequence. The film is the first of four in which Cary Grant was cast by Hitchcock, and it is one of the rare occasions that Grant plays a sinister character. Grant plays Johnnie Aysgarth, an English conman whose actions raise suspicion and anxiety in his shy young English wife, Lina McLaidlaw ( Joan Fontaine ). In one scene, Hitchcock placed

21384-446: The book in 1962, it had not been possible until the legal obstacles had been cleared. As a result of the settlement of the copyright infringement lawsuit brought by Kevin McClory, Eon negotiated with McClory to make Thunderball . McClory received the sole producer credit on the film, while Broccoli and Saltzman took the title Executive Producer, although "in reality all three men would essentially act as producers". Broccoli later said of

21600-462: The car chase and additional footage for Goldfinger's factory sequence. Filming wrapped on 11 July at Andermatt , after nineteen weeks of shooting. When writing his novels, Ian Fleming had always considered that they could be adapted for the cinema, and he approached producer Sir Alexander Korda to make a film adaptation of either Live and Let Die or Moonraker . Although Korda was initially interested, he later withdrew. On 1 October 1959, it

21816-501: The cast and crew. These jokes ranged from simple and innocent to crazy and maniacal. For instance, he hosted a dinner party where he dyed all the food blue because he claimed there weren't enough blue foods. He also had a horse delivered to the dressing room of his friend, actor Gerald du Maurier . Hitchcock followed up with Young and Innocent in 1937, a crime thriller based on the 1936 novel A Shilling for Candles by Josephine Tey . Starring Nova Pilbeam and Derrick De Marney ,

22032-441: The character you would want: It was cocky, swaggering, confident, dark, dangerous, suggestive, sexy, unstoppable. And he did it in two minutes". The theme was arranged by John Barry , who was uncredited for the arrangement but credited for his performance. After the financial success of Dr. No , United Artists doubled the budget offered to Eon Productions to $ 2 million for the company's next film, From Russia with Love . The film

22248-429: The city, the jazz funerals and the canals. While searching for locations in Jamaica, the crew discovered a crocodile farm owned by Ross Kananga, after passing a sign warning that "trespassers will be eaten". The farm was put into the script and also inspired Mankiewicz to name the film's villain after Kananga. With the rise of the popularity of blaxploitation films in the early 1970s, it was decided to borrow elements of

22464-481: The contractual obligations or thought the projects were repellent. However, producer David O. Selznick offered him a concrete proposal to make a film based on the sinking of RMS  Titanic , which was eventually shelved, but Selznick persuaded Hitchcock to come to Hollywood . In July 1938, Hitchcock flew to New York, and found that he was already a celebrity; he was featured in magazines and gave interviews to radio stations. In Hollywood, Hitchcock met Selznick for

22680-651: The countries through force. Bond disables the Icarus controls, kills Moon and stops the invasion. This serves as a reboot of the series, with Bond (played by Daniel Craig ) gaining his 00 status in the pre-credits sequence. Bond tracks down and kills a bomb-maker and takes his mobile phone. Searching through the phone, Bond discovers a text message which he traces to Alex Dimitrios, and then on to terrorist financier Le Chiffre , who short-sells stock in successful companies and then engineers terrorist attacks to sink their share prices. Bond foils Le Chiffre's plan to destroy

22896-415: The crew on average). Much of the film was shot in the cities of London, Paris, Venice, Palmdale, California , Port St. Lucie, Florida and Rio de Janeiro . Principal filming finished back in Paris on 27 February 1979, a 28-week schedule that had allowed Roger Moore only three days off. John Barry was again asked to score an Eon film. For Your Eyes Only marked a change in the production crew: John Glen

23112-592: The development of a uranium bomb. Selznick complained that the notion was "science fiction", only to be confronted by the news of the detonation of two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan in August 1945. Hitchcock formed an independent production company, Transatlantic Pictures , with his friend Sidney Bernstein . He made two films with Transatlantic, one of which was his first colour film. With Rope (1948), Hitchcock experimented with marshalling suspense in

23328-459: The dialogue between Contessa Teresa "Tracy" di Vicenzo and Blofeld in Piz Gloria , which was to be "sharper, better and more intellectual"; Raven's additions included rewriting the proposal scene and having Tracy quote James Elroy Flecker . Syd Cain took over from Ken Adam as production designer as Eon decided not to have Adam's larger sets to reduce the film's budget to $ 7 million, from

23544-401: The differences between tourists and locals. Describing himself as a well-behaved boy — his father called him his "little lamb without a spot" — Hitchcock said he could not remember ever having had a playmate. One of his favourite stories for interviewers was about his father sending him to the local police station with a note when he was five; the policeman looked at the note and locked him in

23760-410: The director aggressively promoting himself during this period. In a 1925 London Film Society meeting he declared directors were what mattered most in making films, with Donald Spoto writing that Hitchcock proclaimed, " We make a film succeed. The name of the director should be associated in the public's mind with a quality product. Actors come and go, but the name of the director should stay clearly in

23976-421: The drugs, Bond destroys them. Koskov is subsequently arrested by Pushkin, while Bond kills Whitaker. Bond aids Felix Leiter in the capture of drugs lord Franz Sanchez, who escapes and maims Leiter, killing Leiter's wife. Bond swears revenge, but is ordered to return to duty by M. Bond refuses, and M revokes his licence to kill , causing Bond to become a rogue agent. Although officially stripped of his status, Bond

24192-523: The film at least to end ambiguously, but the star was Ivor Novello , a matinée idol , and the " star system " meant that Novello could not be the villain. Hitchcock told Truffaut: "You have to clearly spell it out in big letters: 'He is innocent.'" (He had the same problem years later with Cary Grant in Suspicion (1941).) Released in January 1927, The Lodger was a commercial and critical success in

24408-540: The film rights to the novel Thunderball were held by Kevin McClory , as he, Fleming and scriptwriter Jack Whittingham had written a film script on which the novel was based. Although Eon Productions and McClory joined forces to produce Thunderball , McClory still retained the rights to the story and adapted Thunderball into 1983's non-Eon entry, Never Say Never Again . Distribution rights to both of those films are currently held by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures , which distributes Eon's regular series. Strangways,

24624-404: The film was Len Deighton , but he was replaced because of his slow progress. Two of the writers from Dr. No , Richard Maibaum and Johanna Harwood, were brought in, with Maibaum being given the sole writing credit and Harwood being credited for "adaptation". From Russia with Love is the first Bond film in the series with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer, although Lionel Bart wrote

24840-464: The film was relatively enjoyable for the cast and crew to make. To meet distribution purposes in America, the film's runtime was cut and this included removal of one of Hitchcock's favourite scenes: a children's tea party which becomes menacing to the protagonists. Hitchcock's next major success was The Lady Vanishes (1938), "one of the greatest train movies from the genre's golden era", according to Philip French , in which Miss Froy ( May Whitty ),

25056-524: The film's release on 12 June. The cinema posters for the film stated "Sean Connery IS James Bond", to distance the Eon-produced picture from the independent Casino Royale , which had been released two months earlier. However, during the production, Connery announced that it would be his last film as Bond, leaving Broccoli to tell Alan Whicker , "it won't be the last Bond under any circumstances—with all due respect to Sean, who I think has been certainly

25272-465: The firing of a British cruise missile at Beijing. They blow a hole in the ship, exposing it to radar, leading to its sinking and thus averting war between Britain and China. Bond recovers money for Sir Robert King, a British oil tycoon and friend of M, but the money is booby-trapped and kills King shortly afterwards. Bond traces the money to Renard, a KGB agent-turned-terrorist, who had previously kidnapped King's daughter Elektra . MI6 believes that Renard

25488-466: The first time. Selznick offered him a four-film contract, approximately $ 40,000 for each picture (equivalent to $ 870,000 in 2023). Selznick signed Hitchcock to a seven-year contract beginning in April 1939, and the Hitchcocks moved to Hollywood. The Hitchcocks lived in a spacious flat on Wilshire Boulevard , and slowly acclimatised themselves to the Los Angeles area. He and his wife Alma kept

25704-651: The former RMS  Queen Elizabeth and came up with the idea of using it as the base for MI6's Far East operations. Tom Mankiewicz wrote a first draft for the script in 1973, delivering a script that was a battle of wills between Bond and the primary villain Francisco Scaramanga , whom he saw as Bond's alter ego, "a super-villain of the stature of Bond himself". Tensions between Mankiewicz and Guy Hamilton led to Richard Maibaum taking over scripting duties. Maibaum, who had worked on six Bond films previously, delivered his own draft based on Mankiewicz's work. Broccoli's stepson Michael G. Wilson researched solar power to create

25920-563: The gangsters his plans to rob Fort Knox by using materials they have smuggled to him and later kills them to avoid paying his dues. Bond is recaptured after hearing the details of the operation, but he subsequently seduces Pussy Galore , Goldfinger's private pilot, and convinces her to inform the American authorities. Goldfinger's private army breaks into Fort Knox and accesses the vault, where Bond fights and kills Oddjob, while American troops battle with Goldfinger's army outside. Bond's plane

26136-572: The genre for Live and Let Die . Syd Cain returned as art director and was involved searching for locations with Guy Hamilton in March 1972. Principal photography began on 13 October 1972 in the Irish Bayou in Louisiana for a boat chase scene. On 29 November production moved to Jamaica , which doubled for the fictional island San Monique, the home of antagonist Kananga. In December, production

26352-416: The greatest director of screen melodramas in the world." The film was based on the novel The Wheel Spins (1936) written by Ethel Lina White , and starred Michael Redgrave (in his film debut) and Margaret Lockwood . By 1938, Hitchcock was aware that he had reached his peak in Britain. He had received numerous offers from producers in the United States, but he turned them all down because he disliked

26568-481: The hiatus of Goldfinger . Richard Maibaum's original script from 1961 was used as the basis of the script, which he then re-drafted, with further revisions by John Hopkins . Principal filming began in Paris on 16 February 1965, and moved to Nassau on 22 March, before concluding at Pinewood Studios in May. With worldwide box office earnings of $ 141.2 million Thunderball became the highest-grossing instalment and retained

26784-536: The high-profile premiere at the New Gallery Cinema in London. Upon viewing the film, the author said it had improved on the book. This film was one of the first to introduce the " MacGuffin " plot device, a term coined by the English screenwriter and Hitchcock collaborator Angus MacPhail . The MacGuffin is an item or goal the protagonist is pursuing, one that otherwise has no narrative value; in The 39 Steps ,

27000-626: The holding company Danjaq to ensure future productions in the James Bond film series . The Eon series currently has twenty-five films, with the most recent, No Time to Die , released in September 2021. With a combined gross of $ 7.8 billion to date, it is the fifth-highest-grossing film series in nominal terms. Adjusting for inflation, the series has earned over $ 19.2 billion in 2022 dollars from box-office receipts alone, with non-Eon entries pushing this inflation-adjusted figure to

27216-407: The intention of making the first Bond film. A number of Hollywood studios did not want to fund the films, finding them "too British" or "too blatantly sexual". Eventually the two signed a deal with United Artists for 100% financial backing and distribution of seven films, with financing of $ 1 million for the first feature. Saltzman and Broccoli also created the company Danjaq , which was to hold

27432-631: The interior of the villain Karl Stromberg 's supertanker, in March 1976 construction began of a new sound stage at Pinewood, the 007 Stage , which cost $ 1.8 million and became the largest stage in the world. In contrast to the volcano crater set Adam had built for You Only Live Twice in 1966—which Adam had called "a workable but ultimately wasteful set"—the 007 Stage would be a permanent structure that could be rented out to other productions. Secondary filming began in July 1976 at Baffin Island , where

27648-433: The interruption of McClory as producer, Albert Broccoli and Harry Saltzman returned to production once again. The first four Bond films had been popular in Japan, and Eon decided to take advantage of the market by producing You Only Live Twice . The film included progressive elements of Japanese culture as part of the background. Lewis Gilbert was appointed director and Ken Adam returned as production designer. Adam built

27864-466: The island, killing No and blowing up his compound in the process. SPECTRE's expert planner Kronsteen, known as "Number Five", upon order of the organisation's Number One, devises a plot to steal a Lektor cryptographic device from the Soviets and sell it back to them while exacting revenge on Bond for killing their agent Dr. No ; ex-SMERSH operative Rosa Klebb , SPECTRE's Number Three, is in charge of

28080-599: The island, where he meets a local shell diver, Honey Ryder . The three are attacked by No's men, who kill Quarrel using a flamethrowing armoured tractor; Bond and Honey are taken prisoner. Dr. No informs them he is a member of SPECTRE , the Special Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion, and he plans to disrupt the Project Mercury space launch from Cape Canaveral with his atomic-powered radio beam. Bond and Honey escape from

28296-417: The lead role of Bond, Sean Connery was not Broccoli or Fleming's first choice, but he was selected after Patrick McGoohan had turned down the role, and Eon had rejected Richard Johnson . After Connery was chosen, Terence Young took the actor to his tailor and hairdresser and introduced him to the high life, restaurants, casinos and women of London. In the words of Bond writer Raymond Benson , Young educated

28512-701: The liberation of Nazi concentration camps . The film was assembled in London and produced by Sidney Bernstein of the Ministry of Information, who brought Hitchcock (a friend of his) on board. It was originally intended to be broadcast to the Germans, but the British government deemed it too traumatic to be shown to a shocked post-war population. Instead, it was transferred in 1952 from the British War Office film vaults to London's Imperial War Museum and remained unreleased until 1985, when an edited version

28728-484: The main actors and in the production crews, with directors, writers, composers, production designers, and others employed through a number of films. From the release of Dr. No (1962) to For Your Eyes Only (1981), the films were distributed solely by United Artists. When Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer absorbed United Artists in 1981, MGM/UA Entertainment Co. was formed and distributed the films until 1995. MGM solely distributed three films from 1997 to 2002 after United Artists

28944-485: The manner that detonates its tear gas booby trap, allowing Bond to attack and kill him. Bond and Romanova escape with the Lektor to Venice. Rosa Klebb, disguised as a hotel maid, attempts to steal the Lektor and kill Bond, but ends up being shot by Romanova. Bond is ordered to observe bullion dealer Auric Goldfinger . He suspects Goldfinger of cheating at cards and foils his scheme by distracting his female accomplice, who

29160-408: The mind of the audience." Visually, it was extraordinarily imaginative for the time, most notably in the scene in which Hitchcock installed a glass floor so that he could show the lodger pacing up and down in his room from below, as though overheard by his landlady. — BFI entry for Hitchcock's first thriller, The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927) Hitchcock established himself as

29376-760: The mission. She recruits Donald "Red" Grant as an assassin and Tatiana Romanova , a cipher clerk at the Soviet consulate in Istanbul , as the unwitting bait. Bond travels to Turkey and meets Ali Kerim Bey, the MI6 officer in Turkey. Between them, they obtain the Lektor, and the three escape with the device on the Orient Express . However, they are followed by Grant, who kills Kerim Bey and a Soviet security officer. Grant pretends to be another British agent and meets Bond. Over dinner Grant drugs Romanova, then overcomes Bond. Bond tricks Grant into opening Bond's attaché case in

29592-679: The money and Bond is tortured. Le Chiffre is subsequently killed by Mr. White, a liaison between Le Chiffre and a number of his clients. Bond learns that his poker winnings were never repaid to the Treasury, which Lynd was supposed to have done, and establishes that she was a double agent. Bond pursues her and is attacked by members of White's organisation: he survives, but White takes the money and Lynd sacrifices herself to save Bond, as he later finds out from M. Bond subsequently finds and captures White. Along with M, Bond interrogates Mr. White regarding his organisation, Quantum . M's bodyguard, Mitchell,

29808-650: The music budget, George Martin , who had little experience of film scoring, was hired. The Man with the Golden Gun saw a change in location from the novel of the same name to put Bond in the Far East for the second time. After considering Beirut , where part of the film is set; Iran, where the location scouting was done but eventually discarded because of the Yom Kippur War ; and the Hạ Long Bay in Vietnam,

30024-541: The nearby Phang Nga Province , on the islands of Ko Khao Phing Kan ( Thai : เกาะเขาพิงกัน ) and Ko Tapu ( Thai : เกาะตะปู ). In late April production returned to Hong Kong and also shot in Macau . Production had to move to studio work in Pinewood Studios—which included sets such as Scaramanga's solar energy plant and island interior. John Barry returned to compose the score, but had only three weeks to complete

30240-533: The next Bond, but political instability meant the location was ruled out and Moore signed up for another series of The Saint . After You Only Live Twice was released in 1967, the producers once again picked the often delayed On Her Majesty's Secret Service , which had previously been considered to follow both Goldfinger and then Thunderball. Peter Hunt , who had worked on the five preceding films, had impressed Broccoli and Saltzman enough to earn his directorial debut as they believed his quick cutting had set

30456-610: The nickname "Nellie". His parents were both Roman Catholics with English and Irish ancestry. His father was a greengrocer, as his grandfather had been. There was a large extended family, including uncle John Hitchcock with his five-bedroom Victorian house on Campion Road in Putney , complete with a maid, cook, chauffeur, and gardener. Every summer, his uncle rented a seaside house for the family in Cliftonville , Kent. Hitchcock said that he first became class-conscious there, noticing

30672-540: The novel of Live and Let Die —the keelhauling —which was unused in that novel's adaptation, was inserted into the plot. List of James Bond films James Bond is a fictional character created by British novelist Ian Fleming in 1953. A British secret agent working for MI6 under the codename 007, Bond has been portrayed on film in twenty-seven productions by actors Sean Connery , David Niven , George Lazenby , Roger Moore , Timothy Dalton , Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig . Eon Productions , which now holds

30888-484: The number of the scene and the number of takes, and Hitchcock would often take the two numbers on the clapperboard and whisper the London tram route names. For example, if the clapperboard showed "Scene 23; Take 3", he would whisper " Woodford , Hampstead "—Woodford being the terminus of the route 23 tram, and Hampstead the end of route 3. Hitchcock told his parents that he wanted to be an engineer, and on 25 July 1913, he left St Ignatius and enrolled in night classes at

31104-682: The opening credit sequence, which featured clips of all three Bond films projected on actress Margaret Nolan 's body. Its design was inspired by seeing light projecting on people's bodies as they got up and left a cinema. Principal photography on Goldfinger started on 20 January 1964 in Miami, at the Fontainebleau Hotel ; the crew was small, consisting only of Hamilton, Broccoli, Adam and cinematographer Ted Moore . After five days in Florida, production moved to England. The primary location

31320-467: The plot premise of the Fleming source material, although the film retains the title, the Japanese setting, the use of Blofeld as the main villain and a Bond girl named Kissy Suzuki from the novel. Filming commenced at Pinewood on 4 July 1966 before moving out to Japan on 27 July for six weeks' filming. Local Japanese interest in the filming was high, and the crew had to contend with large crowds throughout

31536-601: The previous writers. When Lewis Gilbert was hired to direct, he brought with him Christopher Wood to revise Maibaum's draft. The draft Wood prepared was challenged in court by Kevin McClory, who alleged infringement based on the use of what he claimed were his rights in SPECTRE and the Blofeld character. Eon disputed McClory's claim but had Wood remove the organisation and character from the script. Ken Adam returned as production designer. As no studio stages were big enough for

31752-475: The price up. With help from Bolivian secret agent Camille Montes , Bond attacks the hotel where Greene and Medrano are finalising their plans and leaves Greene stranded in the desert with only a tin of engine oil to drink. Bond then finds Vesper's former lover and member of Quantum, Yusef Kabira, bringing him to justice. After an operation in Istanbul ends in disaster, Bond is missing and presumed to be dead. In

31968-414: The process. Connery, however, was somewhat resigned to the project, lacking the enthusiasm he sported for Thunderball . A press conference on his arrival had been tense, "soured by aggressive questioning of Connery's crumpled, jet-lagged appearance". Primary and secondary photography finished in December; the special effects filming for the space scenes were undertaken between January and March 1967, prior to

32184-521: The production team chose Thailand as a primary location, following a suggestion of production designer Peter Murton after he saw pictures of the Phuket bay in a magazine. Saltzman was happy with the choice of the Far East for the setting as he had always wanted to go on location in Thailand and Hong Kong. During the reconnaissance of locations in Hong Kong, Broccoli saw the partially submerged wreckage of

32400-533: The production. Gilbert and Tom Mankiewicz wrote the initial story, but Christopher Wood turned this into the final screenplay. Many of the script ideas came about as a result of location scouting, with Iguazu Falls being identified as a filming location while Broccoli was in Brazil for the release of The Spy Who Loved Me . Unlike previous Bond films, the production of Moonraker was not based at Pinewood, as Broccoli moved it to Paris for financial reasons, although

32616-468: The prototype Skyfleet airliner, which forces Le Chiffre to set up a high-stakes poker tournament at the Casino Royale to recoup his fortune. Bond is instructed to beat Le Chiffre and is aided by a member of HM Treasury , Vesper Lynd . Bond beats Le Chiffre at the poker table, but Lynd is kidnapped by Le Chiffre after the game, as is Bond, who is captured while pursuing them; Lynd is ransomed for

32832-426: The record until it was surpassed by The Spy Who Loved Me twelve years later; adjusted for inflation it remained the most successful entry until Skyfall was released in 2012. As part of the contract with Eon, McClory received 20% of the film's profits and undertook not to produce any other films based on the Thunderball story for a period of ten years following the release of the Eon-produced version in 1965. After

33048-439: The release of Spectre . In 2017, MGM and Eon offered a one-film contract to co-finance and distribute the 25th film worldwide, which was reported in May 2018 to have been won by Universal Pictures . The 25th film, No Time to Die , was the first and only in the franchise to be distributed by United Artists Releasing , a joint venture of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Annapurna Pictures, prior to its folding in 2023. Independently of

33264-538: The required age of 18 in 1917, he received a C3 classification ("free from serious organic disease, able to stand service conditions in garrisons at home ... only suitable for sedentary work"). He joined a cadet regiment of the Royal Engineers and took part in theoretical briefings, weekend drills and exercises. John Russell Taylor wrote that, in one session of practical exercises in Hyde Park , Hitchcock

33480-459: The rest of my life — Alfred Hitchcock (1967) Hitchcock returned to the UK for an extended visit in late 1943 and early 1944. While there he made two short propaganda films , Bon Voyage (1944) and Aventure Malgache (1944), for the Ministry of Information . In June and July 1945, Hitchcock served as "treatment advisor" on a Holocaust documentary that used Allied Forces footage of

33696-557: The restriction of a one-hour play, the adapted version lost many of the details found in the book, although it retained its violence, particularly in Act III. The hour-long " Casino Royale " episode, which starred American actor Barry Nelson as Bond and Peter Lorre as the villain Le Chiffre , aired on 21 October 1954 as a live production. In 1959 producer Albert R. "Cubby" Broccoli at Warwick Films expressed interest in adapting

33912-515: The rights to the films which Eon Productions was to produce. Eon had originally intended to film Fleming's novel Thunderball first, but Kevin McClory took Fleming to the High Court in London for breach of copyright over the book , and so Eon decided to film Dr. No first. From the outset, the order in which Eon produced its Bond films differed considerably from the publication sequence of Fleming's Bond novels , and therefore also from

34128-399: The rights to turn his first novel, Casino Royale , into a one-hour television adventure as part of the dramatic anthology series Climax Mystery Theater , which ran between October 1954 and June 1958. It was adapted for the screen by Anthony Ellis and Charles Bennett ; Bennett was well known for his collaborations with Alfred Hitchcock , including The 39 Steps and Sabotage . Due to

34344-462: The safe-house and Bond is ordered to kill Pushkin. Bond tracks down Milovy and establishes she is Koskov's girlfriend and that the defection was staged. He subsequently finds out that Koskov is a friend of the arms dealer Brad Whitaker . After meeting Pushkin and faking his assassination, Bond investigates a scheme by Koskov and Whitaker to embezzle KGB funds and use them to purchase diamonds, which they then use to purchase drugs. After Koskov purchases

34560-423: The same time. Bond destroys the bomb, and subsequently kills Zorin. Bond (played by Timothy Dalton ) aids the defection of KGB officer General Georgi Koskov, by wounding a female KGB sniper, Kara Milovy, a cellist. During his debriefing Koskov alleges that the KGB's old policy of Smiert Spionam , meaning Death to Spies , has been revived by General Leonid Pushkin, its new head. Koskov is subsequently abducted from

34776-485: The scenes for the cable car interiors and space battle exteriors were filmed at Pinewood, with the special effects team of Derek Meddings active in the UK throughout production. Principal photography began on 11 August 1978 in Paris. The sets designed by returning production designer Ken Adam were the largest ever constructed in France and required more than 222,000 man-hours to construct (approximately 1,000 hours by each of

34992-516: The screenplay to emphasise Moore's persona by giving him more comedy scenes and creating a light-hearted feel to Bond. Guy Hamilton was again chosen to direct, and Mankiewicz suggested they film in New Orleans, as he knew Hamilton was a jazz fan. Hamilton didn't want to use Mardi Gras , as Thunderball featured Junkanoo , a similar festival, so after more discussions with the writer and further scouting, he decided to use two well-known features of

35208-400: The screenplay was rejected because the scriptwriters had made the villain, Dr. No, a monkey, and Mankowitz left the film. Maibaum then undertook a second version, more closely in line with the novel; Johanna Harwood and Berkely Mather then worked on Maibaum's script, with Harwood in particular being described as a script doctor credited with improving the British characterisations. To play

35424-516: The script, although Paul Dehn was later introduced for rewrites. After missing From Russia with Love , Ken Adam returned as production designer. Adam's imagination provided the idea of gold stacked upon gold behind iron bars for the scenes in the United States Bullion Depository . Saltzman disliked the design's resemblance to a prison, but Hamilton liked it enough that it was built. Robert Brownjohn returned to develop

35640-505: The second is a scriptwriter, the third is the mother of my daughter, Pat, and the fourth is as fine a cook as ever performed miracles in a domestic kitchen. And their names are Alma Reville." Reville wrote or co-wrote on many of Hitchcock's films, including Shadow of a Doubt , Suspicion and The 39 Steps . Hitchcock began work on his tenth film, Blackmail (1929), when its production company, British International Pictures (BIP), converted its Elstree studios to sound . The film

35856-476: The short-lived technique of long takes, but to a more limited extent. He again used Technicolor in this production, then returned to black-and-white for several years. Transatlantic Pictures became inactive after the last two films. Hitchcock filmed Stage Fright (1950) at Elstree Studios in England, where he had worked during his British International Pictures contract many years before. He paired one of Warner Bros. ' most popular stars, Jane Wyman , with

36072-521: The ski jump for the opening credits was filmed. Principal filming commenced in Sardinia in August 1976, moving on to Egypt shortly afterwards. Further filming took place in Sardinia, Malta, Japan, Switzerland and the Faslane submarine base. On 5 December 1976, with principal photography finished, the 007 Stage was formally opened by the former Prime Minister Harold Wilson . John Barry could not work in

36288-659: The south of France; principal photography finished 13 August 1971. While filming Diamonds Are Forever , Live and Let Die was chosen as the next Ian Fleming novel to be adapted because screenwriter Tom Mankiewicz thought it would be daring to use black villains, as the Black Panthers and other racial movements were active at that time. The new Bond actor selected by Eon was Roger Moore , and he tried not to imitate either his predecessor Sean Connery or his own performance as Simon Templar in The Saint ; Mankiewicz adapted

36504-515: The staff were Americans with strict job specifications, but the English workers were encouraged to try their hand at anything, which meant that Hitchcock gained experience as a co-writer, art director and production manager on at least 18 silent films. The Times wrote in February 1922 about the studio's "special art title department under the supervision of Mr. A. J. Hitchcock". His work included Number 13 (1922), also known as Mrs. Peabody; it

36720-474: The station from Earth and the US sends a platoon of Marines in a military space shuttle . During the battle, Bond kills Drax and his station is destroyed. After a British spy boat sinks, a marine archaeologist, Sir Timothy Havelock, is tasked to retrieve its Automatic Targeting Attack Communicator (ATAC) communication system before the Russians do. After Havelock is murdered by Gonzales, a Cuban hit-man, Bond

36936-566: The story for his novel Thunderball (1961), and McClory failed to have its publication stopped. On 19 November 1963 he took the matter to the Chancery Division of the High Court in the case of McClory v Fleming, but settled on 9 December 1963, after nine days in court. McClory gained the literary and film rights for the screenplay, while Fleming was given the rights to the novel, although it had to be recognised as being "based on

37152-424: The style for the series; it was also the result of a long-standing promise from Broccoli and Saltzman for the opportunity to direct. Hunt also asked for the position during the production of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang , and he brought along with him many crew members, including cinematographer Michael Reed . Hunt was focused on putting his mark, saying, "I wanted it to be different than any other Bond film would be. It

37368-502: The submarine, where he kills Renard. Bond investigates North Korean Colonel Tan-Sun Moon, who is illegally trading African conflict diamonds for weapons. Moon is apparently killed and Bond is captured and tortured for 14 months, after which he is exchanged for Zao, Moon's assistant. Despite being suspended on his return, he decides to complete his mission and tracks down Zao to a gene therapy clinic, where patients can have their appearances altered through DNA restructuring. Zao escapes, but

37584-551: The television anthology Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1955–65). His films garnered 46 Academy Award nominations, including six wins, although he never won the award for Best Director , despite five nominations. Hitchcock initially trained as a technical clerk and copywriter before entering the film industry in 1919 as a title card designer. His directorial debut was the British–German silent film The Pleasure Garden (1925). His first successful film, The Lodger: A Story of

37800-488: The third film, with the American cinema market in mind. Because Terence Young was refused a share of the profits, he declined to direct Goldfinger and worked on The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders instead, although he had done some pre-production work before he left. In his place, Eon turned to Guy Hamilton to direct; he was keen to inject elements of humour into the series, have more gadgets and build bigger and more elegant sets. Eon again turned to Richard Maibaum for

38016-407: The three-way partnership that "We didn't want anyone else to make Thunderball  ... We had the feeling that if anyone else came in and made their own Bond film, it would have been bad for our series". Guy Hamilton was asked to direct again, but declined feeling that he was "drained of ideas ... I had nothing to contribute until I'd recharged batteries"; Terence Young returned to direct after

38232-463: The title song "From Russia with Love", sung by Matt Monro . Principal photography began on 1 April 1963 and concluded on 23 August. Filming took place in Turkey, Pinewood Studios and Venice, with Scotland and Switzerland doubling for the Orient Express journey through Eastern Europe . While the previous two films had concentrated on the Caribbean and Europe, Goldfinger was chosen by Eon for

38448-599: The trail leads to British billionaire Gustav Graves. Graves unveils a mirror satellite, "Icarus", which is able to focus solar energy on a small area and provide year-round sunshine for crop development. Bond discovers that Moon has also undergone the gene therapy and has assumed the identity of Graves. Bond then exposes Moon's plan: to use the Icarus as a sun gun to cut a path through the Korean Demilitarized Zone with concentrated sunlight, allowing North Korean troops to invade South Korea and reunite

38664-500: The two men fight and Bond kills the assassin. Bond is tasked with investigating the disappearance of British and Soviet ballistic missile submarines and the subsequent offer to sell a submarine tracking system. Bond works alongside Major Anya Amasova of the KGB . The pair track the plans across Egypt and identify the person responsible for the thefts as shipping tycoon, scientist and anarchist Karl Stromberg . Bond and Amasova follow

38880-430: The tycoon and a torpedo destroys the base. A Drax Industries Moonraker space shuttle on loan is hijacked and Bond is ordered to investigate. Bond meets the owner of the company, Hugo Drax and one of Drax's scientists, Dr. Holly Goodhead. Bond follows the trail to Venice, where he establishes that Drax is manufacturing a nerve gas deadly to humans, but harmless to animals. Bond again meets Goodhead and finds out that she

39096-505: The water for a scene because she was on her period ; budget overruns meant that he had to borrow money from the actors. Hitchcock also needed a translator to give instructions to the cast and crew. In Germany, Hitchcock observed the nuances of German cinema and filmmaking which had a big influence on him. When he was not working, he would visit Berlin's art galleries, concerts and museums. He would also meet with actors, writers and producers to build connections. Balcon asked him to direct

39312-539: The work, and the theme tune and score are generally considered by critics to be among the weakest of Barry's contributions to the series—an opinion shared by Barry himself: "It's the one I hate most ... it just never happened for me". Following The Man with the Golden Gun , producer Harry Saltzman sold his 50% stake in Eon Productions' parent company, Danjaq, to United Artists to alleviate his financial problems, brought about by financial constraints following

39528-415: Was geography and he became interested in maps and the timetables of trains, trams and buses; according to John Russell Taylor , he could recite all the stops on the Orient Express . He had a particular interest in London trams . An overwhelming majority of his films include rail or tram scenes, in particular The Lady Vanishes , Strangers on a Train and Number Seventeen . A clapperboard shows

39744-439: Was Pinewood Studios, home to sets including a recreation of the Fontainebleau, the South American city of the pre-title sequence, and both Goldfinger's estate and factory. Ian Fleming visited the set of Goldfinger in April 1964; he died in August, shortly before the film's release. The second unit filmed in Kentucky, and these shots were edited into scenes filmed at Pinewood. Principal photography then moved to Switzerland for

39960-441: Was an English film director. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of cinema. In a career spanning six decades, he directed over 50 feature films, many of which are still widely watched and studied today. Known as the " Master of Suspense ", Hitchcock became as well known as any of his actors thanks to his many interviews, his cameo appearances in most of his films, and his hosting and producing

40176-427: Was announced that Fleming would write an original film script featuring Bond for producer Kevin McClory. Jack Whittingham also worked on the script, culminating in a screenplay entitled James Bond, Secret Agent . However, Alfred Hitchcock and Richard Burton turned down roles as director and star, respectively. McClory was unable to secure the financing for the film, and the deal fell through. Fleming subsequently used

40392-409: Was at war ; his concern resulted in a film that overtly supported the British war effort. Filmed in 1939, it was inspired by the rapidly changing events in Europe, as covered by an American newspaper reporter played by Joel McCrea . By mixing footage of European scenes with scenes filmed on a Hollywood backlot , the film avoided direct references to Nazism , Nazi Germany and Germans, to comply with

40608-426: Was baptised on 31 May 1927 and confirmed at Westminster Cathedral by Cardinal Francis Bourne on 5 June. In 1928, when they learned that Reville was pregnant, the Hitchcocks purchased "Winter's Grace", a Tudor farmhouse set in eleven acres on Stroud Lane, Shamley Green , Surrey, for £2,500. Their daughter and only child, Patricia (Pat) Alma Hitchcock , was born on 7 July that year. Pat died on 9 August 2021 at

40824-496: Was born on 13 August 1899 in the flat above his parents' leased greengrocer 's shop at 517 High Road in Leytonstone , which was then part of Essex (now on the outskirts of east London ). He was the son of greengrocer and poulterer, William Edgar Hitchcock (1862–1914) and Emma Jane (née Whelan; 1863–1942). The household was "characterised by an atmosphere of discipline". He had an older brother named William John (1888–1943) and an older sister named Ellen Kathleen (1892–1979) who used

41040-405: Was broadcast as an episode of PBS Frontline , under the title the Imperial War Museum had given it: Memory of the Camps . The full-length version of the film, German Concentration Camps Factual Survey , was restored in 2014 by scholars at the Imperial War Museum. Hitchcock worked for David Selznick again when he directed Spellbound (1945), which explores psychoanalysis and features

41256-404: Was cancelled because of financial problems - the few finished scenes are lost — and Always Tell Your Wife (1923), which he and Seymour Hicks finished together when Hicks was about to give up on it. Hicks wrote later about being helped by "a fat youth who was in charge of the property room ... [n]one other than Alfred Hitchcock". When Paramount pulled out of London in 1922, Hitchcock

41472-525: Was deliberately enrolled as a ten-year-old because he was a year behind with his schooling. While biographer Gene Adair reports that Hitchcock was "an average, or slightly above-average, pupil", Hitchcock said that he was "usually among the four or five at the top of the class"; at the end of his first year, his work in Latin, English, French and religious education was noted. He told Peter Bogdanovich : "The Jesuits taught me organisation, control and, to some degree, analysis." Hitchcock's favourite subject

41688-406: Was divided between interiors in Pinewood Studios, while a separate unit also shot in Harlem. John Barry, who had worked on the previous five films, was unavailable during production. Broccoli and Saltzman instead asked Paul McCartney to write the theme song. Since McCartney's salary of $ 15,000 (plus royalties) was high and another composer of Barry's stature could not be hired with the remainder of

41904-399: Was flamboyant. Eventually, Selznick generously lent Hitchcock to the larger film studios. Selznick made only a few films each year, as did fellow independent producer Samuel Goldwyn , so he did not always have projects for Hitchcock to direct. Goldwyn had also negotiated with Hitchcock on a possible contract, only to be outbid by Selznick. In a later interview, Hitchcock said: "[Selznick] was

42120-488: Was found by production manager Hubert Fröhlich after three weeks of location scouting in France and Switzerland. The Swiss filming ended up running 56 days over schedule. In March 1969 production moved to England, with London's Pinewood Studios being used for interior shooting, and M's house being shot in Marlow, Buckinghamshire . In April the filmmakers went to Portugal, where principal photography wrapped in May. Filming finished on 23 June, two months later than planned, which

42336-418: Was hard to maintain; Donald Spoto wrote that his weight fluctuated considerably over the next 40 years. At the end of 1943, despite the weight loss, the Occidental Insurance Company of Los Angeles refused his application for life insurance. I felt the need to make a little contribution to the war effort, and I was both overweight and over-age for military service. I knew that if I did nothing, I'd regret it for

42552-611: Was hired as an assistant director by a new firm run in the same location by Michael Balcon , later known as Gainsborough Pictures . Hitchcock worked on Woman to Woman (1923) with the director Graham Cutts , designing the set, writing the script and producing. He said: "It was the first film that I had really got my hands onto." The editor and "script girl" on Woman to Woman was Alma Reville , his future wife. He also worked as an assistant to Cutts on The White Shadow (1924), The Passionate Adventure (1924), The Blackguard (1925) and The Prude's Fall (1925). The Blackguard

42768-530: Was hired to undertake re-writes, which included removing Goldfinger's brother and the Lake Mead finale. Filming began on 5 April 1971 with the desert near Las Vegas doubling for the South African scenes, followed by filming in the Great Basin Desert , Nevada in May for scenes in which Bond drives a moon buggy. On 7 June production moved to Pinewood Studios for filming at sets of the returning Ken Adam; his sets spread through four of Pinewood's stages. Filming also took place in London, Dover, Southampton, Amsterdam and

42984-410: Was joined by his stepson Michael G. Wilson as producer and in 1995 Broccoli stepped aside from Eon and was replaced by his daughter Barbara , who has co-produced with Wilson since. Broccoli's (and until 1975, Saltzman's) family company, Danjaq , has held ownership of the series through Eon, and maintained co-ownership with United Artists since the mid-1970s. The Eon series has seen continuity both in

43200-441: Was largely due to the warm Swiss winter, which had hampered shooting. Midway through production, acting on advice from his agent Ronan O'Rahilly , George Lazenby announced that he was not going to continue as Bond in future films, and he left the role before the December 1969 release of On Her Majesty's Secret Service . Although Eon secured the services of John Gavin to play the role of Bond, United Artists' chief David Picker

43416-411: Was later adapted by the composer into Rozsa's Piano Concerto Op. 31 (1967) for piano and orchestra. The spy film Notorious followed next in 1946. Hitchcock told François Truffaut that Selznick sold him, Ingrid Bergman, Cary Grant and Ben Hecht 's screenplay, to RKO Radio Pictures as a "package" for $ 500,000 (equivalent to $ 7.8 million in 2023) because of cost overruns on Selznick's Duel in

43632-401: Was literally submerged by letters from fat people who wanted to know where and how they could get Reduco. Hitchcock's typical dinner before his weight loss had been a roast chicken, boiled ham, potatoes, bread, vegetables, relishes, salad, dessert, a bottle of wine and some brandy. To lose weight, his diet consisted of black coffee for breakfast and lunch, and steak and salad for dinner, but it

43848-411: Was my film, not anyone else's". On Her Majesty's Secret Service was the last film on which Hunt worked in the series. Screenwriter Richard Maibaum, who worked on the first four Bond films, returned as script writer. Saltzman and Broccoli decided to drop the science fiction gadgets from the earlier films and focus more on plot as in From Russia With Love . Peter Hunt asked Simon Raven to write some of

44064-425: Was often unhappy about Selznick's creative control and interference over his films. Selznick was also displeased with Hitchcock's method of shooting just what was in the script, and nothing more, which meant that the film could not be cut and remade differently at a later time. As well as complaining about Hitchcock's "goddamn jigsaw cutting", their personalities were mismatched: Hitchcock was reserved whereas Selznick

44280-411: Was on holiday. Hunt had edited the first four Bond films, and he was invited to direct the second unit. The total budget for the film was $ 10.3 million ($ 94.1 million in 2023 dollars). Initially the screenwriter was to be Harold Jack Bloom , although he was later replaced by Roald Dahl , who had little previous screenwriting experience. You Only Live Twice was the first Bond film to jettison

44496-445: Was once again the scriptwriter for the story, assisted by Michael G. Wilson. According to Wilson, the ideas could have come from anyone as a committee that could include Broccoli, Maibaum, Wilson, Glen and stunt coordinators worked on the outlines. Much of the inspiration for the stories for the film came from two Fleming short stories from the collection For Your Eyes Only : " Risico " and " For Your Eyes Only ". Another set-piece from

44712-408: Was one of the early members of the London Film Society, newly formed in 1925. Through the Society, he became fascinated by the work by Soviet filmmakers: Dziga Vertov , Lev Kuleshov , Sergei Eisenstein and Vsevolod Pudovkin . He would also socialise with fellow English filmmakers Ivor Montagu , Adrian Brunel and Walter Mycroft . Hitchcock recognised the value in cultivating his own brand, with

44928-415: Was produced at the Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam, where Hitchcock watched part of the making of F. W. Murnau 's The Last Laugh (1924). He was impressed with Murnau's work, and later used many of his techniques for the set design in his own productions. In the summer of 1925, Balcon asked Hitchcock to direct The Pleasure Garden (1925), starring Virginia Valli , a co-production of Gainsborough and

45144-438: Was promoted from his duties as a film editor to director, a position he would occupy for the next four films. Since Ken Adam was busy with the film Pennies from Heaven , Peter Lamont , who had worked in the art department since Goldfinger , was promoted to production designer. Following a suggestion from Glen, Lamont created realistic sets, instead of the elaborate scenery for which the series had been known. Richard Maibaum

45360-410: Was required to wear puttees . He could never master wrapping them around his legs, and they repeatedly fell down around his ankles. After the war, Hitchcock took an interest in creative writing. In June 1919, he became a founding editor and business manager of Henley's in-house publication, The Henley Telegraph (sixpence a copy), to which he submitted several short stories. Henley's promoted him to

45576-436: Was retired as a mainstream studio. From 2006 to 2015, MGM and Columbia Pictures co-distributed the film series, following the 2004 acquisition of MGM by a consortium led by Columbia's parent company, Sony Pictures . In November 2010, MGM filed for bankruptcy. Following its emergence from insolvency, Columbia became co-production partner of the series with Eon. Sony's distribution rights to the franchise expired in late 2015 with

45792-448: Was severely ill; she died on 26 September 1942 at age 79. Hitchcock never spoke publicly about his mother, but his assistant said that he admired her. Four months later, on 4 January 1943, his brother William died of an overdose at age 52. Hitchcock was not very close to William, but his death made Hitchcock conscious about his own eating and drinking habits. He was overweight and suffering from back aches. His New Year's resolution in 1943

46008-399: Was shot in Europe, which had turned out to be the more profitable market for Dr. No . Most of the crew from the first film returned, with major exceptions being production designer Ken Adam—who went to work on Dr. Strangelove and was replaced by Dr. No ' s art director Syd Cain —and title designer Maurice Binder, who was replaced by Robert Brownjohn . The original screenwriter for

46224-499: Was the first British " talkie "; this followed the rapid development of sound films in the United States, from the use of brief sound segments in The Jazz Singer (1927) to the first full sound feature Lights of New York (1928). Blackmail began the Hitchcock tradition of using famous landmarks as a backdrop for suspense sequences, with the climax taking place on the dome of the British Museum . It also features one of his longest cameo appearances, which shows him being bothered by

46440-491: Was to take his diet seriously with the help of a physician. In January that year, Shadow of a Doubt was released, which Hitchcock had fond memories of making. In the film, Charlotte "Charlie" Newton ( Teresa Wright ) suspects her beloved uncle Charlie Oakley ( Joseph Cotten ) of being a serial killer. Hitchcock filmed extensively on location, this time in the Northern California city of Santa Rosa . At 20th Century Fox , Hitchcock approached John Steinbeck with an idea for

46656-454: Was unhappy with this decision and instructed associate producer Stanley Sopel to broker a deal with Connery which saw the actor being paid $ 1.25 million ($ 12 million in 2023 dollars) and 12.5% of the gross. Connery's salary took a significant part of the $ 7.2 million budget. The producers had originally intended to have Diamonds Are Forever re-create commercially successful aspects of Goldfinger , so they hired director Guy Hamilton as

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