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29-784: A Japanese championships was first held in 1915 when the British player G. A. Roper beat his compatriot H. C. M. Horne in the final in four sets. The event was held on the grounds of the Kobe Club in Mirume. The entries were few, as the native players of Tokyo and Yokohama wanted the meeting held in Tokyo, but that was impossible, as the Kobe club was the only club affiliated to the Lawn Tennis Association. The All-Japan Championships

58-515: A guarantee. The manipulation of Grand Slam tournaments by professional promoters at the start of the Open Era led promoter Jack Kramer, the top male tennis player in the world in the 1940s and 1950s, to conceive of the Grand Prix in 1969. He described it as "a series of tournaments with a money bonus pool that would be split up on the basis of a cumulative point system." This would encourage

87-631: A panel of journalists had ranked the best players in the world. The best thirty-two men based on this ranking were invited to play the 1971 WCT circuit, which included Ilie Năstase , Stan Smith , Jan Kodeš , Željko Franulović , and Clark Graebner . The Australian Open was part of the WCT circuit while the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open were Grand Prix events. The conflict between the ILTF (running

116-677: A single world wide ATP Tour . Before the Open Era , popular professional tennis players, such as Suzanne Lenglen and Vincent Richards , were contracted to professional promoters. Amateur players were under the jurisdiction of their national (and international) federations. Later professional promoters, such as Bill Tilden and Jack Kramer , often convinced leading amateurs like Pancho Gonzales and Rod Laver to join their tours with promises of good prize money. But these successes led to financial difficulties when players were paid too much and falling attendances resulted in reduced takings. In

145-497: The 1972 US Open where they agreed to form their own syndicate, the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), through the efforts of Jack Kramer, Donald Dell , and Cliff Drysdale. In 1973, there were four rival professional circuits: the WCT circuit battled with the U. S. Indoor Circuit from January to April and the Grand Prix until July; both tours competed with the "European Spring Circuit" until June. In that same year,

174-658: The Pan Pacific Open . On the women's side, the Japan Open was held until 2014 on the WTA Tour, and then it was downgraded to a $ 100,000+H ITF Women's Circuit event. In 2019, the women's event was discontinued. The men's event is part of the ATP Tour 500 series level of tournaments The All-Japan championships continues to this day but is a national event for Japanese players only, whilst the Japan Open took over

203-639: The "Tennis Masters Series" until 2004, then the "ATP Masters Series" until 2009. They are now called the ATP Masters 1000 tournaments . Grand Prix tournaments below this level were originally called the Grand Prix Super Series . They were retained by the ATP and renamed as the " Championship Series ". All remaining Grand Prix Tour events became part of the " World Series ". Based on USLTA Tennis Yearbooks and Guides and World of Tennis yearbooks

232-487: The ATP created controversy by calling for a boycott of the 1973 Wimbledon Championships after one of its members, Niki Pilić, was suspended by the Yugoslav Tennis Federation for failing to play in a Davis Cup tie against New Zealand. The ATP boycott went ahead after negotiations failed, with only three members of the organisation – Roger Taylor, Ilie Năstase, and Ray Keldie – breaking

261-616: The Grand Prix circuit, on an experimental basis during its first year. The first World Championship Tennis tournament was held 20 January 1968 in Sydney, Australia. The first NTL tournament was held 18–21 March 1968 in São Paulo, Brazil. In July 1970, the WCT absorbed the NTL. In 1971, WCT ran a twenty-tournament circuit with the year-ending WCT Finals held in November. At the end of 1970,

290-537: The Grand Prix points system – to January for the 1987 edition so that the Grand Prix Masters could be held in December from 1986 onwards. It failed, however, to prevent the number of tournaments on the Grand Prix circuit from growing, with 48 being held in 1974 compared to 75 in 1989. The WCT and Grand Prix circuits were separate until 1978, when the Grand Prix circuit integrated the WCT circuit. In 1982,

319-609: The Grand Prix was led by the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (MIPTC) from 1974 through 1989. (Its name was shortened to the Men's Tennis Council (MTC) in 1988.) The MIPTC's duties included imposing fines for violations of its Code of Conduct, drug testing, and administrating the Grand Prix circuit. It also moved the Australian Open from its December date – which had been adopted in 1977 so that it could be included in

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348-461: The Grand Prix) and WCT was so strong that Rosewall, Gimeno, Laver, Emerson, and other WCT players boycotted the 1971 US Open . The third professional circuit that year was the U. S. Indoor Circuit run by Bill Riordan , the future manager of Jimmy Connors . In July 1971, the ILTF voted to ban all WCT contract professionals from competing in ILTF tournaments and from using ILTF facilities from

377-666: The MTC over the organisation of the Grand Prix and key issues such as player fatigue. During this press conference, the ATP declared that it would be starting its own tour in 1990, meaning that the 1989 Grand Prix would effectively be its last. The final event of the Grand Prix was the Nabisco Masters Doubles held at the Royal Albert Hall 6–10 December 1989. Its last champions were Jim Grabb and Patrick McEnroe , who beat John Fitzgerald and Anders Järryd in

406-405: The WCT circuit split from the Grand Prix again and created a more complex WCT ranking, similar to the ATP ranking. The split was short-lived, however, and in 1985 the Grand Prix absorbed the four remaining WCT tournaments. During the 1988 US Open the ATP, led by then-World No. 1 Mats Wilander , staged an impromptu meeting known as the "Parking Lot Press Conference" during failed negotiations with

435-585: The beginning of 1972 onwards. The 1972 editions of the French Open and the Wimbledon Championships excluded all contract professional players. Then in April 1972, the ILTF and WCT agreed to divide the 1973 tour into a WCT circuit that ran from January through May and a Grand Prix circuit that ran for the rest of the year. The conflict between the ILTF and WCT led all tennis players to attend

464-574: The best players came under contract to one of two professional tours: When the Open Era began in 1968, tournaments often found themselves deprived of NTL or WCT players. The first open tournament, the British Hard Court Championships at Bournemouth , was played without WCT players, as was that year's French Open. In 1970, NTL players did not play in the Australian Open because their organization did not receive

493-495: The best players to compete regularly in the series, so that they could share in the bonus at the end and qualify for the special championship tournament climaxing the year. When only a few contract players showed up for the 1970 French Open , the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) approved Kramer's Grand Prix proposal. In April 1970, its president Ben Barnett announced the creation of

522-657: The chairman of the Wimbledon Championships . In 1967, David announced that a professional tournament would be held at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club after the 1967 Wimbledon Championships . This tournament was televised by the BBC and built public support for professional tennis. In late 1967, the best of the amateur players turned professional, paving the way for the first open tournament. Some professionals were independent at this time, such as Lew Hoad , Luis Ayala , and Owen Davidson , but most of

551-516: The early 1960s, the professional tour began to fall apart. It survived only because the U.S. Pro Tennis Championships , having been unable to give prize money to its 1963 winner, received prize money from the First National Bank of Boston for its 1964 tournament. At the same time, the concept of "shamateurism" – amateur promoters paying players under the table to ensure they remained amateurs – had become apparent to Herman David ,

580-504: The final. In 1990, the Association of Tennis Professionals , led by Hamilton Jordan , replaced the MTC as the sole governing body of men's professional tennis and the ATP Tour was born. The nine most prestigious Grand Prix tournaments became known as the "Championship Series Single Week" from 1990 through 1995. In 1996, Mercedes began sponsoring these series of events, renamed as the "Super 9" until 1999. In 2000, they became known as

609-411: The first tennis tournament to be held in the Open Era , taking place in April 1968. It started on 22 April at 1:43 p.m. when John Clifton served and won the first point of the open era. Ken Rosewall won the men's singles title, taking home $ 2,400, while runner-up Rod Laver received $ 1,200. Virginia Wade won the women's singles title, defeating Winnie Shaw in the final, but did not take home

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638-451: The history of sponsors is as follows: NB : All rankings were calculated using the Grand Prix points system and do not necessarily reflect the ATP rankings at the same time. British Hard Court Championships The British Hard Court Championships was a Grand Prix tennis and WTA Tour affiliated tennis tournament played from 1968 to 1983 and 1995 to 1999. The inaugural edition of

667-550: The mantle as the Japan international event from 1972 onwards. 35°38′10″N 139°47′28″E  /  35.636°N 139.791°E  / 35.636; 139.791 Grand Prix tennis tour The ITF Grand Prix Circuit was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit it ran annually until 1989 when it and WCT Circuit were replaced by

696-414: The picket. They were later fined for this. The men's draws for that year were subsequently made up of second-string players, lucky losers, and older players such as Neale Fraser , who reached the final of the men's doubles with fellow Australian John Cooper . The draw also showcased future talents such as Björn Borg , Vijay Amritraj , Sandy Mayer , and John Lloyd amid record crowds. The governance of

725-653: The tournament was held in 1924 in Torquay , moving to the West Hants Tennis Club in Bournemouth , England in 1927 and was held there until 1983. The 1977 and 1979 editions were cancelled due to lack of sponsorship. In 1995 the event was revived at Bournemouth as a women's WTA tournament but was only played there that year. The women's final edition in 1996 was held in Cardiff , Wales . The tournament

754-447: The winner's prize of $ 720 as she was still an amateur at the time of the tournament. She subsequently became the first amateur to win a title in the Open Era. Christine Janes and her sister Nell Truman became the first winners of an open tennis event by winning the women's doubles title. The tournament was considered a success and attracted almost 30,000 visitors. The young British player Mark Cox went down in tennis history, when at

783-543: Was first held in 1972 as a minor ATP event and from 1973 was part of the Grand Prix tennis tour . The Japan Open was known as the "Tokyo Outdoor Grand Prix" between 1973 and 1989. From 1990 it was part of the ATP Tour. From 1979 until 2008, the Japan Open was a joint tournament for both men and women. This is no longer the case in the aftermath of the Ariake Coliseum hosting another women's professional tournament,

812-625: Was first played in 1922 in Tokyo (a few months after the Japanese Tennis Association was formed) as a men's only tournament. In 1924, a women's event was added to the programme. The tournament has been mainly played in Tokyo throughout its long run but has also been staged in other cities such as Osaka in 1933, 1935, 1937, 1939. Following World War II, the event was sometimes known as the Japan International Championships until 1972. The Japan Open

841-472: Was played on outdoor clay courts . Bournemouth was one of the world's major tournaments, second only to Wimbledon in England and on the same level as Monte Carlo, Rome and Hamburg. In the pre-war era, it was regarded as the most important event outside the four Grand Slams. Fred Perry is the record holder with five consecutive titles, from 1932 through 1936. The Championships hold the distinction of being

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