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86-442: Initially, the organization directed the women to male doctors. After a few years, however, they learned that one of their most-used doctors had lied about having medical credentials. This created a conflict in the group, causing some members to leave. Others realized that if a man without medical credentials could perform a safe abortion, then they could learn as well. A few of their number learned how to perform surgical abortions, with

172-422: A D&C is to place a speculum in the vagina so as to see the cervix. Often, a tenaculum is placed to steady the cervix. Next, the provider will dilate the cervix . This can be done with Hegar or similar dilators. The amount of dilation depends on the amount of tissue to be removed as well as the size of the instruments to be used. After sufficient dilation, a curette, a metal rod with a handle on one end and

258-418: A D&C may be indicated to remove retained placental tissue that does not pass spontaneously or for postpartum hemorrhage. D&Cs for non-pregnant patients are commonly performed in tandem with Hysteroscopy another diagnostic procedure, for the diagnosis of gynecological conditions usually involving abnormal bleeding; during menopause or with various abnormal structures growing within the uterus to remove

344-503: A botched procedure. In 1965, University of Chicago student Heather Booth learned that her friend's sister had an unwanted pregnancy that left her distraught and nearly suicidal. Booth had previously not given much thought to abortion access; her exposure to the experience of an unwanted pregnancy led her to consider abortion restrictions as unjust laws, saying, "in the face of an unjust law, you need to take action to challenge it". To seek assistance for her friend's sister, Booth contacted

430-406: A digital repository made available by Chicago Collections archives, libraries and other cultural institutions in the city. Until the middle of the twentieth century, Hyde Park remained an almost exclusively white neighborhood (despite its proximity to Chicago's Black Belt ). Hyde Parkers relied on racially restrictive covenants to keep African Americans out of the neighborhood. At the time,

516-488: A limited skill, however, with only about four members trained to perform surgical abortions. Members took over performing abortions, which enabled them to drop the price from $ 500–600 to $ 100. However, they accepted whatever amount a client was able to pay. The Jane Collective learned how to perform pap smears and found a laboratory to read the results for $ 4. The drop in prices resulted in more low-income clients, as well as more black clients. One black woman, Lois, criticized

602-408: A loop on the other, is then inserted into the uterus through the dilated cervix. The curette is used to gently scrape the lining of the uterus and remove the tissue in the uterus. If a suction curette is used, as in a vacuum aspiration , a plastic tubular curette will be introduced into the uterus and connected to suction to remove all tissue in the uterus. This tissue is examined for completeness (in

688-885: A maximum prison sentence of 110 years. Their attorney was able to delay court proceedings in anticipation of the Supreme Court 's decision on Roe v. Wade . As the attorney hoped, the Court's decision in Roe in 1973 struck down many abortion restrictions in the US, and the charges against the Jane Collective members were dropped. As women now had access to legal abortion, the Collective disbanded shortly afterwards. While their abortions sometimes resulted in complications, none of their clients were known to die from their abortions. By

774-423: A member of the Collective, who would schedule a meeting to discuss the procedure. The Jane Collective had patients referred to them by medical professionals, which annoyed them, as the doctors were almost always unwilling to provide any assistance. If the woman decided to proceed with the abortion, she was given the address of "The Front". "The Front" was one of the many apartments that the Collective rented throughout

860-452: A method of abortion, although suction curettage is still the most common and preferred method to ensure complete removal of remains as the method is a completed process used for termination of a First-Trimester Pregnancy. The World Health Organization recommends D&C with a Sharp Curette as a method of surgical abortion ONLY when manual vacuum aspiration with a suction curette is unavailable. For patients who have recently given birth,

946-541: A narrow corridor along 59th Street between the central campus and the Metra tracks—including, for example, the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools and International House . Due to the university's proximity, the blocks just east of the central campus are dominated by (privately owned) student and faculty residences. The part of Hyde Park located east of the Metra tracks is locally called East Hyde Park. This area,

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1032-426: A non-pregnant patient, and society practice guidelines do not recommend routine prophylactic antibiotics to patients. However, for curettage of a pregnant patient, the risk of infection is higher, and patients should receive antibiotics that cover the bacteria commonly found in the vagina and gastrointestinal tract; doxycycline is a common recommendation, though azithromycin may also be used. Another risk of D&C

1118-613: A result of these procedures, accounting for 17% of all deaths attributed to childbirth and pregnancy in 1965. Low-income women had relatively high rates of obtaining illegal abortions, at 8% of those surveyed in New York City, with the majority attempting a self-induced abortion and only 2% involving physicians. In New York City, non-white and Puerto Rican women were more at risk from illegal abortions: abortion accounted for half of all their pregnancy-related deaths, in contrast to 25% of pregnancy-related deaths for white women. Nationwide,

1204-513: A small number of high-rise condominiums). Although the neighborhood bounded by 47th Street on the north, 51st Street (Hyde Park Boulevard) on the south, Cottage Grove Avenue on the west, and Lake Michigan on the east is officially the southern half of the Kenwood community area, it is often considered part of Hyde Park due to the two areas' shared culture and history; "Hyde Park-Kenwood" is thus sometimes applied to this collective area (as in, e.g.,

1290-664: A smaller percentage of African-Americans and Hispanics. North of 55th Street, African-Americans make up approximately half of the population, and there is a more robust Hispanic presence. Hyde Park's location in the center of the predominantly African-American South Side , as well as the neighborhood's large population of affluent and upper-middle class Black residents, have made it an important cultural and political hub for Chicago's Black community. Many of Chicago's prominent African-American politicians live or have lived in Hyde Park, including former Chicago mayor Harold Washington ,

1376-482: A wide boulevard that runs from Stony Island Avenue to Cottage Grove Avenue between 59th and 60th streets, connects Jackson Park to Washington Park (located to the west of Hyde Park). Jackson Park has been selected by the Obama Foundation as the site of the future Obama Presidential Center . The shopping areas on 53rd, 55th, and 57th streets host most of the retail businesses in Hyde Park. 53rd Street

1462-415: Is uterine perforation . The highest rate of uterine perforation appears to be in the setting of postpartum hemorrhage (5.1%) compared with a lower rate in diagnostic curettage in non-pregnant patients (0.3% in the premenopausal patient and 2.6% in the postmenopausal patient). Perforation may cause excessive bleeding or damage to organs outside the uterus. If the provider is concerned about ongoing bleeding or

1548-432: Is Hyde Park's oldest shopping district, lined with many small businesses and restaurants offering various dining options. Harper Court , a small-business-oriented shopping center, extends north of 53rd Street along Harper Avenue. A farmers' market is held there in the summer. The segment of 55th Street between the Metra line and the lake offers a series of ethnic restaurants serving Thai, Japanese, and Korean cuisine. To

1634-451: Is a gynecologic procedure used for treatment and removal as well as diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, and is the most commonly used method for first trimester abortion or miscarriage . D&C normally refers to a procedure involving a curette , also called sharp curettage . However, some sources use the term D&C to refer to any procedure that involves the processes of dilation and removal of uterine contents which includes

1720-514: Is a neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago , Illinois , located on and near the shore of Lake Michigan 7 miles (11 km) south of the Loop . It is one of the city's 77 community areas . Hyde Park's boundaries and subdivisions have several local definitions. The community area's formal boundaries are 51st Street (signed locally as Hyde Park Boulevard) on the north, Midway Plaisance on

1806-408: Is a very racially diverse neighborhood. Per 2020 U.S. census data, the neighborhood's residents are 45.6% white, 26.7% Black, 14.6% Asian, and 7.2% Hispanic, while a further 5.9% identified as belonging to two or more races. The neighborhood's northern and southern halves exhibit some demographic differences, however: south of 55th Street, the population is predominantly white and Asian-American, with

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1892-492: Is no longer routinely performed in modern miscarriage and abortion care. Newer studies reflect the common technique of suction curettage and demonstrate a much lower risk of Asherman's syndrome, with incidence in large prospective trials ranging from 0.7 to 1.6%. A history of multiple (>3) procedures and sharp curettage were identified as risk factors for developing clinical Asherman's syndrome. A systematic review in 2013 concluded that recurrent miscarriage treated with D&C

1978-405: Is the main risk factors for intrauterine adhesions. There are currently no studies linking asymptomatic intrauterine adhesions and long-term reproductive outcomes, and similar pregnancy outcomes have been found after miscarriage regardless of whether surgical treatment, medication management, or conservative management (i.e. watchful waiting ) was chosen. Hyde Park, Chicago Hyde Park

2064-509: The Democratic Party in the past two presidential elections by overwhelming margins. In the 2016 presidential election , Hyde Park cast 10,479 votes for Hillary Clinton and 442 votes for Donald Trump (91.9% to 3.9%). In the 2012 presidential election , Hyde Park cast 9,991 votes for Barack Obama and cast 651 votes for Mitt Romney (91.4% to 6.0%). By car, Hyde Park is easily accessed from Lake Shore Drive , which runs along

2150-548: The Illinois Central Railroad , which had been constructed two years earlier. Cornell successfully negotiated land in exchange for a railroad station at 53rd Street. Hyde Park quickly became a suburban retreat for affluent Chicagoans who wanted to escape the noise and congestion of the rapidly growing city. In 1857, the Hyde Park House , an upscale hotel, was built on the shore of Lake Michigan near

2236-624: The Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago , and McCormick Theological Seminary . The Griffin Museum of Science and Industry and two of Chicago's four historic sites listed in the original 1966 National Register of Historic Places — Chicago Pile-1 , the world's first artificial nuclear reactor , and Robie House —are also in the neighborhood. In the early 21st century, Hyde Park received national attention for its association with U.S. President Barack Obama , who, before running for president,

2322-690: The Medical Committee for Human Rights , who connected her with civil rights leader and surgeon T. R. M. Howard . Howard worked at the Friendship Medical Center in Chicago, and Booth sent her friend to his facility. Word spread that Booth was able to help women obtain safe abortions, and she soon began receiving calls from other women. Operating under the pseudonym "Jane", Booth began taking such phone calls at her college dormitory, referring more clients to Howard, who performed

2408-543: The Red and Green Lines ' 47th and 51st St. stations, respectively. The #55 Garfield bus runs east–west through the neighborhood, also connecting it to the Red and Green Lines at their respective Garfield stations , and, ultimately, to Chicago's Midway Airport . The #4 Cottage Grove and #X4 Cottage Grove Express bus routes run north–south along Hyde Park's westernmost edge. CTA also operates three bus routes in collaboration with

2494-539: The Roe v. Wade decision, with Laura Kaplan saying it was "written emphatically in terms of physician’s rights, not women’s rights". In her eyes, illegal abortion with women helping women was supplanted by a process in which men would be in charge of women's bodies once again. Linnea Johnson said, "what we did was to remand women back into the realm of male law, male custom, medical custody. Bad idea then as now." The women, who were burned-out with their mission and each other, according to Kaplan, had an "end-of-Jane party" after

2580-406: The back-alleys ", and that they should shutter the organization. Up to half of the group's members left after learning that their abortion provider was not an actual doctor. He was performing up to twenty abortions a day with skill, however, and other members realized: "If he can do it, then we can do it, too." As Jenny learned to perform the procedure, she was able to teach other members. It remained

2666-418: The dilation (widening or opening) of the cervix and surgical removal of sections and/or layers of the lining of the uterus and or contents of the uterus such as an unwanted fetus (early abortion before 13 weeks), remains of a non-viable fetus, retained placenta after birth or abortion as well as any abnormal tissue which may be in the uterus causing abnormal cycles by scraping and scooping ( curettage ). It

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2752-449: The dilation and curettage method most commonly used. Members of the group performed an estimated 11,000 abortions, mostly to low-income women who could not afford to travel to the places where abortion was legal, as well as women of color. In 1972, one of the Jane Collective apartments was raided by the police, and seven of its members were arrested. Each was charged with eleven counts of abortion and conspiracy to commit abortion, carrying

2838-656: The " Hyde Park-Kenwood Historic District "). Some differences are nonetheless apparent: unlike Hyde Park, which is dominated by three- and four-story apartment buildings and modest family homes, southern Kenwood boasts a great many luxurious mansions, built mainly at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries for wealthy Chicagoans. A number of prominent Chicagoans currently reside or own homes in this area, including former U.S. president Barack Obama and Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan . Boxer Muhammad Ali and former Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad also once resided in south Kenwood. Hyde Park

2924-445: The "Abortion 7". While in the police van, one woman removed a stack of index cards from her purse that had the contact information of their patients. They ripped the names and addresses off of the index cards and swallowed them to protect the information. Each woman faced up to a maximum of a 110-year prison sentence, with 1–10 years possible on each count. Jeanne Galatzer-Levy, one of the women arrested, recalled that she felt that

3010-399: The #2 does not run, while the #28 does so only to points south. CTA’s #10 Museum of Science and Industry route also provides express service to downtown, but only between Memorial and Labor Days and from one stop at the museum itself . CTA’s #15 Jeffrey Local bus runs diagonally through Hyde Park, connecting the neighborhood to points south and to CTA's rapid transit system, the ”L” , at

3096-494: The 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus ' arrival in the New World ). The World's Columbian Exposition brought fame to the neighborhood, which gave rise to an inflow of new residents and spurred new development that gradually started transforming Hyde Park into a more urban area. However, since most of the structures built for the fair were temporary, it left few direct traces in the neighborhood. The only major structure from

3182-486: The 53rd Street railroad station. For two decades, the Hyde Park House served as a focal point of Hyde Park social life. During this period, it was visited or lived in by many prominent guests, including Mary Todd Lincoln , who lived there with her children for two and a half months in the summer of 1865 (shortly after her husband was assassinated). The Hyde Park House burned down in an 1879 fire. The Sisson Hotel

3268-470: The Chicago police regarding the Collective's activities. In 1972, two Catholic women went to the police to report that their sister-in-law was planning on having an abortion. Two police officers arrived at one of the Collective's apartments on 3 May and asked, "where's the doctor?", looking for a male practitioner. Seven of the women working for Jane were arrested and charged with eleven counts of abortion and conspiracy to commit abortion. They became known as

3354-474: The Jane Collective was known as "Jenny". She was motivated to help provide abortion access by her past struggles to obtain a safe abortion. Jenny discovered that she was pregnant shortly after she was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma . She sought an abortion due to concerns about the effects of her radiation treatment on the fetus, but was denied by the hospital board. After informing two psychiatrists that she intended to kill herself if not allowed an abortion, she

3440-606: The NRHP Hyde Park-Kenwood Historic District and Jackson Park Historic Landscape District and Midway Plaisance are located, at least in part, within the Hyde Park community area. Promontory Point is an artificial peninsula that extends into Lake Michigan at 55th Street, providing views of the Downtown Chicago skyline to the north. Promontory Point is a common location for picnicking, sunbathing, and swimming. It made news as

3526-535: The University of Chicago: #171 University of Chicago/Hyde Park, #172 University of Chicago/Kenwood, and #192 University of Chicago Hospitals Express. The #171 and #172 are local circulator routes that run on a reduced schedule during the summer, while the #192 runs during rush hours only to and from major rail stations in the Loop. South Shore Line trains stops only at 55th-56th-57th St. They only board passengers southbound and discharge passengers northbound due to

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3612-469: The abortion-related mortality rate for non-white women was twelve times greater than that of white women from 1972–1974. Abortion remained illegal in each state until Colorado was the first to decriminalize abortion in some circumstances in 1967. In 1970, four states—Washington, New York, Hawaii, and Alaska—repealed laws against abortion, making it generally legal before the age of viability. Traveling to obtain legal abortion became easier for

3698-652: The abortions for $ 500. Booth later switched to an abortion care provider alternately referred to as "Mike" or "Nick". Booth continued to refer patients for abortions, averaging one per week, mostly for low-income women and women of color. This continued until 1968 when she was out of college, married, pregnant, and employed full-time. With less time to devote to connecting women with abortion providers, she recruited and trained ten other women to help her. She transferred her leadership role to Ruth Surgal and Jody Parsons . The organization, founded in Hyde Park, Chicago , adopted

3784-480: The affluent, as they no longer had to travel to destinations such as the United Kingdom . Traveling to obtain an abortion was cost prohibitive for those who could not afford the procedure, let alone travel and lodging expenses. For those who could procure an illegal abortion, results were mixed. Some women experienced hemorrhaging or sepsis. Others paid for abortions only to still be pregnant afterwards from

3870-445: The case of a non-viable pregnancy, such as a missed or incomplete miscarriage , or an undesired pregnancy , as in a surgical abortion . Medical management of miscarriage and medical abortion using drugs such as misoprostol and mifepristone are safe, non-invasive and potentially less expensive alternatives to D&C. Because medication-based non-invasive methods of abortion now exist, dilation and curettage has been declining as

3956-428: The case of abortion or miscarriage treatment) or by pathology for abnormalities (in the case of treatment for abnormal bleeding ). The most common complications associated with D&C are infection, bleeding, or damage to nearby organs, including through uterine perforation. Aside from the surgery itself, complications related to anesthesia administration may also occur. Infection is uncommon after D&C for

4042-509: The case, because she was a woman and she thought a woman should handle the case". She pursued a legal strategy of delaying the court proceedings as long as possible. It was known that the Supreme Court was currently deciding the Roe v. Wade case: a favorable ruling would make it easier for Wolfson to have the charges dismissed or obtain a more favorable plea deal. In 1973, Roe v. Wade was decided, which struck down many abortion restrictions. All of

4128-478: The charges against the Abortion 7 were dismissed; additionally, they were not charged with practicing without a license in exchange for not requesting the return of their medical instruments. After abortion was legalized, the Jane Collective disbanded. One doctor offered the Jane Collective abortionists a job at her office performing abortions, but was then dissuaded by her lawyer. Several members were critical of

4214-1049: The city's first Black mayor; former U.S. Senator Carol Moseley Braun , the first Black female U.S. senator; former U.S. President Barack Obama ; and Toni Preckwinkle , the current President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners . The following Hyde Park community area properties have been added to the National Register of Historic Places : Chicago Beach Apartments , Arthur H. Compton House , East Park Towers, Chicago Pile-1 , Flamingo-on-the-Lake Apartments , Mayfair Apartments , Isadore H. Heller House , Charles Hitchcock Hall , Hotel Del Prado, Hotel Windermere East , Frank R. Lillie House , Robert A. Millikan House , Poinsettia Apartments, Promontory Apartments , Jackson Shore Apartments , Frederick C. Robie House , George Herbert Jones Laboratory , St. Thomas Church and Convent , Shoreland Hotel , German submarine U-505 , and University Apartments . In addition,

4300-535: The city, draws inspiration from the Jane Collective for their operations. Abortion access has become increasingly restricted: By 2018, more than 1,100 abortion restrictions had been passed in the US, and the number of abortion clinics declined by nearly half since the late 1970s. A volunteer with the Haven Coalition stated, "There’s an effort to sort of preserve the vestiges of what used to be an underground railroad and something that might be again", alluding to

4386-417: The city. Before the abortion, the patient and a member of Jane would meet at The Front, where the patient would then be driven to a second location to undergo the abortion. "Jenny", one of the members, eventually began demanding to be in the room with the patients while the procedure was performed to ensure that the women were treated well. Jenny was highly critical of how her health was managed by men when she

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4472-476: The emergency room afterwards, while others had to undergo hysterectomies . One obstetrician who provided follow-up visits for the Collective's patients stated that their safety rate was comparable to legally operating clinics in New York. The story of the Jane Collective has been called a "motivational call to arms". Haven Coalition, a non-profit in New York City that helps out-of-town women access abortions in

4558-458: The excess uterine lining in women who have conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome ; to remove tissue in the uterus that may be causing abnormal uterine bleeding, such as endometrial polyps or uterine fibroids ; or to diagnose the cause of post-menopausal bleeding , such as in the case of endometrial cancer . Hysteroscopy is a valid alternative or addition to D&C for many surgical indications, from diagnosis of uterine pathology to

4644-771: The fair that is still standing today is Charles Atwood 's Palace of Fine Arts, which has since been converted into the Museum of Science and Industry . In the early decades of the twentieth century, many upscale hotels were built in Hyde Park (mostly along the lakefront). Hyde Park became a resort area in Chicago. Most of these hotels closed during the Great Depression , and were eventually converted into apartment and condominium buildings (most of which are still standing today). Historical images of Hyde Park can be found in Explore Chicago Collections ,

4730-463: The first legal abortion clinics opened in the spring of 1973. They then went their separate ways. Martha Scott was later employed at a woman's health center and remained an activist for women's rights. In the seven years that the group existed, they performed an estimated 11,000 abortions. There were no reports of abortion-related death as a result of their work, though one member, Martha Scott, recalled that some of their patients ended up having to go to

4816-555: The floor of the Chicago City Council , and became known as the "liberal conscience of Chicago" for often casting the sole dissenting vote against the policies of Chicago's then-mayor Richard J. Daley . During the 1950s, Hyde Park experienced economic decline as a result of the white flight that followed the rapid inflow of African Americans into the neighborhood. In the 1950s and 1960s, the University of Chicago, in its effort to counteract these trends, sponsored one of

4902-589: The former Illinois Central Railroad ’s embankment in East Hyde Park, near Lake Michigan . The Metra Electric —which has three stations in the neighborhood ( 51st/53rd St./Hyde Park , 55th-56th-57th St. , and 59th St./University of Chicago )—and the CTA’s #6 Jackson Park Express bus provide express service to the Loop from early morning to late night. The #2 Hyde Park Express and #28 Stony Island busses provide similar service during rush hours. Off-peak, however,

4988-425: The group when she came to them for an abortion for their lack of diversity, as they were nearly all white and middle-class. She stated, "You guys are the white angels that are going to save everybody and where are the black women at?" Lois decided to join the Collective to help counsel its black patients. Seeking an abortion could be especially difficult for black women, as some black nationalists decried that abortion

5074-671: The historic Main Quadrangles, and the Booth School of Business —is bounded by Washington Park on the west, 55th Street on the north, University Ave. on the east, and 61st Street on the south, placing most of the university within Hyde Park's southwestern quadrant (with the remainder, south of the Midway , being in Woodlawn ). The university also owns a number of additional properties throughout Hyde Park, with many concentrated along

5160-499: The largest urban renewal plans in the nation. The plan involved the demolition and redevelopment of entire blocks of supposedly decayed buildings with the goal of creating an "interracial community of high standards." After the plan was carried out, Hyde Park's average income soared by seventy percent, but its African American population fell by forty percent, since the substandard housing primarily occupied by low-income African Americans had been purchased, torn down, and replaced, with

5246-493: The likely rise of underground abortion organizations as a result. Medical student and researcher Rainey Horwitz stated that "the Jane Collective really exemplified...that abortions are not medically complex procedures, especially now in 2022, when so many people can have the option to undergo a medication abortion and have to completely eliminate those risks of those surgical abortions." Dilation and curettage Dilation (or dilatation ) and curettage ( D&C ) refers to

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5332-542: The location of the wedding reception between George Lucas and Mellody Hobson in June 2013. The southeastern corner of Hyde Park contains the northern end of Jackson Park . Jackson Park consists of lagoons surrounding an island in the middle (called the Wooded Island), on which a small Japanese garden is located. It is home to a large population of beavers and over two dozen species of birds. The Midway Plaisance ,

5418-479: The mid-1900s, abortion was illegal in almost every US state. In the state of Illinois, at the time the Jane Collective formed, abortion was considered felony homicide. However, in the 1960s, it was estimated that a third of US women who wanted no more children would have at least one unintended pregnancy by the end of their childbearing years. In the 1950s and 1960s, it was estimated that 200,000–1.2 million illegal abortions occurred annually. Women sometimes died as

5504-485: The more common suction curettage procedures of manual and electric vacuum aspiration . D&Cs may be performed in pregnant and non-pregnant patients, for different clinical indications. Such examples are for Early Abortion, Removing the remains of a non-viable pregnancy or retention of placenta from a pregnancy loss/abortion. Treatment of menopause induced anomalies with menstrual cycle. A D&C may be performed early in pregnancy to remove pregnancy tissue, either in

5590-501: The name Abortion Counseling Service of Women's Liberation, proclaiming that they were for "every woman having exactly as many children as she wants, when she wants, if she wants." They decided that the name was wordy, though; women who called should ask for "Jane", which they considered the "everywoman name". The Abortion Counseling Service of Women's Liberation was a work group of the Chicago Women's Liberation Union . One member of

5676-417: The name of the epoynmous Historic District , for example). Meanwhile, the portion of Hyde Park that lies between the Illinois Central Railroad tracks and the lake is usually referred to as “East Hyde Park” and is usually also taken to include “ Indian Village ,” the small southeastern corner of Kenwood. Hyde Park is home to the University of Chicago and several seminaries : Catholic Theological Union ,

5762-470: The neighborhood's community newspaper, was established in 1882 and continues to be published weekly. In 1891, two years after the city of Chicago annexed Hyde Park, the University of Chicago was established in the neighborhood through the philanthropy of John D. Rockefeller and the leadership of William Rainey Harper . In 1893, Hyde Park hosted the World's Columbian Exposition (a world's fair marking

5848-474: The neighborhood's easternmost edge. The Dan Ryan Expressway and Chicago Skyway also lie within a short driving distance. In terms of public transit, Hyde Park is served by eleven Chicago Transit Authority bus lines; Metra , Chicago's commuter rail system; and the South Shore Line , an interurban passenger rail service that runs between Chicago and South Bend , Indiana . The latter two use

5934-411: The part of Hyde Park nearest to Lake Michigan, has a large number of high-rise condominiums, many of them facing the lakefront. Some of these condominiums are remnants of older hotels, like The Mayfair or Regents Park. In this respect, East Hyde Park differs markedly from the rest of Hyde Park, where the vast majority of residences are either three-story apartment buildings or single-family homes (with only

6020-409: The per-abortion cost remained $ 500. Members of the Collective used fundraising to help cover the costs of the procedure for those who couldn't afford it. In 1971, however, the Collective discovered that "Nick" was not actually a doctor, as he had claimed. This caused emotional duress for some members of the Collective, who insisted that using an abortion provider with fake credentials made them "just like

6106-426: The police treated them, the abortion providers, better than their patients. She stated, "...there were all kinds of class and race things going on with the police. They felt more like us than like the women they were supposedly protecting from us, and they kinda wanted that relationship. So that was bizarre, just bizarre." The 7 were soon released on bail. The 7 hired an attorney, Jo-Anne Wolfson. Wolfson "really wanted

6192-505: The possibility of injury to organs outside the uterus, a laparoscopy may be done to verify that there has been no undiagnosed injury. Another potential risk is Asherman's syndrome , a condition where intrauterine adhesions lead to subfertility , amenorrhea , or recurrent pregnancy loss . Although older studies described a high (25-30%) risk of developing this condition after dilation and curettage for treatment of miscarriage, these procedures were likely done using sharp curettage, which

6278-476: The possibility that abortion could become illegal in the US once again. The Jane Collective has also been cited as inspiration to a loose network of American women who provide illegal abortions. In 2022, the US Supreme Court overruled Roe v. Wade in the decision Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization . Abortion became illegal or highly restricted in several US states, with commentators noting

6364-473: The removal of fibroids and even retained tissue of Pregnancy . It allows direct visualization of the inside of the uterus and may allow targeted sampling and removal of tissue inside the uterus. Depending on the anticipated duration and difficulty expected with the procedure, as well as the clinical indication and patient preferences, a D&C may be performed with local anesthesia , moderate sedation , deep sedation, or general anesthesia . The first step in

6450-414: The residents not being able to afford to remain in the newly rehabilitated areas. The ultimate result of the renewal plan was that Hyde Park did not experience the economic depression that occurred in the surrounding areas and became a racially integrated middle-class neighborhood. The central campus of the University of Chicago—including Pritzker School of Medicine , the University of Chicago Hospital ,

6536-530: The shore of Lake Michigan , with the idea of attracting other Chicago businessmen and their families to the area. The neighborhood was named after a hamlet on the Hudson River of the same name in New York . The land was located seven miles south of Downtown Chicago in a rural area that enjoyed weather tempered by the lake – cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter. It was conveniently located near

6622-444: The south, Washington Park on the west, and Lake Michigan on the east. Another local definition considers a section to the north between 47th Street and Hyde Park Boulevard to be in Hyde Park, although this area is, according to municipal boundaries, the southern half of the Kenwood community area. As such, it is often called “South Kenwood.” Hyde Park and South Kenwood are also sometimes collectively termed “Hyde Park-Kenwood” (as in

6708-419: The township encompassed most of what is now the South Side of Chicago . Hyde Park Township remained independent of Chicago until it was annexed to the city in 1889. After annexation, the definition of Hyde Park as a Chicago neighborhood was restricted to the historic core of the former township, centered on Cornell's initial development between 51st and 55th streets near the lakefront. The Hyde Park Herald ,

6794-439: The use of such covenants was supported by the University of Chicago. After the Supreme Court banned racially restrictive covenants in 1948, African Americans began moving into Hyde Park, and the neighborhood gradually became multiracial. In 1955, civil rights activist Leon Despres was elected alderman of Hyde Park and held the position for twenty years. Despres argued passionately for racial integration and fair housing on

6880-552: The west of the Metra line between 54th and 55th streets lies the Hyde Park Shopping Center. 57th Street is noted for its independent bookstores . 57th Street also offers restaurants along with small grocery stores, hair stylists, and dry cleaners. On the first weekend in June, the venerable 57th Street Art Fair takes up 57th Street between Kimbark and Kenwood avenues. The Hyde Park community area has supported

6966-530: The women who was trained to perform abortions noted, "Neither the Chicago Police nor the Outfit /Mafia had previously bothered us though each knew of our work: we were clean, damn good, and made too little money to interest them." Pauline Bart noted that "unlike other illegal abortionists, Jane did not leave bleeding bodies in motels for the police to deal with", which could explain the years of inaction of

7052-531: Was a Senior Lecturer for twelve years at the University of Chicago Law School , an Illinois state senator representing the area, and U.S. senator from Illinois. The Barack Obama Presidential Center is currently under construction in Jackson Park , which borders Hyde Park. In 1853, Paul Cornell , a real estate speculator and cousin of Cornell University founder Ezra Cornell , purchased 300 acres (1.2 km ) of land between 51st and 55th streets along

7138-512: Was allowed her request. The services of the Jane Collective spread through word of mouth. The organization also reached women through posting signs in the city that read, "Pregnant? Don't want to be? Call Jane", listing the phone number. They placed ads in underground newspapers saying, "Pregnant? Worried? Call Jane." The number directed the caller to an answering machine, where they were instructed to leave their name, phone number, and date of their last period . The woman would then be contacted by

7224-649: Was an agent of black genocide . The women learned several abortion methods, such as the cannula method for early stage abortions, and the super coil method used in later stage abortions which caused the women to miscarry , but the most widely used was the D&;C ( dilation and curettage ) method. It was rumored that the police intentionally turned a blind eye to the Collective's illegal activities, possibly because unwanted pregnancies and resulting abortions also occurred in their families. Some of their clients were from such families, or were even policewomen themselves. One of

7310-520: Was built on the site in 1918 and was eventually converted into a condominium building (the Hampton House ). In 1861, Hyde Park was incorporated into an independent township (called Hyde Park Township ). Its boundaries were Pershing Road (39th Street) on the north, 138th Street on the south, State Street on the west, and Lake Michigan and the Indiana state line on the east. The territory of

7396-467: Was pregnant with cancer, saying "Through that whole experience, there wasn't one woman involved. It was men — the doctors, the hospital board — controlling my reproductive rights and condemning me to death." Jenny learned about providing abortions by watching "Nick", who eventually trained her as his nurse. Abortions remained cost-prohibitive for their clients, who were generally low-income. Even after guaranteeing some abortion providers ten clients per week,

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